Misplaced Pages

#821178

152-496: A venue was planned to open in Saint-Denis, Réunion entitled Zénith du Port . The arena was proposed in 2005 by the city council. Planned to open in 2008 with a capacity of 6,000, the construction of the arena was shut down. It was determined the venue would not be profitable as there was no research done to see which events the arena could house. They also felt the venue would be a hard sell to bring in international talent. Kabardock

304-779: A Peugeot car. In 1896, the first Chinese temple in Réunion and in France was opened in Saint-Denis, the Chane temple (陈宅), also called Shichantang (世昌堂), dedicated to Guandi and to the ancestral worship of the Chane (陈) family, one of the Cantonese families arrived in Réunion in the 1860s and 1870s as Chinese labourers. In 1905 was inaugurated in Saint-Denis the Noor-e-Islam Mosque , the oldest mosque in France (outside of Mayotte ), whose construction

456-446: A tropical monsoon climate ( Köppen Am ) with two distinct seasons: a hot and humid wet season from December to April and a very warm, less humid drier season for the remaining seven months of the year, with June to October qualifying as true dry season months. The dry season does typically feature relatively light rain, but it is not wet enough to be a tropical rainforest climate . During the wet season, tropical cyclones often affect

608-568: A DM single on the Billboard Hot 100 , and was a Top 20 hit in Canada. "People Are People" became an anthem for the LGBT community, regularly played at gay establishments and gay pride festivals in the late 1980s. Sire , the band's North American record label, released a compilation of the same name which included tracks from A Broken Frame and Construction Time Again as well as several B-sides . On

760-723: A Heart", would also be included on the next studio album Black Celebration ). In the United States, the band's music appealed primarily to an alternative audience who were disenchanted with the predominance of "soft rock and 'disco hell'" on the radio. This view of the band was in sharp contrast to how the band was perceived in Europe, despite the increasingly dark and serious tone in their songs. In Germany, France, and other European countries, Depeche Mode were considered teen idols and regularly featured in European teen magazines, becoming one of

912-507: A UK Top 3 hit for Yazoo. Gore, who had written "Tora! Tora! Tora!" and the instrumental "Big Muff" for Speak & Spell , became the band's main composer and lyricist. In late 1981, the band placed an anonymous ad in Melody Maker looking for another musician: "Name band, synthesise, must be under twenty-one." Alan Wilder , a classically trained keyboardist from West London, responded and, after two auditions and despite being 22 years old,

1064-425: A band called Composition of Sound, with Clarke on vocals/guitar and Fletcher on bass; the pair were soon joined by Gore as a third instrumentalist. Dave Gahan joined the ensemble later in 1980 after Clarke heard him perform at a local Scout hut jam session , singing a rendition of David Bowie 's " ' Heroes ' ". With the advent of affordable synthesizers and the increasing popularity of electronic music,

1216-417: A band name and the name of their first album. Starting at their concert on 24 September 1980 at Bridge House, the band changed their name to Depeche Mode, chosen by Dave Gahan. When explaining the choice for the new name, which was taken from a mistranslation of the name of French fashion magazine Dépêche Mode , Gore said, "It means 'hurried fashion' or 'fashion dispatch'. I like the sound of that." However,

1368-542: A banquet hall and the Zénith Arena. It has hosted concerts by Kylie Minogue , Aretha Franklin , Goldfrapp , Dusty Springfield , Eminem and Portishead . It is the seventh incarnation of the "Le Zénith" franchise. The Zénith d'Orléans (also known as Zénith Orléans) is an indoor arena located in Orléans . The venue opened on September 26, 1996. The first concert was by Charles Aznavour on October 3, 1996. Not only does

1520-462: A brake on population growth since its arrival in the island in 1868, and with its eradication the island's population soon started to grow tremendously due to high fertility rates. All these factors, combined with rural flight , led to a new period of rapid expansion for the city of Saint-Denis. After more than 70 years of stagnation, the city's population more than doubled between the 1954 and 1967 censuses. The June 1946 French legislative election

1672-478: A concert at the Pasadena Rose Bowl . Paid attendance of 60,453 was the highest in eight years for the venue. Its massive success marked a breakthrough for the band in the United States. . The event was documented in 101 , a concert film by D. A. Pennebaker and its accompanying soundtrack album. The film is notable for its portrayal of fan interaction. Alan Wilder came up with the title, noting that it

SECTION 10

#1733085704822

1824-496: A concert by Johnny Hallyday for fr:Tour 66 . The venue has hosted concerts by Bernard Lavilliers , Jean Michel Jarre and Michel Sardou. It is the seventeenth incarnation of the "Le Zénith" franchise. Saint-Denis, R%C3%A9union Saint-Denis ( / ˌ s æ̃ d ə ˈ n iː / , French: [sɛ̃ d(ə)ni] ; Reunionese Creole : Sin-Dni ), unofficially Saint-Denis de La Réunion ( pronounced [sɛ̃ d(ə)ni də la ʁeynjɔ̃] ) for disambiguation,

1976-420: A darker tone and became more pessimistic. The music video for " A Question of Time " was the first to be directed by Anton Corbijn , beginning a working relationship that continues to the present. Corbijn has directed 22 of the band's videos. He has also filmed some of their live performances and designed stage sets, as well as most covers for albums and singles starting from Violator . For 1987's Music for

2128-506: A dramatic shift in the group's sound, due in part to Wilder's introduction of the Synclavier and E-mu Emulator samplers . By sampling the noises of everyday objects, the band created an eclectic, industrial -influenced sound, with similarities to groups such as the Art of Noise and Einstürzende Neubauten (the latter becoming Mute labelmates in 1983). "Everything Counts" rose to number six in

2280-567: A duo. Their latest album, Memento Mori , was released in 2023. Depeche Mode have had 54 songs in the UK Singles Chart , 17 Top 10 albums in the UK chart, and have sold more than 100 million records worldwide. Q included the band in its list of the "50 Bands That Changed the World!" Depeche Mode also rank No. 98 on VH1 's "100 Greatest Artists of All Time". In 2016, Billboard named Depeche Mode

2432-554: A license for more than 4 years when CSA , France's electronic media regulatory authority, ordered it to cease operations. Despite protests from its viewers incited by the founder and owner of Télé Free Dom, a metropolitan Frenchman , the French government instructed the prefect of Réunion to seize the transmitter of the TV station on 24 February 1991. A month of riots throughout the city ensued after Télé Free Dom went off air, with their epicenter in

2584-630: A live gig at the Bridge House in Canning Town , the band was approached by Daniel Miller, an electronic producer and founder of Mute Records , who was interested in their recording a single for his burgeoning label. The result of this verbal contract was their first single, " Dreaming of Me ", recorded in December 1980 and released in February 1981. It reached number 57 in the UK charts. Encouraged by this,

2736-584: A mic and sample it?' It's obvious ; you spend all day trying to get a synthesizer to try and create this sound but you can just go [repeats noise] and you've got it. Then you can send it through some other device after that, and you've got something that sounds absolutely nothing like a voice, but the source was a voice. ... It is a very interesting process." In 1993, Songs of Faith and Devotion , again with Flood producing, saw them experimenting with arrangements based as much on heavily distorted electric guitars and live drums (played by Alan Wilder, whose debut as

2888-513: A minimalist, digital sound to much of the album, influenced by IDM and glitch . " Dream On ", " I Feel Loved ", " Freelove " and " Goodnight Lovers " were released as singles in 2001 and 2002. Critical response to the album was mixed, with reasonably positive reviews from some magazines ( NME , Rolling Stone and LA Weekly ), while others (including Q magazine, PopMatters and Pitchfork ) derided it as sounding underproduced, dull and lacking in luster. In March 2001, Depeche Mode held

3040-478: A new period of population growth and urban development. In February 1945, Air France opened an air route between Paris and Saint-Denis, the first air route linking Réunion with metropolitan France: operated once a week, it took 5 days and 14 stopovers to reach Paris from Saint-Denis. In June 1946, the newer Gillot airfield (now Roland Garros Airport , the international airport of Réunion) was inaugurated 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi) east of Saint-Denis's city center, in

3192-498: A nightclub called Omega Live . The space is used for private events and after parties. The arena has hosted concerts by Mylène Farmer, Zazie , Depeche Mode , Jenifer, Tina Turner and David Bowie . It is the third incarnation of the "Le Zénith" franchise. The Zénith de Pau is an indoor arena located in Pau . Located near the Hippodrome du Pont-Long , the arena's design is identical to

SECTION 20

#1733085704822

3344-468: A seaport in the little bay of Le Barachois , on the eastern side of the Saint-Denis River, to replace the port of Saint-Paul, but its site did not offer a safe haven, due to unpredictable winds and tides, as well as frequent high surf which forced ships to unload their cargo in the open roadstead away from the shore, from where it was carried to the shore with the use of a mobile pier. Improvements in

3496-613: A show at Dodger Stadium . An estimated 1.2 million fans saw this tour worldwide. In 1991, Depeche Mode contribution "Death's Door" was released on the soundtrack album for the film Until the End of the World . Film director Wim Wenders had challenged musical artists to write music the way they imagined they would in the year 2000, the setting of the movie. The members of Depeche Mode regrouped in Madrid in January 1992. Gahan had become interested in

3648-404: A solo album. In mid-1996, after his near-fatal overdose in which his heart stopped beating for two minutes, Gahan entered a court-ordered drug rehabilitation program to battle his addiction to cocaine and heroin. With Gahan out of rehab in 1996, Depeche Mode held recording sessions with producer Tim Simenon . Preceded by two singles, " Barrel of a Gun " and " It's No Good ", the album Ultra

3800-525: A studio drummer had come on the Violator track "Clean") as on synthesizers. Live strings , uilleann pipes and female gospel vocals were other new additions to the band's sound. The album debuted at number one in both the UK and the US, only the sixth British act to achieve such a distinction to date. The first single from the album was the grunge-influenced " I Feel You ". The gospel influences are most noticeable on

3952-474: A temporary lull in the riots, but they soon erupted again in March. A visit by prime minister Michel Rocard on 17 March failed to calm the situation down, and it was only after a visit by France's first lady Danielle Mitterrand , who went to the projects at Le Chaudron to discuss with local residents and who promised to relay their grievances to the French president, that the riots finally ended on 24 March. The city

4104-500: A voyage to Calcutta, India by his family in the hope of ending his dissolute habits, landed in Saint-Denis and stayed on Bourbon Island for 45 days, before deciding to return to metropolitan France without reaching India. In 1847, the return to Bourbon Island of the Catholic Apostolic Vice-Prefect of the island, Alexandre Monnet , an abolitionist who had worked for the evangelization of Bourbon's Black slaves and

4256-468: A wrought iron structure, was built between 1864 and 1866. The first cholera pandemic struck Saint-Denis in the beginning of 1820: cholera had arrived from Calcutta in Mauritius the year before, and despite strict orders from governor Milius forbidding any contact with Mauritius, one ship arriving from Mauritius evaded the orders and brought cholera to Saint-Denis. The authorities reacted quickly as soon as

4408-459: A young Communist militant was shot and killed by a Gaullist militant, and another Communist militant was severely injured by the same gunman. Paul Vergès, who was the Communist candidate to become mayor of Saint-Denis, was beaten by Gendarmerie forces during clashes in the streets and left unconscious on the pavement. The Gaullist candidate, Gabriel Macé  [ fr ] , was declared winner of

4560-694: Is an indoor arena located in Caen . The venue, designed by Jacques Millet and Claude Renouf, opened in June 1993. Leonard Cohen and Eddy Mitchell , along with stage performances of Grease and the Cuban National Ballet . It is the sixth incarnation of the "Le Zénith" franchise. The Zénith de Lille (also known as Zénith Arena ) is an indoor arena located in Lille near the Université du Droit et de la Santé . The arena

4712-521: Is an indoor arena located in Eckbolsheim , three miles west of Strasbourg . The venue began construction in January 2006 and ended in December 2007. The venue was designed by famed Italian architect, Massimiliano Fuksas . The exterior of the building was meant to mimic the lantern of Aladdin . On opening night, the venue hosted several free concerts from local bands in Strasbourg. The first event held at

Le Zénith - Misplaced Pages Continue

4864-518: Is an indoor arena located in Le Grand-Quevilly , five miles southwest of Rouen . The arena was designed by Swedish architect, Bernard Tschumi in 2001. His designed was honored by the American Institute of Architects . The arena has hosted concerts by Eddy Mitchell , Michel Sardou and Frédéric François . It is the tenth incarnation of the "Le Zénith" franchise. The Zénith d'Auvergne

5016-533: Is an indoor arena located in Maxéville , northwest of Nancy . The venue consists of an indoor theatre (known as "Grande salle du Zénith") and an outdoor amphitheater. It is the largest and most frequently used zénith. The venue has hosted concerts by Rammstein , Depeche Mode , Elton John , Guns N' Roses , Tokio Hotel and Natasha St-Pier . It is the fifth incarnation of the "Le Zénith" franchise. The Zénith de Caen (also known as Zénith Caen— Normandie )

5168-798: Is indoor arena located in Cournon-d'Auvergne , nearly seven miles east of Clermont-Ferrand . It is located at the Grande Halle d'Auvergne. It was designed by André and Serge Gresy. The building completed construction in October 2003, followed by a concert featuring Johnny Hallyday in December 2003. The venue has hosted the Davis Cup in 2007 and 2010 . It was also the site for the Dakar Rally in 2004. It has hosted concerts by Jean Michel Jarre , Pierre Perret and Yannick Noah , along with stage performances of Dora

5320-536: Is located near the Atlantis le Centre . The venue was designed by Phillippe Chaix and Jean-Paul Morel, who have designed several "Le Zénith" arenas. Construction began in 2003 and completed in 2006. Alternative rock band, Placebo became the inaugural event for the venue on December 2, 2006. Since then, the arena has hosted numerous artists including Muse , Sheryl Crow , Linkin Park , Jeff Beck , Simple Plan and Sting . It

5472-414: Is located on the north end of the island, and was a port. Saint-Denis was "originally the main port of Réunion, but an artificial harbour at Le Port, on the northwest coast, replaced it in the 1880s, because of unpredictable winds and tides at Saint-Denis." The city includes some of the island's mountains, with a peak elevation of 2,276 meters (7,467 ft) within the metro area, which begins at sea level at

5624-577: Is the prefecture (administrative capital) of the French overseas department and region of Réunion , in the Indian Ocean . It is located at the island's northernmost point, close to the mouth of the Rivière Saint-Denis . Saint-Denis is the most populous commune in the French overseas departments and the nineteenth most populous in all of France. At the 2021 census, there were 319,141 inhabitants in

5776-648: Is the fifteenth incarnation of the "Le Zénith" franchise. The Zénith d'Amiens (also known as SAS Zénith Amiens Métropole ) is an indoor arena located in Amiens near the Stade de la Licorne and Hippodrome d'Amiens. The venue was designed by famed Italian architect, Massimiliano Fuksas. Construction began in May 2006 and was completed in July 2008. The arena was to be completed in November 2007 but

5928-566: Is the thirteenth incarnation of the "Le Zénith" franchise. The Zénith de Limoges (also known as Zénith de Limoges Métropole ) is an indoor arena located in Limoges . The venue was designed by Bernard Tschumi, who also designed the Zénith de Rouen. The arena was originally proposed in 1995 to be included in Limoges Métropole . Construction was pushed back until 2005 due to funding. The first brick

6080-403: The Indian Ocean . In 1843, following the example of Mauritius where horse races had become popular among French colonial planters, a racecourse was inaugurated at La Redoute , now transformed into a stadium. Construction of the old Saint-Denis city hall  [ fr ] was started in 1846 and the building was inaugurated in 1860. The central market of Saint-Denis  [ fr ] ,

6232-729: The Musée Léon-Dierx  [ fr ] , the museum of arts of Saint-Denis, was inaugurated in the colonial mansion which served as the bishop's palace and had been seized by the French state the year before, following the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State . The Spanish flu hit Saint-Denis in April and May 1919, killing thousands of people. During the Holy Week of 1919 alone,

Le Zénith - Misplaced Pages Continue

6384-511: The Palais des Sports de Pau , which is nearby the venue. The venue opened on December 12, 1992. A concert by Johnny Hallyday followed the next day. The venue host many musical events along with theatrical shows. Concerts by Garou , André Rieu , Frédéric François , Véronique Sanson and William Sheller . It is the fourth incarnation of the "Le Zénith" franchise. The Zénith de Nancy (also known as Zénith Nancy de Maxéville or Zénith du Grand Nancy)

6536-418: The metropolitan area of Saint-Denis (as defined by INSEE ), 154,765 of whom lived in the city ( commune ) of Saint-Denis proper and the remainder in the neighbouring communes of La Possession , Sainte-Marie , Sainte-Suzanne , Saint-André , and Bras-Panon . Saint-Denis was founded in 1669 by Étienne Regnault , the first governor of Bourbon Island (as La Réunion was then called), on the northern side of

6688-513: The "Le Zénith" franchise. The Zénith de Saint-Étienne (also known as Zénith de Saint-Étienne Métropole ) is an indoor arena located in Saint-Étienne , near Stade Geoffroy-Guichard . Construction began in September 2006 and was designed by Norman Foster . The building has an aluminium roof that is designed to capture winds, acting as a natural ventilation. The arena opened October 10, 2008, with

6840-496: The 10th Greatest of All Time Top Dance Club Artists. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020. Depeche Mode's origins date to 1977, when schoolmates Vince Clarke and Andy Fletcher formed a band called No Romance in China with Clarke on vocals and guitar and Fletcher on bass. Fletcher would later recall, "Why am I in the band? It was accidental right from the beginning. I

6992-658: The 1860s), and the disease became endemic in the island. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 as well as the French growing interest in colonizing Madagascar also marginalized Réunion. As a result of all these events, Saint-Denis entered a period of stagnation that lasted until World War II . The city even officially experienced population decline from the 1870s until the beginning of the 1920s, before recovering slightly after 1921 (see Demographics section). In 1868, bitter press campaigns opposing local liberal ( anti-clerical ) and clerical (pro- Jesuit ) newspapers degenerated when

7144-599: The 1993 Devotional Tour as "The Most Debauched Rock 'n' Roll Tour Ever". According to The Independent , the "smack-blasted" Gahan "required cortisone shots just to perform, borderline alcoholic Gore suffered two stress-induced seizures, and Andrew Fletcher's deepening depression resulted, in the summer of 1994, in a full nervous breakdown." After the band played at the McNichols Sports Arena in Denver , Colorado , local police arrested Gore and fined him $ 50 for disturbing

7296-509: The 19th century resulted in the construction of a small artificial harbor where surf boats in charge of unloading cargo from larger ships could be protected from winds and swells, but it was regularly damaged by cyclones . Eventually it was replaced by a new and much larger artificial harbor built on the northwest coast of La Réunion in the 1880s, in today's commune of Le Port , 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Saint-Denis. A royal decree in 1766 divided Bourbon Island in 5 quartiers , one of which

7448-504: The 304,178 residents in the Saint-Denis metropolitan area at the 2015 census were the following: The closest airport is Roland Garros Airport , 7 km east of the city in Sainte-Marie, Réunion , which is also the main international airport of Réunion . Air Austral is the regional air carrier, with its Indian Ocean hub located at the airport. The airline has begun serving some cities in mainland France. Five or six other airlines serve

7600-466: The American tour, the band was, according to Gore, "shocked by the way the fans were turning up in droves at the concerts". He said that although the concerts were selling well, Depeche Mode struggled to sell records. In September 1984, Some Great Reward was released. Melody Maker claimed that the album made one "sit up and take notice of what is happening here, right under your nose." In contrast to

7752-573: The Barachois near the city center, produced local news programs. A university campus affiliated with the Aix-Marseille University was opened gradually in Saint-Denis between 1964 and 1970, later officially becoming the University of Reunion Island in 1982. In August 1967 the first nonstop commercial flights between Saint-Denis and Paris (operated by Air France's Boeing 707 ) were launched after

SECTION 50

#1733085704822

7904-576: The British new wave scene. Clarke left the band at the end of 1981, going on to form the groups Yazoo and later Erasure . The remaining trio recorded their second album, A Broken Frame (1982), with Martin Gore as chief songwriter. The band then recruited Alan Wilder , establishing a lineup that continued until 1995, beginning with the albums Construction Time Again (1983) and Some Great Reward (1984). The albums Black Celebration (1986) and Music for

8056-762: The Explorer , Lord of the Dance and Scooby-Doo and the Pirate Ghost . It is the eleventh incarnation of the "Le Zénith" franchise. The Zénith de Dijon (also known as Zénith Dijon ) is an indoor arena located within the Parc de la Toison d'Or in Dijon . The venue was designed by Philippe Chaix and Jean-Paul Morel. Construction began October 2004 and was completed in August 2005. The venue opened on October 6, 2005. To celebrate its fifth anniversary,

8208-598: The Father of Black People ( le Père des Noirs ), was forced to leave Bourbon Island only fifteen days later at the urging of the governor. On June 9, 1848, after the arrival of news of the February 1848 French Revolution from Europe, governor Graëb announced the proclamation of the French Republic in Saint-Denis, and the island's name was changed to La Réunion, the name it had already held between 1793 and 1806. The establishment of

8360-589: The French National Assembly voted the so-called 'Debré Law' (named after its promoter) that facilitated land expropriation and slum clearance in France's urban areas. The law helped to eradicate the shanty towns that had started to appear in Saint-Denis and other Réunionese cities. The next year was launched the construction of large public housing projects (or council estates) in the neighborhood of Le Chaudron  [ fr ] , 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) east of Saint-Denis's city center, to rehouse

8512-491: The French colonial governors in the South Pacific surrounded by British territories, who chose to rally de Gaulle's Free French , and he cut all communications with Mauritius. The British established a naval blockade of Réunion which led to severe food shortages and rationing . The governor pushed local authorities to follow Vichy France policies. In Saint-Denis, the square of Barachois was renamed square Marshal Pétain by

8664-472: The French government after the 1848 abolition of slavery. It was the first commercial bank in Réunion, and also served as a central bank, with the legal right to issue banknotes. The next year a savings bank was also established in Saint-Denis. Saint-Denis was struck by the third cholera pandemic in 1859, the first time cholera was returning to Réunion since 1820. During the outbreaks of cholera in Mauritius in 1854 and 1856, strict sanitary measures forbidding

8816-417: The Masses (1987) cemented them as a dominant force within the electronic and alternative music scenes, and their June 1988 concert at the Pasadena Rose Bowl drew a crowd of over 60,000 people. In 1990, they released their seventh album, Violator , which reached number seven on the Billboard 200 and was certified triple platinum by the RIAA . The following album Songs of Faith and Devotion (1993)

8968-436: The Masses , the band's sound and working methods continued to develop. It was the first time they worked with a producer not related to Mute Records. Dave Bascombe was called to assist with the recording sessions; although, according to Alan Wilder, Bascombe's role ended up being more that of engineer. In making the album, the band largely eschewed sampling in favour of synthesizer experimentation. While chart performance of

9120-416: The Masses Tour began 22 October 1987. On 7 March 1988, with no previous announcement that they would be the headlining act, Depeche Mode played in the Werner-Seelenbinder-Halle , East Berlin, becoming one of the few Western groups to perform in the Communist East Germany . They also performed concerts in Budapest and Prague in 1988, both Communist also at the time. The world tour ended on 18 June 1988 with

9272-481: The Napoleonic Wars was marked by urban development and public investments. In 1818, due to the British annexation of the Isle of France (Mauritius) which was home to the only lycée in the Mascarene Islands , where Bourbon Island's elites used to send their children for secondary education , Bourbon Island's governor Milius  [ fr ] launched the construction of a royal college in Saint-Denis ( Collège de Bourbon  [ fr ] ), which opened in 1819,

SECTION 60

#1733085704822

9424-425: The Netherlands to Réunion to observe the transit of Venus established its observation camp at the seafront of Barachois, in Saint-Denis. A 10.5 kilometres (6.5 mi) railway tunnel dug in the big lava flow separating Saint-Denis from La Possession was started in 1878 and completed in 1881, allowing trains to connect Saint-Denis with the new seaport of La Réunion under construction at Le Port in replacement of

9576-404: The Republic was met with coldness and distrust by the wealthy White planters due to the professed abolitionism of the new Republican authorities in Paris. On 18 October 1848 the new Commissioner of the Republic , Sarda Garriga , sent from Paris to replace governor Graëb, announced in Saint-Denis the abolition of slavery in Réunion Island, effective on 20 December 1848. In December the students at

9728-419: The Spanish flu killed nearly 1,000 people in Saint-Denis, a city which had less than 24,000 inhabitants at the time. Radiotelegraphy services began operation in Saint-Denis in 1923, with a radiotelegraphy station opened in old military barracks at the Barachois. The first radio program broadcast to the public took place in 1927, and the first radio station, Radio Saint-Denis, went on the air in 1929. In 1938,

9880-450: The UK charts, reaching number six. The following tour saw the band playing their first shows in North America. Two more singles, " The Meaning of Love " and " Leave in Silence ", were released ahead of the band's second studio album, on which they began work in July 1982. Daniel Miller informed Wilder that he wasn't needed for the recording of the album, as the core trio wanted to prove they could succeed without Vince Clarke. A Broken Frame

10032-436: The UK, also reaching the top 30 in Ireland, South Africa, Switzerland, Sweden and West Germany. Wilder contributed two songs to the album, "The Landscape Is Changing" and "Two Minute Warning". In September 1983, to promote Construction Time Again , the band launched a European concert tour. In their early years, Depeche Mode had really attained success only in Europe and Australia. This changed in March 1984, when they released

10184-431: The UK, with the former also charting in the US. "I remember going to see them in Giants Stadium, and they broke the merchandising record; of Bon Jovi , U2 —all these bands—Depeche Mode were the biggest!" The World Violation Tour saw the band play several stadium shows in the US. 42,000 tickets were sold within four hours for a show at Giants Stadium, and 48,000 tickets were sold within half-an-hour of going on sale for

10336-445: The airport. There is a good road network in Saint-Denis. Depeche Mode Depeche Mode are an English electronic music band formed in Basildon , Essex in 1980. Originally formed with the lineup of Dave Gahan , Martin Gore , Andy Fletcher and Vince Clarke , the band currently consists of Gahan and Gore. With Clarke as their primary songwriter, Depeche Mode released their debut album Speak & Spell in 1981 amid

10488-448: The album's third single, " Condemnation ". Interviews given by the band during this period tended to be conducted separately, unlike earlier albums, where the band was interviewed as a group. The Devotional Tour followed, documented by a concert film of the same name . The film was directed by Anton Corbijn , and in 1995 earned the band their first Grammy nomination. The band's second live album, Songs of Faith and Devotion Live ,

10640-569: The arena was "W9VIP Live" on January 9, 2009. The event was organized by French television stations W9 and M6 to commemorate Télévision Numérique Terrestre (digital television in France). The concert contained performances by Alizée Jacotey , Amel Bent , Emma Bunton , Christophe Maé , Jenifer Bartoli, Laure Pester , Melissa M and Les Déesses . The venue has hosted many artists including: Coldplay , Beyoncé Knowles , Guns N' Roses , Lady Gaga , Depeche Mode and Elton John . It has also hosted WWE Smackdown and Festival des Artefacts. It

10792-415: The band a second gold record, and it won Best British Single at the 1991 Brit Awards . To promote their new album, Violator , the band held an in-store autograph signing at Wherehouse Entertainment in Los Angeles. The event attracted approximately 20,000 fans and turned into a near riot. Some attendees were injured while being pressed against the store's glass by the crowd. As an apology to those injured,

10944-715: The band played their first-ever concerts behind the Iron Curtain , in Budapest and Warsaw . In October 1985, Mute released a compilation, The Singles 81→85 ( Catching Up with Depeche Mode in the US), which included the two new non-album hit singles " Shake the Disease " and " It's Called a Heart ", with the US version also including their B-sides ("Fly on the Windscreen", the B-side of "It's Called

11096-556: The band recorded their second single, " New Life ", which climbed to number 11 in the UK charts and got them an appearance on Top of the Pops . The band went to London by train, carrying their synthesisers all the way to the BBC studios. The band's next single was " Just Can't Get Enough ". The synth-pop single became the band's first UK top ten hit. The video is the only one to feature Vince Clarke. Depeche Mode's debut album, Speak & Spell ,

11248-469: The band recording again. However, Gahan would rarely turn up to scheduled sessions, and when he did, it would take weeks to get any vocals recorded; one six-week session at Electric Lady in New York produced just one usable vocal (for "Sister of Night"), and even that was pieced together from multiple takes. Gore was forced to contemplate breaking the band up and considered releasing the songs he had written as

11400-739: The band released a limited edition cassette tape to fans in Los Angeles, distributed through radio station KROQ (the sponsor of the Wherehouse event). Violator was the first Depeche Mode album to enter the Top 10 of the Billboard 200 , reaching Number 7 and staying 74 weeks in the chart. It was certified triple platinum in America. Two more singles from the album—" Policy of Truth " and " World in My Eyes "—were hits in

11552-522: The biggest-selling 12-inch single in Warner Records ' history up to that point. "I think in a way we've been at the forefront of new music; sort of chipping away at the standard rock format stations." Released in February 1990, " Enjoy the Silence " reached number six in the UK (the first Top 10 hit in that country since "Master And Servant"). A few months later it reached number eight in the US and earned

11704-457: The by-election took place in May 1963, and he became the leader of Réunion's Gaullist and right-wing forces opposed to the autonomy of Réunion demanded by the local Communist Party. Debré used his connections in Paris to promote the economic development of the island and bring its housing and infrastructure closer to metropolitan French level, which benefited Saint-Denis as capital of the island. In 1964,

11856-406: The city. Saint-Denis is the most populous commune in the French overseas departments . The population of St Denis has grown substantially since 1954, both in the commune and the metropolitan area. In the 67 years from 1954 to the census in 2021, population has more than tripled. The annual rate of population growth has been lower in the 21st century than in the 20th century. The places of birth of

12008-479: The coast line. The city has many neighbourhoods: Le Barachois, Bellepierre, Bois-de-Nèfles, La Bretagne (Le Cerf), Le Brûlé, Les Camélias, Centre-ville, Champ-Fleuri, La Montagne (Le Colorado, Ruisseau Blanc, Saint-Bernard), Montgaillard, La Providence, La Rivière Saint-Denis (La Redoute), Ruisseau des Noirs, Saint-François, Saint-Jacques, Sainte-Clotilde (Le Butor, le Chaudron, Commune Prima, Domenjod , Le Moufia), La Source, La Trinité, Vauban Saint-Denis features

12160-440: The colony to His Britannic Majesty. The French governor refused and the British started a blockade of the island. Eventually on 28 October the news arrived of Napoleon's 2nd abdication and Louis XVIII 's return to power, and the British fleet ended its blockade. In the 18th century, cultivation of coffee had ensured the development of Saint-Denis. Warehouses in Saint-Denis stored the coffee beans before their export to Europe from

12312-421: The consumer society and imported goods. In 1991, that social tension exploded after the authorities decided to close a TV station, Télé Free Dom  [ fr ] , which was broadcasting pirated B movies ( action films and erotic movies in particular) and Reunionese Creole talk shows, particularly popular among low-income people. Télé Free Dom had been broadcasting from its studios in Saint-Denis without

12464-585: The deadliest epidemics in the history of Réunion. In the 1860s, cane cultivation was affected by the Chilo sacchariphagus pest, and the recruiting of labourers in India also became more difficult (caps introduced by British authorities), which led to a crisis of Réunion's sugar cane industry. During the same period, the island was hit by several cyclones . Malaria also arrived in Réunion in 1868, three years after its arrival in Mauritius (both islands were malaria-free before

12616-414: The disease was discovered in town by isolating sick people, establishing a military cordon sanitaire , and evacuating the rest of the population from the city. As a result, cholera was contained within the city limits and killed only 178 people (whereas it spread all over Mauritius and killed thousands of people there). In 1841, the famous poet Charles Baudelaire , then 20 year-old, who had been sent on

12768-484: The dispersal of the unarmed anti-clerical crowd assembled on the square in front of the Saint-Denis city hall, and the troops opened fire, killing 9 people and injuring another 30 people. The next day, a state of siege was declared. The tragedy had nationwide repercussions in France in the dying days of the Second French Empire which opposed liberals and conservatives. On 3 November 1870, after ships had brought

12920-569: The editor-in-chief of the clerical newspaper La Malle was rumored to have sexually assaulted the son of a merchant from Saint-Denis. The rumor led to five days of anti-clerical riots in the city in November-December 1868, with crowds of up to 2,000 gathering in front of the bishop's palace, shouting "Down with La Malle ! Down with the Jesuits!", and ransacking the college (high school) of the Jesuits. On 3 December governor Marie Jules Dupré ordered

13072-590: The election, but the Communists accused the authorities of electoral fraud . This pushed Vergès to secede from the French Communist Party two months later and found the Communist Party of Réunion, which then campaigned for more autonomy from France. Yet in July 1959, Charles de Gaulle , president of France, received a warm welcome on his arrival to Saint-Denis, the first visit by a French head of state since

13224-405: The emergence of a consumer society : TV sets became ubiquitous, large hypermarkets appeared on the outskirts of the city as in metropolitan French cities, selling many products imported from metropolitan France, and the ownership of motor vehicles became generalized, leading to heavy traffic during rush hours in a city whose public transports were not developed. The high level of unemployment and

13376-533: The entire island during nearly 5 years. On 6 April 1815, after the Treaty of Paris , the British officially restored Bourbon Island to France during a ceremony held on the main square of Saint-Denis. Later in October 1815, as news of Napoleon 's return to France had arrived in the Indian Ocean, a British fleet from Mauritius presented itself in front of St Denis, asking the French governor of Bourbon Island to surrender

13528-457: The fatal shot with a gun belonging to his father found on the scene. Found guilty by the criminal court of Lyon (where the trial had been relocated in order to calm tensions in Réunion), he was granted amnesty in 1953 by the French government. In 1956 was begun the construction of a major road linking Saint-Denis and La Possession (and from there the seaport of Réunion and the western coast of

13680-541: The first royal college on Bourbon Island (later renamed Lycée de La Réunion in 1848, then transformed into a collège , i.e. middle school , in 1968). In 1825 a law school ( École de Jurisprudence ) granting the Bachelor of Laws was established in Saint-Denis. Construction of the Saint-Denis Cathedral was begun in 1829 and completed in 1832. The theatre of Saint-Denis was built in 1835 with loggias and balconies (it

13832-432: The foundation of the city. In 1961, the first modern hotel and the first supermarket opened in Saint-Denis. The city's (and more generally the island's) infrastructure, however, was still largely underdeveloped compared to metropolitan France , and many people lived in great poverty. In the countryside, people often resided in huts with bare earth floor, and the housing situation in the city was getting worse every year with

13984-476: The furthering of the group's success, and in spite of a consistent imbalance in the distribution of the workload, willingly offered this. Unfortunately, within the group, this level of input never received the respect and acknowledgement that it warrants. He continued to work on his personal project Recoil , releasing a fourth album ( Unsound Methods ) in 1997. Despite Gahan's increasingly severe personal problems, Gore tried repeatedly during 1995 and 1996 to get

14136-624: The group began pursuing a synth-pop direction. The first live concert of Composition of Sound as a four-piece was on 14 June 1980 at Nicholas School, Basildon, England, UK. There is a plaque commemorating the gig at the James Hornsby School in Basildon, where Gore and Fletcher were pupils. Gahan's and Gore's favourite artists included Siouxsie and the Banshees , Sparks , Cabaret Voltaire , Talking Heads and Iggy Pop . Gahan's onstage persona

14288-414: The high cost of living (in part due to imported goods from metropolitan France, as well as high salaries among the French state's public servants) generated frustration and social tensions among a significant part of the city's population with low incomes, who survived thanks to social benefits introduced after the transformation of Réunion into an overseas department in 1946, and who had difficult access to

14440-671: The interior of the island. On 28 November the Free French Naval Forces (FNFL) destroyer Léopard , sailing from Mauritius, arrived off Saint-Denis and landed troops unopposed. These troops captured the city and established a Free French governor. Governor Aubert surrendered to the Free French governor on 30 November, thus completing the Liberation of Réunion . All Vichy policies enacted under governor Aubert were reversed in late 1942 and in 1943. After World War II, Saint-Denis entered

14592-437: The island), bypassing the big lava flow which had always impeded communications between Saint-Denis and the western coast of the island. Only a slow railway line built in 1878–1881 in a tunnel under the lava flow and a narrow, winding road climbing the lava flow existed until then, which hindered the economic development of Saint-Denis. The new road, built at the bottom of the cliffs almost at sea-level, took 7 years to complete and

14744-399: The island, where a larger and more fertile plain was deemed more propitious for the development of settlements than the drier and more barren area of Saint-Paul on the western side of the island. Saint-Paul had been the site of Bourbon Island's first French settlement in 1663 due to the better anchorage and wind conditions of the western coast. The new settlement was named Saint-Denis after

14896-454: The labels play it; according to Dave Gahan, "most of them would tell us to fuck off. They'd say 'leave the tape with us' and we'd say 'it's our only one'. Then we'd say goodbye and go somewhere else." According to Gahan, prior to securing their record contract, they were receiving offers from all the major labels. Phonogram offered them "money you could never have imagined and all sorts of crazy things like clothes allowances". While playing

15048-404: The landing of ships in Réunion had prevented the disease from reaching the island. In 1859, however, a ship transporting indentured laborers from East Africa hid the cases of cholera on board from the Saint-Denis authorities and the ship was allowed to land. Cholera spread quickly and killed 863 people in the city (and 2,200 people in the entire island) in the space of two months and a half, one of

15200-418: The large projects of Le Chaudron built in the 1960s and 1970s. Hundreds of rioters threw stones at the police, and for several days they torched cars, looted and then set fire to banks, car dealerships, supermarkets, and large DIY and furniture stores in the retail parks on the outskirts of the city. Eight looters died on the night of 25–26 February 1991, trapped inside a burning furniture store, which led to

15352-402: The lengthening and modernization of Gillot Airport's runway. Saint-Denis's new modernist city hall was constructed in the 1970s. The city hosted the first Indian Ocean Island Games in 1979 (which it hosted again in 1998 and 2015). Economic development and rising incomes, thanks to financial transfers from metropolitan France, led after the 1960s to a Westernization of the local culture and

15504-453: The lycée of Saint-Denis, sons of rich planters, demonstrated against the director of the lycée, a declared republican. Unable to calm the protestors, commissioner Sarda Garriga was forced to call in the troops and close the lycée for more than a month. In 1853, the Banque de La Réunion  [ fr ] was founded in Saint-Denis with part of the compensation paid to Réunion's slave owners by

15656-421: The l’Orchestre de chambre national de Toulouse. The venue faced renovations after the explosion at the nearby AZF Factory . Over the years, the arena has hosted concerts by The Cranberries , Muse, Depeche Mode , Kylie Minogue , Norah Jones , Green Day , The Who and Snarky Puppy . It is the ninth incarnation of the "Le Zénith" franchise. The Zénith de Rouen (also known as Zénith de l'Agglo de Rouen )

15808-520: The more accurate translation of the magazine's name (and therefore the band's name) is "Fashion News" or "Fashion Update". The band made their recording debut in late 1980 for the Some Bizzare Album (released in 1981) with the song "Photographic", later re-recorded for their debut album Speak & Spell . The band made a demo tape but, instead of mailing the tape to record labels, they would go in and personally deliver it. They would demand

15960-464: The most famous synth-pop bands in the mid-'80s. Depeche Mode's musical style shifted slightly again in 1986 with the release of their fifteenth single, " Stripped ", and its accompanying album Black Celebration . Retaining their often imaginative sampling and beginning to move away from the "industrial pop" sound that had characterised their previous two LPs, the band introduced an ominous, highly atmospheric and textured sound. Gore's lyrics also took on

16112-760: The municipal council in February 1941. A Pétain Propaganda Committee was created in Saint-Denis in December 1941, as well as a Marshal Pétain Guard made up of 800 followers of the Révolution nationale . At the same time, an underground resistance movement started to organize itself. After the successful British landing in Vichy-held Madagascar , and faced with the impossibility to defend Réunion's coastline, governor Aubert on 27 September 1942 decided to declare Saint-Denis an open city and retreat to Hell-Bourg , in

16264-421: The name of a ship owned by one of governor Regnault's friends, which had landed in Réunion in 1668. Saint-Denis and Saint-Paul shared the role of colonial capital of Bourbon for some years, with the governor and colonial council staying alternatively in the two settlements, until Saint-Denis was chosen as the permanent location of Bourbon's colonial government in 1738. Soon after 1738, work was started to establish

16416-471: The neighboring commune of Sainte-Marie . In March 1946, the colony of Réunion was turned into an overseas department of France , which led to the gradual alignment of its social and public services with those of metropolitan France. Malaria eradication campaigns, started in Réunion in 1949 thanks to the new DDT insecticide, led to a dramatic decrease of malaria prevalence in the space of four years, and its complete eradication by 1967. Malaria had acted as

16568-529: The new grunge scene sweeping the US and was influenced by the likes of Jane's Addiction , Soundgarden , Alice in Chains and Nirvana . "There's so many sounds that are created from the voice that you wouldn't know were taken from the voice, like rhythm sounds. The number of times I've been sitting in the studio and said, 'I wish I could get a bass that would just go [mimics wet, thick hip-hop bass-drum sound].' Then I think, 'Why can't I just go [repeats noise] into

16720-509: The news of Napoleon III 's fall and proclamation of the French Republic in Paris, governor Louis Hippolyte de Lormel announced the proclamation of the French Republic in Saint-Denis. That same year, the first telegraph line in Réunion was established between Saint-Denis and the southern Réunionese subprefecture of Saint-Pierre , 110 kilometres (68 mi) in length. In December 1874, the Oudemans scientific mission sent by king William III of

16872-452: The now rapidly growing population. De Gaulle's prime minister Michel Debré , who had accompanied De Gaulle during his 1959 visit and witnessed the poverty and underdevelopment then prevalent in Réunion, feared that it would push the islanders towards asking independence from France, as had happened in the rest of Africa. After stepping down as prime minister in 1962 following the independence of French Algeria (to which he had been opposed), he

17024-455: The old harbor of Barachois in Saint-Denis. It was the third-longest tunnel in the world at the time. In 1891, the first streets in the centre of Saint-Denis started to be lit with electric lighting. In 1896, the first public screening with a movie projector of the Lumière brothers brought from Paris took place in the Saint-Denis city hall. In 1900 the first automobile arrived in Saint-Denis,

17176-568: The old harbor of Le Barachois was filled to create a large square in order to host a large colonial exhibition . On 10 April 1940 the last public execution in Réunion took place at dawn on that square at the Barachois: two men were guillotined for the savage murder of a 78 year-old female shopkeeper in 1937. In June 1940, after the Fall of France , governor Pierre Émile Aubert  [ fr ] decided to declare his loyalty to Marshal Pétain , unlike

17328-541: The peace when he held a loud party in his hotel room. Fletcher declined to participate in the second half of the Exotic Tour due to mental instability; he was replaced on stage by Daryl Bamonte , who had worked with the band as a personal assistant since the beginning of their career in 1980. In June 1995, Alan Wilder announced that he was leaving Depeche Mode, explaining: Since joining in 1982, I have continually striven to give total energy, enthusiasm and commitment to

17480-456: The people evacuated from the shanty towns, as well as provide housing for low-income newcomers to the city arriving from the countryside. Construction of these projects, capable of housing close to 10,000 people, lasted until 1973. In December 1964, the first TV station in Réunion opened in Saint-Denis, a local station of the national broadcaster ORTF (which has now become Réunion La Première  [ fr ] ), whose studios , located at

17632-432: The political and environmental subjects addressed on the previous album, the songs on Some Great Reward were mostly concerned with more personal themes such as sexual politics (" Master and Servant "), adulterous relationships ("Lie to Me"), and arbitrary divine justice (" Blasphemous Rumours "). Also included was the first Martin Gore ballad, " Somebody "—such songs would become a feature of all following albums. "Somebody"

17784-616: The port of Saint-Denis. In the 19th century, following France's loss of its largest sugar colonies of Saint-Domingue ( Haiti ) and the Isle of France ( Mauritius ) as a result of the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, sugarcane replaced coffee as the main crop in Bourbon, and sugar became the main export, again ensuring the development of Saint-Denis, from where sugar was exported to Europe. The prosperous period experienced by Saint-Denis after

17936-521: The single " People Are People ". The song became a hit, reaching No. 2 in Ireland and Poland, No. 4 in the UK and Switzerland, and No. 1 in West Germany – the first time a DM single topped a country's singles chart – where it was used as the theme to West German TV's coverage of the 1984 Olympics . Beyond this European success, the song also reached No. 13 on the US charts in mid-1985, the first appearance of

18088-597: The singles " Strangelove ", " Never Let Me Down Again " and " Behind the Wheel " proved to be disappointing in the UK, they performed well in countries such as Canada, Brazil, West Germany, South Africa, Sweden and Switzerland, often reaching the top 10. Record Mirror described Music for the Masses as "the most accomplished and sexy Mode album to date". The album also reached No. 35 on the US Billboard 200 chart. The Music for

18240-518: The venue host entertainment events, it is one of the few zéniths that serves as a sporting arena. The venue is the home arena of the Orléans Loiret Basket . The arena has hosted concerts by Grégoire , Julien Clerc , Patrick Fiori , Élie Semoun and Joan Baez. It is the eighth incarnation of the "Le Zénith" franchise. The Zénith de Toulouse is an indoor arena located in Toulouse . The venue

18392-462: The venue hosted a celebration festival that included a performance by American rock band Santana . Over the years, the arena has hosted concerts by Sylvie Vartan , Thomas Fersen , Franz Ferdinand , Moby and Joan Baez . It is the twelfth incarnation of the "Le Zénith" franchise. The Zénith de Nantes Métropole is an indoor arena in located in Nantes (in the suburb of Saint-Herblain ). The arena

18544-869: The venue was French singer-songwriter Renaud Séchan . Over the years, the venue has played host to many French artists including Jenifer , Jean-Jacques Goldman , Vanessa Paradis , Mr. Hankey , Johnny Hallyday , Alizée , and Michel Sardou . Several international artists have played the venue including Koffi Olomidé , Werrason , Janet Jackson , Suprême NTM , Sigur Rós , Pantera , Toto , Blur , Nas , Björk , Lara Fabian , Britney Spears , Christina Aguilera , Bruce Springsteen , Grateful Dead , Alicia Keys , Demi Lovato , Anastacia , Rihanna , Amy Winehouse , Korean K-pop group Super Junior , LOONA , Finnish band Nightwish , and Japanese band L'Arc-en-Ciel . Live albums by Simple Minds , The Cure , Muse , Evanescence , Morrissey , Les Cowboys Fringants , The Hives , Archive , and Chico Buarque have been recorded at

18696-598: The venue. The arena has hosted the MTV Europe Music Awards in 1995, World Wrestling Entertainment in 2007 and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling in 2010. It is the first incarnation of the "Le Zénith" franchise. Le Zénith Sud (originally known as Zénith de Montpellier ) is an indoor arena in Montpellier . The venue was designed by architects Phillippe Chaix and Jean-Paul Morel, who have designed several other "Le Zénith" buildings. The building opened in 1986 and

18848-460: Was Saint-Denis. The checkerboard plan of the city, established by land surveyor Jean-Baptiste Bancks (sometimes spelled Banck, of Irish Jacobite descent ), was officially adopted in 1777. In 1790, Saint-Denis became a commune . Its first mayor was Jean-Baptiste Delestrac. During the Napoleonic Wars , Saint-Denis was captured by British troops on 8 July 1810. The British occupied Saint-Denis and

19000-403: Was a long term project commissioned by former mayor of Lille, Pierre Mauroy . The space was intended to be a competitor for Paris' Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy to bring sporting events, theatrical shows and concerts from South England. The project began in 1980 however it was not completed until June 1994. The venue, designed by Rem Koolhaas , contains three auditoriums, 28 meetings rooms,

19152-501: Was actually forced to be in the band. I played the guitar and I had a bass; it was a question of them roping me in." In 1979, Clarke played guitar in an Ultravox -influenced band, the Plan, with friends Robert Marlow and Paul Langwith. In 1978–1979, Martin Gore played guitar in an acoustic duo, Norman and the Worms, with school friend Phil Burdett on vocals. In 1980, Clarke and Fletcher formed

19304-647: Was also a success, though the band's internal struggles during recording and touring resulted in Wilder's departure in 1995. The band returned to the lineup of Gahan, Gore, and Fletcher, and released the album Ultra in 1997. The band continued touring and recorded five more albums as a trio— Exciter (2001), Playing the Angel (2005), Sounds of the Universe (2009), Delta Machine (2013) and Spirit (2017)—until Fletcher's death in 2022. Gahan and Gore have since continued as

19456-631: Was also exiled to Réunion where he lived in Saint-Denis in the end of the 1890s and beginning of the 1900s. The deposed emperor of Vietnam Thành Thái and his son the emperor Duy Tân were both exiled to Réunion by French authorities in 1916 and they lived in Saint-Denis until World War II. The Moroccan rebel leader Abd el-Krim , founder of the Republic of the Rif , was also exiled to Réunion in 1926 after his surrender to French troops, and he lived in Saint-Denis until 1929, before moving to Les Trois-Bassins . In 1912,

19608-668: Was authorized by the governor of Réunion in 1898 after several requests from the Muslim inhabitants of the island, Indians originally from Gujarat arrived in Réunion in the 1850s. The first Hindu temple in Saint-Denis, the Tamil Kalikambal Temple  [ fr ] , was inaugurated in 1917. In 1897, queen Ranavalona III of Madagascar was deported to Saint-Denis, where she lived for two years before being deported to French Algeria . Sultan Said Ali bin Said Omar of Grande Comore

19760-495: Was built on the proposed site of the zenith. The Zénith Paris—La Villette is an indoor arena in the 19th arrondissement in Paris . The arena was built in 1983 at the site of the former music hall, Pavillon de Paris , by architects Phillippe Chaix and Jean-Paul Morel. The construction of the arena was initiated by Minister of Culture, Jack Lang , to maintain the rock and roll scene to Paris. The first musician to perform at

19912-472: Was designed by André and Serge Gresy, who have also done the Palais Nikaïa , Zénith d'Auvergne and the Grande Halle d'Auvergne. The arena began construction in 1998 and opened in April 1999. The first event held at the venue was a concert organized by Jean-Pierre Mader . The concert was hosted by French actor Ticky Holgado and featured performances by Chevaliers du fil, Pauline Ester , Bernardo Sandoval, and

20064-588: Was determined to prevent the same fate in Réunion, and decided to stand in the 1st constituency of Réunion by-election to the National Assembly in the beginning of 1963 (after the results of the 1962 French legislative election in that constituency, which the mayor of Saint-Denis Gabriel Macé had won, were invalidated by the Constitutional Council due to renewed electoral fraud). Michel Debré decisively defeated his Communist rival Paul Vergès when

20216-460: Was hired in early 1982, initially on a trial basis as a touring member. Wilder would later be called the "Musical Director" of the band, responsible for the band's sound until his departure in 1995. As producer Flood would say, "[Alan] is sort of the craftsman, Martin's the idea man and [Dave] is the attitude." In January 1982, the band released " See You ", their first single without Clarke, which managed to beat all three Clarke-penned singles in

20368-413: Was influenced by Dave Vanian , frontman of The Damned . Gahan has also later credited David Bowie, James Brown , Elvis Presley and Prince as influences on his performance style. Composition of Sound would become embarrassed about their band name and started thinking of changing it. There were several potential variants, including the name "Musical Moments" that was suggested by Vince Clarke as both

20520-446: Was laid on April 8, 2005. The building features a unique exterior feature that displays several douglas-fir surrounded in a polycarbonate shell. The venue opened on March 17, 2007, with a concert by Michel Polnareff . Since its opening, the arena has hosted events by Patrick Bruel , Pascal Obispo and Joan Baez. It is the fourteenth incarnation of the "Le Zénith" franchise. The Zénith de Strasbourg (also known as Zénith Europe )

20672-475: Was later destroyed by fire in 1919). That same year, construction of the Palais législatif ("Legislative Palace") was begun and completed in 1837: the palace housed the Colonial Council ( Conseil colonial ), the legislative assembly of Bourbon Island; the palace was later turned over in 1855 to the newly created Natural History Museum of La Réunion  [ fr ] , the first natural history museum in

20824-457: Was launched with advertisements placed in the personals columns of UK regional newspapers with the words "Your own personal Jesus." Later, the ads included a phone number one could dial to hear the song. The resulting furore helped propel the single to number 13 on the UK charts, becoming one of their biggest sellers to date. In the United States, it was their first gold single and their first Top 40 hit since "People Are People", eventually becoming

20976-597: Was leaving Depeche Mode. Soon afterwards, Clarke joined up with blues singer Alison Moyet to form Yazoo (or Yaz in the United States). Initial talk of Clarke's continuing to write material for Depeche Mode ultimately amounted to nothing. According to third-party sources, Clarke offered the remaining members of Depeche Mode the track " Only You ", but they declined. Clarke, however, denied in an interview that such an offer ever took place saying, "I don't know where that came from. That's not true." The song went on to become

21128-546: Was marked by political violence in Réunion, opposing Communist militants and the Christian-democratic Popular Republican Movement (MRP), which had both emerged from the underground resistance during Vichy rule over the island (1940–1942). On 25 May 1946, in the heat of the campaign, Communist and MRP militants confronted each other in the city center of Saint-Denis, and Alexis de Villeneuve  [ fr ] , Gaullist and MRP leader, who

21280-506: Was opened to traffic in 1963. It was later enlarged as a 4-lane expressway between 1973 and 1976. In 1957, a large modern hospital was opened in Saint-Denis, the Centre hospitalier Félix-Guyon  [ fr ] , one of the results of the transformation of the colony into an overseas department in 1946. The 1959 French municipal elections were once again marked by political violence in Réunion. In Saint-Denis, on election day (15 March 1959),

21432-467: Was released as a double A-side with "Blasphemous Rumours", and was the first single with Gore on lead vocal. Some Great Reward became the first Depeche Mode album to enter the US album charts, and made the Top 10 in several European countries. The World We Live In and Live in Hamburg was the band's first video release, almost an entire concert from their 1984 Some Great Reward Tour.{{cn}} In July 1985,

21584-613: Was released in 1998, preceded by the new single " Only When I Lose Myself ". In April 1998, Depeche Mode held a press conference at the Hyatt Hotel in Cologne to announce the Singles Tour. The tour was the first to feature two backing musicians in place of Wilder—Austrian drummer Christian Eigner and British keyboardist Peter Gordeno . In 2001, Depeche Mode released Exciter , produced by Mark Bell (of techno group LFO ). Bell introduced

21736-634: Was released in April 1997. The album debuted at No. 1 in the UK as well as Germany, and No. 5 in the US. The band did not tour in support of the album, with Fletcher quoted as saying: "We're not fit enough. Dave's only eight months into his sobriety, and our bodies are telling us to spend time with our families." As part of the promotion for the release of the album, they did perform two short concerts in London and Los Angeles, promoted as "Ultra Parties". Ultra spawned two further singles, " Home " and " Useless ". A second singles compilation, The Singles 86>98 ,

21888-626: Was released in December 1993. The tour continued into 1994 with the Exotic Tour , which began in February 1994 in South Africa, and ended in April in Mexico. The final leg of the tour, consisting of more North American dates, followed shortly thereafter and ran until July. As a whole, the Devotional Tour is to date the longest and most geographically diverse Depeche Mode tour, spanning fourteen months and 159 individual performances. Q magazine described

22040-401: Was released in October 1981 and peaked at number ten on the UK album charts. Critical reviews were mixed; Melody Maker described it as a "great album … one they had to make to conquer fresh audiences and please the fans who just can't get enough", while Rolling Stone was more critical, calling the album " PG -rated fluff". Clarke began to voice his discomfort at the direction the band

22192-702: Was released that September, and the following month the band began their 1982 tour. A non-album single, " Get the Balance Right! ", was released in January 1983, the first Depeche Mode track to be recorded with Wilder, now an official member of the band. For their third album, Construction Time Again , Depeche Mode worked with producer Gareth Jones , at John Foxx 's Garden Studios and at Hansa Studios in West Berlin (where much of David Bowie 's seminal Berlin Trilogy featuring Brian Eno had been produced). The album saw

22344-617: Was renovated in 2001 and 2006. It was the main arena in Montpellier until the Arena Montpellier opened in 2010. Over the course of 25 years, the arena has hosted concerts by Ben Harper , Muse, -M- , Yannick Noah and Deep Purple . It is the second incarnation of the "Le Zénith" franchise. The Zénith Oméga de Toulon (also known as Zénith Omega ) is an indoor arena located in Toulon . The arena opened September 7, 1992. The venue also has

22496-516: Was returning from a trip to Europe where he had been celebrated in Paris and Rome for his work in favor of Black slaves, triggered two days of protests in Saint-Denis among the White colonists, who insulted the Apostolic Vice-Prefect without governor Joseph Graëb  [ fr ] intervening to stop the turmoil. Due to strong opposition, and without any local support, Father Monnet, nicknamed

22648-468: Was running in the 1st constituency of Réunion (the one including Saint-Denis), where he faced Raymond Vergès , a local Communist leader elected the year before mayor of Saint-Denis, was shot and killed in the mêlée. Paul Vergès , son of Raymond Vergès, and future founder of the Communist Party of Réunion (with which he led the regional council of Réunion from 1998 to 2010), was accused of having fired

22800-424: Was stalled an additional eight months due to financing. The arena conveys a smiler design to Zénith de Strasbourg, completed only seven months earlier. It opened on September 27, 2008, with a free concert by Arno Elias , Rokia Traoré and Keziah Jones . Artists to have played the venue include Marc Anthony , Lara Fabian , Christophe Maé, Nicolas Canteloup and Pascal Obispo It is the sixteenth incarnation of

22952-403: Was taking, saying "there was never enough time to do anything. Not with all the interviews and photo sessions". Clarke also said he was sick of touring, which Gahan said years later was "bullshit to be quite honest". Gahan went on to say he "suddenly lost interest in it and he started getting letters from fans asking what kind of socks he wore." In November 1981, Clarke publicly announced that he

23104-525: Was the 101st and final performance of the tour. On 7 September 1988, Depeche Mode performed "Strangelove" at the 1988 MTV Video Music Awards at the Universal Amphitheatre in Los Angeles. In mid-1989, the band began recording in Milan with producer Flood and engineer François Kevorkian . The initial result of this session was the single " Personal Jesus ". Prior to its release, a marketing campaign

#821178