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48-546: It is located in Kokang Self-Administered Zone according to the Constitution of Myanmar (2008). The district contains the following townships : This Myanmar location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kokang Self-Administered Zone The Kokang Self-Administered Zone ( Burmese : ကိုးကန့် ကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရ ဒေသ , Chinese : 果敢自治区 ), as stipulated by

96-597: A joint statement declaring the start of Operation 1027 on 27 October 2023. The alliance had the combined capability to draw on 15,000 troops. The statement detailed the primary objectives of the operation, being to: At 4:00 am, the MNDAA attacked military bases in Kokang and reported that junta forces had been killed and some captured along with their weapons. Reports indicated that the TNLA captured junta's 13 Mile Camp and Microweave Camp on

144-617: A military counteraction. Due to the corruption within the Tatmadaw and the lack of their control on the borderland, many armed groups on both sides began in the fields of mining and trade, but moved towards more illicit business over time, like gambling and cyber-scamming , in which the latter gained the most attention. The cyber-scamming industry has particularly plagued Myanmar since the February 2021 coup . The military junta has worked with Chinese criminal gangs to traffic over 120,000 people into

192-683: A siege on Nawngkhio, blocking junta troops from all of northern Shan. Peng Hseng , a border town east of Muse , also came under alliance control. Rebel forces occupied Kawlin's police station on 3 November after simultaneous attacks on at least 10 junta positions in eight townships across Sagaing and Magwe regions as part of the operation. The NUG Ministry of Defense said that at least six junta camps and police stations had been seized by rebel forces in northern Sagaing in Kawlin, Kantbalu, Kyunhla, Wuntho, Kalewa, Kale, Homalin and Tamu townships. By 4 November 106 junta bases and four towns has been captured by

240-487: A significant disturbance to Myanmar's neighbor China in particular, from where individuals have been led to Myanmar under false pretenses and then forced into fraud factories. As a result, China has exerted pressure on the regime to end the practice, and had been actively working with the Three Brotherhood Alliance to extricate individuals with pending Chinese warrants. According to an emergency meeting of

288-638: A township bordering northwestern Shan State in Sagaing Region . The AA claimed multiple junta casualties after clashes south of Mt. Mawkun. Nine rebel groups raided a military checkpoint on the Taungtha-Myingyan road in the Taungtha Township . The groups used drones to bomb the base before their assault, and claimed to have killed 20 junta troops. Other rebels ambushed a junta convoy bringing reinforcements, but were forced to withdraw. A child and

336-681: A woman were killed and at least 5 others were injured due to an artillery strike on Namphatka village in Kutkai Township . According to rebel sources, the MNDAA ambushed junta soldiers coming from Hopang and seized three junta outposts — two of them near the China-Myanmar border in the town of Mong Ko . They also claimed to have defeated paratroopers dropped near Chinshwehaw and captured paradropped weaponry. The TNLA claimed to have seized three outposts in Namhkam Township and two outposts in

384-655: Is an ongoing military offensive conducted by the Three Brotherhood Alliance , a military coalition composed of three ethnic armed organisations in Myanmar : the Arakan Army (AA), Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), and Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA), allied with other rebel forces in the country, against the Tatmadaw , Myanmar's ruling military junta. The joint rebel forces launched simultaneous attacks on multiple targets in northern Shan State , targeting

432-596: The 2008 Constitution of Myanmar , is a former De facto self-administered zone in northern Shan State . The zone is intended to be self-administered by the Kokang people . Its official name was announced by decree on 20 August 2010. It is recognized as illegal by the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA). During the 1960s, the Burmese Communist Party controlled large areas of Kokang, but as it began to disintegrate in

480-704: The Karenni Nationalities Defence Force launched Operation 1107 in support of Operation 1027, capturing three junta bases in Maesae Township within the day. It was the first skirmish to happen in the region since the start of the operation. Junta chief Min Aung Hlaing called up all military reservists to prepare for military operations after the high losses experienced in the fighting. Military doctors still studying for degrees have also been called to front-line combat. The TNLA gained control of

528-656: The Kokang Chinese ethnicity. The other two members of the group are the Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA), which operates in Shan State , and the Arakan Army that operates in Rakhine State . During Myanmar's conflict, the military has struggled to enforce its power over ethnic minority regions, as it mainly recruits from the Bamar majority population who are mostly unfamiliar with

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576-892: The Myanmar Army , the Myanmar Police Force , and other military installations along the border with China. The Brotherhood Alliance successfully took control of the strategically important Kokang Self-Administered Zone (SAZ) following their decisive victory in the Battle of Laukkai . The offensive has sparked rebel offensives outside Shan State and across the country, including the Rakhine Offensive in Rakhine State , Operations 1107 and 1111 in Kayah State , and other offensives in Sagaing Region and Chin State . Resistance forces across

624-557: The 129th Infantry Battalion stationed in Laukkai surrendered to the MNDAA within the city. China issued arrest warrants for junta-aligned Ming Xuechang and three other Ming family members for their involvement in online scamming operations . According to The Diplomat , this move signals China's "tacit support for the removal of the Kokang SAZ 's leadership". The MNDAA was able to capture more Ukrainian-made armored vehicles. The mansion of

672-402: The 1980s, Pheung Kya-shin (Peng Jiasheng) established the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA). In 1989, he negotiated a ceasefire with the military and was given some autonomy over the area. After the ceasefire, the area controlled by MNDAA became Myanmar's " Shan State Special Region No. 1 " ( Chinese : 缅甸掸邦第一特区 ; Burmese : မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်အထူးဒေသ (၁) ). Pheung

720-547: The Burmese Armed Forces. The Leading Body performs both executive and legislative functions and is led by a Chairperson. The Leading Body has competence in ten areas of policy, including urban and rural development, road construction and maintenance, and public health. Bai Xuoqian was elected as an MP of the Amyotha Hluttaw representing Laukkai Constituency No. 2. during the 2010 general election , and became

768-742: The German news agency Deutsche Presse-Agentur reported that about 20 soldiers were killed in an attack on one of the customs offices in Chinshwehaw. A member of Luakkiang's police force reported that 17 police officers were killed after the MNDAA attacked checkpoints. The Bamar People's Liberation Army (BPLA) stated it was involved in the operation alongside the Brotherhood Alliance, which has been training BPLA fighters. The AA engaged in multiple skirmishes with junta forces in Htigyaing Township ,

816-600: The Hopaik Toll Gate, which saw fighting on the 27th, returned to normal on the 28th. Fighting, however, continued to occur further away from Mandalay towards Kyaukme, Hsenwi, and Kutkai. Clashes in Htigyaing Township continued into 29 October with the junta dispatching air force planes to engage in the area. A TNLA-led force, alongside Mandalay PDF forces, attacked a junta camp in Kyaukkyan village, three miles from

864-580: The Hsenwi General Administration Department office. The Brotherhood Alliance further claimed to have captured junta forces in Mongli village, Hsenwi Township, and to have surrounded Nawnghkio Township. By the end of 30 October, the Brotherhood Alliance claimed to have captured a total of 67 army outposts and taken 34 junta personnel as prisoners. The rebel forces were also able to capture two Ukrainian-made MT-LBMSh armored vehicles from

912-507: The Junta arrested around 200 foreign workers to use as human shields at the front line of Laukkai . By 2 November 92 junta bases and four towns had been captured by the Brotherhood Alliance and its allies. It was also reported that 14 civilians had been killed by junta shelling and airstrikes since the start of the operation. The Alliance claimed to be in "complete control" of both Chinshwehaw and Hsenwi. The Three Brotherhood Alliance also imposed

960-468: The Junta. Four WMA301 105mm fire support vehicles were also destroyed by rebel groups in several days' fighting. The TNLA and MDY-PDF were also able to capture areas around the town of Nawnghkio . A spokesperson for the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) stated that the group was collaborating with the Brotherhood Alliance as part of the operation, and reaffirmed their shared goal of toppling

1008-576: The Lashio area. Junta spokespeople acknowledged losing certain outposts and expressed their desire for peace and stability. About 600 IDPs from Lashio were displaced by heavy weapons and gunfire through the 27th and 28th. Clashes disrupted roads and villages near Lashio, including the Hopaik toll gate on the Lashio-Muse Highway. However, Lashio itself remained mostly untouched. The Mandalay-Lashio road and

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1056-500: The Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army, a rebel group. The curfew was extended on 9 September 2019. A coup d'état took place on 1 February 2021, resulting in a military junta taking control of the country and triggering a civil war . In October 2023, anti-junta forces launched a military operation in northern Myanmar. On 28 December it was reported that "most" of the regional capital, Laukkai ,

1104-496: The Myanmar military found its resources increasingly strained by late 2023. On 9 October 2023, the military attacked Mung Lai Hkyet base, three kilometers north of Laiza, the headquarters of the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), a close ally of the Brotherhood Alliance. KIA Lieutenant General Gun Maw stated in an interview that the conflict had been brought to the KIA's doorstep, necessitating

1152-462: The Myanmar police, and the Myanmar government claimed that he died by suicide. According to The Diplomat , this move signals China's "tacit support for the removal of the Kokang SAZ's leadership". As stipulated by the 2008 constitution, Kokang Self-Administered Zone consists of two townships: Konkyan and Laukkaing , both townships are administratively part of Laukkaing District . However,

1200-868: The Namhkam-Namphatka Road in Namhkam Township . The MNDAA reportedly had seized control of the town of Chinshwehaw and blocked the Lashio-Muse Highway and Lashio-Chin Shwe Haw Road to prevent the regime from bringing reinforcements along these routes. The regime responded with aerial bombardments and heavy shelling. The SAC's spokesperson Major General Zaw Min Tun confirmed that fighting had occurred near Hsenwi and some security police stations and militia stations were destroyed. He also admitted that some security forces personnel were killed and injured, but did not provide an exact number. According to Al Jazeera ,

1248-529: The National Defense and Security council, the junta leader Min Aung Hlaing noted that long-standing tensions and scam call centers along the border were exacerbated by Chinese investment. On 20 October 2023, a rescue attempt  [ zh ] by prisoners at a cyber-scamming facility in Laukkai within the Kokang SAZ resulted in a massacre in which fleeing prisoners were killed by guards. The facility and

1296-581: The PDF engaged the junta in a battle in which 10 Tatmadaw soldiers were killed, and 50 weapons were seized by the rebels. The same day, the Junta summoned all its reserves into action. A junta group consisting of about 200 combatants were attacked on their way to Kawlin by local PDF forces on 10 November. The battle lasted for about three hours. The PDF claimed that they had seized about 50 firearms. The MNDAA skirmished with junta forces in Kunlong . A combined force of

1344-561: The PDF forces on the morning of 7 November. KIA and Chin National Defense Force (CNDF) forces also participated in the assault. The city of Mong Ko along the China-Myanmar border was captured by the MNDAA. Mongko base, one of the most important bases in Northern Shan State , was also captured by the MNDAA. They captured ammunition and other military equipment, including an armored car. In southeastern Kayah State ,

1392-477: The PDF, KIA , AA , and ABSDF continued to assault Htigyaing . The junta forces received support from aircraft bombing the town. On 11 November, it was reported that more than 300 junta soldiers and allied junta-aligned militia members had surrendered to rebel forces since the beginning of the operation. The TNLA attacked a Kyinti military base on a bridge near Hsipaw in the morning of 12 November and had completely captured it by 5:30 AM. Military bases on

1440-693: The SAC temporarily replaced Myint Swe by Brigadier General Tun Tun Myint and put out a warrant for former Kokang SAZ chairman, Bai Xuoqian. Tun Tun Myint was previously the commander in charge of northern Shan State operations. The move is understood to be in anticipation of Operation 1027 moving towards Laukkai. A few days earlier, China had issued arrest warrants for junta-aligned cybercrime ringleader Ming Xuechang and three other family members for their involvement in online scamming operations . On 16 November 2023, three Ming family members were arrested and handed over to China. Ming Xuechang died while being arrested by

1488-797: The Self-Administered Zone is de facto divided into two townships, two subtownships and one area: 23°44′31″N 98°34′49″E  /  23.74194°N 98.58028°E  / 23.74194; 98.58028 Operation 1027 Ongoing [REDACTED] State Administration Council [REDACTED] Colonel Sai Su [REDACTED] Major Sai Hpone Han [REDACTED]   Tatmadaw Three Brotherhood Alliance: Other anti-junta forces: Bombings and attacks Coup d'états Protests Anti-Muslim violence Related topics Operation 1027 ( Burmese : ၁၀၂၇ စစ်ဆင်ရေး ; MLCTS : 1027 Cachcangre: , Burmese pronunciation: [tə.sʰɛ̀ n̥ə.sʰɛ̼.θóʊɴ sɪʔ.sʰɪɴ.jè] )

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1536-731: The anti-junta alliance in the states of Shan and Kachin. Myanmar's junta launched several airstrikes in Kawlin , Sagaing Region, as rebel forces attacked regime strongholds, according to residents. The KIA , AA and ABSDF are fighting alongside PDF and LPDF forces in the Sagaing-Magway front as part of the operation. During the conflict, a shell landed on the Chinese border, causing the death of one Chinese citizen and multiple injuries to others. After assaulting Kawlin for three days, KIA , AA and PDF combined forces were finally able to capture

1584-475: The base to rebel forces in the morning. Heavy weapon firing and aerial attacks continued in the area, including strikes targeted towards Laiza , the headquarters of the KIA. During the attack, the commander of the junta's 387th battalion was killed. The Tatmadaw's 71st Infantry Battalion reportedly arrested around 20 refugees to use as human shields and allegedly mutilated seven of them in Tabayin . On 1 November,

1632-554: The country captured scores of towns, with the Brotherhood Alliance claiming by 28 November 2023 to have captured over 220 junta positions. The exiled civilian government of Myanmar, the National Unity Government , declared its support for the military offensive, and its armed wing, the People's Defense Force (PDF), has participated in military operations against regime forces. The surprise offensive's series of victories against

1680-694: The country. These fraud factories have earned billions of dollars in revenue for the junta and the gangs that operate them. Criminal gangs have trafficked Chinese nationals and others including as Indian, Cambodian, Vietnamese, Thai, Malaysian, Tajik, Filipino and Kyrgyz people through various other Southeast Asian and Central Asian gangs. In Northern Myanmar, they were forced to work in inhumane and degrading conditions. According to Vietnamese charity organization Blue Dragon , trafficking victims were forced to work in scamming operations. They were held against their will and forced to sell their organs if they failed to meet quotas. The cyber-scamming militias have been

1728-567: The first head of the Kokang SAZ. Under his rule, the region became known for drugs and weapons trafficking. Bai was not very popular and survived an assassination attempt in March 2012. On 3 February 2021, shortly after the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état , the State Administration Council (SAC) appointed Myint Swe, a former Union Solidarity and Development Party lawmaker as the chairman of the Kokang SAZ. In 2023, during Operation 1027 ,

1776-430: The language and landscapes of ethnic areas. To compensate, it has made deals with some local militias in which the militias agree to be subordinated as Border Guard Forces (BGFs), but have retain large amounts of autonomy. In exchange for following the military's orders "to some extent", the leadership of these groups are able to run businesses. Following two years of persistent efforts across various regions of Myanmar,

1824-619: The last remaining Tatmadaw base in Namhkam , killing 13 junta soldiers while capturing 3 others as well as 30 pieces of ammunition. The junta lost control of the city of Kunlong . Junta forces attacked a camp manned by TNLA and MDY-PDF forces near Ommkha village near Nawnghkio with three armored cars. One of the armored cars was destroyed and captured by TNLA/MDY-PDF forces and the two remaining armored cars retreated. The KIA also captured three military bases in Hpakant Township . In Kalewa ,

1872-722: The military junta. The Alliance also announced that they were cooperating with the KIA in the battles in Sagaing. At around 5 am, joint KIA and AA forces attacked Maliyan camp near the Kantawyang  [ my ] junta base on the Myitkyina - Bhamo road in Waingmaw Township . The battle involved airstrikes from the Myanmar Air Force which reportedly destroyed six houses after attacks aimed towards Aungja. The junta lost control of

1920-565: The military regime have led observers to call it "by far the most difficult moment" for the regime "since the early days of the coup ." The regime has been unable to effectively respond to the wave of losses it has suffered, resorting to indiscriminate shelling and airstrikes to retaliate. The sides agreed to a ceasefire in December, but the agreement quickly collapsed. The sides agreed to another China-brokered ceasefire for northern Shan State on January 11, but following skirmishes and allegations that

1968-489: The paramilitary forces were under the control of cybercrime ringleader and former pro-military member of parliament Ming Xuechang  [ zh ] . Reports allege that upwards of 80 people were killed, and that four undercover Chinese police officers had been buried alive. This incident has been credited with forcing China to tacitly allow anti-junta forces to begin Operation 1027. The Three Brotherhood Alliance released

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2016-517: The regime had conducted airstrikes in violation of the ceasefire's terms, the ceasefire broke down in June as rebel forces resumed offensive actions. The major rebel coalition that has fought during Operation 1027 is the Three Brotherhood Alliance , which is composed of three established anti-government ethnic armed organizations (EAOs). One of these is the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), an ethnic armed organization whose members are of

2064-945: The town of Nawnghkio . The junta retreated from the camp, moving towards a missile site on the Nawnghkio-Yetsawk road. At the same time, another rebel contingent attacked and captured junta personnel on the Goktwin Bridge on the Nawnghkio-Kyaukme road near the Goteik viaduct cutting off access along the Mandalay-Muse Union Highway. Other TNLA and PDF groups attacked a military unit near Ahtet Nyaung Kone, in Mogok Township . Five clashes continued through northern Shan State, including at an outpost in Hsenwi Township and

2112-563: The town. Namhkam was also taken by the TNLA . Only one junta base remains on a hill about two miles from the town. AA and MNDAA forces were also able to seize Panlong base in Kunlong Township . Brigadier General Aung Kyaw Lwin, commander of the 99th Infantry Division, was killed in the battle. It's also reported that the Junta launched daily artillery strikes and air strikes on the city of Laiza as retaliation for its massive losses. It

2160-644: The western bank of the Salween River in Kunlong were taken by the MNDAA and both sides of the town came under its control. Equipment seized by the group included two D-30 howitzers, one 122mm MAM-01 MRLS, one 240mm MAM-02 MRLS, one BTR-3U armoured vehicle, one EE-9 armoured vehicle, one MT-LB armoured vehicle and several mortars. The military regime imposed martial law in Kunlong, Kutkai, Muse, Namhkan, Hsenwi, Lashio, Laukkai and Konkyan. The same day, 127 junta soldiers from

2208-606: Was known unofficially as the 'King of Kokang' and he and the MNDAA had been involved in the drug industry since the 1970s in Kokang, where he trafficked heroin and later methamphetamine. However, Pheung later shifted the area's industry away from drugs and towards gambling. Peng lost control in 2009 in the Kokang incident . On 17 February 2015, Myanmar president Thein Sein declared a state of emergency three-month period of martial law in Kokang in response to fighting between government troops and

2256-425: Was now under MNDAA control, with junta forces largely abandoning the city. The MNDAA gained full control of Laukkai following a mass surrender of the last junta forces in the city on 5 January 2024. The Kokang Self-Administered Zone (Kokang SAZ) is administered by a Leading Body, which consists of at least ten members and includes Shan State Hluttaw (Assembly) members elected from the Zone and members nominated by

2304-403: Was reported that more than 20 civilians, including 3 children, had been killed by junta airstrikes and shelling since the beginning of the operation. The town of Khampat in Sagaing Region was taken by the PDF . The battle for the town started on 4 November. In three days, all the police stations and military camps were captured by the rebel forces. The town came under the complete control of

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