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27-515: The city was probably a Roman post station ( Mansio Apicilia ) on the Via Annia which connected Concordia to Aquileia . The city is first mentioned in 1072, and became an important river port in the 12 and 13th centuries, especially known for salt trade, under the counts of Gorizia . In the 12th century it became an autonomous commune, annexed by the Republic of Venice in 1420. The trade declined in

54-519: A marsh reversed the natural evolution of the Lagoon. Pumping of aquifers since the nineteenth century has increased subsidence . Many of the Lagoon's islands had originally been marshy, but a gradual drainage programme rendered them habitable. Many of the smaller islands are entirely artificial, while some areas around the seaport of the Mestre are also reclaimed islands. The remaining islands—-including those of

81-486: A now extinct tract Canalat or Old Piavon River can be seen south of Ceggia . Further east the road crossed the River Livenza at Santa Anastasia where the ruins of a bridge became visible in the last century. To reach Iulia Concordia, the road had to cross a marsh as the town at the time was an island in this marsh at the northern extremity o the Lagoon of Caorle. The road needed frequent maintenance because of flooding,

108-585: A surface area of around 160 square kilometres (62 square miles), is the northernmost lagoon in the Adriatic Sea and is sometimes called the "twin sister of the Venice lagoon". The Lagoon of Venice is the most important survivor of a system of estuarine lagoons that in Roman times extended from Ravenna north to Trieste . In the fifth and sixth centuries, the Lagoon gave security to Romanised people fleeing invaders (mostly

135-461: A trading town with an important fluvial port and which connected eastern Venetia with Istria , Iulia Emona (modern Ljubljana ) and Noricum . The mansiones between Patavium and Altinum could be reached through a route along the River Brenta. According to some scholars it was along the right bank, while others think that it was along the left bank. This disagreement is due to differences in

162-563: Is based on archaeological traces and the Agna toponym . However, the Atria -to- Patavium tract is not mentioned in the 3rd and 4th century Roman itineraries , perhaps because its importance was a secondary one. Three itineraries indicate the staging posts ( mansiones , plural of mansio ) between Patavium and Aquileia. After Patavium the road reached the mansio of Ad Duodecimum , which has been identified with Sambruson del Dolo and then followed

189-555: Is the largest wetland in the Mediterranean Basin . It is connected to the Adriatic Sea by three inlets : Lido , Malamocco and Chioggia . Situated at one end of a largely enclosed sea, the lagoon is subject to large variations in its water level. The most extreme are the spring tides known as the acqua alta (Italian for "high water"), which regularly flood much of Venice. The nearby Marano-Grado Lagoon , with

216-636: The Huns and the Lombards ). Later, it provided naturally protected conditions for the growth of the Venetian Republic and its maritime empire . It still provides a base for a seaport , the Venetian Arsenal , and for fishing , as well as a limited amount of hunting and the newer industry of fish farming . The Lagoon was formed about six to seven thousand years ago, when the marine transgression following

243-510: The Ice Age flooded the upper Adriatic coastal plain. Deposition of river sediments compensated for the sinking coastal plain, and coastwise drift from the mouth of the Po tended to form sandbars that closed tidal inlets. The present aspect of the Lagoon is the result of human intervention. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Venetian hydraulic projects designed to prevent the lagoon from turning into

270-508: The Via Postumia . The Itinerarium Burdigalense indicated two staging posts after this town, mutatio Apicilia and Ad Undecimu . Some military milestones with inscriptions which referred to the Via Annia have been found along this tract. The Road ended at Aquileia, which originated as a fortress town to defend northern Italy from invasions from the northeast and the east. and developed into

297-632: The 6th century CE to defend the eastern boundary of the Empire. Their names were recorded on five milestones found along the Musile di Piave – Ceggia tract, to the east of Altinum, which crossed an ancient branch of the River Piave . The foundations of a three-arched-Roman bridge can still be seen where the road crossed an ancient branch of the Piave. Two piers and a number of three-arched sandstone bridgeheads that crossed

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324-667: The English name for an enclosed, shallow embayment of salt water: a lagoon . The Venetian Lagoon stretches from the River Sile in the north to the Brenta in the south, with a surface area of around 550 square kilometres (212 square miles). It is around 8% land, including Venice itself and many smaller islands. About 11% is permanently covered by open water, or canals , as the network of dredged channels are called, while around 80% consists of mud flats , tidal shallows and salt marshes . The Lagoon

351-535: The Grassaga canal and was discovered in 1922. Another passed over the former riverbed of the Bidoggia. Some sections of the road never fell out of use. Others became so thoroughly lost they have only been precisely identified with the development of aerial photography . One such stretch of the Via Annia is that passing through San Donà di Piave . The road was abandoned because of the accumulation of alluvial deposits and

378-496: The Venice Lagoon was harmed by a reduction in nutrient inputs and by macroalgal biomasses caused by climate change , and by changes in the concentration and distribution of nitrogen , organic phosphorus and organic carbon in the upper sediments. At the same time, however, the seagrasses started a natural process of recolonization, helping to partially restore the pristine conditions of the marine ecosystem. The Venice Lagoon

405-448: The coastal lagoons. It linked Atria (modern Adria ) to Aquileia , passing through Patavium (modern Padua ). Then it got to the mainland coast of the Lagoon of Venice near today's Mestre and passed through Altinum . After this, it went through Iulia Concordia (modern Concordia Sagittaria ), which was further inland. It was paved only through the main towns. The rest was gravelled. It

432-535: The coastal strip ( Lido , Pellestrina and Treporti )—-are essentially dunes . Venice Lagoon has been inhabited from the most ancient times, but it was only during and after the fall of the Western Roman Empire that people coming from the Venetian mainland settled in numbers large enough to found the city of Venice . Today, the main cities inside the lagoon are Venice (at the centre of it) and Chioggia (at

459-455: The construction of the road to one or the other informs what conjecture is chosen for its southern end, Bononia (modern Bologna ) for the former or Atria (modern Adria ) for the latter. The second hypothesis maintains that the road was an extension of the Via Popilia (which connected Ariminum (modern Rimini ) to Atria , linking it to Aquileia via Patavium and Altinum. This conjecture

486-451: The distances given between Padua and Altino along the Via Annia. Four milestones have been found in this tract of the road. They were set up by emperors over time, long after the road was built. More have been found in Stanga, in the outskirts of Padua, Sambruson, just before the Lagoon of Venice, Campalto, by the lagoon, and near Altinum. Many emperors and their armies travelled along this road in

513-606: The expansion of marshes covered the road in various tracts and because of a population decrease in the area due to the Barbarian invasions. Lagoon of Venice The Venetian Lagoon ( Italian : Laguna di Venezia ; Venetian : Łaguna de Venesia ) is an enclosed bay of the Adriatic Sea , in northern Italy , in which the city of Venice is situated. Its name in the Italian and Venetian languages , Laguna Veneta (cognate of Latin lacus ' lake ' ), has provided

540-645: The lagoon, possibly for feeding. The level of pollution in the lagoon has long been a concern The large phytoplankton and macroalgae blooms in the late 1980s proved particularly devastating. Researchers have identified the lagoon as one of the primary areas where non-indigenous species are introduced into the Mediterranean Sea . Cruise ships crossing the Venetian Lagoon have contributed to air pollution, surface-water pollution, decreased water quality, erosion, and loss of landscape. From 1987 to 2003,

567-562: The late years of the Republic of Venice, and the city was acquired by the Austrian Empire with the Treaty of Campo Formio (1797). In 1814 it became part of the client Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia and, in 1866, of the newly formed Kingdom of Italy . During the 20th century wars it suffered heavy damage, especially in the bombing of 19 May 1944 that destroyed the historical centre. Further damage

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594-618: The left has a Holy Family with Saints by Giovan Battista Grassi (1568). This article on a location in Friuli-Venezia Giulia is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Via Annia The Via Annia was the Roman road in Venetia in north-eastern Italy. It run on the low plains of the lower River Po and of the lower Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia regions, an area which had many rivers and large marsh areas and bordered

621-584: The mainland coast of the Lagoon of Venice with the mansiones of Ad Duodecimum , Ad Portum and Ad Nonum . The road then reached the port town of Altinum, where there was a branch of the Via Claudia Augusta , which crossed the Alps and reached the limes on the River Danube in southern Germany . It then continued in parallel with the coastline and passed through Iulia Concordia where it intersected

648-399: The marshy environments and the ever–changing coastal hydrography . The stretch from Porto Menai, Altinum and to south of Musile di Piave was on raised land because the area was prone to floods. The road was on causeways raised above the level of the marshes through stretches of marshland in the lower valley of the Po . The abutments of several stone bridges have been found. One passed over

675-471: The southern inlet); Lido di Venezia and Pellestrina are inhabited as well, but they are considered part of Venice. However, most of the inhabitants of Venice, as well as its economic core (its airport and harbor), are on the western border of the lagoon, around the former towns of Mestre and Marghera . There are also two towns at the northern end of the lagoon: Jesolo (a famous sea resort) and Cavallino-Treporti . Bottlenose dolphins occasionally enter

702-502: Was caused by the floods of the Tagliamento in 1965 and 1966. Latisana is twinned with: The Cathedral ( Duomo ) was rebuilt in the 17th century over the old 1504 edifice. The main attractions are the canvas portraying the Baptism of Jesus (1567) by Paolo Veronese and a wooden Crucifix (1566) by Andrea Fosco. The choir has a Transfiguration (1591) by Marco Moro and the first altar on

729-482: Was six to eighteen metre wide. It played an important part in the Romanization of the region. This road was built in the second half of the second century BCE by a magistrate who belonged to the gens Annia , either Titus Annius Luscus, consul in 153 BCE, who led the second column of soldiers to the colony of Aquileia or Titus Annius Rufus, praetor in 131 BCE. Besides the chronologic discrepancy, attributing

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