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39-736: The mountains were probably first seen on 9 January 1821 by a Russian expedition under Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen . They were photographed from the air in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition but mapped as part of the Havre Mountains. They were first mapped in detail, from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (1947–48), by D. Searle of the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1960, and were named by

78-466: A hut and placed a copy of the document of occupation from 1929 inside. On 23 June 1961, Peter I Island became subject to the Antarctic Treaty , after Norway's signing of the treaty in 1959. Since then, there have been several landings on the island by various nations for scientific investigations, as well as a limited number of ships that have successfully landed tourists on the island. In 1987,

117-408: A limited amount of tourism. The island became subject to the Antarctic Treaty in 1961. Since 1987, there has been an automated meteorological station on the island. Three amateur radio DX-peditions have visited the island, and there are sporadic landings by tourists. The first sighting of Peter I Island was made on 21 October 1821 by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen 's expedition, who commanded

156-504: A minimum. The island is a breeding ground for a few seabirds , particularly southern fulmars , but also Wilson's storm petrels and Antarctic terns . Penguins , including Adélie and chinstrap penguins , visit the island infrequently. There are numerous seals , particularly crabeater seals , leopard seals and smaller numbers of southern elephant seals . Peter I Island is one of Norway's two territorial claims in Antarctica ,

195-484: A peninsula which divides the bays Norvegiabukta and Sandefjordbukta . On the cape are some narrow strips of beach, which are suitable for landing. The beach in Norvegiabukta is just 4 meters (13 ft) wide and is entered via the natural arch Tsarporten. On the west side is a plateau, while the north and south coasts feature ice shelves. The eastern side is the steepest and features two rock columns with flat tops in

234-578: Is an uninhabited volcanic island in the Bellingshausen Sea , 450 kilometres (240 nmi) from continental Antarctica . It is claimed as a dependency of Norway and, along with Bouvet Island and Queen Maud Land , composes one of the three Norwegian dependent territories in the Antarctic and Subantarctic . The island measures approximately 11 by 19 kilometres (7 by 12 mi), with an area of 156 km (60 sq mi); its highest point

273-412: Is not known whether this volcano is extinct or not, because the upper part is apparently unmodified by glaciation, indicating an eruption several centuries ago. The island's vegetation consists exclusively of mosses and lichens which have adapted to the extreme Antarctic climate . The island has a very harsh climate with strong winds and freezing temperatures. The steady snowfall keeps vegetation to

312-416: Is the ultra-prominent , 1,640-metre-tall (5,380 ft) Lars Christensen Peak . Nearly all the island is covered by a glacier , and it is surrounded most of the year by pack ice , making it inaccessible during these times. There is little vertebrate animal life on the island, apart from some seabirds and seals . The island was first sighted by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen on 21 January 1821 and

351-754: The Lahhetagge Manor  [ et ] , Ösel County in the Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire; now Saare County , Estonia . His paternal family had Holsteinish origins; the surname Bellingshausen was first recorded in Lübeck . He enlisted as a cadet in the Imperial Russian Navy at the age of ten. After graduating from the Kronstadt naval academy at age eighteen, Bellingshausen rapidly rose to

390-513: The Norwegian Polar Institute sent five scientists to spend eleven days on the island. The main focuses were aerial photography and topographical measurements to allow an accurate map of the island to be produced. The second important area was marine biological investigations, although also geological, biological and other surveys were conducted. The team also built an automatic weather station . Three DX-peditions have been sent to

429-720: The Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 . Promoted to vice admiral , he again served in the Baltic Fleet in the 1830s. From 1839, he was a military governor of Kronstadt , and gained the rank of admiral in 1843. In 1831, he published the book on his Antarctic travels, called Double Investigation of the Southern Polar Ocean and the Voyage Around the World . Bellingshausen was born to a Baltic German noble Bellingshausen family in

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468-725: The UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Orlandus Lassus , a Belgian composer of the 16th century. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from "Lassus Mountains" . Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey . This Alexander Island location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen Faddey Faddeyevich Bellingshausen or Fabian Gottlieb Benjamin von Bellingshausen (20 September [ O.S. 9 September] 1778 – 25 January [ O.S. 13 January] 1852)

507-582: The Alexander Coast, but that has more recently borne the designation of Alexander Island . Bellingshausen and Lazarev managed to twice circumnavigate the continent and never lost each other from view. Thus, they disproved Cook 's assertion that it was impossible to find land in the southern ice fields. The expedition also made discoveries and observations in the tropical waters of the Pacific Ocean. Returning to Kronstadt on 4 August 1821, Bellingshausen

546-769: The Antarctic Treaty. The treaty ensures free access to the island for any scientific investigation, and states that it can be used only for peaceful purposes. Norwegian administration of the island is handled by the Polar Affairs Department of the Ministry of Justice and Public Security , located in Oslo . The annexation of the island is regulated by the Dependency Act of 24 March 1933. It establishes that Norwegian criminal law , private law and procedural law applies to

585-758: The Antarctic mainland. Bellingshausen's diary, his report to the Russian Naval Minister on 21 July 1821 and other documents, available in the Russian State Museum of the Arctic and Antarctic in Saint Petersburg , Russia, were carefully compared with the log-books of other claimants by the British polar historian A. G. E. Jones in his 1982 study Antarctica Observed . Jones concluded that Bellingshausen, rather than

624-481: The Antarctic, and Christensen hoped to be able to establish stations on Norwegian territory to gain better privileges and so at least the taxes went to his home country. The first expedition to land on the island was the Christensen-financed second Norvegia expedition, led by Nils Larsen and Ola Olstad. They landed on 2 February 1929 and claimed the island for Norway. Larsen attempted to land again in 1931, but

663-672: The Royal Navy's Edward Bransfield on 30 January 1820 or the American Nathaniel Palmer on 17 November 1820, was indeed the discoverer of the sought-after Terra Australis . During the voyage Bellingshausen also visited Meretoto / Ship Cove in New Zealand, the South Shetland Islands , and discovered and named Peter I , Zavodovski , Leskov and Visokoi Islands, and a peninsula of the Antarctic mainland that he named

702-549: The Russians with books and charts for their expedition. Leaving Portsmouth on 5 September 1819 the expedition crossed the Antarctic Circle (the first to do so since Cook ) on 26 January 1820 ( New Style ). On 27 January, the expedition discovered the Antarctic mainland approaching the Antarctic coast at a point with coordinates 69º21'28"S 2º14'50"W and seeing ice-fields there. The point in question lies within twenty miles of

741-478: The Southern Polar Ocean and the Voyage Around the World . In 1839 he became a military governor of Kronstadt , the main base of Russian Baltic Fleet , and died there in 1852. Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen is remembered in Russia as one of its greatest admirals and explorers . In the Antarctic , multiple geographical features and locations, named in honor of Bellingshausen, remind of his role in exploration of

780-644: The captaincy of Adam Johann von Krusenstern . After the journey, he published a collection of maps of the newly explored areas and islands of the Pacific Ocean . Subsequently, he commanded several ships of the Baltic and Black Sea Fleets . As a prominent cartographer, Bellingshausen was appointed to command the Russian circumnavigation of the globe in 1819–1821, intended to explore the Southern Ocean and to find land in

819-564: The cohort of prominent Baltic German navigators who helped Russia launch its naval expeditions. Bellingshausen was born in the Estonian island of Saaremaa ( Ösel ), in the eponymous family . He started his service in the Russian Baltic Fleet , and after distinguishing himself joined the first Russian circumnavigation of the Earth in 1803–1806, serving on the merchant ship Nadezhda under

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858-578: The command of various ships in the Baltic and Black Seas . From 1812 to 1816 he commanded the frigate Minerva and from 1817 to 1819 the frigate Flora , both in the Black Sea Fleet . During 1812 he met on Macquarie Island , half-way between New Zealand and Antarctica , Richard Siddins , the Australian captain of the ship Campbell Macquarie . When Emperor Alexander I authorized an expedition to

897-462: The island by pack ice. In 1926 and 1927, the Norwegian sailor Eyvind Tofte circumnavigated and surveyed the island from Odd I . However, he was also prevented from landing. The Norwegian whale-ship owner Lars Christensen financed several expeditions to the Antarctic, in part for research and in part to claim land for Norway. The latter was motivated by the British taxation of whaling stations in

936-429: The island, in 1987, 1994 and 2006. Peter I Island is a volcanic island located 450 kilometres (280 mi) off the coast of Ellsworth Land of continental Antarctica, and about 1,400 km (870 mi) to the south-west of Smith Island , the nearest of the South Shetland Islands . It has an area of 154 square kilometres (59 sq mi). The island is almost entirely covered by glacier , with about 95% of

975-468: The island, in addition to other laws that explicitly state they are valid on the island. It further establishes that all land belongs to the state, and prohibits the storage and detonation of nuclear products. Since 5 May 1995, Norwegian law has required all Norwegian activity in Antarctica, including Peter I Island, to follow international environmental law for Antarctica. All Norwegian citizens who plan activities on Peter I Island must therefore report to

1014-511: The other being Queen Maud Land. Norway, Australia, France, New Zealand and the United Kingdom have all mutually recognized each other's claims in Antarctica. Other countries however, including the United States , do not recognize this claim. Peter I Island is the only claim within 90°W and 150°W and is also the only claim which is not a sector . Being south of 60°S, the island is subject to

1053-467: The proximity of the South Pole . Mikhail Lazarev prepared the expedition and was made Bellingshausen's second-in-command and the captain of the sloop Mirny , while Bellingshausen himself commanded the sloop Vostok . During this expedition, Bellingshausen and Lazarev became the first explorers to see the land of Antarctica on 27 January 1820 ( New Style ), disproving James Cook 's contention that it

1092-460: The rank of captain. A great admirer of Cook 's voyages, Bellingshausen served from 1803 in the first Russian circumnavigation of the Earth. He was one of the officers of the vessel Nadezhda ("Hope"), commanded by Adam Johann von Krusenstern . The mission was completed in 1806. After the journey, Bellingshausen published a collection of maps of the newly explored areas and islands of the Pacific Ocean . Bellingshausen's career continued with

1131-420: The sea. The island is a shield volcano , although it is not known if it is still active, and it has been categorized as either Holocene or historic, based on date samples ranging from 0.1 to 0.35 million years ago. The summit, Lars Christensen Peak , is a 100-metre (330 ft) wide circular crater. An ultra-prominent peak at 1,640 metres (5,380 ft) elevation, it is named after Lars Christensen. It

1170-635: The ships Vostok and Mirny under the Russian flag. He named the island after Tsar Peter I of Russia. Drift ice made it impossible for Bellinghausen to come nearer than 25 kilometers (16 mi) from the island. It was the first land to have been spotted south of the Antarctic Circle , and was thus also the southernmost sighted land at the time of its discovery. In January 1910, the French expedition led by Jean-Baptiste Charcot and his ship Pourquoi-Pas confirmed Bellingshausen's discovery, but they also did not land, being stopped 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) from

1209-407: The south polar region in 1819, the authorities selected Bellingshausen to lead it as an experienced captain and explorer, and a prominent cartographer. The expedition was intended to explore the Southern Ocean and to find land in the proximity of the South Pole . The preparation work on the two ships, the 985-ton sloop-of-war Vostok ("East") and the 530-ton support vessel Mirny ("Peaceful")

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1248-611: The southern polar region. There is a memorial stone of Bellingshausen on the previous site (on the ruins) of Lahhentagge/Lahetaguse manor in Ösel/Saaremaa. There is a monument to Bellingshausen in Mykolaiv, Ukraine , as well as in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and in Montevideo, Uruguay. There is a monument to Admiral Bellingshausen in Kronstadt , near Saint Petersburg in Russia. Peter I Island Peter I Island ( Norwegian : Peter I Øy )

1287-401: The surface covered by ice. Surrounding the island is a 40-meter (130 ft) tall ice front and vertical cliffs. The long stretches of ice caps are supplemented with rock outcrops. Landing is only possible at three points, and only during the short period of the year in which the island is not surrounded by pack ice. These landings take place on the west side at Kapp Ingrid Christensen ,

1326-401: Was a Russian cartographer , explorer, and naval officer of Baltic German descent, who attained the rank of admiral . He participated in the first Russian circumnavigation of the globe, and subsequently became a leader of another circumnavigation expedition that discovered the continent of Antarctica . Like Otto von Kotzebue and Adam Johann von Krusenstern , Bellingshausen belonged to

1365-588: Was carried out by Mikhail Lazarev , who had captained his own circumnavigation of the globe before. Bellingshausen became the captain of Vostok , and Lazarev captained Mirny . The journey started from Kronstadt on 4 June 1819. They stopped briefly in England, where Bellingshausen met with Sir Joseph Banks , the president of the Royal Society . Banks had sailed with Captain James Cook fifty years earlier and supplied

1404-415: Was hindered by pack ice. On 6 March 1931, a Norwegian royal proclamation declared the island under Norwegian sovereignty and on 23 March 1933 the island was declared a dependency. The next landing occurred on 10 February 1948 by Larsen's ship Brategg . Biological , geological and hydrographic surveys underwent for three days, before the pack ice forced the expedition to leave. The expedition built

1443-541: Was impossible to find land in the southern ice-fields. They circumnavigated the continent twice and never lost each other from view. The expedition discovered and named Peter I , Zavodovski , Leskov , Alexander , and Visokoi Islands , the Antarctic Peninsula , and made other discoveries in the tropical waters of the Pacific . Made captain-commodore  [ ru ] on his return, Bellingshausen participated in

1482-455: Was made captain-commodore , and received the rank of counter admiral from tsar Nicholas I in 1826. He fought in the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829, — particularly in the siege of Varna , was promoted to vice admiral in 1830, served as a military governor of port Kronstadt at the approaches to St Petersburg , and gained the rank of admiral in 1843. In 1831, he published the book on his Antarctic travel, called Double Investigation of

1521-401: Was named after Peter I of Russia . Not until 2 February 1929 did anyone set foot on the island, when Nils Larsen and Ola Olstad 's Second Norvegia Expedition , financed by Lars Christensen , was successful. They claimed it for Norway, which annexed it in 1931 and made it a dependency in 1933. The next landing occurred in 1948, and the island has been subject to some scientific research and

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