107-640: Zombies (ゾンビ, Zonbi ) are recurring antagonists within the fictional universe of Japanese video game company Capcom 's multimedia franchise Resident Evil , known in Japan as Biohazard . First appearing in the 1996 video game Resident Evil , they are mutated creatures with cannibalistic urges and severe epidermal necrosis , and their origins are explained from a scientific perspective. In contrast to zombies in other horror and fantasy genre works where they are traditionally presented as corporeal revenants with mythological and supernatural origins, zombies in
214-405: A control system used in video games, when he conceded to being awkward in movement but nevertheless insisted that it was the only method he could think of at the time that could make a horror game work: he explained that in this way the player could not see a zombie coming, yet could still hear its footsteps without knowledge of its exact position. The depiction of zombie behavior changed greatly as
321-490: A defining tone of "gnawing unease" for the rest of Resident Evil . Both The Guardian and Kotaku considered the zombie dog window scene to be one of the greatest video games jump scares; Kotaku ′s Cameron Kunzelman in particular emphasized it as the "original moment in frightening PlayStation users". Jordan Devore of Destructoid called the window scene an "amazingly scary sequence". The Licker has appeared in multiple "top" lists by critics, which highlight it as one of
428-592: A different approach to overcome in combat. They are similar in concept to the later "Ooze" zombie type introduced in Resident Evil: Revelations , both of which are visually and functionally distinct from the more humanoid traditional zombie. Resident Evil 7: Biohazard feature the "Molded", semi-morphous black goo-like anthropomorphic monsters spawned from a type of isotropic mold that feeds on dead bodies. By coagulating through cracks and crevices, they can seemingly appear from out of nowhere to shamble towards
535-500: A film editor and lab chemist. The name of director F. W. Murnau is no longer mentioned in the credits. This version, lasting approximately 80 minutes, was presented on 5 June 1981 at the Cinémathèque Française . Nosferatu brought Murnau into the public eye, especially when his film Der brennende Acker ( The Burning Soil ) was released a few days later. The press reported extensively on Nosferatu and its premiere. With
642-463: A full pistol magazine before falling. The pharmaceutical conglomerate Umbrella Corporation , the primary antagonistic faction in the franchise's earlier games causes the death or drastic mutations to its hosts. Unlike Tyrants, which are genetically altered organisms Bio Organic Weapons (B.O.W.) by design, zombies are often unintentional side-effects of humans who are infected by the T-virus , a name given to
749-566: A mass of metal wire and spikes. Zombies have appeared in every live action Resident Evil film , and animated films like Resident Evil: Vendetta and Resident Evil: Death Island . Outside of recurring appearances in Resident Evil video game titles and animated films, the Licker has appeared in live-action adaptations such as the Resident Evil film series directed by Paul W. S. Anderson ,
856-486: A preference for direct, physical horror to quiet, psychological horror. He observed that while many players have since developed an immunity to physical horror and the idea of zombies as a scary experience from past decades, in his view nothing scares human beings more than themselves as well as their societies and cultures, which represents a certain horror element that is timeless. For the remakes of older Resident Evil titles , Capcom's developers could revisit and realize
963-445: A reference. To explain the origins of zombies within the Resident Evil universe, Mikami chose a virus as the infectious agent or pathogen which turn humans into zombies; during an interview with IGN , Mikami recalled "feeling excited by the new idea that a virus—a real enemy that can't be seen by humans—would cause tremendous fear in people". Mikami chose a fixed camera perspective and the implementation of tank controls , which are
1070-469: A series of a family of RNA virus strains called "Progenitor virus", which causes death or drastic mutations to its hosts. A popular tactic to dispatch zombies is with precise lined up shots to the head, while other players may opt to conserve ammo by waiting for the zombies to veer slightly off course and attempt to run past them. Resident Evil 2 and Resident Evil 3 present a zombie apocalypse scenario where zombies appear in larger numbers, overrunning
1177-480: A standard trope in popular fictional works released after the first Resident Evil video game. Tim Turi from Game Informer formed a similar view that the varied depictions of zombies and related monsters throughout the history of Resident Evil are trend setting, in particular marking the zombie genre's shift from supernatural themes to scientific themes . James Mielke from IGN commented that zombies as presented by Shinji Mikami and Capcom represented an evolution of
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#17328698509731284-489: A struggle to reconcile modern conventions of zombie behavior with certain video game conventions. On Mikami's choice to ground the franchise's antagonists from a scientific perspective, which involves an infectious pathogen, Weiss observed that the developers chose not to model the progression of zombie infection on the player characters, instead opting for conventional notions of health meter damage with considerations for marketable balance and player empowerment. Weiss argued that
1391-1090: A summary, scene and work photographs, production reports, and essays, including a treatment on vampirism by Albin Grau . Nosferatu opened in the Netherlands on 16 February 1922 at the Hague Flora and Olympia cinemas. Nosferatu premiered in Germany on 4 March 1922 in the Marmorsaal of the Berlin Zoological Garden . This was planned as a large society evening entitled Das Fest des Nosferatu (Festival of Nosferatu), and guests were asked to arrive dressed in Biedermeier costume. The German cinema premiere itself took place on 15 March 1922 at Berlin's Primus-Palast . The 1930s sound version Die zwölfte Stunde – Eine Nacht des Grauens ( The Twelfth Hour: A Night of Horror ), which
1498-426: A true opponent not only wants to prevent the hero from achieving his desire but is competing with the hero for the same goal. According to John Truby, "It is only by competing for the same goal that the hero and the opponent are forced to come into direct conflict and to do so again and again throughout the story." Nosferatu Nosferatu: A Symphony of Horror (German: Nosferatu – Eine Symphonie des Grauens )
1605-508: A virus as the source of mass infection that leads to the biohazard incidents in the narratives of previous titles. In Resident Evil Village , artist Tomonori Takano said the developers wanted to continue the same approach that started with Resident Evil 7 in that they wanted to move away from simply using elements like zombies to scare players but created unique situations and characters that would create fear in new ways. The enemy mutant human species called lycans ' are werewolf-like design
1712-449: Is a 1922 silent German Expressionist vampire film directed by F. W. Murnau and starring Max Schreck as Count Orlok , a vampire who preys on the wife ( Greta Schröder ) of his estate agent ( Gustav von Wangenheim ) and brings the plague to their town. Nosferatu was produced by Prana Film and is an unauthorized and unofficial adaptation of Bram Stoker 's 1897 novel Dracula . Various names and other details were changed from
1819-442: Is a homage to Nosferatu, and also depicts the theft of Murnau's skull from his family tomb in 2015. Nosferatu only entered the public domain worldwide by the end of 2019. Despite this, the film had already been subject to widespread circulation via a sped-up, unrestored black and white bootleg copy. Beginning in 1981, the film has had various different official restorations, several of which have been issued on home video in
1926-466: Is also associated with pestilence, with Orlok in film being the very manifestation of contagion, rats pouring out of his coffins onto the streets of Wisborg, spreading Black Death . Orlok's link to Belial is also highly significant because Belial is "one of the demons traditionally summoned by Goetic magicians" – making Orlok someone who practiced dark sorcery before becoming a vampire. Orlok and his servant Knock are communicating in occult language –
2033-432: Is blind but extremely sensitive to sound, which can be mitigated with navigational tactics by savvy players. A Licker variant which appears in Resident Evil 5 is presented with a “fairly unremarkable sense of hearing", reflecting the game's action-oriented focus compared to its predecessors. Resident Evil Zero introduced zombies which are swarmed and infested by T-virus infected leeches, which require players to adopt
2140-483: Is later shown destroyed. Making uncredited appearances are Karl Etlinger as one of Bulwer's students, Hardy von Francois [ de ] as a doctor at a mental hospital, Guido Herzfeld as an innkeeper, and Fanny Schreck as a hospital nurse. Nosferatu has been noted for its themes regarding fear of the Other , as well as for possible antisemitic undertones, both of which may have been partially derived from
2247-464: Is less commonly known, was a completely unauthorized and re-edited version of the film. It was released in Vienna, Austria on 16 May 1930 with sound-on-disc accompaniment and a recomposition of Hans Erdmann 's original score by Georg Fiebiger, a German production manager and composer of film music. It had an alternative ending lighter than the original and the characters were renamed again; Count Orlok's name
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#17328698509732354-487: Is reversed can be seen in the character Macduff from Macbeth , who is arguably morally correct in his desire to fight the tyrant Macbeth , the protagonist. Examples from television include J.R. Ewing ( Larry Hagman ) from Dallas and Alexis Colby ( Joan Collins ) from Dynasty . Both became breakout characters used as a device to increase their shows' ratings. Characters may be antagonists without being evil – they may simply be injudicious and unlikeable for
2461-465: Is used as a plot device, to set up conflicts, obstacles, or challenges for the protagonist. Though not every story requires an antagonist, it often is used in plays to increase the level of drama. In tragedies, antagonists are often the cause of the protagonist's main problem, or lead a group of characters against the protagonist; in comedies, they are usually responsible for involving the protagonist in comedic situations. Author John Truby argues that
2568-504: The Biedermeier town of Wisborg. There were other views – writer Kevin Jackson has noted that director F. W. Murnau "was friendly with and protective of a number of Jewish men and women" throughout his life, including Jewish actor Alexander Granach , who plays Knock in Nosferatu . Additionally, Magistrale wrote that Murnau, being a homosexual , would have been "presumably more sensitive to
2675-509: The Bram Stoker novel Dracula , upon which the film was based. The physical appearance of Count Orlok, with his hooked nose, long claw-like fingernails, and large bald head, has been compared to stereotypical caricatures of Jewish people from the time in which Nosferatu was produced. His features have also been compared to those of a rat or a mouse, the former of which Jews were often equated with. Orlok's interest in acquiring property in
2782-524: The Greek ἀνταγωνιστής – antagonistēs , "opponent, competitor, villain, enemy, rival," which is derived from anti- ("against") and agonizesthai ("to contend for a prize"). The antagonist is commonly positioned against the protagonist and their world order. While narratives often portray the protagonist as a hero and the antagonist as a villain , like Harry Potter and Lord Voldemort in Harry Potter ,
2889-573: The Las Plagas parasite, though they tend to be better armed with military grade weapons, which serves as the pretext for cover-based firefights as a gameplay mechanic. Resident Evil 6 features two types of zombie-like antagonists created from the newer C-virus: shambling zombies created through indirect exposure to the C-virus that behave similarly to the nimble main enemies of Resident Evil 4 and Resident Evil 5 though with diminished mental capacity, and
2996-779: The Nickelodeon series Are You Afraid of the Dark? featured a "special" screening of Nosferatu. After the screening, Count Orlok emerges from the screen into the real world and begins stalking victims in the theater. The 2000 film Shadow of the Vampire , directed by E. Elias Merhige , is a fictionalized take on the making of Nosferatu . In 2022 an exhibition Phantoms of the Night. 100 Years of "Nosferatu" opens in Berlin. The short movie F.W.M. Symphony , directed by Thomas Hörl , released in late 2022
3103-472: The Resident Evil series are usually created through the use of biological weaponry , genetic manipulation and/or parasitic symbiosis . Subsequent sequels have featured other types of zombies as well as related creatures which are presented as more agile, vicious, and intelligent opponents. The Resident Evil franchise's zombies and associated creatures, a staple feature in the video game series as well as film adaptations, are widely recognized as one of
3210-413: The Resident Evil series expanded. Later titles released after the original Resident Evil would present an escalation of enemy types, introducing new creatures or reinventing pre-established ones. For example, Resident Evil 3 introduced zombies which could sprint and lunge towards player characters at an unusually rapid pace. For Resident Evil 4 , Mikami discarded tank controls which previously served
3317-473: The Resident Evil series to be a major factor behind the revitalization and subsequent prevalence of zombies in early 21st century popular culture. Author Jamie Russell from the book of Book of the Dead: The Complete History of Zombie Cinema in particular described the resulting cultural impact as the " Resident Evil effect". The realistic, scientific approach for explaining zombie origins became
Zombies in Resident Evil - Misplaced Pages Continue
3424-433: The Resident Evil video games as among the sources of inspiration behind the mainstream popularization of a new type of zombie, the fast zombie or running zombie, since the early 2010's and mentioned the franchise's zombie dogs as a notable example of this. Antagonists An antagonist is a character in a story who is presented as the main enemy or rival of the protagonist . The English word antagonist comes from
3531-469: The Vossische Zeitung of 7 March 1922, Nosferatu was praised for its visual style. Nosferatu was also the first film to show a vampire dying from exposure to sunlight. Previous vampire novels such as Dracula had shown them being uncomfortable with sunlight, but not undeath-threateningly so. The film has received overwhelmingly positive reviews. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes ,
3638-427: The 2019 Resident Evil 2 remake, which was released two years after Resident Evil 7 , and opined that this is an intentional design decision for players to rediscover the horror of confronting slow moving enemies within tight spaces, as the movements of both types of creatures seemingly parallel each other. Various commentators, including George A. Romero and British actor Simon Pegg , credited zombies as portrayed in
3745-505: The 2021 film Resident Evil: Welcome to Raccoon City , and the 2022 Netflix television series . Outside of Resident Evil series. The zombies appeared in the 2018 PUBG Mobile . The zombies were also featured in Resident Evil -themed attractions at Universal Studios Japan and Universal Orlando 's Halloween Horror Nights . In his essay titled "How the Zombies Changed Videogames", Matthew J. Weise analyzed at length
3852-723: The Chief Brian Irons' in-universe suggestion to the K9 unit that the breed be used as the police dog for the Raccoon Police Department. Resident Evil 2 also introduced the Licker, a grotesque creature with an exposed brain that lacks skin, which attacks its prey with sharp claws and a long prehensile tongue. It is the result of further mutation in a zombie infected with certain strains of the T-virus, especially one that has consumed large quantities of biomass to sustain its metabolism. It
3959-575: The Emagine Theater in Novi . It was later released on video on demand via Amazon Prime Video in September 2024 and on streaming though Apple TV+ on 18 October 2024. In July 2015, a remake was announced with Robert Eggers writing and directing. The film was intended to be produced by Jay Van Hoy and Lars Knudsen for Studio 8. In November 2016, Eggers expressed surprise that the Nosferatu remake
4066-453: The German army. Little is known of his war-time experience, but there are some signs he may have dealt with some form of post-traumatic stress disorder. Colleagues commented that he preferred to keep to himself. He was known to take long walks in the forest alone, often times disappearing for hours at a time. He once stated that he lived in "a remote and incorporeal world". Thus it is considered that
4173-565: The German town of Wisborg, a shift in locale from the Stoker novel's London , has also been analyzed as preying on the fears and anxieties of the German public at the time. Professor Tony Magistrale opined that the film's depiction of an "invasion of the German homeland by an outside force [...] poses disquieting parallels to the anti-Semitic atmosphere festering in Northern Europe in 1922." When
4280-460: The J'avo, created through direct administration of the C-virus. When the J'avo experience dismemberment or are sufficiently damaged, they exhibit regenerative abilities which cause drastic mutations similar in concept to hosts of the Las Plagas parasite. The spin-off title Resident Evil: Revelations 2 feature the Afflicted , which are insane human beings who have been severely tortured and bound in
4387-510: The Mold pathogen from Biohazard . Some later Resident Evil titles feature enemies which retain some semblance of intellectual faculty and are very different from the zombie archetype in earlier titles. The Los Ganados of Resident Evil 4 are infected by body-altering parasitic lifeforms known as "Las Plagas": they are capable of speech, somewhat agile, and possess adequate cognitive ability to utilize combat tactics like hurling axes and dynamite at
Zombies in Resident Evil - Misplaced Pages Continue
4494-551: The Pazo de Meirás becomes the vampire's castle. All Murnau's characters find equivalence in the political actors of the Spanish transition to democracy. A 1979 adaptation of Bram Stoker's novel Dracula by director Werner Herzog , Nosferatu the Vampyre , starred Klaus Kinski (as Count Dracula, not Count Orlok). The film is a remake of the 1922 film with character names that are faithful to
4601-497: The U.S., Europe and Australia. These versions, which are all tinted , speed-corrected and have specially recorded scores, are separately copyrighted with respect to new copyrightable elements. The most recent restoration, completed in 2005/2006, has been released on DVD and Blu-ray throughout the world, and features a reconstruction of Hans Erdmann's original score by Berndt Heller. In 1977, Spanish amateur filmmaker José Ernesto Díaz Noriega added humorous and iconoclastic dialogues to
4708-487: The antagonist does not always appear as the villain. In some narratives, like Light Yagami and L in Death Note , the protagonist is a villain and the antagonist is an opposing hero. Antagonists are conventionally presented as making moral choices less savory than those of protagonists. This condition is often used by an author to create conflict within a story. This is merely a convention, however. An example in which this
4815-523: The audience. In some stories, such as The Catcher in the Rye , almost every character other than the protagonist may be an antagonist. Another example of this occurring is through Javert in Victor Hugo's Les Misérables , in which Javert displays no malicious intent, but instead represents the rigid and inflexible application of the law, even when it leads to moral and ethical dilemmas. An aspect or trait of
4922-449: The basis to create their "world of wetness and darkness". With regards to the primary enemy units of Resident Evil 7: Biohazard known as the Molded, producer Jun Takeuchi commented that their name infers that there may be a human intention to mould or create something as part of the backstory of these creatures, and that a deliberate creative decision is made by developers to move away from
5029-614: The blood sacrifice of a woman, thus destroying forever the dark being responsible for this catastrophic situation. The idea for making this vampire film saw its genesis in the war-time experience of producer Albin Grau. Grau served in the German army during the World War I , known as the Great War, on the Serbian front . While in Serbia Grau encountered a local farmer who told him of his father, who
5136-413: The castle, only to retreat back into his room after he finds the coffin in which Orlok is resting dormant in the crypt. Hours later, Orlok piles up coffins on a coach and climbs into the last one before the coach departs; Hutter rushes home after learning of this. The coffins are taken aboard a schooner , where the sailors discover rats in the coffins. All of the crewmen later die, and Orlok takes control of
5243-520: The course of 90 minutes," he said, culminating in "dense, slow death metal." A new score for full orchestra and piano was commissioned by the Louisville Orchestra from its former composer-in-residence Sebastian Chang. It premiered, played live with the film in October 2023. [1] Shortly before the premiere, an advertisement campaign was placed in issue #21 of the magazine Bühne und Film , with
5350-408: The creature archetype. Shanley's colleague Richard Newby shared similar sentiments and suggested that the Las Plagas parasite introduced in Resident Evil 4 further broadened the zombie genre. Certain specific zombie-type creatures, such as the zombie dog and the Licker, have received particular attention from video game journalists. IGN said the zombie dog jump scare scene in the first game set
5457-474: The dark thoughts of human beings, responsible for epidemics that call for blood sacrifices in order to prevent them, is also closely linked to that of the alchemist Paracelsus , whose figure is partly embodied in the film in the character of Professor Bulwer (who is mentioned in the film to be Paracelsian himself). This is made concrete in the film in the plague epidemic that spreads through the city of Wisborg, which cannot be remedied by scientific methods, but by
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#17328698509735564-475: The developers have essentially engaged in a process called "selective abstraction", where they picked and chose which video game conventions would be superseded by common zombie fiction conventions, and vice versa. Weiss concluded that the franchise's biggest contribution to gaming aesthetics are its difficulty design and ability to instill a sense of vulnerability in players, as well as the depiction of its zombies to be as dangerous as their film counterparts, echoing
5671-471: The documents between Orlok and Knock are written in Enochian language (angelic language, recorded in the private journals of English occultist John Dee and his colleague English alchemist Edward Kelley in late 16th-century Elizabethan England). The character of Professor Bulwer in the film is named in reference to English occult novelist Edward Bulwer-Lytton . The idea of astral entities, arising from
5778-479: The documents to purchase the house and notices on the table a miniature portrait of Hutter's wife, Ellen, an image that the young man carries with him in a small circular frame. Admiring the portrait, the count remarks that she has a "lovely neck." Reading a book about vampires that he took from the inn, Hutter begins to suspect that Orlok is indeed a vampire. With no way to bar the door to his bedroom, Hutter desperately tries to hide as midnight approaches. Suddenly,
5885-563: The door begins to slowly open by itself; and, as Orlok enters, a terrified Hutter hides under the bedcovers and falls unconscious. Meanwhile, back in Wisborg, Ellen arises from her own bed and sleepwalks to the railing of her bedroom's balcony. She starts walking on top of the railing, which gets the attention of her friend Harding in the adjacent room. When the doctor arrives, Ellen shouts Hutter's name and envisions Orlok in his castle threatening her unconscious husband. The next day, Hutter explores
5992-410: The entirety of the fictional Raccoon City which is located near the first game's mansion. They are presented as more limber in movement, though they may be knocked down when they take enough damage and dismembered if players target a specific body part. Other zombie-type creatures in the series include domesticated canines infected with the T-virus, also known as the zombie dog (ゾンビ犬 zombi-inu ). Unlike
6099-518: The farmer believed had become an undead vampire. F. W. Murnau, director of the film, also saw considerable action in World War I – not only as a company commander in the muddy trenches of the Eastern Front , but also later in the air after he transferred to the German air service . He survived at least eight crashes. Max Schreck who portrayed Count Orlok also served in the trenches of the Great War with
6206-506: The film holds an approval rating of 97% based on 63 reviews, with an average rating of 9.05/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "One of the silent era's most influential masterpieces, Nosferatu ' s eerie, gothic feel – and a chilling performance from Max Schreck as the vampire – set the template for the horror films that followed." In 1995, the Vatican included Nosferatu on a list of 45 important films that people should watch. It
6313-700: The film set in Transylvania were actually shot on location in northern Slovakia , including the High Tatras , Vrátna dolina , Orava Castle , the Váh River, and Starý Castle [ sk ] . The team filmed interior shots at the JOFA studio in Berlin's Johannisthal locality and further exteriors in the Tegel Forest. For cost reasons, cameraman Fritz Arno Wagner only had one camera available, and therefore there
6420-471: The film was "a low-budget film made by Germans for German audiences... setting it in Germany with German-named characters makes the story more tangible and immediate for German-speaking viewers". Even with several details altered, Stoker's heirs sued over the adaptation, and a court ruling ordered all copies of the film to be destroyed . However, several prints of Nosferatu survived, and the film came to be regarded as an influential masterpiece of cinema and
6527-418: The film would still be made, saying "... But also, I don't know, maybe Nosferatu doesn't need to be made again, even though I've spent so much time on that." It was reported in September 2022 that Eggers' remake would be distributed by Focus Features , with Bill Skarsgård set to star as Orlok and Lily-Rose Depp as Ellen Hutter. Willem Dafoe , Nicholas Hoult , and Emma Corrin will also be part of
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#17328698509736634-632: The film. His adaptation or détournement , titled Manuscrito encontrato en Zarazwela or Nos fera tu la pugnete , was based on a S8 mm print of the English version. "Observing the curious coincidence of the fiction that is related in the film with history", Díaz Noriega adapted Nosferatu 's plot to the years of the Spanish transition to democracy : Prime Minister Arias Navarro becomes Draculas Navarro and Juan Carlos de Borbón becomes Jonathan Carolus (prince of Franconia). The original Transylvania becomes Galitzia and
6741-515: The first Resident Evil as primitive yet deadly creatures roaming the derelict Spencer Mansion. They exhibit a shambling behavior similar to the zombie films of the 1970s, in particular George A. Romero 's Night of the Living Dead film series. They moan and relentlessly shuffle towards player characters with arms outstretched and little finesse, and while their slow movement speed offers ample time for players to respond, zombies may absorb nearly
6848-414: The first rays of the sun. Murnau prepared carefully; there were sketches that were to correspond exactly to each filmed scene, and he used a metronome to control the pace of the acting. The original score was composed by Hans Erdmann and performed by an orchestra at the film's Berlin premiere. However, most of the score has been lost, and what remains is only a partial adapted suite. Thus, throughout
6955-433: The floor from walls or ceilings in order to engage the player character: according to producer Yoshiaki Hirabayashi, this is because the original game was presented with a fixed camera and tank controls which mandated a "stop-and-aim shooting system". In the 2019 Resident Evil 2 remake , the camera is placed behind the player character, which gives the player more freedom to control the camera and aim at enemies. This enables
7062-404: The foreign Orlok arrives in Wisborg by ship, he brings with him a swarm of rats which, in a deviation from the source novel, spread the plague throughout the town. This plot element further associates Orlok with rodents and the idea of the "Jew as disease-causing agent". It is also notable that Orlok's accomplice in conspiracy Knock is a Jewish realtor, who acts as the vampire's fifth column in
7169-472: The greatest or scariest enemies in video games. As it is associated with the franchise's brand identity, the Licker has been the subject of multiple items of merchandise. Aaron Potter from PCGamesN felt that Capcom have restored their signature zombies to the "threatening and unrelenting force" they once were with 2019's Resident Evil 2 , following a period of time where the franchise's zombies were seen to have lost their scariness. In particular, Potter said
7276-673: The harbour. In Lübeck , the abandoned Salzspeicher served as Nosferatu's new Wisborg house, the one of the churchyard of the Aegidienkirche served as Hutter's, and down the Depenau a procession of coffin bearers bore coffins of supposed plague victims. Many scenes of Lübeck appear in the hunt for Knock , who ordered Hutter in the Yard of Füchting to meet Count Orlok. Further exterior shots followed in Lauenburg , Rostock and on Sylt . The exteriors of
7383-466: The history of Nosferatu screenings, many composers and musicians have written or improvised their own soundtrack to accompany the film. For example, James Bernard , composer of the soundtracks of many Hammer horror films in the late 1950s and 1960s, wrote a score for a reissue. Bernard's score was released in 1997 by Silva Screen Records. A version of Erdmann's original score reconstructed by musicologists and composers Gillian Anderson and James Kessler
7490-438: The horror genre. Critic and historian Kim Newman declared it as a film that set the template for the genre of horror film. In 1838, in the fictional German town of Wisborg, Thomas Hutter is sent to Transylvania by his employer, estate agent Herr Knock, to visit a new client, Count Orlok , who is planning on buying a house across from Hutter's own residence. While embarking on his journey, Hutter stops at an inn in which
7597-413: The idea of "wetness" as conveyed by Kanda sets apart the gore in 2019's Resident Evil 2 from the presentation seen in most other horror-themed video games, noting the "horrendous ways the human anatomy can be mutilated" and the gruesome displays of gore that follow whenever zombies are dispatched by players. Robert Zak from GamesRadar+ formed a view that the Molded serve as a precursor to the zombies of
7704-424: The laudatory votes, there was also occasional criticism that the technical perfection and clarity of the images did not fit the horror theme. The Filmkurier of 6 March 1922 said that the vampire appeared too corporeal and brightly lit to appear genuinely scary. Hans Wollenberg described the film in photo-Stage No. 11 of 11 March 1922 as a "sensation" and praised Murnau's nature shots as "mood-creating elements." In
7811-505: The locals are frightened by the mere mention of Orlok's name. Hutter rides on a coach to Orlok's castle in the Carpathian Mountains , where he is welcomed by Orlok himself. When he is eating dinner and accidentally cuts his thumb, Orlok tries to suck the blood out, but his repulsed guest pulls his hand away. Hutter wakes up the morning after to find fresh punctures on his neck, which he attributes to mosquitoes. That night, Orlok signs
7918-403: The modern sense? Not for me. I admire it more for its artistry and ideas, its atmosphere and images, than for its ability to manipulate my emotions like a skillful modern horror film. It knows none of the later tricks of the trade, like sudden threats that pop in from the side of the screen . But Nosferatu remains effective: It doesn't scare us, but it haunts us. In 1993, the 15th episode of
8025-464: The most memorable video game depictions of horror themes, and represent an influential element of the survival horror genre which have inspired numerous works with similar themes. The director of the first entry in the Resident Evil series of video games, Shinji Mikami , cited The Evil Dead and The Texas Chain Saw Massacre as influences for his work within the Resident Evil franchise as
8132-401: The most successful film series based on video games . Kim Newman drew attention to the fact that many zombie films released after Resident Evil tend to dwell on a more action-oriented approach between protagonists and their zombie antagonists compared to films from prior generations, which Newman deduced as a significant influence from the video game genre. Josh Levin from Slate credited
8239-447: The novel, including Count Dracula being renamed Count Orlok then finally Nosferatu , an archaic Romanian word with a suggested etymology of Nesuferitu` , meaning "the offensive one" or "the insufferable one". Although those changes are often represented as a defense against copyright infringement, the original German intertitles acknowledged Dracula as the source. Film historian David Kalat states in his commentary track that since
8346-489: The novel. A remake by director David Lee Fisher was in development after being successfully funded on Kickstarter on 3 December 2014. On 13 April 2016, it was reported that Doug Jones had been cast as Count Orlok in the film and that filming had begun. The film would use green screen to insert colorized backgrounds from the original film atop live-action, a process Fisher previously used for his remake The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (2005). In November 2023, it premiered at
8453-504: The persecution of a subgroup inside the larger German society". As such, it has been said that perceived associations between Orlok and antisemitic stereotypes are unlikely to have been conscious decisions on the part of Murnau. Murnau and Grau gave Orlok in the film a demonic lineage and an occult origin: Orlok is the creation of Belial , one of the Satanic archdemons . Belial in Psalm 41:8–10
8560-463: The player character. Luis Sera , a supporting character in Resident Evil 4 , compared these creatures to three species of flatworms , flukes that can influence their hosts' behavior: Dicrocoelium dendriticum , Galactosomum and Leucochloridium paradoxum . The parasites may sprout from certain individuals who have been decapitated and attack the player character when in close proximity. The Majini of Resident Evil 5 are similarly infected with
8667-608: The player to search for a Licker that is attacking from an elevated position, in accordance with the original design. In acknowledgment of the high volume of gore depicted in the remake, producer Tsuyoshi Kanda explained that the notion of "truly terrifying zombies" is one of the title's major concepts, and that the developers spent much time and effort to convey "damage impact that feels weighty and real" when player characters repeatedly shoot at zombies as they come at them relentlessly. Kanda noted that high-resolution visuals are rendered and designed in incredible detail, which are then used as
8774-408: The player, and their heads bob awkwardly and arrhythmically from side to side which may prove problematic for aiming. Resident Evil Village features the lycans, as well as moroaică of Castle Dimitrescu , lumbering shackled creatures described as being very similar to the franchise's traditional zombies. According to the lore of Village , they are the result of Lady Dimitrescu's experimentation with
8881-492: The portrayal of the value of forethought versus panic within apocalyptic circumstances in Romero's films. Commentators have attributed the enduring popularity of the zombie archetype popularized by early Resident Evil games in part due to the fact that zombie enemies are not expected to exhibit significant levels of intelligence, making them relatively straightforward to program. On the other hand, Mielke opined that Resident Evil 4
8988-428: The potential of the original design behind enemies without the technical limitations of dated technology. In the 2002 remake of Resident Evil , zombies which are not successfully dispatched by a head shot or incinerated may resuscitate as fast-moving "Crimson Heads" resembling the silhouette of Count Orlok from Nosferatu . In the original Resident Evil 2 , a specialized zombie called the Licker must first drop to
9095-401: The presentation of zombies throughout the history of the Resident Evil franchise. He described the first Resident Evil game as the " Ur-Text ", an original version of the game, and that Mikami created a "zombie game" in the same manner as a zombie film, a "media artifact built solely around the figure", the zombie. He formed a view that in retrospect, the zombies of Resident Evil represented
9202-466: The protagonist may be considered an antagonist, such as morality or indecisiveness. An antagonist is not always a person or people. In some cases, an antagonist may be a force, such as a tidal wave that destroys a city; a storm that causes havoc; or even a certain area's conditions that are the root cause of a problem. An antagonist may or may not create obstacles for the protagonist. Societal norms or other rules may also be antagonists. An antagonist
9309-473: The purpose of intensifying a scary experience, and introduced a new enemy type. Los Ganados ("The Cattle" in Spanish), which have variously been described as "zombie-like non-zombies" or "very-zombie-like-but-not-officially-zombies" by video game journalists, represented a further evolution of the zombie archetype due to their intelligence and nimbleness. In Mikami's view, the horror genre had since transitioned from
9416-699: The search for an alternative the choice finally fell on the then-still-unknown actor Max Schreck . Filming began in July 1921, with exterior shots in Wismar . A take from Marienkirche's tower over Wismar marketplace with the Wasserkunst Wismar [ de ] served as the establishing shot for the Wisborg scene. Other locations were the Wassertor [ de ] , the Heiligen-Geist-Kirche yard and
9523-458: The slower human zombies, zombie dogs retain much of their agility with a noticeable increase in durability and aggression. Zombie dogs are usually depicted with active necrosis, for example a visible eye bulges out of their otherwise savage but proportional facade. Most of the zombie dogs encountered in the early Resident Evil games are of the Dobermann breed: the reason for the frequency was due to
9630-461: The turmoil of 1920s Germany and the war-time experiences of those who produced the film left their marks on the production of the film. As Lotte Eisner , a dedicated occultist, wrote: "Mysticism and magic, the dark forces to which Germans have always been more than willing to commit themselves, had flourished in the face of death on the battlefields" – these forces were intrinsic to the shaping of cinema's first vampires. Albin Grau himself also linked
9737-455: The vampire with her beauty and offers him her blood of her own free will; she decides to sacrifice herself. Ellen opens her window to invite Orlok in and pretends to fall ill so that she can send Hutter to fetch Professor Bulwer, a physician. After he leaves, Orlok enters and drinks her blood, but the sun rises, which causes Orlok to vanish in a puff of smoke. Ellen lives just long enough to be embraced by her grief-stricken husband. Orlok's castle
9844-401: The vessel. When the ship arrives in Wisborg, Orlok leaves unobserved, carries one of his coffins and moves into the house that he purchased. Many deaths in the town follow after Orlok's arrival, which the local doctors blame on an unspecified plague caused by the rats from the ship. Ellen reads the book that Hutter found; it claims that a vampire can be defeated if a pure-hearted woman distracts
9951-646: The war and vampires: "this monstrous event that is unleashed across the earth like a cosmic vampire to drink the blood of millions and millions of men". Belial as well is the link between war and contagion, as Orlok is linked directly to the Black Death and many critics have linked Nosferatu ' s disease-bearing rodents to the transmissible sickness associated with trench warfare in which rats flourished. As noted by Ernest Jones in his psychoanalytic study of nightmares, vampire legends proliferate in periods of mass contagion. The studio behind Nosferatu , Prana Film,
10058-404: The zombie archetype and are continually reinvented as a mass-market concern, with the franchise setting the tone for the survival horror genre and achieving immense commercial success in a manner which its contemporaries did not achieve: the video game series sold 100 million units worldwide by 2020, and by 2011 the Resident Evil film adaptations was described by Guinness Book of World Records as
10165-474: Was a short-lived silent -era German film studio founded in 1921 by Enrico Dieckmann and occultist artist Albin Grau , named after a Theosophical journal which was itself named for the Hindu concept of prana . Although the studio's intent was to produce occult - and supernatural -themed films, Nosferatu was its only production, as it declared bankruptcy shortly after the film's release. Grau claimed he
10272-535: Was a successful attempt at adhering to a proven formula while changing its conventions, and that the move away from the Umbrella Corporation storyline and "proper zombies" was a welcome change for the series. To Patrick Shanley from The Hollywood Reporter , Resident Evil 4 "nailed dread and had such a cool tweak on the classic zombie formula" which highlighted the elasticity of the "zombie" term, and demonstrated other possibilities which could be explored with
10379-471: Was also deeply influenced by work of the artist Hugo Steiner-Prag who had illustrated other texts with esoteric subjects such as Gustav Meyrink ’s Golem and E. T. A. Hoffmann ’s Die Elixiere des Teufels (1907). Diekmann and Grau gave Henrik Galeen , a disciple of Hanns Heinz Ewers , the task to write a screenplay inspired by the Dracula novel, although Prana Film had not obtained the film rights . Galeen
10486-470: Was an experienced specialist in dark romanticism ; he had already worked on The Student of Prague (1913), and the screenplay for The Golem: How He Came into the World (1920). Galeen set the story in the fictional north German harbour town of Wisborg. He changed the characters' names and added the idea of the vampire bringing the plague to Wisborg via rats on the ship. Galeen's Expressionist style screenplay
10593-451: Was changed to Prince Wolkoff, Knock became Karsten, Hutter and Ellen became Kundberg and Margitta, and Annie was changed to Maria. This version, of which Murnau was unaware, contained many scenes filmed by Murnau but not previously released. It also contained additional footage not filmed by Murnau but by a cameraman, Günther Krampf , under the direction of Waldemar Roger [ de ] (also known as Waldemar Ronger), supposedly also
10700-404: Was developed with the game's gothic horror setting in mind, with Sato explaining, "[They] very much spawned from the fact that we wanted to create an enemy that represented the village...We designed it very much where this is kind of the twisted outcome of a human being where we draw a lot of inspiration from werewolves, being able to tap into that gothic horror visual." Zombies are introduced in
10807-406: Was going to be his second film, saying "It feels ugly and blasphemous and egomaniacal and disgusting for a filmmaker in my place to do Nosferatu next. I was really planning on waiting a while, but that's how fate shook out." In 2017, it was announced that Anya Taylor-Joy would be featured in the film in an unknown role. However, in a 2019 interview, Eggers claimed that he was unsure as to whether
10914-413: Was inspired to shoot a vampire film by a war experience: in Grau's apocryphal tale, during the winter of 1916, a Serbian farmer told him that his father was a vampire and one of the undead . As a lifelong student of the occult and member of Fraternitas Saturni , under the magical name of Master Pacitius, Grau was able to imbue Nosferatu with hermetic and mystical undertones. One example in particular
11021-405: Was only one original negative. The director followed Galeen's screenplay carefully, following handwritten instructions on camera positioning, lighting, and related matters. Nevertheless, Murnau completely rewrote 12 pages of the script, as Galeen's text was missing from the director's working script. This concerned the last scene of the film, in which Ellen sacrifices herself and the vampire dies in
11128-404: Was poetically rhythmic, without being so dismembered as other books influenced by literary Expressionism , such as those by Carl Mayer . Lotte Eisner described Galeen's screenplay as " voll Poesie, voll Rhythmus " ("full of poetry, full of rhythm"). Actor Conrad Veidt was offered the role of Count Orlok, having previously worked with Murnau, but had to decline for scheduling reasons. In
11235-477: Was ranked twenty-first in Empire magazine's "The 100 Best Films of World Cinema" in 2010. In 1997, critic Roger Ebert added Nosferatu to his list of The Great Movies , writing: Here is the story of Dracula before it was buried alive in clichés, jokes, TV skits, cartoons and more than 30 other films. The film is in awe of its material. It seems to really believe in vampires. ...Is Murnau's Nosferatu scary in
11342-634: Was released in 1995 by BMG Classics , with multiple missing sequences composed anew, in an attempt to match Erdmann's style. An earlier reconstruction by German composer Berndt Heller has many additions of unrelated classical works. In 2022, the New York Times wrote about Dutch composer Jozef van Wissem 's new score and record release for Nosferatu . Beginning with a solo played on the lute, his performance incorporates electric guitar and distorted recordings of extinct birds, graduating from subtlety to gothic horror. "My soundtrack goes from silence to noise over
11449-473: Was the cryptic contract that Count Orlok and Knock exchanged, which was filled in Enochian , hermetic and alchemical symbols. Grau was also a strong influence on Orlok's verminous and emaciated look and he also designed the film’s sets, costumes, make-up and the letter with the Enochian symbols. He also was responsible for film's advertising campaign, creating movie posters and advertisements. Grau’s visual style
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