Landsfort Herle was a fortification with a moat in the centre of Heerlen, Netherlands (roughly the current Pancratiusplein). It was probably built by the counts of Ahr-Hochstaden (also referred to as Heren van Are ) The name Landsfort (‘fort of the land’) was introduced in the 19th century, based on the fact that the fortification falls under the responsibility of the land. The fort can more accurately be classified as a so called fortress church ( German : Kirchenburg ); a (fortified) church surrounded by a curtain wall. Landsfort Herle appears to be the only Kirchenburg in the Netherlands (not to be confused with Wehrkirchen or fortified churches , which are more numerous, but lack the curtain wall). In the 13th century Heerlen and landsfort Herle, came into the possession of the Dukes of Brabant . The Landsfort was (re)built by the Dukes of Brabant in 1244.
15-587: The curtain wall is believed to be one of the oldest still recognisable in the Netherlands, part of it has been excavated. A model of the fort was constructed based on a map from 1787, which was found during extensive restorations to the Pancratiuskerk in the 1960s. The fort had three gates and two towers; the belfry of the church and the Schelmentoren , both with 2 metre thick walls. Small rooms were built into
30-602: A guard . The overall shape of the sword when held point down is that of a cross. It was very popular due to the protection it offered to the hand and certain attacks that rely on the cross to trap the blade of the enemy. See Sword . Cruciform web designs use a cross-shaped web page that expands to fill the width and height of the web browser window. There are a number of different approaches to implementing them. In addition to common cross-shaped products, such as key chains and magnets, certain designers have gone so far as to create cruciform devices and accessories. For example,
45-456: A musical cryptogram known as the BACH motif that is a cruciform melody, employed the device extensively. The subject of the fugue in c-sharp minor from The Well-Tempered Clavier Book I is cruciform. See also: Cross motif . Some airplanes use a cruciform tail design, wherein the horizontal stabilizer is positioned midway up the vertical stabilizer, forming a cruciform shape when viewed from
60-449: A sacristy and a baptistry were built on the south side. The current interior is a mixture of an interior created by Pierre Cuypers in 1880 and a modernisation of 1969. Frescoes created by Charles Eyck decorate parts of the ceiling. The stained glass windows dating from between 1947 until the 1960s was created by Eugène Laudy and include Saint Nicholas , Saint Andrew , Saint Barbara , and Saint Servatius . The building
75-568: A Dutch building or structure is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Pancratiuskerk The Pancratiuskerk ( St. Pancras Church) is a Roman Catholic church in Heerlen in the Netherlands . Although no written sources about the origin of the church are known, a comparative study (including among others Onze-Lieve-Vrouwebasiliek in Maastricht ) concludes that building started in
90-563: A cruciform architecture. In Early Christian , Byzantine and other Eastern Orthodox forms of church architecture this is likely to mean a tetraconch plan, a Greek cross , with arms of equal length or, later, a cross-in-square plan. In the Western churches, a cruciform architecture usually, though not exclusively, means a church built with the layout developed in Gothic architecture . This layout comprises: In churches that are not oriented with
105-550: A straight line drawn between the outer pair bisects a straight line drawn between the inner pair, thus forming a cross. In its simplest form, the cruciform melody is a changing tone , where the melody ascends or descends by step , skips below or above the first pitch, then returns to the first pitch by step. Often representative of the Christian cross, such melodies are cruciform in their retrogrades or inversions. Johann Sebastian Bach , whose last name may be represented in tones through
120-493: Is a triple-aisled cruciform basilica in a combination of Romanesque and Neoromanesque styles. 50°53′16″N 5°58′48″E / 50.8878°N 5.9801°E / 50.8878; 5.9801 Cruciform#Cruciform architectural plan Cruciform is a term for physical manifestations resembling a common cross or Christian cross . The label can be extended to architectural shapes, biology, art, and design. Christian churches are commonly described as having
135-422: Is important for the critical biological processes of DNA recombination and repair mutations that occur in the cell. A cruciform joint is a specific joint in which four spaces are created by the welding of three plates of metal at right angles. A cruciform manuscript was a form of Anglo-Saxon / Insular manuscript written with the words in a block shaped like a cross. In music, a melody of four pitches where
150-453: The altar at the geographical east end, it is usual to refer to the altar end as "liturgical east" and so forth. Methodist tabernacles also have a cruciform shape. Another example of ancient cruciform architecture can be found in Herod's temple, the second Jewish temple . DNA can undergo transitions to form a cruciform shape, including a structure called a Holliday junction . This structure
165-519: The first half of the 12th century. However, since this study the age of both Onze-Lieve-Vrouwebasiliek and the church of Rolduc have been pushed back two centuries. It is suggested that the building of the Pancratiuskerk also started earlier, the 11th and possibly 10th century are most likely. It is believed that the building was commissioned by the counts of Ahr-Hochstaden in the Rhineland , then
SECTION 10
#1733093370428180-590: The front or rear. Some examples are the F-9 Cougar , the F-10 Skyknight and the Sud Aviation Caravelle . The cruciform tail gives the benefit of clearing the aerodynamics of the tail away from the wake of the engine, while not requiring the same amount of strengthening of the vertical tail section in comparison with a T-tail design. The plain sword used by knights , distinctive due to the flat bar used as
195-497: The lords of Heerlen. The current bell tower was built in 1394, and for the size of the church at that time was of a relatively heavy construction. The tower served as part of the defense mechanism for the Landsfort Herle . From 1632 till 1836 the Pancratiuskerk served as a shared church for both Catholics and Protestants. The Protestants obtained their own church in 1836 and the arrangement ended. A stair tower, located on
210-448: The rafters of the church, to provide shelter for the inhabitants of Heerlen during hostilities. Unfortunately these rooms were destroyed when a supposedly German bomb strucik the church on New Year's Eve 1944/1945. This military base or fortification article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Dutch-history -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about
225-500: The south side of the bell tower was built in 1862. Between 1901 and 1903 Joseph Cuypers renovated and enlarged the church. The choir was demolished and replaced by a new eastern part, with a transept , crossing tower and a new choir, all in neo-romanesque style and using marl stone. Frits Peutz , best known for the Glaspaleis located on the same square, supervised the repair of war damage between 1945 and 1948. In 1960
#427572