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104-572: Kirby's Return to Dream Land (released as Kirby's Adventure Wii in PAL regions for the platform) is a 2011 action - platform game developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Wii . It is the ninth mainline installment and the twenty-second game in the Kirby series. The game's plot follows Kirby , King Dedede , Meta Knight , and Bandana Waddle Dee as they help an alien named Magolor recover

208-475: A GameCube title to be released in late 2005, but development of the title was later shifted to the successor console, the Wii. The game was presumed to be canceled until it was re-announced in 2011. The game was made available on the Wii U 's Nintendo eShop in 2015. Some elements from the cancelled Kirby title of 2005 were carried over to Kirby's Return to Dream Land , such as the ability for players to stack up in

312-452: A Kirby Wii title was still in the making. Nintendo announced the game Kirby's Epic Yarn at E3 2010 , a separate title that was in development by Good-Feel . Some believed this to be the manifestation of the canceled Kirby game until Nintendo re-announced the game in January 2011, with a release date set within the same year. At E3 2011 , the game was demonstrated in playable form under

416-1039: A Local Area Network (LAN) version, 1991's Spectre for the Apple Macintosh, featured AppleTalk support for up to eight players. Spectre's popularity was partially attributed to the display of a player's name above their cybertank. There followed 1993's Doom , whose first network version allowed four simultaneous players. Play-by-email multiplayer games use email to communicate between computers. Other turn-based variations not requiring players to be online simultaneously are Play-by-post gaming and Play-by-Internet . Some online games are " massively multiplayer ", with many players participating simultaneously. Two massively multiplayer genres are MMORPG (such as World of Warcraft or EverQuest ) and MMORTS . First-person shooters have become popular multiplayer games; Battlefield 1942 and Counter-Strike have little (or no) single-player gameplay. Developer and gaming site OMGPOP 's library included multiplayer Flash games for

520-461: A wide area network (a common example being the Internet). Unlike local multiplayer, players playing online multiplayer are not restricted to the same local network. This allows players to interact with others from a much greater distance. Playing multiplayer online offers the benefits of distance, but it also comes with its own unique challenges. Gamers refer to latency using the term " ping ", after

624-410: A 6 MHz channel with a chrominance subcarrier frequency of 3.582056 MHz (917/4*H) similar to NTSC (910/4*H). On the studio production level, standard PAL cameras and equipment were used, with video signals then transcoded to PAL-N for broadcast. This allows 625 line, 50 frames per second video to be broadcast in a 6 MHz channel, at some cost in horizontal resolution . In Brazil, PAL

728-555: A Copy Ability's essence and throw them back to Kirby to be inhaled. If a discarded ability from these characters is left untouched, it will vanish shortly afterward. Each copy ability has multiple attacks that are utilized depending on the combination of button-inputs pressed by the player. New abilities introduced in this game are the Whip ability, which lets Kirby grab out-of-reach items, the Water ability, which allows Kirby to extinguish fires, and

832-584: A European signal. The BBC tested their pre-war (but still broadcast until 1985) 405-line monochrome system ( CCIR System A ) with all three colour standards including PAL, before the decision was made to abandon 405 and transmit colour on 625/ System I only. Many countries have turned off analogue transmissions, so the following does not apply anymore, except for using devices which output RF signals, such as video recorders . The majority of countries using or having used PAL have television standards with 625 lines and 50 fields per second. Differences concern

936-478: A LAN. This involves multiple devices using one local network to play together. Networked multiplayer games on LAN eliminate common problems faced when playing online such as lag and anonymity. Games played on a LAN network are the focus of LAN parties . While local co-op and LAN parties still take place, there has been a decrease in both due to an increasing number of players and games utilizing online multiplayer gaming. Online multiplayer games connect players over

1040-865: A PAL-N TV broadcast can be sent to anyone in European countries that use PAL (and Australia/New Zealand, etc.) and it will display in colour. This will also play back successfully in Russia and other SECAM countries, as the USSR mandated PAL compatibility in 1985—this has proved to be very convenient for video collectors. People in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay usually own TV sets that also display NTSC-M, in addition to PAL-N. DirecTV also conveniently broadcasts in NTSC-M for North, Central, and South America. Most DVD players sold in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay also play PAL discs—however, this

1144-564: A bonus game is played in which players time a button press to jump as high as possible to earn additional items. The player controls Kirby , who retains his signature ability to inhale objects and enemies. The inhaled objects can either be swallowed, or propelled back out as a projectile. Kirby can also do a "Super Inhale", where shaking the Wii Remote or inhaling for a long time makes Kirby's inhale stronger. A Super Inhale has extended range and can suck up "Heave-ho Blocks", which are immovable from

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1248-673: A cable. Their article includes a type-in , two-player Hangman , and describes the authors' more-sophisticated Flash Attack . SuperSet Software 's Snipes (1981) uses networking technology that would become Novell NetWare . Digital Equipment Corporation distributed another multi-user version of Star Trek , Decwar , without real-time screen updating; it was widely distributed to universities with DECsystem-10s. In 1981 Cliff Zimmerman wrote an homage to Star Trek in MACRO-10 for DECsystem-10s and -20s using VT100-series graphics. "VTtrek" pitted four Federation players against four Klingons in

1352-423: A comb-like effect known as Hanover bars on larger phase errors. Thus, most receivers now use a chrominance analogue delay line , which stores the received colour information on each line of display; an average of the colour information from the previous line and the current line is then used to drive the picture tube . The effect is that phase errors result in saturation changes, which are less objectionable than

1456-527: A delay line and suffering from the “ Hanover bars ” effect. An example of this solution is the Kuba Porta Color CK211P set. Another solution was to use a 1H analogue delay line to allow decoding of only the odd or even lines. For example, the chrominance on odd lines would be switched directly through to the decoder and also be stored in the delay line. Then, on even lines, the stored odd line would be decoded again. This method (known as 'gated NTSC')

1560-513: A dimension-hopping spaceship called the Lor Starcutter suddenly flies out of a dimensional rift and crashes onto Kirby's home planet of Popstar. As Kirby, Meta Knight, King Dedede and Bandana Waddle Dee go to investigate, they meet an alien named Magolor , who discovers that the five vital pieces of his ship have been scattered across the planet, with the 120 Energy Spheres being scattered across both Popstar and Halcandra. With Magolor offering them

1664-451: A drastically different way, with different mechanics, a different type of objective, or both. Examples of games with strong asymmetry include Dead by Daylight , Evolve , and Left 4 Dead . Asynchronous multiplayer is a form of multiplayer gameplay where players do not have to be playing at the same time. This form of multiplayer game has its origins in play-by-mail games , where players would send their moves through postal mail to

1768-476: A game master, who then would compile and send out results for the next turn. Play-by-mail games transitioned to electronic form as play-by-email games. Similar games were developed for bulletin board systems , such as Trade Wars , where the turn structure may not be as rigorous and allow players to take actions at any time in a persistence space alongside all other players, a concept known as sporadic play. These types of asynchronous multiplayer games waned with

1872-415: A multiple-system, multiplayer mode. Turn-based games such as chess also lend themselves to single system single screen and even to a single controller. Multiple types of games allow players to use local multiplayer. The term "local co-op" or "couch co-op" refers to local multiplayer games played in a cooperative manner on the same system; these may use split-screen or some other display method. Another option

1976-403: A number of console , and personal computer games too. Local multiplayer games played on a singular system sometimes use split screen , so each player has an individual view of the action (important in first-person shooters and in racing video games ) Nearly all multiplayer modes on beat 'em up games have a single-system option, but racing games have started to abandon split-screen in favor of

2080-405: A player upgrades them. Players 2–4 people can play as various recolors of Magolor in this mode. All players share from a pool of lives, with each player requiring one life to enter the game. If one of the three additional players loses a life, they can spend an extra life to rejoin the game. However, if player one dies, all players stop play and gameplay restarts from the last checkpoint. One day,

2184-547: A program running on each terminal (for each player), sharing a segment of shared memory (known as the "high segment" in the OS TOPS-10). The games became popular, and the university often banned them because of their RAM use . STAR was based on 1974's single-user, turn-oriented BASIC program STAR, written by Michael O'Shaughnessy at UNH. Wasserman and Stryker in 1980 described in BYTE how to network two Commodore PET computers with

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2288-470: A quasi-unique positive video modulation, system L) unless they are manufactured for the French market. They will correctly display plain (non-broadcast) CVBS or S-video SECAM signals. Many can also accept baseband NTSC-M, such as from a VCR or game console, and RF modulated NTSC with a PAL standard audio subcarrier (i.e., from a modulator), though not usually broadcast NTSC (as its 4.5 MHz audio subcarrier

2392-506: A regular inhale; the Super Inhale also allows Kirby to inhale other players and most large enemies. Certain enemies, when swallowed, give Kirby access to a wide variety of "Copy Abilities", which gives Kirby the attack properties of the enemies he inhales. Kirby can only possess one copy ability at a time. Other players playing as another character through multiplayer , or those playing as King Dedede, Meta Knight, or Waddle Dee, can hold onto

2496-427: A significantly different experience of the game. In games with light asymmetry, the players share some of the same basic mechanics (such as movement and death), yet have different roles in the game; this is a common feature of the multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) genre such as League of Legends and Dota 2 , and in hero shooters such as Overwatch and Apex Legends . A first-person shooter that adopts

2600-609: A single computer were STAR (based on Star Trek ), OCEAN (a battle using ships, submarines and helicopters, with players divided between two combating cities) and 1975's CAVE (based on Dungeons & Dragons ), created by Christopher Caldwell (with artwork and suggestions by Roger Long and assembly coding by Robert Kenney) on the University of New Hampshire 's DECsystem-10 90. The university's computer system had hundreds of terminals, connected (via serial lines) through cluster PDP-11s for student, teacher, and staff access. The games had

2704-503: A three-dimensional universe. Flight Simulator II , released in 1986 for the Atari ST and Commodore Amiga, allowed two players to connect via modem or serial cable and fly together in a shared environment. MIDI Maze , an early first-person shooter released in 1987 for the Atari ST , featured network multiplay through a MIDI interface before Ethernet and Internet play became common. It

2808-521: A totem carried by the player on the bottom of the stack. Other elements from the Kirby title of 2005, such as Kirby's ability to befriend up to three "Helpers" (a gameplay mechanic from Kirby Super Star ), were modified and carried over to another Kirby game, released in 2018 on the Nintendo Switch , Kirby Star Allies . Kirby's Return to Dream Land received generally positive reviews, with praise for

2912-415: A trip to his homeworld of Halcandra should they help fix his ship, Kirby and his friends set off to recover the lost pieces. After retrieving the main pieces, they travel to Halcandra, where they are attacked by a four-headed dragon named Landia. Magolor claims Landia is an evil beast that has taken over Halcandra and sends Kirby to defeat it. However, after Landia is defeated, Magolor reveals his true motive

3016-658: A typical bandwidth of 1.3 MHz. Composite PAL signal = E ′ Y + E ′ U sin ⁡ ( ω t ) + E ′ V cos ⁡ ( ω t ) + {\displaystyle =E'{\scriptstyle {\text{Y}}}+E'{\scriptstyle {\text{U}}}\sin(\omega t)+E'{\scriptstyle {\text{V}}}\cos(\omega t)+} timing where ω = 2 π F S C {\displaystyle \omega =2\pi F_{SC}} . Subcarrier frequency F S C {\displaystyle F_{SC}}

3120-400: A utility which measures round-trip network communication delays (by the use of ICMP packets). A player on a DSL connection with a 50- ms ping can react faster than a modem user with a 350-ms average latency. Other problems include packet loss and choke, which can prevent a player from "registering" their actions with a server. In first-person shooters, this problem appears when bullets hit

3224-406: A yellow, blue or green Kirby, or as one of three unique characters: Meta Knight , King Dedede , and Waddle Dee . Each of these characters possess traits from corresponding Copy Abilities based on the way each character moves and attacks, though only Kirbys are able to inhale enemies and use Copy Abilities. Players are able to ride on top of each other as a "totem", which, with perfect timing, allows

Kirby's Return to Dream Land - Misplaced Pages Continue

3328-411: Is hot-seat games . Hot-seat games are typically turn-based games with only one controller or input set – such as a single keyboard/mouse on the system. Players rotate using the input device to perform their turn such that each is taking a turn on the "hot-seat". Not all local multiplayer games are played on the same console or personal computer. Some local multiplayer games are played over

3432-462: Is 100% for white level, 30% for black, and 0% for sync. The CVBS electrical amplitude is Vpp 1.0  V and impedance of 75 Ω . The vertical timings are: (Total vertical sync time 1.6 ms) As PAL is interlaced, every two fields are summed to make a complete picture frame. PAL colorimetry, as defined by the ITU on REC-BT.470, and based on CIE 1931 x,y coordinates: The assumed display gamma

3536-426: Is 4.43361875  MHz for PAL 4.43, compared to 3.579545 MHz for NTSC 3.58. The SECAM system, on the other hand, uses a frequency modulation scheme on its two line alternate colour subcarriers 4.25000 and 4.40625 MHz. The name "Phase Alternating Line" describes the way that the phase of part of the colour information on the video signal is reversed with each line, which automatically corrects phase errors in

3640-441: Is 4.43361875 MHz (±5 Hz) for PAL-B/D/G/H/I/N. The PAL colour system is usually used with a video format that has 625 lines per frame (576 visible lines, the rest being used for other information such as sync data and captioning) and a refresh rate of 50  interlaced fields per second (compatible with 25 full frames per second), such systems being B , G , H , I , and N (see broadcast television systems for

3744-501: Is considered the first multiplayer 3D shooter on a mainstream system, and the first network multiplayer action-game (with support for up to 16 players). There followed ports to a number of platforms (including Game Boy and Super NES ) in 1991 under the title Faceball 2000 , making it one of the first handheld, multi-platform first-person shooters and an early console example of the genre. Networked multiplayer gaming modes are known as "netplay". The first popular video-game title with

3848-678: Is defeated. The credits sequence reveals that via the portal, Magolor ends up in the village of the Dream Kingdom, which is located in an alternate universe , with the Gem Apple seed, now reduced to a sapling, being planted as the village's Gem Apple tree. Having now redeemed himself, Magolor takes up residence as the Dream Kingdom's shopkeeper, leading into the events of Team Kirby Clash Deluxe and Super Kirby Clash . Kirby's Return to Dream Land received "generally favorable" reviews, based on review aggregator Metacritic . According to Nintendo,

3952-949: Is defined as 2.8. The PAL-M system uses color primary and gamma values similar to NTSC. Color is encoded using the YUV color space. Luma ( E ′ Y {\displaystyle E'{\scriptstyle {\text{Y}}}} ) is derived from red, green, and blue ( E ′ R , E ′ G , E ′ B {\displaystyle E'{\scriptstyle {\text{R}}},E'{\scriptstyle {\text{G}}},E'{\scriptstyle {\text{B}}}} ) gamma pre-corrected ( E ′ {\displaystyle E'} ) primary signals: E ′ U {\displaystyle E'{\scriptstyle {\text{U}}}} and E ′ V {\displaystyle E'{\scriptstyle {\text{V}}}} are used to transmit chrominance . Each has

4056-522: Is not supported). Many sets also support NTSC with a 4.43 MHz color subcarrier (see PAL 60 on the next section). VHS tapes recorded from a PAL-N or a PAL-B/G, D/K, H, or I broadcast are indistinguishable because the downconverted subcarrier on the tape is the same. A VHS recorded off TV (or released) in Europe will play in colour on any PAL-N VCR and PAL-N TV in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. Likewise, any tape recorded in Argentina, Paraguay or Uruguay off

4160-516: Is often known as "PAL 60" (sometimes "PAL 60/525", "Quasi-PAL" or "Pseudo PAL"). PAL-M (a broadcast standard) however should not be confused with "PAL 60" (a video playback system—see below). PAL television receivers manufactured since the 1990s can typically decode all of the PAL variants except, in some cases PAL-M and PAL-N. Many such receivers can also receive Eastern European and Middle Eastern SECAM, though rarely French-broadcast SECAM (because France used

4264-506: Is only used on UHF. Although System I is used on both bands, it has only been used on UHF in the United Kingdom. The PAL-L (Phase Alternating Line with CCIR System L broadcast system) standard uses the same video system as PAL-B/G/H (625 lines, 50 Hz field rate, 15.625 kHz line rate), but with a larger 6 MHz video bandwidth rather than 5.5 MHz and moving the audio subcarrier to 6.5 MHz. An 8 MHz channel spacing

Kirby's Return to Dream Land - Misplaced Pages Continue

4368-486: Is used for PAL-L, to maintain compatibility with System L channel spacings. The PAL-N standard was created in Argentina , through Resolution No. 100 ME/76, which determined the creation of a study commission for a national color standard. The commission recommended using PAL under CCIR System N that Paraguay and Uruguay also used. It employs the 625 line/50 field per second waveform of PAL-B/G, D/K, H, and I, but on

4472-537: Is used in conjunction with the 525 line, 60 field/s CCIR System M , using (very nearly) the NTSC colour subcarrier frequency. Exact colour subcarrier frequency of PAL-M is 3.575611 MHz, or 227.25 times System M's horizontal scan frequency. Almost all other countries using system M use NTSC. The PAL colour system (either baseband or with any RF system, with the normal 4.43 MHz subcarrier unlike PAL-M) can also be applied to an NTSC-like 525-line picture to form what

4576-572: Is usually output in the European variant (colour subcarrier frequency 4.433618 MHz), so people who own a TV set which only works in PAL-N (plus NTSC-M in most cases) will have to watch those PAL DVD imports in black and white (unless the TV supports RGB SCART ) as the colour subcarrier frequency in the TV set is the PAL-N variation, 3.582056 MHz. Multiplayer video game The history of multiplayer video games extends over several decades, tracing back to

4680-402: The 625-line /50 Hz television system in general, to differentiate from the 525-line /60 Hz system generally used with NTSC. For example, DVDs were labelled as PAL or NTSC (referring to the line count and frame rate) even though technically the discs carry neither PAL nor NTSC encoded signal. These devices would still have analog outputs (ex; composite video output), and would convert

4784-783: The Compagnie Générale de Télévision where Henri de France developed SECAM, the first European Standard for colour television. Thomson, now called Technicolour SA, also owns the RCA brand and licences it to other companies; Radio Corporation of America , the originator of that brand, created the NTSC colour TV standard before Thomson became involved. The Soviets developed two further systems, mixing concepts from PAL and SECAM, known as TRIPAL and NIIR, that never went beyond tests. In 1993, an evolution of PAL aimed to improve and enhance format by allowing 16:9 aspect ratio broadcasts, while remaining compatible with existing television receivers,

4888-682: The European Broadcasting Union (EBU) on 3 January 1963. When asked why the system was named "PAL" and not "Bruch", the inventor answered that a "Bruch system" would probably not have sold very well ("Bruch" is the German word for "breakage" ). The first broadcasts began in the United Kingdom in July 1967, followed by West Germany at the Berlin IFA on August 25. The BBC channel initially using

4992-578: The Guinness World Record for best selling MMO video game. This category of games requires multiple machines to connect via the Internet; before the Internet became popular, MUDs were played on time-sharing computer systems and games like Doom were played on a LAN. Beginning with the Sega NetLink in 1996, Game.com in 1997 and Dreamcast in 2000, game consoles support network gaming over LANs and

5096-546: The Kirby game appeared on a list of upcoming Wii games , tentatively named Hoshi no Kābī ( 星のカービィ , lit. "Kirby of the Stars" ) , set for release in Japan. The December 2006 issue of Nintendo Power removed Kirby from its list of GameCube releases, but did not place it on its list of Wii releases. Matt Casamassina of IGN , posting on his blog, furthered the idea of a Wii release by stating that it would indeed be released for

5200-419: The Kirby series, the game features 3D models for player characters and enemies rather than sprites . Throughout the game, Kirby can collect items which will heal him; food items that recover health, items that give him an extra life , or by collecting 100 stars, which immediately grants him an extra life. There are also various items Kirby can use to interact with the environment. At the end of each stage,

5304-446: The Wii in 2007. He compared it to Donkey Kong Barrel Blast , another game that was originally announced as a GameCube title, but eventually released on Wii. While the game did not appear at E3 2007 , Beth Llewelyn of Nintendo of America confirmed the game "had not been abandoned." The December 2007 issue of Official Nintendo Magazine claimed that a Kirby game for Wii was not in development. On May 7, 2010, Nintendo confirmed that

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5408-519: The 1980s further popularized multiplayer gaming. Titles like Super Mario Bros. for the NES and Golden Axe for the Sega Genesis introduced cooperative and competitive gameplay. Additionally, LAN gaming emerged in the late 1980s, enabling players to connect multiple computers for multiplayer gameplay, popularized by titles like Doom and Warcraft: Orcs & Humans . Players can also play together in

5512-468: The Internet. Over time the number of people playing video games has increased. In 2020, the majority of households in the United States have an occupant that plays video games, and 65% of gamers play multiplayer games with others either online or in person. For some games, "multiplayer" implies that players are playing on the same gaming system or network. This applies to all arcade games , but also to

5616-496: The Internet. Many mobile phones and handheld consoles also offer wireless gaming with Bluetooth (or similar) technology. By the early 2010s online gaming had become a mainstay of console platforms such as Xbox and PlayStation . During the 2010s, as the number of Internet users increased, two new video game genres rapidly gained worldwide popularity – multiplayer online battle arena and battle royale game , both designed exclusively for multiplayer gameplay over

5720-732: The Leaf ability, which lets Kirby use leaves as a form of attack and conjure a pile of leaves to hide in and become invulnerable to nearly all attacks. The Nintendo Switch remake introduces both the Mecha ability, which gives Kirby laser cannons and robotic arms, and the Sand ability, which allows Kirby to morph sand into various shapes, as well as reintroducing the Festival ability from Kirby Star Allies . The game introduces more powerful, temporary Copy Abilities called "Super Abilities," which are able to destroy parts of

5824-505: The Lor Starcutter. Magalor removes Kirby and his friends from the Landia dragons before they come to fight him in a final battle. During the battle, Magolor transforms into a larger monster. Kirby and his friends destroy the Master Crown, while Magolor is transported to somewhere. With the Master Crown shattered and Magolor defeated, Kirby and friends return to Popstar, after a close call escaping

5928-476: The Master Crown remnants combine with the Gem Apple, transforming into a massive tree-like being, known as the Tree Crown Without a Ruler. Magolor fights the Master Crown, and eventually defeats it for good by infusing a sword with his magic, turning it into an Ultra Sword, and slicing the Master Crown in half. Magolor then leaves Another Dimension through a dimensional rift that opens up after the Master Crown

6032-605: The Nintendo 64 in the late 1990s. Although the second build was canceled due to not meeting HAL Laboratory's quality standards, they would continue to experiment with 3D Kirby titles, eventually culminating in Kirby and the Forgotten Land for the Nintendo Switch. Shinya Kumazaki , who had directed Kirby Super Star Ultra , was brought on to direct the Wii project when the third build was canceled in early 2010. Realizing that

6136-481: The alternating subcarrier phase to reduce phase errors, described as " PAL-D " for "delay", and " PAL-N " for "new" or " Chrominance Lock ". This excluded very basic PAL decoders that relied on the human eye to average out the odd/even line phase errors, and in the early 1970s some Japanese set manufacturers developed basic decoding systems to avoid paying royalties to Telefunken . These variations are known as " PAL-S " (for "simple" or "Volks-PAL"), operating without

6240-565: The analog colour system itself. In the 1950s, the Western European countries began plans to introduce colour television, and were faced with the problem that the NTSC standard demonstrated several weaknesses, including colour tone shifting under poor transmission conditions, which became a major issue considering Europe's geographical and weather-related particularities. To overcome NTSC's shortcomings, alternative standards were devised, resulting in

6344-628: The arcades. The games had broader consoles to allow for four sets of controls. Ken Wasserman and Tim Stryker identified three factors which make networked computer games appealing: John G. Kemeny wrote in 1972 that software running on the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System (DTSS) had recently gained the ability to support multiple simultaneous users, and that games were the first use of the functionality. DTSS's popular American football game, he said, now supported head-to-head play by two humans. The first large-scale serial sessions using

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6448-425: The asymmetrical multiplayer system is Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege . Giving players their own special operator changes every player's experience. This puts an emphasis on players improvising their own game plan given the abilities their character has. In games with stronger elements of asymmetry, one player/team may have one gameplay experience (or be in softly asymmetric roles) while the other player or team play in

6552-399: The audio carrier frequency and channel bandwidths. The variants are: Systems B and G are similar. System B specifies 7 MHz channel bandwidth, while System G specifies 8 MHz channel bandwidth. Australia and China used Systems B and D respectively for VHF and UHF channels. Similarly, Systems D and K are similar except for the bands they use: System D is only used on VHF, while System K

6656-451: The broadcast standard was BBC2 , which had been the first UK TV service to introduce "625-lines" during 1964. The Netherlands and Switzerland started PAL broadcasts by 1968, with Austria following the next year. Telefunken PALcolour 708T was the first PAL commercial TV set. It was followed by Loewe -Farbfernseher S 920 and F 900 . Telefunken was later bought by the French electronics manufacturer Thomson . Thomson also bought

6760-404: The casual player until it was shut down in 2013. Some networked multiplayer games, including MUDs and massively multiplayer online games (MMOs) such as RuneScape , omit a single-player mode. The largest MMO in 2008 was World of Warcraft , with over 10 million registered players worldwide. World of Warcraft would hit its peak at 12 million players two years later in 2010, and in 2023 earned

6864-411: The colour carrier is a result of 283.75 colour clock cycles per line plus a 25 Hz offset to avoid interferences. Since the line frequency (number of lines per second) is 15625 Hz (625 lines × 50 Hz ÷ 2), the colour carrier frequency calculates as follows: 4.43361875 MHz = 283.75 × 15625 Hz + 25 Hz. The frequency 50 Hz is the optional refresh frequency of

6968-415: The colour decoder circuitry to distinguish the phase of the R − Y ′ {\displaystyle R-Y'} vector which reverses every line. For PAL-B/G the signal has these characteristics. (Total horizontal sync time 12.05 μs) After 0.9 μs a 2.25 ± 0.23 μs colourburst of 10 ± 1 cycles is sent. Most rise/fall times are in 250 ± 50  ns range. Amplitude

7072-596: The development of the PAL and SECAM standards. The goal was to provide a colour TV standard for the European picture frequency of 50  fields per second (50  hertz ), and finding a way to eliminate the problems with NTSC. PAL was developed by Walter Bruch at Telefunken in Hanover , West Germany , with important input from Gerhard Mahler  [ de ] . The format was patented by Telefunken in December 1962, citing Bruch as inventor, and unveiled to members of

7176-508: The digital signals ( 576i or 480i ) to the analog standards to assure compatibility. CCIR 625/50 and EIA 525/60 are the proper names for these (line count and field rate) standards; PAL and NTSC on the other hand are methods of encoding colour information in the signal. "PAL-D", "PAL-N", "PAL-H" and "PAL-K" designations on this section describe PAL decoding methods and are unrelated to broadcast systems with similar names. The Telefunken licence covered any decoding method that relied on

7280-533: The emergence of electronic gaming in the mid-20th century. One of the earliest instances of multiplayer interaction was witnessed with the development of Spacewar! in 1962 for the DEC PDP-1 computer by Steve Russell and colleagues at the MIT . During the late 1970s and early 1980s, multiplayer gaming gained momentum within the arcade scene with classics like Pong and Tank . The transition to home gaming consoles in

7384-534: The enemy without damage. The player's connection is not the only factor; some servers are slower than others. A server that is geographically closer to the player's connection will often provide a lower ping. Data packets travel faster to a location that is closer to them. How far the device is from an internet connection ( router ) can also affect latency. Asymmetrical multiplayer is a type of gameplay in which players can have significantly different roles or abilities from each other – enough to provide

7488-601: The environment and inflict tremendous damage across a wide range. Unlike regular Copy Abilities, ejecting a Super Ability will cause the Super Ability to be discarded instantly. Five Super Abilities exist: Ultra Sword, Monster Flame, Flare Beam, Grand Hammer, and Snow Bowl, which are enhanced versions of the Sword, Fire, Beam, Hammer, and Ice Copy Abilities respectively. The game features drop-in cooperative multiplayer for up to three additional players. These players can either play as

7592-433: The equivalent hue changes of NTSC. A minor drawback is that the vertical colour resolution is poorer than the NTSC system's, but since the human eye also has a colour resolution that is much lower than its brightness resolution, this effect is not visible. In any case, NTSC, PAL, and SECAM all have chrominance bandwidth (horizontal colour detail) reduced greatly compared to the luma signal. The 4.43361875 MHz frequency of

7696-518: The failures of the first three attempts were caused by too much focus on multiplayer, the development team shifted focus to the single-player experience, though they ultimately kept multiplayer as a low-priority feature. Development of the final version accelerated in October 2010, when the game began to take form. Kirby ' s long development caused the game to frequently appear and then disappear from Nintendo's upcoming game lists. On September 14, 2006,

7800-533: The fun in spades." The graphics and visuals were praised for being detailed and vibrant. GameSpot reviewer Nathan Meunier called the levels beautifully designed, appreciating each one's environment. Complaints were raised of how the game lacked difficulty, mostly from the use of multiplayer. IGN stated that the game could appeal to a younger audience with a simple difficulty level. Kirby's Return to Dream Land Deluxe also received "generally favorable" reviews according to Metacritic, scoring slightly higher than

7904-425: The game experience to give one player an advantage over others, such as using an " aimbot " – a program which automatically locks the player's crosshairs onto a target – in shooting games. This is also known as "hacking" or "glitching" ("glitching" refers to using a glitch , or a mistake in the code of a game, whereas "hacking" is manipulating the code of a game). Cheating in video games

8008-424: The game sold 1.31 million copies by March 2012. Multiple critics appreciated the return of traditional Kirby gameplay, compared to unique content such as Kirby's Epic Yarn . The game was called nostalgic and reminiscent of previous games, with Jim Sterling of Destructoid describing the game as "refreshing" and stating that "Kirby doesn't need to innovate, he just needs to be fun; Return to Dream Land brings

8112-532: The game was announced for the Nintendo Switch titled Kirby's Return to Dream Land Deluxe . Additions to the original include new Mecha and Sand Abilities, a comic book -esque graphical style, and all new sub-games. During the Nintendo Direct on February 8, 2023, a new mode, Magolor Epilogue: The Interdimensional Traveler , was announced. The game was released on February 24, 2023. Magolor Epilogue: The Interdimensional Traveler stars Magolor after his defeat at

8216-464: The game were developed and scrapped. The first version was similar to the graphical and gameplay style of Kirby 64 , rendered in 3D, but using traditional 2D side-scrolling gameplay. The tentatively-titled Kirby for Nintendo GameCube would also support multiplayer with up to four players, featuring an expansion of the Helper system from Kirby Super Star . This build was demonstrated at E3 in 2005, and

8320-584: The hands of Kirby and his friends. Stranded in the depths of Another Dimension and without most of his powers, Magolor sets out trying to reclaim them while also collecting Fruit Fragments, parts of a mysterious fruit called the Gem Apple. He eventually repairs the Gem Apple Seed at the Ethereal Altar, but it is soon corrupted by the remnants of the Master Crown, becoming the Crowned Doomer. After its defeat,

8424-581: The latter was an early first-person shooter . Other early video games included turn-based multiplayer modes, popular in tabletop arcade machines . In such games, play is alternated at some point (often after the loss of a life ). All players' scores are often displayed onscreen so players can see their relative standing. Danielle Bunten Berry created some of the first multiplayer video games, such as her debut, Wheeler Dealers (1978) and her most notable work, M.U.L.E. (1983). Gauntlet (1985) and Quartet (1986) introduced co-operative 4-player gaming to

8528-432: The monitor to be able to create an illusion of motion, while 625 lines means the vertical lines or resolution that the PAL system supports. The original colour carrier is required by the colour decoder to recreate the colour difference signals. Since the carrier is not transmitted with the video information it has to be generated locally in the receiver. In order that the phase of this locally generated signal can match

8632-400: The monochrome luma signal, with the three RGB colour channels mixed down onto two, U {\displaystyle U} and V {\displaystyle V} . Like NTSC, PAL uses a quadrature amplitude modulated subcarrier carrying the chrominance information added to the luma video signal to form a composite video baseband signal. The frequency of this subcarrier

8736-529: The monochrome image) are transmitted together as one signal. A latter evolution of the standard, PALplus , added support for widescreen broadcasts with no loss of vertical image resolution , while retaining compatibility with existing sets. Almost all of the countries using PAL are currently in the process of conversion , or have already converted transmission standards to DVB , ISDB or DTMB . The PAL designation continues to be used in some non-broadcast contexts, especially regarding console video games . PAL

8840-518: The name "PAL" might be used to refer to digital formats, even though they use completely different colour encoding systems. For instance, 576i (576 interlaced lines) digital video with colour encoded as YCbCr , intended to be backward compatible and easily displayed on legacy PAL devices, is usually mentioned as "PAL" (eg: "PAL DVD"). Likewise, video game consoles outputting a 50 Hz signal might be labeled as "PAL", as opposed to 60 Hz on NTSC machines. These designations should not be confused with

8944-598: The now collapsing Another Dimension. The Landia dragons take the Lor Starcutter and return home. A non-canon Extra Mode, which replaces Magolor's final form with Magolor Soul, reveals that Magolor may have been used as a puppet by the Master Crown itself. Development on a new Kirby game for the GameCube began after the release of Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards for the Nintendo 64 in 2000. The game underwent an 11-year development period, in which three different proposed versions of

9048-500: The original. Morgan Shaver of Shacknews stated that they liked the new Merry Magoland feature in the Switch remake, giving the overall game a positive review. The Switch remake sold 1.46 million copies as of March 2023. PAL region Phase Alternating Line ( PAL ) is a colour encoding system for analog television . It was one of three major analogue colour television standards, the others being NTSC and SECAM . In most countries it

9152-602: The pieces of the Lor Starcutter so he can return home. While Kirby's Epic Yarn was released in 2010, Kirby's Return to Dream Land is the first traditional Kirby platforming home console game since Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards , which was released in 2000 for the Nintendo 64 . The title was released in North America on October 24, 2011, in Japan on October 27, 2011, in Europe on November 25, 2011, and in Australia on December 1, 2011. Kirby's Return to Dream Land features

9256-475: The return to form of the traditional Kirby series gameplay, level design, visuals, graphics and soundtrack, but criticism for its low difficulty and multiplayer. A remake for the Nintendo Switch , Kirby's Return to Dream Land Deluxe , was released on February 24, 2023. Return to Dream Land is a 2.5D side-scrolling platform game , controlled by holding the Wii Remote sideways. Unlike previous entries in

9360-530: The same room using splitscreen . Some of the earliest video games were two-player games, including early sports games (such as 1958's Tennis For Two and 1972's Pong ), early shooter games such as Spacewar! (1962) and early racing video games such as Astro Race (1973). The first examples of multiplayer real-time games were developed on the PLATO system about 1973. Multi-user games developed on this system included 1973's Empire and 1974's Spasim ;

9464-514: The same, resulting in the different sound carrier. Instead, other European countries have changed completely from SECAM-D/K to PAL-B/G. The PAL-N system has a different sound carrier, and also a different colour subcarrier, and decoding on incompatible PAL systems results in a black-and-white image without sound. The PAL-M system has a different sound carrier and a different colour subcarrier, and does not use 625 lines or 50 frames/second. This would result in no video or audio at all when viewing

9568-410: The staple gameplay of traditional Kirby platform games, in which Kirby possesses the ability to inhale and copy enemies to gain a variety of attacks such as breathing fire or swinging a sword. The game supports cooperative multiplayer gameplay, allowing up to four players to control various Kirby characters, including King Dedede, and Meta Knight, and Bandana Waddle Dee. The game was announced as

9672-542: The technical details of each format). This ensures video interoperability. However, as some of these standards ( B/G/H , I and D/K ) use different sound carriers (5.5 MHz, 6.0 MHz and 6.5 MHz respectively), it may result in a video image without audio when viewing a signal broadcast over the air or cable. Some countries in Eastern Europe which formerly used SECAM with systems D and K have switched to PAL while leaving other aspects of their video system

9776-483: The tentative title Kirby Wii . The game was later renamed Kirby's Return to Dream Land in North America, Kirby's Adventure Wii in Europe and Australia, and Hoshi no Kirby Wii in Japan. The music was composed by Jun Ishikawa and Hirokazu Ando , with a soundtrack called Kirby Wii Music Selection featuring 45 musical pieces from the game. During the Nintendo Direct on September 13, 2022, an enhanced remake of

9880-405: The transmission of the signal by cancelling them out, at the expense of vertical frame colour resolution. Lines where the colour phase is reversed compared to NTSC are often called PAL or phase-alternation lines, which justifies one of the expansions of the acronym, while the other lines are called NTSC lines. Early PAL receivers relied on the human eye to do that cancelling; however, this resulted in

9984-412: The transmitted information, a 10 cycle burst of colour subcarrier is added to the video signal shortly after the line sync pulse, but before the picture information, during the so-called back porch . This colour burst is not actually in phase with the original colour subcarrier, but leads it by 45 degrees on the odd lines and lags it by 45 degrees on the even lines. This swinging burst enables

10088-504: The use of a charged attack, called the "Team Attack", driven by the player at the bottom. Players can also share recently ingested health-restoring items through a move called "Face-to-Face". Within the Epilogue introduced in the Switch remake, Magolor becomes a playable character, having been stripped of his powers and forced to regain them. He is able to levitate for short periods and produce energy attacks at first, and gains more abilities when

10192-686: The widespread availability of the Internet which allowed players to play against each other simultaneously, but remains an option in many strategy-related games, such as the Civilization series . Coordination of turns are subsequently managed by one computer or a centralized server. Further, many mobile games are based on sporadic play and use social interactions with other players , lacking direct player versus player game modes but allowing players to influence other players' games, coordinated through central game servers, another facet of asynchronous play. Online cheating (in gaming) usually refers to modifying

10296-484: Was adopted by Sony on their 1970s Trinitron sets ( KV-1300UB to KV-1330UB ), and came in two versions: " PAL-H " and " PAL-K " (averaging over multiple lines). It effectively treated PAL as NTSC, suffering from hue errors and other problems inherent in NTSC and required the addition of a manual hue control. Most PAL systems encode the colour information using a variant of the Y'UV colour space. Y ′ {\displaystyle Y'} comprises

10400-593: Was adopted by most European countries, by several African countries, by Argentina , Brazil , Paraguay , Uruguay , and by most of Asia Pacific (including the Middle East and South Asia) . Countries in those regions that did not adopt PAL were France , Francophone Africa, several ex- Soviet states, Japan , South Korea , Liberia , Myanmar , the Philippines , and Taiwan . With the introduction of home video releases and later digital sources (e.g. DVD-Video ),

10504-411: Was broadcast at 625 lines , 50 fields (25 frames) per second, and associated with CCIR analogue broadcast television systems B , D , G , H , I or K . The articles on analog broadcast television systems further describe frame rates , image resolution , and audio modulation. PAL video is composite video because luminance (luma, monochrome image) and chrominance (chroma, colour applied to

10608-473: Was introduced. Named PALplus , it was defined by ITU recommendation BT.1197-1. It was developed at the University of Dortmund in Germany , in cooperation with German terrestrial broadcasters and European and Japanese manufacturers. Adoption was limited to European countries. With the introduction of digital broadcasts and signal sources (ex: DVDs , game consoles), the term PAL was used imprecisely to refer to

10712-417: Was set for release later that year. However, difficulty with programming multiplayer led to this version being scrapped, though the expanded Helper concept would resurface with Kirby Star Allies for the Nintendo Switch . The second build placed Kirby in a 3D environment, and the third build returned to side-scrolling gameplay, but had the graphical style of a pop-up book , similar to Yoshi's Story for

10816-528: Was to steal the Master Crown on its head and become all-powerful, as he wears the crown and uses it to turn into a large monster, with the intent of making the entire universe bow before him, beginning with Popstar. Teaming up with Landia, who has split into four individual dragons, Kirby and his friends go chase Magolor in Another Dimension. During the chase, Magalor uses the Lor Starcutter to try to defeat Kirby and his friends, but Kirby and his friends defeat

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