Lalim is a civil parish ( freguesia ) in Lamego Municipality in the Viseu District of the Norte Region of Portugal. The population in 2011 was 729, in an area of 7.22 km².
31-572: Conjecturally, several authors have presupposed that this settlement was founded during the reign of the Moor Ibne-Huim. It was in Lalim that Count Pedro Afonso , the illegitimate son King Denis lived after the death of his father, leaving the life at court to his brother and new King Afonso IV . The prince, occupied the signeurial estate of Paço de Lalim , where he was remembered for composing many his famous Livro das Cantigas , among other works. In
62-399: A diverse fauna including wild boar, fox, wolf and hare. On an economic level, agriculture in small parcels, primarily subsistence in character, predominates this region, with the cultivation of corn and vineyards being the focus crops. In addition, civil construction, meat-processing charcuteira and saw-milling provide ancillary service economies to the region. As a symbol of its autonomy,
93-684: A man of "great opinion, discreet, valorous, and generally applauded by those of important rank in Spain". He died in 1354 at his home in the Paço de Lalim, and was buried in the Monastery of Tarouca . Following his "retirement" to the civil parish of Lalim , Pedro Afonso was credited with a group of literary works on various themes, including the Crônica Geral de Espanha (1344) and the Livro de Linhagens , in addition to
124-500: A play by French playwright Henry de Montherlant called La Reine morte ( The Dead Queen ). Mary Russell Mitford also wrote a drama based on the story entitled Inez de Castro . Inês de Castro is a novel by Maria Pilar Queralt del Hierro in Spanish and Portuguese. On 12 September 1309, Afonso married Beatrice of Castile , daughter of Sancho IV of Castile , and María de Molina , and had four sons and three daughters. Afonso broke
155-687: A princess, but Peter became enraged upon learning of his wife's decapitation in front of their young children. Peter put himself at the head of an army and devastated the country between the Douro and the Minho rivers before he was reconciled to his father in early 1357. Afonso died almost immediately after, in Lisbon in May. Afonso IV's nickname the Brave alludes to his martial exploits. However, his most important accomplishments were
186-639: A war against Castile, peace arriving four years later, through the intervention of the infanta Maria herself. A year after the peace treaty was signed in Seville , Portuguese troops played an important role in defeating the Moors at the Battle of Río Salado in October 1340. Political intrigue marked the last part of Afonso IV's reign, although Castille was torn by civil war after Alfonso XI died. Henry of Trastámara challenged
217-523: The Livro das Cantigas . Two additional works of genealogy, currently held at the Torre do Tombo National Archives in Lisbon, are also attributed to him: Nobreza de Portugal e linhagens dos reinos de Portugal e Castela and Nobiliário de Espanha. Count Pedro was married first to Branca Peres de Sousa, the daughter of wealthy and powerful courtiers, Pedro Eanes de Portel and Constança Mendes de Sousa, and had one child who died in infancy. In his five-volume work,
248-614: The Monarquia Lusitania , Friar Francisco Brandão reported that the child was buried in Santa Maria dos Olivares, in Tomar, where the church records refer to the burial of "a nephew of King Denis". Queen Elizabeth, ever involved in marriage alliances, arranged his second marriage, around 1300, with Maria Ximénez Cornel (who was later buried in the Monastery of Santa Maria de Sigena ), one of
279-428: The 14th century, Lalim was part of the municipality of Castro Rei. Between 1514 and 1834, the parish became the seat of its own municipality when the administration of King Manuel issued a foral ( charter ), that would include approximately 648 inhabitants by 1801. At the end of the 18th century, Lalim and Ribelas were reorganized into a new municipality, that persisted until 1834. From 1834 to 1896, it became part of
310-549: The Brave (Portuguese: o Bravo ), was King of Portugal from 1325 until his death in 1357. He was the only legitimate son of King Denis of Portugal and Elizabeth of Aragon . Afonso, born in Lisbon , was the rightful heir to the Portuguese throne. However, he was not Denis' favourite son, even nearly beginning conflict against him . Instead, the old king preferred his illegitimate son, Afonso Sanches . The notorious rivalry between
341-539: The Crown of Castile. In this role he was seen as "the strong arm, and strong blow, that drowned the resistance in their own blood". Afonso named him royal representative to the peace agreement between the kingdoms of Castile and Portugal, but illness prevented him from accompanying Archbishop Gonçalo Pereira to the meeting. Francisco Brandão indicated that Pedro Afonso was recognized at Court (in Portugal, Castile and Aragon) as
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#1733085805784372-621: The Queen's Aragonese ladies-in-waiting, and the daughter of a powerful Aragonese nobleman, Pedro Cornel. After his separation from Maria Ximénez, the Count started a relationship with Teresa Anes de Toledo, a lady-in-waiting to the Queen Consort of Portugal Beatrice of Castile , wife of King Afonso IV . Afonso IV of Portugal Afonso IV ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ɐˈfõsu] ; 8 February 1291 – 28 May 1357), called
403-564: The civil parish is bordered by Lazarim, Melcões, Galvã, Várzea da Serra, Gondomar and Ferreirim. The parish contains the localities Ameal, Carvalhal, Enxertada, Freixo, Lalim, Outeiro, Ponte Nova, Revolta, Ribeiro, Ribelas, Tapada and Veiga. It is supported by the affluents of the River Varosa, which snake through the municipality of Lamego, forming an accidented relief and dense vegetation of pine, chestnut, heather ( Ericaceae ), carqueja, tojo, giestas and mimosas trees. This environment supports
434-691: The community include the Associação de Caçadores , the Grupo Desportivo e Cultural and the local band the Sociedade Filarmónica , while the O Grupo de cantadores de Janeiras and the Grupo de Bombos , are organized sporadically for their events (and do not maintain their own buildings). Pedro Afonso, Count of Barcelos Pedro Afonso, Count of Barcelos (before 1289 – 1354 ), was an illegitimate son of King Denis of Portugal and Grácia Froes. He
465-499: The courts of Europe. King Denis in his October 1298 will stated that the Queen would specifically administer and instruct his illegitimate children, and provided that they would be disinherited if they were to dishonour or disobey the authority of Infante Afonso . The Count always counted on the protection and support of his father, receiving dominion over lands in Lisbon , Estremoz , Evoramonte , Sintra and Tavira , among others. He soon became an important manager, from 1306, of
496-472: The dismay of others at the Portuguese court, who considered them Castilian upstarts. When Constanza died weeks after giving birth to their third child, Peter began living openly with Inês, recognized all her children as his and refused to marry anyone other than Inês herself. His father refused to go to war again against Castile, hoping the heir apparent's infatuation would end, and tried to arrange another dynastic marriage for him. The situation became worse as
527-465: The festivals of the nativity, on 25 December and 1 January, referred to as the Festa do Menino . The art of basket weaving and ceramics-making continue in Lalim, in a small artesnal shop call Lalinus , which displays local craftsmanship. Popular foods from this region include the yellow cake of Easter, meat balls, codfish and lamb oven roasted with potatoes and rice. Some of the organized associations within
558-591: The half brothers led to civil war several times. On 7 January 1325, Afonso IV's father died and he became king, whereupon he exiled his rival, Afonso Sanches, to Castile , and stripped him of all the lands and fiefdom given by their father. From Castile, Afonso Sanches orchestrated a series of attempts to usurp the crown. After a few failed attempts at invasion, the brothers signed a peace treaty, arranged by Afonso IV's mother, Elizabeth . In 1309, Afonso married Beatrice of Castile , daughter of King Sancho IV of Castile and María de Molina . The first-born of this union
589-480: The inheritances that the king bestowed. In 1307, he became the steward to Beatrice of Castile . With the conflicts that developed between Denis and the crown prince Afonso, the King invested his illegitimate son with the title of Count of Barcelos (in 1317), at the time, a non-hereditary title in the kingdom. Pedro Afonso remained on the King's side during the initial phases of the civil war, between 1319 and 1324. At
620-633: The municipality of Tarouca . When this municipality was extinguished, in June 1896, Lalim began to exist as part of the municipality of Lamego. Its abbey became a representative centre of the Convent of Santa Maria de Salzedas, or Convent of São João de Tarouca, during the 1862 parochial statistics, and supported by their donatários , the Counts of Tarouca. Within a valley formed by the Monte de Santa Bárbara and Monte Teleférico,
651-473: The new King Peter of Castile , who sent many Castilian nobles into exile in Portugal. Afonso's son Peter fell in love with his new wife's lady-in-waiting , Inês de Castro . Inês was the daughter of an important noble family from Galicia , with links (albeit illegitimate) to both the royal houses of Castile and Portugal. Her brothers were aligned with the Trastamara faction, and became favorites of Peter, much to
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#1733085805784682-420: The parish has a planned square alongside its medieval square, where its original civic pillory was constructed, to mark it early history. In addition, visits to the small parish are highlighted by several nationally designated architectural structures, such as: Throughout the year, this parish is the center of both secular and religious celebrations, of which the following are considered popular within and without
713-446: The relationship between father, son and Inês was used as the basis for the plot of more than twenty operas and ballets. The story with its tragic dénouement is immortalized in several plays and poems in Portuguese, such as Os Lusíadas by Luís de Camões (canto iii, stanzas 118–135), and in Spanish, including Nise lastimosa and Nise laureada (1577) by Jerónimo Bermúdez , Reinar despues de morir by Luis Vélez de Guevara , as well as
744-486: The relative peace enjoyed by the country during his long reign and the support he gave to the Portuguese Navy . Afonso granted public funding to raise a proper commercial fleet and ordered the first Portuguese maritime explorations. The conflict with Pedro, and the explorations he initiated, eventually became the foundation of the Portuguese national epic, Os Lusíadas by Luís de Camões . The dramatic circumstances of
775-462: The same time he continued to stay close to the Crown Prince. After disagreements with his brothers João Afonso and Afonso Sanchez, principal opponents of Afonso, he was seen as doing a disservice to the King and exiled to Castile, where he remained between 1317 and 1322. On returning from exile in 1322, he looked to reconcile with his father, in order to recuperate his lost titles and properties. At
806-473: The same time, he attempted to fill the role of conciliator between Denis and the Infante Afonso, alongside his stepmother, Queen Elizabeth. After the death of Denis in 1325, and the accession to the throne of the Infante Afonso as Afonso IV of Portugal , Count Pedro Afonso began to occupy his time in the civil parish of Lalim , near Lamego , limiting himself to interventions with his brother Afonso against
837-525: The territory: Similarly, Lalim is a parish full of religious festivals spread throughout the various months of the year. The festival of Nossa Senhora da Piedade , on the third Sunday of August, is the most popular of these festivities. But, in addition, there are the festivals of São Sebastião (on the third Sunday of January), of Christ (in May), the Virgin Mary , namely Nossa Senhora da Conceição (8 December), and
868-516: The years passed and the aging Afonso lost control over his court. His grandson and Peter's only legitimate son, Ferdinand I of Portugal , was a sickly child, while Inês' illegitimate children thrived. Worried about his legitimate grandson's life, and the growing power of Castile within Portugal's borders, Afonso ordered Inês de Castro first imprisoned in his mother's old convent in Coimbra , and then murdered in 1355. He expected his son to give in and marry
899-404: Was a daughter, Maria of Portugal . In 1325 Alfonso XI of Castile entered a child-marriage with Constanza Manuel of Castile, the daughter of one of his regents . Two years later, he had the marriage annulled so he could marry Afonso's daughter, Maria of Portugal. Maria became Queen of Castile in 1328 upon her marriage to Alfonso XI, who soon became involved publicly with a mistress. Constanza
930-502: Was imprisoned in a castle in Toro while her father, Don Juan Manuel , waged war against Alfonso XI until 1329. Eventually, the two reached a peaceful accord after mediation by Juan del Campo , Bishop of Oviedo ; this secured Constanza's release from prison. The public humiliation of his daughter led Afonso IV to have his son and heir, Peter I of Portugal , marry the no less aggrieved Castilian infanta , Constanza. Afonso subsequently started
961-413: Was made the 3rd Count of Barcelos on 1 May 1314. Much like the other illegitimate children of King Denis, Pedro Afonso was raised by Queen Elizabeth of Portugal along with his half-brothers and half-sisters at court. The children were sent at an early age to live there as a political, not charitable necessity, as they were seen as a method of cementing alliances and creating a network of influence within