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83-456: During the first half of the 20th century, most electricity produced in Ontario came from hydroelectric stations. But by the early 1950s, most large hydroelectric sites were already under development and new power sources were required to meet the province's growing appetite for electricity. On the north shore of Lake Ontario, in what was then Toronto Township , 52 hectares of land were earmarked for

166-601: A brief power shortage. In the early 1990s the station was partially overhauled. A surplus of capacity led to the mothballing of four units. The station continued to play an important role as a four-unit peaking plant, providing an adequate and reliable electricity supply when consumer demands were highest in the morning and around the dinner hour – and in the summer and winter. This role was especially critical on hot days when air conditioning use drove up electricity demand. Following provincial government policy to phase out Ontario Power Generation's six coal-fired generating stations by

249-548: A city, with York following suit in 1983 and Etobicoke and Scarborough in 1984, although still part of the Metropolitan Toronto municipal government. In 1992, the Ontario government passed legislation requiring Metropolitan Toronto to include the rest of the Greater Toronto Area into its planning. However, there was fear different parts of the municipal system were working against one another. Therefore, Bob Rae ,

332-510: A compromise was struck, which resulted in the creation of Metropolitan Toronto . In 1953, the portion of York County south of Steeles Avenue , a concession road which formed a common boundary between several townships across the width of the county, was severed from it and incorporated as the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto. With the concession of Metro Toronto, the offices of York County were moved from Toronto to Newmarket . Originally,

415-469: A cost of $ 274 million, Lakeview Generating Station had become the largest thermal-electric plant in the world when it was completed in 1968. Environmental improvements at Lakeview in recent years included recycling fly ash and safeguarding water quality. The station's achievement of International Organization for Standardization ISO 14001 certification continued to demonstrate Lakeview's commitment to environmental management through responsible operation at

498-536: A dispute with equipment suppliers in the early 1960s which caused the unusual equipment choices. The switch from Parsons as a turbine supplier to AEI was unusual since the AEI turbine generators on units 3-6 were (50 cycle) machines. They would require heavy weights attached to overcome turbine vibration at the higher (60 cycle) speeds in Canada. These were the only AEI turbines installed at Ontario Hydro. Units 5 & 6 operated until

581-504: A growth in the acreage of farmland are Aurora, Georgina, Newmarket, Oshawa, Richmond Hill, and Scugog, with Markham experiencing no growth or decline. Most of the GTA's farmland is in Durham Region, with 55% of their total land area being farmland. This is followed by York Region with 41% of their lands being farmland, Peel Region with 34%, and Halton Region with 41%. Toronto's remaining farmland

664-606: A large North American urban agglomeration, the GTA has very few agencies with powers that can cross boundaries. Attempts to create an interregional organization have been made, such as the Province of Ontario's Office of the Greater Toronto Area (OGTA) in 1988 and the Greater Toronto Services Board (GTSB) in 1998, but they have failed by the lack of real authority in those agencies. Consequently, there are few interregional public authorities: Metrolinx , an agency of

747-419: A large part of land in the surrounding four regional municipalities. Census data from 2006 has shown there are 3,707 census farms in the GTA, down 4.2 percent from 2001 and covering 274,363 ha (677,970 acres). Almost every community in the GTA is currently experiencing a decrease in the acreage of farmland, with Mississauga seeing the most significant one. The only communities in the GTA that are experiencing

830-513: A new thermal-electric plant that would help meet Ontario's power demands and even provide system reserves. "The Lakeview Project" was underway by June, 1958, and quickly became a station of superlatives: its eight boilers were the largest ever installed in Canada; the 300,000 kilowatt generators the largest ever purchased by a Canadian utility; and its power transformers were the largest ever built in Canada. On June 20, 1962, Ontario Premier John Robarts and Ontario Hydro chairman W. Ross Strike pushed

913-504: A number of prominent incumbents from both the NDP and the Conservatives. The Liberals took all of Toronto itself. They also took back almost all of the suburban ridings they had lost in 2011. Both the NDP and the Conservatives suffered heavily as their support collapsed in the inner city and the suburbs respectively. Only a few Conservatives held onto their seats in the outer ring of the GTA, while

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996-460: A strong base within the GTA. The Greater Toronto Area has the ability to influence election results and determine the governing party in Canada, due in part to its large population and riding count. From 1993 to 2011 , a centre-right party failed to win a single seat in the former Metro Toronto. In the 2011 election, however, a surge in NDP support combined with a collapse in Liberal support allowed

1079-557: A tentative proposal to develop a new airport in Pickering , which would also extend over into Markham and Uxbridge. As the GTAA predicts Toronto Pearson would be unable to be the sole provider for the bulk of Toronto's commercial air traffic in the next 20 years from the report's publication in 2004 (i.e. in 2024), it believes that a new airport in Pickering would address the need for a regional/reliever airport east of Toronto Pearson and complement

1162-467: A way the new municipalities would have a population between 400,000 and 800,000. The Town of Markham had similarly advocated municipal consolidation in York Region but opposed to complete consolidation into a single municipality. Municipal consolidation faced stiff opposition, however. from smaller communities such as Ajax, Milton, and the borough of East York. The task force's recommendation to eliminate

1245-798: Is also home to the headquarters of the Toronto Stock Exchange and the Standard and Poor TSX Composite Index and offices of the TSX Venture Exchange . The TMX Group , the owners and operators of TSX Exchanges as well as the Montreal Exchange , are also headquartered in Toronto. The TSX and the TSX Venture Exchange represent 3,369 companies, including more than half of the world's publicly-traded mining companies. Markham also attracted

1328-587: Is bordered by Lake Ontario to the south, Kawartha Lakes to the east, the Niagara Escarpment to the west, and Lake Simcoe to the north. The region creates a natural ecosystem known as the Greater Toronto Bioregion . The Greater Toronto Area forms part of the neck of the Ontario Peninsula . Vast parts of the region remain farmland and forests, making it one of the distinctive features of

1411-627: Is completely within Rouge Park in the Rouge Valley . The average size of the farm in the GTA (74 ha [183 acres]) is much lower than the farms in the rest of Ontario (averaging 94 ha [233 acres]). This has been attributed to the shift of farm types in the GTA from the traditional livestock and cash crop farms (requiring an extensive land base), towards more intensive enterprises including greenhouse, floriculture , nursery, vegetable, fruit, sheep and goats. The most numerous farm types in

1494-451: Is involved in construction. Although the service industry makes up only 51% of Greater Toronto's workforce, over 72% of the region's GDP is generated by service industries. The largest industry in the Greater Toronto Area is the financial services in the province, accounting for an estimated 25% of the region's GDP. Notably, the five largest banks in Canada all have their operational headquarters in Toronto's Financial District . Toronto

1577-442: Is made up of approximately 2.9 million people and more than 100,000 companies The Greater Toronto Area produces nearly 20 percent of the entire nation's GDP with $ 323 billion, and from 1992 to 2002, experienced an average GDP growth rate of 4.0 per cent and a job creation rate of 2.4 per cent (compared with the national average GDP growth rate of 3 per cent and job creation rate of 1.6 per cent). The Greater Toronto Area has

1660-571: Is more common, and the average temperature falls close to or just below 0 °C (32 °F). The Greater Toronto Area is a commercial, distribution, financial and economic centre and is the second-largest financial centre in North America. The region generates about a fifth of Canada's GDP and is home to 40 per cent of Canada's business headquarters. The economies of the municipalities in Greater Toronto are largely intertwined. The work force

1743-621: Is now Halton Region, Toronto, Peel Region, York Region and parts of Durham Region. The GTA saw three American incursions during the War of 1812 . The Town of York (present-day Toronto) was attacked by American forces at Battle of York , on April 27, 1813; and was subsequently occupied until May 8. The second incursion occurred several months later, in July 1813, with two landings in the GTA. On July 29, American forces landed at Burlington Beach (present-day Burlington) in an attempt to dislodge British forces at

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1826-740: Is required throughout the GTA. In March 2013, two additional area codes were introduced to the GTA: area code 437 in Toronto and area code 365 in the area served by 905 and 289. Since the 2015 election, the Greater Toronto Area has been represented by 58 Members of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada . Forty-six Members of the Provincial Parliament also represent the GTA in the Ontario Legislature . Five Senators from Ontario have also designated themselves as representatives of certain areas in

1909-458: Is served by seven distinct telephone area codes . Before 1993, the GTA used the 416 area code . In a 1993 zone split, Metropolitan Toronto retained the 416 code, while the other municipalities of the Greater Toronto Area were assigned the new area code 905 . This division by area code has become part of the local culture to the point where local media refer to something inside Toronto as "the 416" and outside of Toronto as "the 905". For example,

1992-540: Is smaller than the land area and population of the GTA planning area. For example, Oshawa is the centre of its own CMA, yet deemed part of the Greater Toronto Area, while other municipalities, such as New Tecumseth in southern Simcoe County and Mono Township in Dufferin County are included in the Toronto CMA but not in the GTA. These different border configurations result in the GTA's population being higher than

2075-529: Is the fifth most populous in North America . It is part of the Great Lakes megalopolis , containing an estimated 59.1 million people in 2011. The term " Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area " (GTHA) refers to the GTA, and the city of Hamilton , located along the western border of the Greater Toronto Area. The term has been adopted by several organizations, including Metrolinx and the Ministry of Energy ) because of

2158-1155: Is warm on average to hot and moderately humid with high temperatures typically between 24 and 31 °C (75 and 88 °F), while low temperatures average between 15 °C (59 °F) in the suburbs and 18 to 20 °C (64 to 68 °F) downtown and near the lake. Although fairly sunny, summers have long stretches of humid conditions that give rise to frequent thunderstorm activity, and very heavy rainfall sometimes results in flash flooding. Heat wave conditions with temperatures between 32 and 35 °C (90 and 95 °F) are common but typically do not last long, and rarely temperatures rarely reach 38 °C (100 °F). Humidex values can be high during heat episodes; at their highest, they have exceeded 50 °C (122 °F). Immediate lakeshore locations have generally lower average maximum temperatures but they can also experience hot conditions when offshore winds prevail. Normally, autumns alternate between wet and dry with lengthy periods of mild and calm weather. Temperatures fall and windspeeds increase sharply in November. By December, cold and snowy weather

2241-608: The 2011 election , the Liberals won 33 of the 44 available seats in the GTA, allowing Premier Dalton McGuinty to hold onto a minority government. The 2014 election under McGuinty's successor, Kathleen Wynne , was an even bigger electoral landslide for the Liberals, as they won 38 seats in the region. They even took several ridings in territory that had voted PC for decades, like Durham, Burlington, Newmarket-Aurora and Halton. The PCs hold no seats in Peel Region and only one seat in each of

2324-661: The American Revolution , when various individuals petitioned the Crown for land in and around the Toronto area. In 1787, the British negotiated the purchase of more than a quarter million acres (1,000 km  [390 sq mi]) of land in the area of Toronto with the Mississaugas of New Credit . York County , would later be created by Governor John Graves Simcoe in 1792, which would at its largest size, comprise all of what

2407-607: The GTA , includes the City of Toronto and the regional municipalities of Durham , Halton , Peel , and York . In total, the region contains 25 urban, suburban, and rural municipalities. The Greater Toronto Area begins in Burlington in Halton Region to the west, and extends along Lake Ontario past downtown Toronto eastward to Clarington in Durham Region. According to the 2021 census ,

2490-499: The Greater Toronto Area : Toronto Township, Ontario Toronto Township is a former municipality now mostly part of Mississauga , Ontario , Canada, with its northern extremity now a part of Brampton . It was directly west of but not part of the City of Toronto (which was named York at the time of the township's establishment), and its land area makes up the majority of present-day Mississauga. Toronto Township

2573-611: The Gulf of Mexico . Known as the " Toronto Passage ", it followed the Humber River , as an important overland shortcut between Lake Ontario, Lake Simcoe and the upper Great Lakes . For this reason the area, under French fur traders , became a major part of the North American fur trade . The French would later establish three trading forts, Magasin Royal in the 1720s, although abandoned within

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2656-664: The Neutral , the Seneca , the Mohawk and the Huron nations were living in the vicinity. The Mississaugas arrived in the late 17th or early 18th century, driving out the occupying Iroquois . While it is unclear as to who was the first European to reach the Toronto area, there is no question it occurred in the 17th century. The area would later become very crucial for its series of trails and water routes that led from northern and western Canada to

2739-670: The Ontario Progressive Conservatives , Ontario Liberals , and the Ontario New Democrats all hold electoral districts in the GTA. While the GTA provided a strong base of support for the Progressive Conservative government between 1995 and 2003, the Ontario Liberal Party achieved a major victory in the GTA during the 2003 election and has enjoyed strong support from the region ever since. In

2822-605: The Premier of Ontario , appointed Anne Golden to head a GTA task force to govern the region's quality of life, competitiveness and governance. During this time, the Metro Toronto government advocated to the task force the creation of a new GTA authority, which would be made up of 21 of the 30 existing municipalities in the GTA at the time. The proposal from Metro Toronto would have resulted in 15 new municipalities. The City of Mississauga argued consolidation should take place only in such

2905-689: The Raptors 905 basketball team in the NBA G League is named after the area code the team represents. Though for the most part, the use of the area 905 as shorthand for the suburban areas outside Toronto city limits was correct, it is not entirely true as some portions of Durham and York Regions use the 705 area code . Furthermore, there are areas, such as Hamilton , the Regional Municipality of Niagara and Port Hope (in Northumberland County ) that use

2988-514: The Toronto Islands near downtown, is used for civil aviation, air ambulance traffic and regional scheduled airlines (it handled nearly two million passengers in 2012). There are also a number of smaller airports scattered throughout the GTA. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) uses YTO as a code for multiple airports in the area, including those without passenger service. The Greater Toronto Airport Authority has also placed

3071-565: The hot summer subtype . Precipitation averages 832 mm (32.8 in) annually, which is fairly distributed through the year but is driest in later winter with higher average totals in the later summer. In winter, typical high temperatures will range from −5 to 3 °C (23 to 37 °F) and low temperatures from −12 to −5 °C (10 to 23 °F). Cold arctic outbreaks keep daytime highs below −10 °C (14 °F) for several daysmmbut that does not occur in every winter, and low temperatures sometimes drop below −18 °C (0 °F), with

3154-729: The regional municipalities . The main airport serving the GTA is Toronto Pearson International Airport in Mississauga, which is Canada's largest and busiest airport. It processed over 47 million passengers in 2017 and nearly 50 million passengers in 2018. Toronto Pearson International Airport is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA). John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport in nearby Hamilton also handles international flights, handles some discount flights and charters, and acts as an alternative to Pearson. The Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , on

3237-526: The 2014 election and held only two seats in the city. That is no longer the case since the 2018 provincial election , as the Progressive Conservatives and the NDP made significant gains at the expense of the Liberals; that continues to hold true in the 2022 provincial election . In 2011, 244 politicians govern the Greater Toronto Area below the provincial and federal levels, holding offices in cities, towns, and regional municipalities. Unusual for

3320-416: The 905 area code) was introduced in July 2001. Some individuals within the 905 area code region may have to dial long distance to reach each other; although residents of Mississauga and Hamilton share the same area code (905), an individual from Toronto, for example, would have to dial " 1 " to reach Hamilton, but not to reach Mississauga. Ten-digit telephone dialling , including the area code for local calls,

3403-531: The 905 area code, but are not part of the GTA. The unincorporated community of Acton (in Halton Hills ), is the only community in the GTA that uses the 519 area code , which covers most of Southwestern Ontario . To meet the increased demand for phone numbers, two overlay area codes were introduced in 2001. Area code 647 (supplementing the 416 area code) was introduced in March 2001 and area code 289 (supplementing

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3486-577: The Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) of Toronto has a total population of 6.202 million residents, making it the nation's largest , and the 10th-largest in North America. However, the Greater Toronto Area, which is an economic area defined by the Government of Ontario , includes communities that are not included in the CMA, as defined by Statistics Canada . Extrapolating the data for all 25 communities in

3569-450: The Conservatives to win eight seats in Toronto itself, and another 24 in the suburbs. Toronto's political leanings now appeared to mirror those of surrounding communities that leaned toward the Conservatives. The election of 2011 showed Liberal support, based on votes in the GTA, had collapsed from 43.7% to 30.6%, giving the Liberals only 14.9% of the local seats in the House of Commons. However,

3652-423: The GTA are miscellaneous specialty farms (including horse and pony, sheep and lamb, and other livestock specialty), followed by cattle, grain and oilseed, dairy and field crop farms. Although the output of dairy production has dropped with farms from within the GTA, dairy has remained the most productive sector in the agricultural industry by annual gross farm receipts. Despite the decreased amount of farmland around

3735-681: The GTA in the Canadian Senate . Federally, the Conservatives , Liberals , and the New Democrats (NDP) all hold several electoral districts in the GTA. The City of Toronto has often been supportive of the Liberal Party. Traditionally, Liberal support is strongest in Downtown Toronto , while Conservative support is stronger in the surrounding communities outside Toronto. The NDP also has

3818-798: The GTA include Brampton Transit , Burlington Transit , Durham Region Transit , GO Transit , Milton Transit , MiWay (serving Mississauga ), Oakville Transit , Toronto Transit Commission (TTC), and York Region Transit . The TTC operates the Toronto subway system, which consists of three heavy rail lines and runs in Toronto and in Vaughan, the latter of which began to be served by the system in December 2017 with an extension of Line 1 Yonge–University to Vaughan Metropolitan Centre station on Highway 7 at Jane Street . The GTA also consists of several King's Highways and supplemented by municipal expressways. One of

3901-455: The Greater Toronto Area for their Canadian headquarters. Magna International , the world's most diversified car supplier, also has its headquarters in Aurora . The automobile industry accounts for roughly 10% of the region's GDP. While it was once the most dominant industry for residents in the Greater Toronto Area, agriculture now occupies a small percentage of the population though it is still

3984-621: The Greater Toronto Area from the 2021 Census, the total population for the economic region included 6,711,985 people. The Greater Toronto Area is a part of several larger areas in Southern Ontario . The area is also combined with the city of Hamilton to form a conurbation known as the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA). The GTHA combined with Niagara Region form the core of the Golden Horseshoe . The term "Greater Toronto"

4067-527: The Greater Toronto Area's satellite municipalities, such as Peterborough , Barrie , Guelph , Kitchener , Waterloo , Cambridge and Niagara Region . The GTA continues, however, to be in official use elsewhere in the Government of Ontario , such as the Ministry of Finance . Some municipalities considered part of the GTA are not within the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area (CMA), which

4150-664: The Greater Toronto Area, known as the Greenbelt ; many of the areas include protected sections of the Oak Ridges Moraine , Rouge Park, and the Niagara Escarpment. Nevertheless, low-density suburban developments continue to be built, some of which is on or near ecologically-sensitive and protected areas. The provincial government attempted to address the issue through the "Places to Grow" legislation passed in 2005, which emphasizes higher-density growth in existing urban centres over

4233-602: The Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area. GO Transit , which merged with Metrolinx during the late 2000s, is Ontario's only intra-regional public transit service, linking the communities in the GTA and the city of Hamilton, as well as the rest of the Greater Golden Horseshoe. The implementation of the Presto card by Metrolinx has created a common means for all fare payments and allows for seamless connection between these and other transit operators. Public transit operators in

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4316-554: The Halton, York, and Durham regions. While the NDP has been weak in the GTA since the 1995 election , it has seen some successes in Brampton and Durham Region, where they hold one seat each. The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario did not win a riding in the City of Toronto during a general election from 1999 to 2018. On the other end of the spectrum, the NDP saw major losses in Toronto during

4399-501: The Lake to enter the harbour in order to gauge the town's defences, where it briefly exchanged cannon fire with Fort York before withdrawing to rejoin the American squadron outside the harbour. American forces did not attempt a landing during this incursion, although remained outside York's harbour for three days before departing. In 1816, Wentworth County (which would later become the city of Hamilton) and Halton County were created from York County. York County would later serve as

4482-403: The Metro Toronto government, and consolidate its remaining municipalities into an enlarged City of Toronto was completed in 1997 and became official in 1998, under the Common Sense Revolution of the then premier, Mike Harris . However, the task force's recommendation to create a GTA-tier municipality was not taken up by the Harris government for fear that a GTA-wide municipality would recreate

4565-431: The NDP failed to elect any MPs in this area. The 2019 and 2021 federal elections have similar results. Toronto is the capital of Ontario with the Ontario Legislative Building , often metonymically known as Queen's Park after the street and park surrounding it, being located in Downtown Toronto . Most of the provincial government offices are also located in downtown Toronto. On the provincial level of government,

4648-474: The Toronto CMA by nearly one-half million people, often leading to confusion amongst people when trying to sort out Toronto's urban population. Other nearby urban areas, such as Hamilton , Barrie , St. Catharines-Niagara or Kitchener-Waterloo , are not part of the GTA or the Toronto CMA, but form their own CMAs near the GTA. Ultimately, all the aforementioned places are part of the Greater Golden Horseshoe metropolitan region, an urban agglomeration , which

4731-498: The accompanying wind chill making that feel much colder. Annual snowfall averages between 80 and 150 cm (31 and 59 in) across the area. Mild and snow-free spells are also a feature of Toronto's winter, with temperatures surpassing 5 °C (41 °F) for several days to occasionally above 15 °C (59 °F). Spring is short and often cool to mild, and snow can sometimes fall well into April but rarely accumulates. The transition from spring into summer can be rapid. Summer

4814-507: The adjacent Burlington Heights . However, finding the British forces too well-entrenched for any assault to be successful, the American naval force withdrew and proceeded east towards York. The American landings at York on July 31 went unopposed, with most of the soldiers garrisoned at York directed to defend Burlington Heights. The third incursion occurred a year later, when an American naval squadron arrived outside of York's harbour on August 6, 1814. The squadron dispatched USS  Lady of

4897-640: The airport in Hamilton, Ontario. The GTAA also stated the new airport would create more opportunities for economic development in the eastern region of the Greater Toronto Area. However, demand for the new airport lessened because of the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath. The region also has significant maritime infrastructure being on the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Seaway system. The Port of Oshawa and Port of Toronto handle between 2 and 4 million tonnes of cargo annually. The Port of Toronto also has an International Marine Passenger Terminal , which had 12,000 cruise passengers in 2019. The Greater Toronto Area

4980-401: The button to start up the first 300,000 kilowatt unit. Lakeview was the second thermal plant designed by Ontario Hydro. The Hearn Generating Station in Toronto opened several years before and served as a test bed for Lakeview. As the design and construction progressed, the station would include two different types of boilers and three unique turbine designs. It is possible that Ontario Hydro had

5063-441: The continued growth seen in this area, Toronto Township was incorporated as a rural municipality and a council was created to oversee the affairs of the various villages that were unincorporated at that time. The council's responsibilities included road maintenance, the establishment of a police force, and mail delivery service. Toronto Township was a municipality until 1967, when the town's citizens and politicians voted to change

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5146-405: The decade, Fort Toronto in 1750 and Fort Rouillé in 1751. During the Seven Years' War both forts were abandoned but Fort Toronto was later renovated. Fort Rouillé was burnt down after the Battle of Fort Niagara in 1759 by the French garrison during the French and Indian War . The first large influx of European settlers to settle the region were the United Empire Loyalists arriving after

5229-781: The end of 2007, Lakeview Generating Station ceased operations on Saturday, April 30, 2005, after 43 years. Units 1 & 2 had Babcock & Wilcox front-fired boilers and Parson turbines with a tandem cross compound arrangement (there were two 150 MW turbines - high/intermediate pressure and intermediate/low pressure) Each unit had two generators - one 3600 RPM, the other 1800 RPM. Units 3 & 4 (1964–65) had boilers built by Combustion Engineering , with double tangentially fired furnaces. The tandem compound turbines were supplied by AEI (UK) Units 5 & 6 (1965–66) had Babcock & Wilcox front-fired boilers and AEI tandem compound turbines. Units 7 & 8 (1968) had Babcock & Wilcox front-fired boilers and Parsons tandem compound turbines. At

5312-527: The first Metro Toronto Chairman , planned on the conversion of these townships into boroughs of the Metro Toronto government. In 1971, the remaining areas of York County was replaced by the Ontario government with the Regional Municipality of York. In 1974, Ontario and Durham Counties were reorganized to become the Regional Municipality of Durham; Pickering west of Rouge River was transferred to Scarborough at that time. Peel County became Peel Region in 1974 as well. In 1980, North York would be incorporated into

5395-403: The geography of the GTA. Most of the urban areas in the GTA hold large urban forest. For the most part designated as parkland, the ravines are largely undeveloped. Rouge Park is also one of the largest nature parks within the core of a metropolitan area. Much of these areas also constitute the Toronto ravine system , which consists of deep and steep valleys, and a number of conservation areas in

5478-422: The growing commuter population in the combined region. The GTHA and the Regional Municipality of Niagara form the inner ring of the larger Greater Golden Horseshoe , an urban agglomeration and secondary region of Ontario. Historically the Greater Toronto Area was home to a number of First Nations who lived on the shore of Lake Ontario long before the first Europeans arrived in the region. At various times,

5561-560: The highest concentration of high tech companies in Canada, and because of it, has positioned itself as Canada's High-Tech Capital . The Greater Toronto Area is the second-largest automotive centre in North America (after Detroit). Currently, General Motors , Ford and Chrysler run six assembly plants in the area, with Honda and Toyota having assembly plants just outside the GTA. General Motors, Ford, Honda, KIA, Mazda, Suzuki, Nissan, Volkswagen, Toyota, Hyundai, Aston Martin, Jaguar, Land Rover, Subaru, Volvo, BMW, and Mitsubishi have chosen

5644-494: The highest standards. The power plant lands are now vacant with plans to build residential community on the property. North of the site was the former Lakeview Park, a sports field and home field for the Mississauga Majors Baseball Club, but has since relocated across Lakefront Promenade to Douglas Kennedy Park. New parks such as Ogden Park, Lakefront Park and Jim Tovey Lakeview Conservation Area should added more green space. List of other electricity generating facilities in

5727-420: The intermunicipal competitiveness that was believed to have impaired the former Metro Toronto government. Metrolinx , an agency of the Government of Ontario, was established to oversee public transit development across the Greater Toronto Area. The Greater Toronto Area hosted the 2015 Pan American Games . The Greater Toronto Area covers an area of 7,125 km (2,751 sq mi). The region itself

5810-412: The largest regional economy in Canada, with its GDP surpassing the Province of Quebec in 2015. In 2010, over 51 per cent of the labour force in the Greater Toronto Area is employed in the service sector , with 19% in the manufacturing , 17% of the labour force employed in wholesale & retail trade, 8% of the labour force involved in transportation, communication and utilities, and 5% of the workforce

5893-411: The membership in Metropolitan Toronto included the City of Toronto and five townships: East York , Etobicoke , North York , Scarborough and York ; as well as seven villages and towns, which became amalgamated into their surrounding townships in 1967. The early Metro Toronto government debated over the annexation of surrounding townships of Markham, Pickering and Vaughan. Frederick Goldwin Gardiner ,

5976-508: The next 25 years (i.e., until 2030). The climate of the Greater Toronto Area is classified as humid continental , according to the Köppen climate classification . Much of the Greater Toronto Area is under Köppen Dfb ( warm summer subtype ) zone. Old Toronto (excluding the Toronto Islands ) and some areas between there and Burlington to the southwest are under the Köppen Dfa climate zone,

6059-426: The principal highways in the GTA, Highway 401 , is also the longest in Ontario and is also one of the widest and busiest highways in the world. Notably, a segment of the highway passing through the GTA is North America's busiest highway. The GTA is laced with a number of limited-access highways including the 400-series highways . These include: Note: " York ", " Peel ", " Durham " and " Halton " here refer to

6142-400: The region and was later made official as a provincial planning area. However, it did not come into everyday usage until the mid-to-late 1990s. In 2006, the term began to be supplanted in the field of spatial planning as provincial policy increasingly began to refer to either the " Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area " (GTHA) or the still-broader " Greater Golden Horseshoe ". The latter includes

6225-521: The region which are managed by Toronto and Region Conservation Authority . The Cheltenham Badlands , in Caledon , is an example of environmental degradation from poor agricultural practice. The Scarborough Bluffs are part of the Glacial Lake Iroquois shoreline. In 2005, the Government of Ontario also passed legislation to prevent urban development and sprawl on environmentally sensitiveland in

6308-508: The region, farm capital value increased from $ 5.2 billion in 1996 to $ 6.1 billion in 2001, making the average farm capital value in the GTA continued to be the highest in the province. There are several public transportation operators within the Greater Toronto Area that provide services within their jurisdictions. While those operators are largely independent, provisions are being made to integrate them under Metrolinx , which manages transportation planning including public transport in

6391-479: The setting for the beginnings of the Upper Canada Rebellion with William Lyon Mackenzie 's armed march from Holland Landing towards York Township on Yonge Street , eventually leading up to the battle at Montgomery's Tavern . In 1851, Ontario County (present-day Durham Region) and Peel County were separated from York. The idea towards a streamlined local government to control local infrastructure

6474-552: The station closed (40 years) The station would reach 2400 MW by 1968, surpassed only by the Nanticoke Generating Station (4096 MW) near Port Dover, in the late 1970s. During the late 1960s and 1970s, the station operated to full capacity as an eight-unit baseload plant, meeting about 17% of Ontario's electricity needs. In the early 1980s, Lakeview worked at full capacity after problems at Pickering in August 1983 resulted in

6557-424: The support of the Conservatives and NDP increased accordingly, with the Conservatives increasing their vote share from 31.5% to 42.2% (and capturing 68.1% of the GTA seats) and the NDP increasing from 14.6% to 23.2% of the vote and 17% of the local Federal ridings. In the 2015 federal election , the Liberals regained their dominance of the GTA after suffering devastating losses there four years earlier. They defeated

6640-469: The township to a town and rename it Mississauga, which won over the second-place Sheridan after a naming contest. Mississauga became a city seven years later in 1974, and ceded its northernmost area (and thus lands formerly part of the township) to Brampton. 43°36′21″N 79°40′23″W  /  43.60583°N 79.67306°W  / 43.60583; -79.67306 Greater Toronto Area The Greater Toronto Area , commonly referred to as

6723-460: Was first used in writing as early as the 1900s although at the time, the term referred only to the old city of Toronto and to its immediate townships and villages, which became Metropolitan Toronto in 1954 and became the current city of Toronto in 1998. The use of the term involving the four surrounding regional municipalities came into formal use in the mid-1980s, when it was used in a widely discussed report on municipal governance restructuring in

6806-615: Was formed as a locally unincorporated part of York County , Upper Canada on August 2, 1805  ( 1805-08-02 ) when officials from York purchased 84,000 acres (340 km ) of land from the Mississaugas (First Nations people) for 1,000 Pounds . After the land was surveyed, much of it was given by the Crown in the form of land grants to Loyalists . More than a dozen small communities grew in this area, most of which were located near natural resources, waterways for industry and fishing, and routes leading into York. The township became part of Peel County in 1851. In 1873, in light of

6889-471: Was made as early as 1907 by, William Findlay Maclean , a member of parliament and founder of The Toronto World , who called for the expansion of the government of the former City of Toronto in order to create a Greater Toronto . The idea for a single government municipality would not be seriously explored until the late 1940s when planners decided the city needed to incorporate its immediate suburbs. However, due to strong opposition from suburban politicians,

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