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37-551: It is located in the valley of river Kolubara and near the Ibar highway . In the surrounding villages of Jabučje, Skobalj, Nepričava and Bogovađa there are remains from the Roman period . At Ćelije there is an archaeological locality Anine  [ sr ] , also from the Roman times, with the well preserved Roman villa and a major estate around it. Anine is located 1 km (0.62 mi) from

74-671: A water tower (nicknamed Buzometar ), turntable , roundhouse and many rolling stock sheds. All that infrastructure except for the water tower still serves standard-gauge locomotive stock. There are plans to convert these facilities into a railway museum. The traditional song Ide Mile Lajkovačkom prugom (Mile walks down the Lajkovac railway) is about the town; it is a staple of Serbian folk repertoire, with versions recorded by Tozovac , Lepa Lukić , Šaban Šaulić , Braća Bajić and many others. Kolubara The Kolubara ( Serbian Cyrillic : Колубара , pronounced [kɔlǔbara] )

111-686: A fellow professor, was nominated instead. In 1939, he became an honorary doctor at the University of Belgrade. In the same year, he received the order of Saint Sava , first class. He also founded the Belgrade School of Mathematics, which produced a number of mathematicians who continued Alas's work. All doctoral dissertations defended on the Belgrade University since 1912 until the Second World War were under his mentorship. Alas participated in

148-686: A professor of mathematics at the Belgrade 's Grande école (which later became the University of Belgrade ). In those days, he was one of the greatest experts for differential equations. He held lectures until his retirement in 1938. In 1897, he became an associate member of the Serbian Royal Academy and associate member of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb . He became a full member of

185-515: A railroad. The first train using the standard gauge reached Lajkovac on 7 July 1968. The decline of the Yugoslav Railways narrow-gauge network in 1960s led to a decision that all narrow-gauge lines should cease operation during the 1970s. At the same time, the Belgrade-Bar standard gauge line passed through Lajkovac. Much of the narrow-gauge infrastructure remains in the town today, such as

222-562: Is 21.5 km long. This is also the beginning of the 90 km (56 mi) long region of the Kolubara valley, divided in two large parts, referred to as Upper ( gornja ) Kolubara and Lower ( donja ) Kolubara (around the Belgrade 's suburb of Obrenovac ). At Valjevo, the Kolubara receives the river Gradac from the right and forms the Valjevo valley between the surrounding mountains, in which it spills in several parallel flows. After Valjevo,

259-595: Is a 87 km (54 mi) long river in western Serbia ; it is an eastern, right tributary to the Sava river. Due to the many long tributaries creating a branchy system within the river's drainage basin , the short Kolubara drains relatively large area of 3,639 km (1,405 sq mi). It is part of the larger Black Sea drainage. The river is not navigable, but its valley is very important for transportation. Here are located Belgrade-Valjevo road, parts of Belgrade- Šabac road, Ibarska magistrala (Highway of Ibar ) and

296-592: Is a high school in Belgrade, Serbia named after him. Alas and fellow scientist Milutin Milanković were close friends for several decades. Due to his scientific work and results, Mihailo Petrović Alas is among the greatest Serbian mathematicians as well as one of the 100 most prominent Serbs . In the Association for Culture, Art and International Cooperation "Adligat" in Belgrade there is an extensive fund of documents from

333-413: Is location of an annual folk festival Hajdučki rastanak . The following table gives a preview of total number of employed people per their core activity (as of 2017): The first railway line to pass through Lajkovac was a 760-millimeter ( Bosnian gauge ) line from Obrenovac to Valjevo which became operational on 14 September 1908. Two years later, Lajkovac got another line to Mladenovac . Just before

370-640: Is usually among the municipalities with the highest average wage and employment figures in Serbia. Tourist spots in the town and its vicinity include the Bogovađa Monastery and the memorial Saint George's Church in the village of Ćelije. Lajkovac was well known for its watermills (Serbian: vodenica ). There are several still operational in 2018 though they are mostly a tourist attractions today. The most popular are Jolića vodenica , Kumova vodenica , Ilića vodenica and Sretenovića vodenica . Jolića vodenica

407-1002: The Balkan Wars and in the First World War as an officer, and after the war he served as a reserve officer. He practised cryptography , and his cipher systems were used by the Yugoslav army until World War II. When the Second World War broke out in Yugoslavia, he was again called into the army and the Germans captured him. After a while, he was released because of illness. On 8 June 1943, professor Petrović died in his home in Kosančićev Venac Street in Belgrade . Ninth Belgrade Gymnasium "Mihailo Petrović Alas" and Primary School in John's Street

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444-713: The Belgrade-Bar railway . The Kolubara was the site of one of the major battles on the Balkans in the World War I , the Battle of Kolubara in 1914. There is a game hunting ground "Kolubara" in the valley of the river, on the territory of the Lazarevac municipality. The Kolubara is formed by two small rivers, the Obnica and Jablanica. Obnica is the river in Western Serbia that springs at

481-557: The Grande école was transformed into the University of Belgrade Petrović was among first eight regular professors, who elected other professors. He patented a total of 10 inventions, published 300 scientific works and a number of books and journals from his sea expeditions. These expeditions included trips to Azores , Newfoundland and Labrador , Suez Canal , Madagascar , Cape Verde , Canary Islands , Greenland , Iceland , Bermuda Triangle , Caribbean and others. Petrovć also visited both

518-581: The Adriatic seaports of Dubrovnik and Herceg Novi . In 1928, the Obrenovac line was extended to Belgrade, which promoted the town into a railway hub of major importance. The lots around the railway were quickly urbanized and mostly turned into the kafanas . In the late 1930s there were 11 kafanas in Lajkovac, as people had to make connections in Lajkovac since it was a crossroad from all four sides (Belgrade, Aranđelovac, Mladenovac, Sarajevo). Especially popular

555-605: The Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade. At the time when he finished his studies in Serbia in 1889, several Serbian mathematicians who had acquired their doctorate degrees abroad, like Dr. Dimitrije Nešić (at Vienna and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ), Dr. Dimitrije Danić (at Jena , 1885) and Bogdan Gavrilović (at Budapest , 1887) were beginning to make a name for themselves. Subsequently, in September 1889, he too went abroad, to Paris to receive further education, and to prepare for

592-511: The Kolubara river bed in an effort to make possible exploitation of the "Veliko polje G" coal seam began in 2007. Phase 2 of the project was finished in July 2017 when another 2.6 km (1.6 mi) of the river was conducted into the new, displaced bed. "Veliko polje G" has an estimated coal reserves of 36,4 million tons. Mihailo Petrovi%C4%87 Mihailo Petrović Alas ( Serbian Cyrillic : Михаило Петровић Алас ; 6 May 1868 – 8 June 1943),

629-506: The North and South poles, researched the culture of Eskimos and took part in whale hunting expeditions. He received numerous awards and acknowledgments and was a member of several foreign science academies ( Prague , Bucharest , Warsaw , Kraków ) and scientific societies. In 1927, when Jovan Cvijić died, members of the Serbian academy proposed Mihailo Petrović as the new president of academy, but

666-546: The Sava (only navigable near its mouth in Sava ). However, many large villages and towns are located in the vicinity of the Kolubara: Lajkovac , Jabučje , Lazarevac , Šopić , Skobalj, Vreoci , Mali Borak, Veliki Crljeni , Draževac , Mislođin and Barič , where it flows into the Sava. Lower Kolubara itself is divided in two sub-regions, the (upper) Kolubara coal basin and the (lower) Obrenovac micro-region. In Neogene ,

703-491: The Serbian Royal Academy in 1899, when he was only 31. In 1882, he became a fisherman apprentice, and in 1895 he took an exam to become a master fisherman. Mihailo Petrović got the nickname "Alas" (river fisher) because of his passion for fishery. He was not only an aficionado, but expert as well. He participated in legislative talks regarding the fishery convention with Romania , and in talks with Austria-Hungary about

740-530: The archeological sites within the mines can be observed, and the other is Medoševac , which is considered as the largest scenic overlook in the Balkans, with the view over the entire mines, which look like "the surface of the Moon". The Processing section has an exhibition of the old steam locomotives which were used in the mines. There are also several lakes formed in the former mine shafts. The process of displacement of

777-473: The authorities did not accept this proposal. Probable reason for this was the fact that Mihailo Petrović Alas was first a private tutor and mentor and later a close friend of the prince Đorđe P. Karađorđević , the king's brother, who was arrested in 1925, and held in house arrest. In 1931, members of the academy unanimously proposed Alas for the president of the academy, but authorities again dismissed this proposal. Mathematician and physicist Bogdan Gavrilović ,

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814-568: The coal basin mainly belongs, was attached administratively to the City of Belgrade in 1971. After three years, on 19 September 2007 the river course between Vreoci and Veliki Crljeni was transferred to the new artificial river bed. This will allow the opening of a new surface coal field Veliki Crljeni in September 2008 with an estimated coal reserves of over 30 million tons. The mining projects at Kolubara have been plagued with corruption: in 2011, 16 current and former members of Elektroprivreda Srbije ,

851-576: The confluence of the Ljig river into the Kolubara. There are also artifacts and monuments from the Serbian medieval period , First Serbian Uprising , Second Serbian Uprising and both World Wars , especially World War I as the major Battle of Kolubara against the invading Austro-Hungarian army was fought in the area in November-December 1914. The town was heavily flooded by the Kolubara river. In July 1926

888-474: The entrance exam to the École Normale Supérieure . He got a degree in mathematical sciences from Sorbonne University in 1891. He worked on preparing his doctoral dissertation, and on 21 June 1894 he defended his PhD degree at the Sorbonne, and received a title Docteur des sciences mathematiques (doctor of mathematical sciences). His doctorate was in the field of differential equations . In 1894, Petrović became

925-572: The foot of the mountain Medvednik. It flows eastward, through the villages of Suvodanje, Bobova, Majinović, Pričević and Zlatarić, and at the city of Valjevo meets the river Jablanica and forms Kolubara. The Obnica is 25 km long. Jablanica originates on the eastern slopes of the Jablanik mountain, just few kilometers away from Obnica. It curves around Parač mountain and next to the village of Balinović, before it meets Obnica in Valjevo. The Jablanica

962-469: The mines actively covering 600 km (230 sq mi), Kolubara mine is the largest one in the Balkans . A series of coal based power stations are built in the basin, including Kolubara (130 MW, at Veliki Crljeni), Nikola Tesla B-1 (in 1983) and Nikola Tesla B-2 (both 615 MW, in Obrenovac). Because of its importance for industry and economy in general, the municipality of Lazarevac, to which

999-442: The modern Kolubara District of Serbia. The Kolubara turns north and continues to flow in several parallel flows, receiving in this section its major tributaries: Ljig River , Turija, Lukavica and Peštan , from the right; Kladnica and Tamnava , from the left. Due to the floods, even though its valley is densely populated, there are no settlements on the river itself, until it reaches Obrenovac, few kilometers before it empties into

1036-494: The most populous city in western Serbia, there are no major settlements on the river, except for the villages of Mlađevo and Slovac and the river receives the right tributaries of Ribnica and Lepenica and the left tributary of Rabas . At Slovac, near the confluence of the right tributary of the Toplica , the Kolubara carved the epigenetic Slovačka sutjeska , which separates Upper and Lower Kolubara. Upper Kolubara constitutes most of

1073-414: The operator, were arrested on suspicion of embezzlement . In addition to this, resettlement procedures for affected local communities were, according to civil society organizations , not executed in accordance with Serbian law. There are possibilities for the development of the tourism, given the vicinity of Belgrade. There are two natural scenic overlooks above the mines. One is "Tamnava", from which

1110-420: The outbreak of World War I , the Serbian government started construction of line to Čačak , but the early war operations halted the development. In 1914, Dual Monarchy army stormed the city and destroyed much of the infrastructure; shortly afterwards, however the same force continued construction of a line to Čačak. After the end of the war in 1921, Čačak line was completed, connecting Lajkovac with Sarajevo and

1147-474: The past, when the railway was the leading employer in the area, most of Lajkovac inhabitants today work at surface pits of the Kolubara coal basin , that stretch on the municipal areas of Lajkovac, Lazarevac and Ub . Other major industries include agriculture (especially dairy and fruit production), electricity wiring metal constructions and textile manufacturing. Thanks to the surface mining, Lajkovac

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1184-561: The protection of the fishery on Sava , Drina and Danube rivers. Alas published expert papers and reports on the fish-fauna found in the Macedonian lakes, such as Skadar Lake and Ohrid Lake. He played violin, and in 1896, founded a musical society named Suz. Mihailo Petrović Alas also constructed a hydrointegrator, and won the gold medal at the World Exposition in Paris 1900 . When in 1905

1221-673: The region of Kolubara was a huge bay of the Pannonian Sea ( Kolubarski zaliv ) As a result of abundant vegetation in the ancient sea, region of Kolubara and neighboring Tamnava (around Kolubara's longest tributary) today are immense lignite field which covers over 1,200 km (460 sq mi). It is estimated that coal deposits are as much as 22 billion tons, with coal layers being to 50 m (160 ft) deep, and over 20 million tons of coal are being extracted each year. Major mines are Rudovci , Kolubara (at Veliki Crljeni) and Kosmaj , with many surface digs being developed lately. With

1258-504: The study of differential equations and phenomenology, founded engineering mathematics in Serbia, and invented one of the first prototypes of a hydraulic analog computer . Petrović was born on 6 May 1868, in Belgrade , as the first child of Nikodim, a professor of theology, and Milica (née Lazarević). He finished the First Belgrade Gymnasium in 1885, and afterwards enrolled at the natural science-mathematical section of

1295-416: The water destroyed the entire agricultural output, also flooding the railway. The area was also damaged during the catastrophic 2014 Southeast Europe floods . Aside from the town of Lajkovac, the following settlements are comprised in the municipality of Lajkovac: According to the 2011 census results, the municipality of Lajkovac has 15,475 inhabitants. The ethnic composition of the municipality: Unlike

1332-449: Was a Serbian mathematician and inventor. He was also a distinguished professor at Belgrade University , an academic, fisherman , philosopher , writer, publicist, musician, businessman, traveler and volunteer in the Balkan Wars , the First and Second World Wars. He was a student of Henri Poincaré , Paul Painlevé , Charles Hermite and Émile Picard . Petrović contributed significantly to

1369-471: Was the Železnička restoracija ("Railway restaurant"), which is still operation as of March 2018. Among notable frequent guests were politician Mehmed Spaho and mathematician Mika Petrović Alas . The town prospered greatly becoming a major railway crossroads and this period is today considered as the Lajkovac's "Golden Age". There were 41 railway tracks in town itself, with one train arriving every 10 minutes. At one point, there were 1,500 railwaymen working on

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