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118-515: Laishevsky district was formed on February 14, 1927. It was incorporated into the Pestrechinsky District in 1963. Two years later it was reestablished as an administrative unit with its center in the city of Laishevo. The area is often unofficially called the "Derzhavin Territory". It is named after one of Russia's most famous poets Gavrila Derzhavin . The Laishevsky district is located on

236-507: A great power ; and one of the most powerful states in Europe after the victory over Napoleon . Peasant revolts were common, and all were fiercely suppressed. The Emperor Alexander II abolished Russian serfdom in 1861, but the peasants fared poorly and revolutionary pressures grew. In the following decades, reform efforts such as the Stolypin reforms of 1906–1914, the constitution of 1906 , and

354-476: A rave band, has gained popularity in Russia and across Europe. Russian and later Soviet cinema was a hotbed of invention, resulting in world-renowned films such as The Battleship Potemkin . Soviet-era filmmakers, most notably Sergei Eisenstein and Andrei Tarkovsky , would go on to become among of the world's most innovative and influential directors. Eisenstein was a student of Lev Kuleshov , who developed

472-689: A coalition of liberals and moderate socialists, but their failed policies led to seizure of power by the communist Bolsheviks on 25 October 1917 (7 November New Style ). In 1922, Soviet Russia, along with Soviet Ukraine , Soviet Belarus , and the Transcaucasian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR , officially merging all four republics to form the Soviet Union as a country. Between 1922 and 1991,

590-429: A former carrot warehouse for the production of fittings and plastic pipe systems in the village of Narmonka. The industrial park "In Park" is in the processes of an expansion expected to be completed by 2021. The international concern "DoorHan" is investing about 1 billion rubles in this park. Companies in these industrial zones invest not only in core activities, but in infrastructure development as well. Accordingly,

708-469: A greater variety of artistic styles in Soviet cinema. The comedies of Eldar Ryazanov and Leonid Gaidai of that time were immensely popular, with many of the catchphrases still in use today. In 1961–68 Sergey Bondarchuk directed an Oscar -winning film adaptation of Leo Tolstoy's epic War and Peace , which was the most expensive film made in the Soviet Union. In 1969, Vladimir Motyl 's White Sun of

826-488: A referendum was held and as a result of Tatarstan proclaimed state sovereignty. However, the region would subsequently decide to remain part of Russia as a sovereign republic. At the same time, Tatarstan began to pursue an independent socio-economic policy and the districts within the republic received greater independence. From 1998 to 2013, the Pestrechinsky district was headed by Shaikhulla Nasybullin, followed as head of

944-405: A solo mission on Vostok 6 . In 1965, Alexei Leonov became the first human to conduct a spacewalk , exiting the space capsule during Voskhod 2 . Until the 18th century, music in Russia consisted mainly of church music and folk songs and dances. In the 19th century, it was defined by the tension between classical composer Mikhail Glinka along with other members of The Mighty Handful , and

1062-433: A sports complex "Biathlon" there. Mikhail Pavlovich Afanasyev was the previous head of the district. Since 2020, this position has been occupied by Zaripov Ildus Fatikhovich. The executive committee is headed by Anatoly Novikov. 44,458 people live in the district according to records from 2019. According to the 2010 census 42.1% of the district's population are Tatars, 55.1% Russians , Chuvash people make up 1%. 19.73% of

1180-417: A state as a result of in-fighting between members of the princely family that ruled it collectively. After the 13th century, Moscow became a political and cultural center. Moscow has become a center for the unification of Russian lands . By the end of the 15th century, Moscow united the northeastern and northwestern Russian principalities, overthrew the "Mongol yoke" in 1480, and would be transformed into

1298-484: A technopark of the company "Danaflex". In 2019, the head of the Pestrechinsky district, Ilham Kashapov, presented a sustainable model of rural development at the Interparliamentary Assembly of CIS Participants. From 2015 to 2019, within the framework of this model 575 thousand square meters of housing were commissioned in the district, attracting another 11.3 thousand residents to the district, after which

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1416-573: A tourist attraction after the release of the TV-series. Pestrechinsky District Pestrechinsky District ( Russian : Пестречи́нский райо́н ; Tatar : Питрәч районы ) is a territorial administrative unit and municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation . The district is socio-economically developed municipal district with a total area of 1361 m located in

1534-509: Is россияне ( rossiyane ), derived from Россия ( Rossiya , Russia), which denotes "people of Russia", regardless of ethnicity or religious affiliation. In daily usage, those terms are often mixed up, and since Vladimir Putin became president, the ethnic term русские has supplanted the non-ethnic term. The name of the Russians derives from the early medieval Rus' people , a group of Norse merchants and warriors who relocated from across

1652-533: Is Christianity —It has the world's largest Orthodox population . According to differing sociological surveys on religious adherence, between 41% to over 80% of the total population of Russia adhere to the Russian Orthodox Church . Non-religious Russians may associate themselves with the Orthodox faith for cultural reasons. Some Russian people are Old Believers : a relatively small schismatic group of

1770-457: Is a golden plow and two red fish. Gold is a symbol of harvest and wealth, fish represents the fishing industry in the district. The flag of Laishevsky district is made on the basis of the coat of arms with the same images. The name of the region came from the ancient Tatar settlement of Laish according to the legend from the Nikon Chronicle . This ancient Tatar settlement of Laish in turn bore

1888-456: Is also the venue for a regular costume event in memory of the poet Gavriil Derzhavin, who was born in the village of Sokury. Laishevo is known as the filming location for the TV-series " Zuleikha Opens Her Eyes " based on the book of the same name by Guzel Yakhina . A set-decoration "Semruk" was built on the banks of the Kama River in 2018. Instead of being destroyed the set was instead made into

2006-437: Is another main area of activity with meat and dairy cattle breeding, poultry farming, horse breeding, and fur farming operations present in the region. In 2017, the gross agricultural output in the region amounted to 3.9 billion rubles, most of which related to the livestock industry. In the Pestrechinsky district, there are active programs to support farms and private households, which are provided with subsidies, including for

2124-544: Is based in Kievan Rus' . The Russian word for the Russians is derived from the people of Rus' and the territory of Rus' . Russians share many historical and cultural traits with other European peoples, and especially with other East Slavic ethnic groups, specifically Belarusians and Ukrainians . The vast majority of Russians live in native Russia, but notable minorities are scattered throughout other post-Soviet states such as Belarus , Kazakhstan , Moldova , Ukraine , and

2242-488: Is in the north-west of the district. The district is served by the railway stations and platforms: Combinat, Usady, Stolbishe and Airport. A section of the M12 highway connecting Moscow and Kazan is being designed in the district. It passes through the rural settlement of Yegoryevskoye and is planned to be opened by 2024. The zakaznik with an area of 11,890 hectares was created in the district in 2018. The purpose of this park

2360-508: Is remembered mainly for his novel Oblomov . Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin wrote prose satire, while Nikolai Leskov is best remembered for his shorter fiction. In the second half of the century Anton Chekhov excelled in short stories and became a leading dramatist. Other important 19th-century developments included the fabulist Ivan Krylov , non-fiction writers such as the critic Vissarion Belinsky , and playwrights such as Aleksandr Griboyedov and Aleksandr Ostrovsky . The beginning of

2478-445: Is summed up in the popular phrase (sometimes attributed to Emperor Alexander III of Russia ) - Хочешь быть русским - будь им! ( transl.   You want to be Russian - be that! ). Russian is the official and the predominantly spoken language in Russia. It is the most-spoken native language in Europe, the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, as well as the world's most widely spoken Slavic language . Russian

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2596-717: Is the third-most used language on the Internet after English and Spanish , and is one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station , as well as one of the six official languages of the United Nations . Russian literature is considered to be among the world's most influential and developed. It can be traced to the Middle Ages , when epics and chronicles in Old East Slavic were composed. By

2714-765: The 2021 Russian census , the number of ethnic Russians in the Russian Federation decreased by nearly 5.43 million, from roughly 111 million people in 2010 to approximately 105.5 million in 2021. Among Russians, a number of ethnographic groups stand out, such as: the Northern Russians , the Southern Russians , the Cossacks , the Goryuns , the Kamchadals , the Polekhs , the Pomors ,

2832-524: The Age of Enlightenment , literature had grown in importance, with works from Mikhail Lomonosov , Denis Fonvizin , Gavrila Derzhavin , and Nikolay Karamzin . From the early 1830s, during the Golden Age of Russian Poetry , literature underwent an astounding golden age in poetry, prose and drama. Romanticism permitted a flowering of poetic talent: Vasily Zhukovsky and later his protégé Alexander Pushkin came to

2950-505: The Baltic Sea and played an important part in the foudation of the first East Slavic state that later became the Kievan Rus' . The idea of a single " all-Russian nation " encompassing the East Slavic peoples , or a "triune nation" of three brotherly " Great Russian ", " Little Russian " (i.e. Ukrainian ), and " White Russian " (i.e. Belarusian ) peoples became the official doctrine of

3068-547: The Baltic states . A large Russian diaspora (sometimes including Russian-speaking non-Russians), estimated at 25 million people, has developed all over the world, with notable numbers in the United States , Germany , Brazil , and Canada . There are two Russian words which are commonly translated into English as "Russians". One is русские ( russkiye ), which in modern Russia most often means "ethnic Russians". The other one

3186-650: The Christianization of Kievan Rus' , for several centuries it was influenced predominantly by the Byzantine Empire . Aristotle Fioravanti and other Italian architects brought Renaissance trends into Russia. The 16th century saw the development of the unique tent-like churches ; and the onion dome design, which is a distinctive feature of Russian architecture. In the 17th century, the "fiery style" of ornamentation flourished in Moscow and Yaroslavl , gradually paving

3304-484: The Don , Terek , and Ural river basins, and played an important role in the historical and cultural development of parts of Russia. In accordance with the 2008 research results of Russian and Estonian geneticists, two groups of Russians are distinguished: the northern and southern populations. Central and Southern Russians, to which the majority of Russian populations belong, according to Y chromosome R1a, are included in

3422-754: The Hunger Plan and the Generalplan Ost , including one million civilian casualties during the Siege of Leningrad . After the victory of the Soviet Union and the Western Allies , the Soviet Union became a superpower opposing Western countries during the Cold War . By the mid-1980s, with Soviet economic and political weaknesses becoming acute, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev embarked on major reforms; these culminated in

3540-759: The Russian Chinese , the Siberians ( Siberiaks ), Starozhily , some groupings of Old Believers ( Kamenschiks , Lipovans , Semeiskie ), and others. The main ones are the Northern and Southern Russian groups. At the same time, the proposal of the ethnographer Dmitry Zelenin in his major work of 1927 Russian (East Slavic) Ethnography to consider them as separate East Slavic peoples did not find support in scientific circles. Russia's Arctic coastline had been explored and settled by Pomors , Russian settlers from Novgorod . Cossacks inhabited sparsely populated areas in

3658-650: The Russian Empire from the beginning of the 19th century onwards. The ancestors of modern Russians are the Slavic tribes , whose original home is thought by some scholars to have been the wooded areas of the Pinsk Marshes , one of the largest wetlands in Europe. The East Slavs gradually settled Western Russia with Moscow included in two waves: one moving from Kiev toward present-day Suzdal and Murom and another from Polotsk toward Novgorod and Rostov . Prior to

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3776-797: The Russian Musical Society led by composers Anton and Nikolay Rubinstein . The later tradition of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky , one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era , was continued into the 20th century by Sergei Rachmaninoff , one of the last great champions of the Romantic style of European classical music. World-renowned composers of the 20th century include Alexander Scriabin , Alexander Glazunov , Igor Stravinsky , Sergei Prokofiev , Dmitri Shostakovich , Georgy Sviridov and Alfred Schnittke . Soviet and Russian conservatories have turned out generations of world-renowned soloists. Among

3894-505: The State Duma (1906–1917) attempted to open and liberalize the economy and political system, but the Emperors refused to relinquish autocratic rule and resisted sharing their power. A combination of economic breakdown, war-weariness , and discontent with the autocratic system of government triggered revolution in Russia in 1917 . The overthrow of the monarchy initially brought into office

4012-578: The Trinity as outlined by the Nicene Creed , Orthodox fasts , military service, and practices including water baptism . Other world religions have negligible representation among ethnic Russians. The largest of these groups are Islam with over 100,000 followers from national minorities, and Baptists with over 85,000 Russian adherents. Others are mostly Pentecostals , Evangelicals , Seventh-day Adventists , Lutherans and Jehovah's Witnesses . Since

4130-634: The Tsardom of Russia after Ivan IV was crowned tsar in 1547. In 1721, Tsar Peter the Great renamed his state as the Russian Empire , hoping to associate it with historical and cultural achievements of ancient Rus' – in contrast to his policies oriented towards Western Europe. The state now extended from the eastern borders of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to the Pacific Ocean , and became

4248-742: The United States . Brighton Beach, Brooklyn and South Beach, Staten Island in New York City are examples of large communities of recent Russian and Russian-Jewish immigrants. Other examples are Sunny Isles Beach , a northern suburb of Miami , and West Hollywood of the Los Angeles area. After the Russian Revolution in 1917, many Russians who were identified with the White army moved to China  — most of them settling in Harbin and Shanghai . By

4366-505: The Volga , Kama , and Myosha . The coat of arms of the Laishevsky district was developed on the basis of the historical coat of arms of the county town of Laishev of Kazan Governorate . It was approved by the decision of the representative body of the Laishevsky municipal district on December 8, 2005. There is a shield with images of silver waves on an azure background on the coat of arms. There

4484-649: The Vysokogorsky and Arsky districts , with the Tyulyachinsky to the east, and the Rybno-Slobodsky and Laishevsky districts to the south. The western part of the district adjoins to Kazan . The flag is distinguished by its red field with a green stripe, most prominent among the motifs is a golden jug full of the same grain with a golden rooster standing upon it, supported by two silver minks sitting and turned around with tails at their paws. . The coat of arms of

4602-465: The atmosphere of Venus , and founded modern geology . Since the times of Nikolay Lobachevsky , who pioneered the non-Euclidean geometry , and a prominent tutor Pafnuty Chebyshev , Russian mathematicians became among the world's most influential. Dmitry Mendeleev invented the Periodic table , the main framework of modern chemistry . Sofya Kovalevskaya was a pioneer among women in mathematics in

4720-519: The de facto architectural style, and Nicholas I opened the gate of Eclecticism to Russia. The second half of the 19th-century was dominated by the Neo-Byzantine and Russian Revival style. In early 20th-century, Russian neoclassical revival became a trend. Prevalent styles of the late 20th-century were the Art Nouveau , Constructivism , and Socialist Classicism . Russia's largest religion

4838-462: The dissolution of the Soviet Union , leaving Russia again alone and marking the beginning of the post-Soviet Russian period. The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic renamed itself the Russian Federation and became one of several successors to the Soviet Union . Ethnic Russians historically migrated within the areas of the former Russian Empire and Soviet Union , though they were sometimes encouraged to re-settle in borderland areas by

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4956-415: The gross regional product of the district was 28.6% in 2018. The territory of the Laishevsky district has become a platform for the work of a number of branches of the capital organizations of Tatarstan and companies from other regions of Russia. This is due in large part to the proximity to Kazan and its developed transport infrastructure. The district is also home to numerous commercial entities such as

5074-738: The mixed economy and diverse society and culture of the 1920s through the command economy and repressions of the Joseph Stalin era to the "era of stagnation" from the 1960s to the 1980s. The actions of the Soviet government caused the death of millions of citizens in the famine of 1930–1933 and the Great Purge . The attack by Nazi Germany and the ensuing war , together with the Holocaust , again claimed millions of lives . Millions of Russian civilians and prisoners of war were killed or starved to death during Nazi Germany's genocidal policies called

5192-456: The "Nefis" group of companies, the " Naukograd ", the "Ozon" warehouse complex, the "ICL – KMECS" industrial electronics plant, the " Ak Bars Holding " poultry complex, the "Laishevsky" poultry complex, a dairy plant, a food processing plant, a fish factory, the agricultural company "Jubileynoe" and the "Kazan fat plant". The revenue of agricultural enterprises in the region amounted to 5.5 billion rubles in 2019. The bulk of their income comes from

5310-533: The "PLC Group" plans to organize a scientific center to create oil filters which will create 70 jobs in the village of Sokury while "KMIZ Luch" is building cottages for employees in the village of Kirb. Major highways in the district are the R-239 "Kazan - Orenburg - border with Kazakhstan ", " Shali ( M-7 ) - Sorochi Gory" (backup R-239 on the section from M-7 to Kama), and "R-239 - Laishevo", "R-239 - Matyushino", R-245 "R-239 - Airport". The "Kazan" international airport

5428-511: The 1650s the city had lost its military significance. Most of the personnel of the fortress had been withdrawn and the population was reduced. Laishevo was a suburb of the Kazan province in 1708. Laishevo later received the status of a district town, becoming the fourth largest town in the Kazan province. Subsequently, people from all over the Laishevsky district were drawn to the Laishevo seeking work and

5546-630: The 1930s, Harbin had 100,000 Russians. Many of these Russians moved back to the Soviet Union after World War II . Today, a large group in northern China still speak Russian as a second language. Russians ( eluosizu ) are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China (as the Russ ); there are approximately 15,600 Russian Chinese living mostly in northern Xinjiang , and also in Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang . According to

5664-525: The 19th century. Grigori Perelman was offered the first ever Clay Millennium Prize Problems Award for his final proof of the Poincaré conjecture in 2002, as well as the Fields Medal in 2006, both of which he declined. Alexander Popov was among the inventors of radio , while Nikolai Basov and Alexander Prokhorov were co-inventors of laser and maser . Zhores Alferov contributed significantly to

5782-552: The 20th century ranks as the Silver Age of Russian Poetry . This era had poets such as Alexander Blok , Anna Akhmatova , Boris Pasternak , Konstantin Balmont , Marina Tsvetaeva , Vladimir Mayakovsky , and Osip Mandelstam . It also produced some first-rate novelists and short-story writers, such as Aleksandr Kuprin , Nobel Prize winner Ivan Bunin , Leonid Andreyev , Yevgeny Zamyatin , Dmitry Merezhkovsky and Andrei Bely . After

5900-539: The Desert was released, a very popular film in a genre of ostern ; the film is traditionally watched by cosmonauts before any trip into space. In 2002, Russian Ark was the first feature film ever to be shot in a single take. Today, the Russian cinema industry continues to expand. The history of Russian architecture begins with early woodcraft buildings of ancient Slavs, and the architecture of Kievan Rus' . Following

6018-455: The Gulag camps. Russian philosophy has been greatly influential. Alexander Herzen is known as one of the fathers of agrarian populism . Mikhail Bakunin is referred to as the father of anarchism . Peter Kropotkin was the most important theorist of anarcho-communism . Mikhail Bakhtin 's writings have significantly inspired scholars. Helena Blavatsky gained international following as

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6136-683: The Museum of the Laishevsky District, the House of Folk Art and the Museum of the History of the Festival "Karavon", which annually holds a major event in the village of Russkoye Nikolskoye. The regional newspaper "Kamskaya Nov" ("Kama Yagy") is published in Russian and Tatar languages. The "Kamskoye More" sailing regatta is held annually in Laishevo. A new city beach with the same name was opened in 2017. The city

6254-446: The Pestrechinsky district increased by 16 thousand. Several large highways pass through the Pestrechinsky district including the M-7 (Volga) " Moscow - Kazan - Ufa ", Shali - Sorochi Gory, Kazan - Lenino-Kokushkino - Tyulyachi - Shemordan , Staroye Shigaleevo - Pestretsy - Kulaevo (M-7). The Ministry of Transport plans to lay a part of the transport corridor "Western Europe - Western China" (section Yoshkar-Ola - Shali) through

6372-399: The Pestrechinsky district was approved in 2007 and entered into the State Heraldic Register of the Russian Federation under the designation No. 3190. In the center of the coat of arms, there is a jug representing the development of the craft industry in the region, whose inhabitants were actively engaged in jewelry, leather, wood, and metalworking industries. The jug filled with grain symbolizes

6490-401: The Pestrechinsky site which dates from the Bronze Age in XVIII-IX BC. An Eneolithic era site belonging to the Garino-Borsk culture from III-II thousand years BC was also discovered on the right bank. In total, along the coast of Myosha, archaeologists have recorded a cultural layer 45 meters long. In 2010, in the vicinity of the village of Lenino-Kokushkino, a treasure hoard of 350 silver coins

6608-473: The Russian Orthodoxy that rejected the liturgical reforms introduced in the 17th century. Other schisms from Orthodoxy include Doukhobors which in the 18th century rejected secular government, the Russian Orthodox priests, icons, all church ritual, the Bible as the supreme source of divine revelation and the divinity of Jesus, and later emigrated into Canada. An even earlier sect were Molokans which formed in 1550 and rejected Czar's divine right to rule , icons,

6726-627: The Russian Revolution of 1917, Russian literature split into Soviet and white émigré parts. In the 1930s, Socialist realism became the predominant trend in Russia. Its leading figure was Maxim Gorky , who laid the foundations of this style. Mikhail Bulgakov was one of the leading writers of the Soviet era. Nikolay Ostrovsky 's novel How the Steel Was Tempered has been among the most successful works of Russian literature. Influential émigré writers include Vladimir Nabokov . Some writers dared to oppose Soviet ideology, such as Nobel Prize-winning novelist Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn , who wrote about life in

6844-435: The Russian ethnicity - and as a historic great power with imperial expansionist tendencies the Russian state has sometimes encouraged Russian-centred monoculturalism. Steppe peoples, Tatars, Baltic Germans, Lithuanians and native Siberians in Rus' , Muscovy or the Russian Empire could in theory become "Russians" ( Russian : русские ) simply by accepting Russian Orthodoxy as their faith. The attitude of ready inclusivity

6962-435: The Saltansky (from April 5, 1946 - Kornoukhovsky) district in 1944. The flooding of the reservoir of the Zhiguli Hydroelectric Station in 1956, submerged almost a third of the land in the Laishevsky district including villages, arable lands, and meadows. The Laishevsky district was incorporated into Pestrechinsky in 1963, but two years later it was reestablished as an independent administrative unit on January 12, 1965. Laishevo

7080-409: The Slavic migration in the 6-7th centuries, the Suzdal-Murom and Novgorod-Rostov areas were populated by Finnic peoples , including the Merya , the Muromians , and the Meshchera . From the 7th century onwards, the East Slavs slowly assimilated the native Finnic peoples, so that by year 1100, the majority of the population in Western Russia was Slavic-speaking. Recent genetic studies confirm

7198-458: The Soviet Union named after Pyotr Gavrilov in the village of Alvidino. A branch of Tatmedia, Pestretsy-inform, operates in the region; it includes the regional newspaper Vperyod (Alga) which is published in Russian and Tatar as well as the Pestretsy TV channel. In 2013, on the territory of the village of Pestretsy on the right bank of the Mesha, two ancient archeological sites were found in the Laishevsky forest which would subsequently be designated

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7316-692: The Tsarist and later Soviet government. Sometimes ethnic Russian communities, such as the Lipovans who settled in the Danube delta or the Doukhobors in Canada , emigrated as religious dissidents fleeing the central authority. There are also small Russian communities in the Balkans — including Lipovans in the Danube delta — Central European nations such as Germany and Poland , as well as Russians settled in China , Japan , South Korea , Mexico , Brazil , Argentina and Australia . These communities identify themselves to varying degrees as Russians, citizens of these countries, or both. Significant numbers of Russians emigrated to Canada , Australia and

7434-425: The agricultural enterprise "Koschakovsky", a fish farm "Ushnya", horse farm "Kazansky", agricultural complex "Karpovka", "Pestretsy-agro", "Ratsin-Shali" and the "Pestrechinskaya food corporation". The Pestrechinsky District has actively expanded cooperation with investors. In 2017, the volume of investment per capita amounted to almost 231 thousand rubles. In 2018, several large investment projects were launched in

7552-451: The agricultural traditions and modern agricultural production that form the basis of the regional economy. The two minks represent another developed sector of the economy - fur production. The red color on the coat of arms represents the qualities of hard work, strength, courage and beauty. Gold signifies the bounty of the harvest, wealth, solar energy, and warmth. Green is a symbol of nature, health, youth, growth and life. The regional flag

7670-408: The bank of the Kuybyshev Reservoir 62 km south-east of Kazan . The region covers an area of 2094.43 km and borders on Kazan, the Pestrechinsky District and Rybno-Slobodsky District . The district also shares borders with the Verkhneuslonsky , Kamsko-Ustinsky , Alekseevsky , and the Spassky districts along the water area of the Kuibyshevsky reservoir. Large rivers in the district are

7788-503: The best known are violinists David Oistrakh and Gidon Kremer , cellist Mstislav Rostropovich , pianists Vladimir Horowitz , Sviatoslav Richter , and Emil Gilels , and vocalist Galina Vishnevskaya . During the Soviet times, popular music also produced a number of renowned figures, such as the two balladeers — Vladimir Vysotsky and Bulat Okudzhava , and performers such as Alla Pugacheva . Jazz , even with sanctions from Soviet authorities, flourished and evolved into one of

7906-471: The city of Laishevo, and the settlement of the Sovkhoz October 25. Laishevsky district ranks 4th in national rankings in terms of quality of life among 43 districts in 2020. The average salary in Laishevo is 43.6 thousand rubles which is more than other municipalities. There are 540 small and 10 medium-sized enterprises on the territory of the district, and 1274 individual entrepreneurs were registered in 2019. The share of small and medium-sized businesses in

8024-420: The city. Laishevsky district was formed on February 14, 1927, among the first eight districts of the TASSR . At the same time, the Laishevsky, Sviyazhsky, and Tetyushsky cantons were abolished. The municipality included 40 village councils and 85 settlements, where 52,997 people already lived. Part of the territory passed to the Stolbishchensky district in August 1938. Several village councils were transferred to

8142-420: The construction of mini-farms, the purchase of milking machines, the purchase of young poultry, and other investments. A major investor in the region's agriculture is “ Ak Bars Holding ”. Other revenue-generating enterprises include the Koschakovsky fur farm, the Pestrechinsky poultry farm "Ak Bars" (brand "Pestrechinka"), the company "Gazovik" (consists of 3 branches: "Bogorodsky", "Tatarsky" and "Shigaleevsky"),

8260-478: The contemporary Northern Russians also are genetically close of all Slavic peoples only to the Poles and similar to the Balts. However, this does not mean the northern Russians origin from the Balts or the Poles, more likely, that all the peoples of the Nordic gene pool are descendants of Paleo-European population, which has remained around Baltic Sea . Russians have sometimes found it useful to emphasize their self-perceived ability to assimilate other people to

8378-429: The country's most popular musical forms. The Ganelin Trio have been described by critics as the greatest ensemble of free-jazz in continental Europe . By the 1980s, rock music became popular across Russia, and produced bands such as Aria , Aquarium , DDT , and Kino . Pop music in Russia has continued to flourish since the 1960s, with globally famous acts such as t.A.T.u. In the recent times, Little Big ,

8496-560: The creation of modern heterostructure physics and electronics . Oleg Losev made crucial contributions in the field of semiconductor junctions , and discovered light-emitting diodes . Vladimir Vernadsky is considered one of the founders of geochemistry , biogeochemistry , and radiogeology . Élie Metchnikoff is known for his groundbreaking research in immunology . Ivan Pavlov is known chiefly for his work in classical conditioning . Lev Landau made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics . Nikolai Vavilov

8614-514: The district amounted to more than 8 billion rubles, of which 906 million were invested in the agricultural sector. In 2019, an online CRM system was launched in the district to work with investors to ensure effective relationships, reduce the time for the provision of services from the administration and potentially increase the number of investment projects in the district. The district has an industrial site "GreenwichPark Pestretsy" (in 2020 there were two residents "Spectrum" and "Technopark") and

8732-482: The district with combined revenues amounting to more than 2.5 billion rubles in 2020. Two more industrial sites are under construction in the villages of Kirby and Derzhavino. There are plans to create another industrial zone "Smart City Kazan" by 2030. The largest and most successful investment projects from 2013 to 2019 were the project of the "KZSA" (Kazan plant of special vehicles) for the production of vans, caravans, and motorhomes, as well as "Tekhstroy" which converted

8850-497: The district's population live in urban conditions. There are 1 urban, 23 rural settlements, 1 city, and 68 settlements in Laishevsky district [37]. The administrative centers of rural settlements in the district are: Atabaevo , Malye Kabany, Gabishevo , Derzhavino , Kaipy, Kirbi , Kurmanakovo, Tashkirmen , Malaya Yelga , Matyushino, Narmonka , Nikolskoye, Oryol, Pelyovo , Peschanye Kovali, Rozhdestveno, Sokury, Sredniy Devyatovo, Stolbishe, Tatar Saralas , Tatar Yantyk , Chirpy,

8968-469: The district, including the reconstruction of a facility for the production of flexible packaging by the Danaflex company, with investment in the project amounting to 140 million rubles, construction of wholesale warehouses for alcoholic beverages (attracting about 200 million), the opening of a milk processing plant (30 million), and production of polyethylene pipes (20 million). In total, in 2018 investment in

9086-413: The economy of the city began to develop. Iron Fairs were held in Laishevo, where cast iron, ironwork, and metal products had been sold since the beginning of the 19th century. 5,380 people lived in Laishevo at the end of the 19th century. There was an poorhouse , a two-year school, a hospital, a postal and telegraphy station, an orphan's court, a treasury, a women's gymnasium, and a parochial school in

9204-465: The estate of Vladimir Ulyanov 's grandfather - Alexander Blank. In the village of Arkatovo, there is the Smolensk Church of 1746, where the miraculous icon of the same name is kept. There are three holy springs near the church, attracting pilgrims from all over the region. Kryashens (baptized Tatars) live in the Pestrechinsky district which contains one Kryashen church the temple of St. Nicholas in

9322-467: The fall of the Soviet Union various new religious movements have sprung up and gathered a following among ethnic Russians. The most prominent of these are Rodnovery , the revival of the Slavic native religion also common to other Slavic nations . Football is the most popular sport in Russia. The Soviet Union national football team became the first European champions by winning Euro 1960 , and reached

9440-423: The fore. Following Pushkin's footsteps, a new generation of poets were born, including Mikhail Lermontov , Nikolay Nekrasov , Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy , Fyodor Tyutchev and Afanasy Fet . The first great Russian novelist was Nikolai Gogol . Then came Ivan Turgenev , who mastered both short stories and novels. Fyodor Dostoevsky and Leo Tolstoy soon became internationally renowned. Ivan Goncharov

9558-561: The general "East European" gene cluster with the rest East and West Slavs (Poles, Czechs and Slovaks), as well as the non-Slavic Hungarians and Aromanians . Genetically, East Slavs are quite similar to West Slavs; such genetic similarity is somewhat unusual for genetics with such a wide settlement of the Slavs, especially Russians. The high unity of the autosomal markers of the East Slavic populations and their significant differences from

9676-494: The groundbreaking Soviet montage theory of film editing at the world's first film school , the All-Union Institute of Cinematography . Dziga Vertov 's " Kino-Eye " theory had a huge impact on the development of documentary filmmaking and cinema realism. Many Soviet socialist realism films were artistically successful, including Chapaev , The Cranes Are Flying , and Ballad of a Soldier . The 1960s and 1970s saw

9794-657: The grounds of the State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve " Lenino-Kokushkino " which is located within the district. Additionally the Pestrechinskaya stoyanka historical monument dating from the Bronze Age (XVIII-IX BC) can be found near the village of Pestretsy. The district encompasses a total land area of 1361 m with the district seat located in Predkamye. To the north, the Pestrechinsky district shares borders with

9912-690: The history of Russia became essentially the history of the Soviet Union , effectively an ideologically based state roughly conterminous with the Russian Empire before the 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk . From its first years, government in the Soviet Union based itself on the one-party rule of the Communists, as the Bolsheviks called themselves, beginning in March 1918. The approach to the building of socialism, however, varied over different periods in Soviet history: from

10030-674: The honored test pilot of the USSR Avdeev, Ivan Yegorovich from the village of Priyutovo. In the Pestrechinsky district there is a centralized club and library system, the Pestrechinsky Museum of Local Lore includes a department of the Regional Museum in the village of Kryashch-Serda specializing in the study of the life and national culture of the Kryashens, as well as the Museum of the Hero of

10148-502: The integral rating of investment attractiveness of municipal districts and urban districts of Tatarstan. The rating assessed the volume of investments from Russian and foreign investors, the number of registered companies with foreign capital, as well as the effectiveness of promoting the investment potential of the republic's subjects. Six industrial companies operate on the territory of the municipality supporting small and medium-sized businesses. Overall there were 32 commercial entities in

10266-482: The leading theoretician of Theosophy , and co-founded the Theosophical Society . Vladimir Lenin , a major revolutionary, developed a variant of communism known as Leninism . Leon Trotsky , on the other hand, founded Trotskyism . Alexander Zinoviev was a prominent philosopher in the second half of the 20th century. Mikhail Lomonosov proposed the conservation of mass in chemical reactions , discovered

10384-471: The most spoken Slavic language . The majority of Russians adhere to Orthodox Christianity , ever since the formation of the Russian identity in the Middle Ages . By total numbers, they are the largest Slavic and European nation . Genetic studies show that Russians are closely related to Poles , Belarusians , Ukrainians , as well as Estonians , Latvians , Lithuanians and Finns . They were formed from East Slavic tribes, and their cultural ancestry

10502-448: The name of its founder, the elder Laish from Bolgar . The city of Laishev was founded 62 km from Kazan as a fortress city in 1557. It was made for the protection of the crossing of the Kama River from attacks by the nogais and Mari people . The first inhabitants of the city were streltsy , gunners, and other military personnel. The wall of the Laishevsky prison had a length of about 500 meters with 6 towers and 582 arrowslits . By

10620-408: The name. According to the first, Pestretsy is formed from the "motley people" (pestryy narod), or various workers who settled in the region in the 15th-16th centuries such as woodcarvers, fellers, potters, carpenters, tailors. Another version suggests that the name comes from the "speck" mushrooms (pestrets) from the moss family often found in the region. Prehistoric peoples first began to settle on

10738-578: The neighboring Finnic, Turkic and Caucasian peoples were revealed. Northern Russians , according to mtDNA , Y chromosome and autosomal marker CCR5de132, are included in the "North European" gene cluster (the Poles , the Balts , Germanic and Baltic Finnic peoples ). Consequently, the already existing biologo-genetic studies have made all hypotheses about the mixing of the Russians with non-Slavic ethnic groups or their "non-Slavism" obsolete or pseudoscientific. At

10856-568: The north-western region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The administrative center of the district is Pestretsy , a rural locality (tat. Питрәч). In 2019, the district had population of 45,054 people. The Pestrechinsky District is one of the most important agricultural regions of Tatarstan. The main sectors of the district economy are meat and dairy cattle breeding, poultry farming , horse breeding, and animal husbandry in general. The estate of Vladimir Ulyanov 's grandfather Alexander Blank stands on

10974-400: The population increased to 43.7 thousand. In terms of housing stock under construction, the Pestrechinsky district ranks third in the republic after Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny . In 2020, the Pestrechinsky district took first place in terms of the total area of residential buildings commissioned per capita. For example, as a result of the residential complex "Tsarevo" alone the population of

11092-583: The post-Soviet period, the religious, cultural, and everyday distinctiveness of the Kryashens from the Muslim Tatars became the reason for a number of Krashen organizations to demand recognition of the status of an independent people. The most famous district Kryashen is the Hero of the Soviet Union Pyotr Gavrilov , the defender of the Brest Fortress . Another well-known native of the area is

11210-506: The presence of a Finnic substrate in modern Russian population. Outside archaeological remains, little is known about the predecessors to Russians in general prior to 859 AD, when the Primary Chronicle starts its records. By 600 AD, the Slavs are believed to have split linguistically into southern , western , and eastern branches. The Rus' state was established in northern Russia in

11328-532: The production of artistic ceramics with Tatar national ornaments. In 1787 the population of Pestretsy was 865 men and 913 women composing 310 households in total. According to statistics from 1901, there were 356 courtyards, 2259 souls, 66 private pottery establishments, several small brick factories, two industrial-type pottery establishments in Pestretsy, and a workshop for the production of ceramic chimneys, ceramic tiles, and tile tiles. The Pestrechinsky district

11446-474: The production of meat and poultry. Additional industries include beekeeping, spring wheat, rye, barley, oats, peas, and flax. The "Narmonka" company and the "Zolotoy Kolos" agricultural enterprise are among the large agricultural producers in the district. The "Laishevsky" poultry complex and the "Yaratel" poultry farm account for 80% of the eggs produced in Tatarstan. The SEZ ( Special economic zone ) " Innopolis "

11564-483: The region by Eduard Diyarov who began to actively develop the agricultural sector in the region. Since 2018, the district has been headed by Ilham Kashapov. As of 2019, there were 45,054 residents in the region. The district is ethnically heterogeneous with Tatars making up 57% of it is inhabitants, Russians 38%, baptized Tatars and small groups of Chuvash , Armenians , Georgians , Mari and Ukrainians make up around another 2% respectively. From 2001 to 2011,

11682-692: The region experienced a population decline . In 2012, the birth rate in the district slightly increased to 343 births compared to 332 registered deaths. Additionally mortality rates have fallen over the past decade. There are 74 settlements in the Pestrechinsky district, comprising 21 rural settlements. The administrative centers of rural settlements are the large villages of Belkino, Bogorodskoe, Ekaterinovka, Kibyachi , Kobyakovo , Kovali , Kon , Koschakovo, Kryash-Serda , Kulayevo , Lenino-Kokushkino , Nadezhdino, Otar-Dubrovka , Panovka, Pestretsy, Pimeri , Tatarskoe Khodyashevo, Chita, Shali, Staroe Shigaleevo and Yantsevary. Agricultural engineering interests in

11800-406: The region, are primarily represented by the "Press" company. Other large enterprises operating in the district are the regional operational gas service and the organizations "Partner" and "Stroitel". The region is a key point in the development of the agro-industrial complex of Tatarstan and is characterized by its lack of urbanization . As of 2013, the rural share of the population was 100%. At

11918-451: The region. These include the Pestrechinskaya central regional hospital, Koschakovskaya, Lenino-Kokushkinskaya, Panovskaya, and Shalinskaya medical outpatient clinics, as well as 31 medical and obstetric points. Pestrechinsky district is included along the small ring of the tourist route "Pearl Necklace of Tatarstan" with attractions like the State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve of Republican significance "Lenino-Kokushkino" containing

12036-602: The same time, the long-standing identification of the Northern Russian and Southern Russian ethnographic groups by ethnologists was confirmed. The previous conclusions of physical anthropologists, historians and linguists (see, in particular, the works of the academician Valentin Yanin ) about the proximity of the ancient Novgorod Slavs and their language not to the East, but to west Baltic Slavs . As can be seen from genetic resources ,

12154-496: The same time, the region is a leader in terms of unemployment in Tatarstan, which in 2020 was reported at 4.11% or more than twice the average for the republic. The primary crops cultivated in the district include fodder, grain, leguminous crops, winter rye, barley, oats, and potatoes. In total, there are 26 agricultural entities in the district, including an agricultural cooperative, subsidiary farms, private limited companies, joint-stock companies, and peasant farms. Animal husbandry

12272-602: The territory of the district, containing artificially created forests which are composed of species of pine and larch in the water protection zone of the Ushnya River. There are 29 secondary schools, 13 preschool institutions, 1 boarding school, and the Lenino-Kokushkin vocational lyceum in the region. In the field of health care infrastructure, there is a clinic, a hospital, and an intensive care unit as well as 4 medical outpatient clinics. There are 36 medical institutions in

12390-530: The territory of the modern Pestrechinsky district at the end of the ice age . These inhabitants were primarily engaged in fishing and hunting and remnants of their places of living were subsequently discovered near the village of Pestretsy. The village itself was formed more than 400 years ago, after the Siege of Kazan by the troops of Ivan the Terrible . During his reign, the Trinity-Sergius Monastery

12508-726: The territory of the region. The fact that the M-7 highway crosses the Mamadyshsky tract is a frequent cause of traffic jams. To solve this problem, construction of the Voznesensky tract is expected to begin in 2021, which will relieve the Mamadyshsky tract. The most significant water source in the region is the Myosha River. In total, 146 springs have been identified in the region, of which 7 are of historical importance. The Lenino-Kokushkinsky state natural-historical zakaznik (natural park) resides on

12626-661: The village of Kryash-Serda. The culture of the Kryashens of Zakazania and the Pestrechinsky region is considered the standard of the Kryashen folk tradition. The ancestors of the Kryashens of the Pestrechinsky district were old-baptized Tatars and retained pagan beliefs even into the 19th century. At the same time, from the 16th to the beginning of the 20th centuries, the Kryaschens adopted many Christian beliefs which began combine with their old traditions to create their unique traditions. In

12744-509: The way for the Naryshkin baroque of the 1690s. After the reforms of Peter the Great, Russia's architecture became influenced by Western European styles. The 18th-century taste for Rococo architecture led to the splendid works of Bartolomeo Rastrelli and his followers. During the reign of Catherine the Great, Saint Petersburg was transformed into an outdoor museum of Neoclassical architecture . During Alexander I 's rule, Empire style became

12862-538: The year 862, which was ruled by the Varangians . Staraya Ladoga and Novgorod became the first major cities of the new union of immigrants from Scandinavia with the Slavs and Finns . In 882, the prince Oleg seized Kiev , thereby uniting the northern and southern lands of the East Slavs under one authority. The state adopted Christianity from the Byzantine Empire in 988. Kievan Rus' ultimately disintegrated as

12980-433: Was best known for having identified the centers of origin of cultivated plants. Many famous Russian scientists and inventors were émigrés . Igor Sikorsky was an aviation pioneer . Vladimir Zworykin was the inventor of the iconoscope and kinescope television systems. Theodosius Dobzhansky was the central figure in the field of evolutionary biology for his work in shaping the modern synthesis . George Gamow

13098-475: Was created in the village of Usady in 2018. The total area of "Innopolis" is 110 hectares. The main infrastructure facility is an eight-story technopark with an area of 12.4 km belonging to the ICL company. IBM , Leroy Merlin, Auchan, British Petroleum, and other companies located on the territory of "Innopolis". The district's investment in fixed assets amounted to 12.5 billion rubles in 2019. It took third place in

13216-448: Was developed on the basis of the district coat of arms and was approved in May 2007. It consists of a red cloth with a green stripe 2/9 of the flag's width at the bottom edge. In the center, there are two mink holding a yellow jug with grain and a rooster standing on it. The area is named after its administrative center located in the village of Pestretsy. There are two versions of the origin of

13334-407: Was discovered. The hoard contained coins minted on behalf of the Moscow rulers Ivan III , Vasily III , Ivan IV at the mints of Moscow , Tver , Novgorod , and Pskov . Russians Russians ( Russian : русские , romanized :  russkiye [ˈruskʲɪje] ) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe . Their mother tongue is Russian ,

13452-545: Was erected on Sviyazhskaya Mountain on the banks of the Volga, an event that was followed by the granting of land to east of Kazan to its builders by Ivan IV. The first settlement in those parts was named the Trinity Wasteland (Troitskaya Pustosh'). Subsequently, the area began to be actively populated by various artisans. In the 16th century, the pottery industry became especially developed in the region, which would then grow into

13570-651: Was formed on August 10, 1930. Until 1920, the territory of the present district was located in the Laishevsky and Kazan districts. From 1920 to 1927 the district was part of the Laishevsky and Arsk cantons of the TASSR , and from 1927 to 1930 it was contained completely within the Arsk canton. After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Tatarstan made an attempt to secede from the Russian Federation and gain its independence. In 1992,

13688-598: Was included in the list of historical cities of Russia in 1990. The boundaries of the district continues to change. Thus the Narmonskoye and Karaishevskoye rural settlements were united into the Narmon rural settlement by the regional law on June 9, 2010. The part of the lands of the Matyushinsky rural settlement of the Laishevsky district with an area of 63.2 hectares passed to Kazan on November 16, 2020. There are plans to build

13806-573: Was one of the foremost advocates of the Big Bang theory. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky is called the father of theoretical astronautics , whose works had inspired leading Soviet rocket engineers, such as Valentin Glushko , and many others. In 1961, the first human trip into space was successfully made by Yuri Gagarin . In 1963, Valentina Tereshkova became the first and youngest woman in space , having flown

13924-474: Was to preserve a stable population of aquatic biological resources of the Mesha River. In addition, there are natural monuments that highlight exceptional features of the terrain in the district: The district is served by 35 secondary schools and 26 libraries. Additionally the Laishevsky technical and economic college was opened in the district in 2020. The cultural resources of the district are represented by

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