119-750: The Arkansas Razorbacks , also known as the Hogs , are the intercollegiate athletics teams representing the University of Arkansas , located in Fayetteville . The University of Arkansas student body voted to change the name of the school mascot (originally the Cardinals ) in 1910 to the Arkansas Razorbacks after a hard-fought battle against LSU in which they were said to play like a "wild band of Razorback hogs " by former coach Hugo Bezdek . The Arkansas Razorbacks are
238-465: A Final Four appearance under him, finishing 3rd by defeating Notre Dame on a last-second shot in the now-defunct consolation game. In the 1980s, the football team was now coached by former Razorback All-American Ken Hatfield (1984-1989), and established itself as a powerful running team. The Razorbacks challenged for the SWC title each year, winning the conference championship in 1988 and 1989, and went to
357-579: A contract with NBC to televise its home football games for $ 15 million a year through 2025. The average revenue per conference in 1999 was $ 13.5 million. Universities spend a very large amount of money on their college organizations in the facilities, coaches, equipment, and other aspects. In most states, the person with the highest taxpayer-provided base salary is a public college football or basketball coach. This figure does not include coaches at private colleges. By 2015, most Division I schools had established single-source contracts, which supply
476-416: A ditch with a passenger aboard. He was fired after it was revealed this passenger was his mistress whom he had hired onto his staff. AD Jeff Long introduced special teams coordinator, and former Michigan State head coach, John L. Smith as the interim coach for the 2012 season in late April. Smith entered the season as the steward of a preseason Top 10 squad with multiple preseason Heisman hopefuls. He recorded
595-467: A given season. College athletics has been popular since the 1920s and its popularity has increased as the games are being televised. Also, college sports are important both culturally and economically. Intercollegiate athletics creates a culturally and racially diverse setting for academics and athletics. Economically some schools are benefiting from their athletic programs through ticket sales, merchandise sales, and outside donations. College sports in
714-475: A hobby and transportation option is growing rapidly in Northwest Arkansas, which has seen demand for the club to diversify. Although Arkansas Cycling Club has a well-grounded racing team, it also offers a number of great membership benefits and community-orientated group rides to those riders who are looking to enjoy the sport of cycling without the competitiveness of racing. For more information, please visit
833-504: A larger portion of the student body. Competition between student clubs from different colleges, not organized by and therefore not representing the institutions or their faculties, may also be called "intercollegiate" athletics or simply college sports. Unlike in the rest of the world, in the contemporary United States, many college sports are extremely popular on both regional and national scales, even competing with professional championships for prime-time broadcast , print coverage and for
952-457: A number of single sport-organizations, including leagues and conferences (see " List of college athletic conferences in the United States "), as well as governing bodies that sponsor collegiate championships (see " Intercollegiate sports team champions "). During the early 1840s, student-athletes contributed actively to all phases of administration and control. Student athletes were involved in
1071-676: A petition asking Yurachek to hire Pittman. In 2020, Arkansas only played ten games (all teams from the SEC) due to the COVID-19 pandemic . Arkansas' last conference victory had been on October 28, 2017 against Ole Miss. On October 3, 2020, Pittman's Razorbacks broke a 20-game SEC losing streak by defeating Mississippi St in Starkville, 21-14. The team would finish the SEC-only season at 3-7, also beating Ole Miss and Tennessee. Pittman's 2021 squad would improve upon
1190-487: A power running game and strong defense and led the Hogs back to a winning record in 2014 including back-to-back shutouts over top ten teams, the first time in history such a feat had been accomplished by an unranked team, and a victory over Texas in the 2014 Texas Bowl at the end of the season. Bielema would coach Arkansas to another bowl victory in 2015, beating Kansas State in the 2016 Liberty Bowl . However, his team collapsed in
1309-677: A profit around $ 80.5 million. Each year television, advertisements, and licensing revenue also adds to the NCAA profit, but donations, ticket sales, and merchandise sales goes to the school. From marketing and television fees the NCAA gained nearly $ 753.5 million in 2014. In 2010, two of the most profitable college conferences—the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and the Big Ten—earned over $ 1 billion and $ 905 million, respectively. The University of Texas' football program, which
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#17330850072231428-407: A serious injury while on the field, the scholarship does not pay for the bill of the surgery. Colleges such as University of Connecticut (UConn), Syracuse University , and Kansas State University have some of the worst graduation rates in the country for their student-athletes. UConn had a 25% graduation rate until recently it rose to 50%. Yet, UConn still receives $ 1.4 million competing in
1547-469: A team in each of the three season (i. e., Fall, Winter, Spring). Excluding basketball and football, teams must play 100% of their minimum number of games against Division 1 opponents, and 50% of games above the minimum number must be played against Division I teams. Men's and women's basketball teams must play all but two of their contests against Division 1 opponents, and men must play at least one third of their games in their home arena. In Division I, football
1666-721: A women's division in 1975. In the early 1980s, the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics and the National Collegiate Athletic Association began sponsoring intercollegiate championships for women, and, following one year of direct rivalry in the form of competing championship events, the AIAW discontinued operation after the 1981–82 season. Title IX has had a considerable impact on college athletics. Since its passing, Title IX has allowed for female participation to almost double in college sports. Before
1785-578: Is Missouri State : the Razorbacks and Ice Bears play an annual home-and-away series, with great attendance at both venues. The University of Arkansas Cycling Club is one of the fastest-growing sports clubs on campus. For the past five years, Arkansas Cycling Club has hosted its annual cycling event, the Arkansas Classic, which attracts collegiate and non-collegiate cyclists from over 10 states, some from as far as Minnesota and Wisconsin. The club represents
1904-460: Is cross country (with 2,065 NCAA teams) and baseball/softball is third (1,952). Principles for intercollegiate athletics include "gender equity, sportsmanship, and ethical conduct, sound academic standards, nondiscrimination, diversity within governance, rules compliance, amateurism, competitive equity, recruiting, eligibility, financial aid, playing and practice seasons, postseason competition and contests sponsored by noncollegiate organizations, and
2023-522: Is further sectioned into FBS ( NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ), and FCS ( Football Championship Subdivision ). FBS schools must play at least 60% of their games against other FBS opponents, and demonstrate their ability to attract a high level of spectatorship." Additionally, college football bowl eligibility rules mandate that only one win over an FCS team can be counted toward the six required for eligibility; this in turn means that FBS teams typically schedule at most one game against an FCS team in
2142-676: Is generally seen as a substantial roadblock, only because of the differences between big-time men's sports (football/men's basketball) and women's sports, but also because of the gap between those "big two" sports' profit-producing programs and virtually all other collegiate sports, both male and female. Depending on how one views "pay for play," this can be either a positive of negative effect of Title IX. Increases in opportunities for male coaches, however, have resulted from Title IX legislation. Before Title IX, 90 percent of women's intercollegiate teams were coached by women. By 1978, when all educational institutions were required to comply with Title IX,
2261-455: Is given directly to the players. Collegiate athletics entails time-consuming, intense commitment to practice and play. Only some athletic scholarships are "full rides", and many student-athletes are not able to afford dining, entertainment, and even some educational expenses. Outside of summertime, when work is permitted, student-athletes have no extra time for work in addition to practice, training, and classes. Paying student-athletes would give
2380-708: Is home to student intramural facilities). The tennis team's head coach is Michael Hegarty. The team's facilities are the Billingsley Center (outdoor) and the adjacent Dills Indoor Tennis Center. Tennis is one of the oldest varsity sports at Arkansas with a continuous history from the first year of the Women's Athletics Department in 1971–1972. The track and field team is coached by Chris Johnson, who began in 2023, and has won nine NCAA Division I championships since 2015, five in indoor track and field and three in outdoor track and field and one in cross country. The team also swept
2499-433: Is led by head coach Chris Johnson. They practice and compete on cross country course at the university's Agricultural Experiment Station north of the main campus. The course is also home to the men's cross country team. Harter is the first Arkansas coach to have his team ranked No. 1 in the nation, and has won more SEC cross country titles than any other member institution. The women's team won its first national championship at
SECTION 20
#17330850072232618-474: Is not a career or profession, paying college athletes would present issues under Title IX, which requires that institutions accepting federal funds offer equal opportunities to men and women." About one in ten college teams help to generate a large net amount of revenue for their school, but the athletes are not personally rewarded for their contribution. This money is spread through administrators, athletic directors, coaches, media outlets, and other parties. None
2737-585: Is one of the oldest programs in the Southeastern Conference , competing as a varsity sport since 1986. The softball team is coached by Courtney Deifel . They practice and play at Bogle Park , which opened during the 2008–09 season. The swimming and diving team is coached by Neil Harper. The team's facilities are the University of Arkansas Natatorium, which is located inside the HPER building (which also
2856-486: The 1965 Orange Bowl game to Texas (a team Arkansas defeated in Austin, TX 14-13), while Arkansas won the 1965 Cotton Bowl Classic against Nebraska. The FWAA and HAF both awarded their national championship designations to Arkansas, who was the only team to go undefeated through the bowl games that year. Both the University of Arkansas and the University of Alabama claimed national championships for 1964. In 1969, Broyles' team
2975-482: The 1978 Orange Bowl to finish the 1977 season 11-1 overall and ranked #3 in the final polls. After finishing the 1978 season 9-2-1 with a tie against UCLA in the 1978 Fiesta Bowl , Arkansas won a share of the Southwest Conference championship in 1979, but lost to Alabama in the 1980 Sugar Bowl to finish 10-2. Holtz's last four teams finished 7-5 in 1980, 8-4 in 1981, 9-2-1 in 1982, and 6-5 in 1983. In 1971,
3094-471: The 2003 Independence Bowl . Nutt also coached running back Darren McFadden from 2005 to 2007, who would finish his career at Arkansas as the all-time leading rusher in school history, as well as the most decorated player to ever wear a Razorback football uniform. McFadden would be 1st team All-SEC for three years in a row, 1st team All-American in 2006 and 2007, and he would win the Doak Walker Award as
3213-870: The College World Series compiling a 2–0 record in Omaha before falling in consecutive games to two times defending national champion South Carolina in the championship of Bracket Two. South Carolina was defeated in the National Championship Series by Arizona. The Razorbacks most recently also reached the 2018 College World Series where they finished runner-up to Oregon State , joining previous appearances in Omaha in 1979 (finished runner-up); 1985 ; 1987 , 1989 , 2004 , 2009 , and 2015 . The team plays home games at Baum Stadium , located just south of campus, and which finished several major renovations in 2004 and 2009. Many Razorbacks players have gone on to
3332-616: The Inter-Collegiate Sailing Association , National Collegiate Boxing Association , USA Rugby , American College Cricket , National Collegiate Roller Hockey Association and Intercollegiate Rowing Association . Additionally, the first tier is characterized by selective participation since only the elite programs in their sport are able to participate; some colleges offer athletic scholarships to intercollegiate sports competitors. The second tier includes all intramural and recreational sports clubs, which are available to
3451-590: The Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans , Louisiana , on Tuesday, January 1. Part of the 1979–80 bowl game season, it matched the undefeated and second-ranked Alabama Crimson Tide of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and the #6 Arkansas Razorbacks of the Southwest Conference (SWC). Favored Alabama won 24–9, and gained their third national championship of the decade. Alabama entered
3570-621: The NCAA Tournament. His basketball teams challenged for the SEC and national championships regularly during the 1990s, making three trips to the Final Four (1990, 1994, 1995) and two to the championship game while compiling a record of 389–169 (.697) in his 17 years as the head basketball coach. On December 10, 1997, Houston Nutt (1998-2007) was hired as head football coach for the Razorbacks to replace Danny Ford , who had been head coach since 1993, and
3689-655: The NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship in Terre Haute, Indiana , in November 2019. The win completed a calendar-year sweep after the university's indoor and outdoor track and field teams won their respective championships. The golf team is headed by coach Shauna Estes-Taylor. The team practices both at Blessings course, which is located a few minutes from the University of Arkansas campus in Johnson, Arkansas , and also at
Arkansas Razorbacks - Misplaced Pages Continue
3808-617: The University of Texas-El Paso (UTEP) are the only teams to have ever won the National Triple Crown. The track and field Razorbacks men completely dominated the sport during the 1990s, winning 24 of the 30 available titles. Now under the direction of coaches Chris Bucknam, Doug Case, and Travis Geopfert who headed field events before his departure in June 2024 to be the track and field/cross country director at Kansas State in Manhattan, Kansas,
3927-541: The majors , perhaps the most successful is Cliff Lee , the 2008 AL Cy Young Award Winner, with the most recent being Dallas Keuchel of the Houston Astros . The basketball team plays its home games in Bud Walton Arena on the University of Arkansas campus. One of the top 10 NCAA programs of all time, the Razorbacks were ushered into the modern era on the shoulders of Coach Eddie Sutton (800 game-winner). Under
4046-406: The "Basketball Palace of Mid-America". The building is located on the University of Arkansas campus. The women's basketball team completed its 39th season in 2014–15, and has made 21 postseason appearances (from AIAW through the current NCAA era). The Razorbacks' made their first NCAA Women's Final Four appearance in 1998, with the help of team leader Christy Smith . The cross country track team
4165-509: The 1920s–1950s there was still not much regulation of sports and the NCAA created the Committee on Infractions to replace the Sanity Code in 1951. This committee was created to give some structure to the recruitment process. The NCAA also wanted to improve competition between schools, so it began dividing schools into divisions by competitive ability in 1956, placing the most competitive programs in
4284-424: The 1977–78 academic year). McDonnell's men's teams have won 40 NCAA championships since 1984, including 11 cross country, 19 indoor track and 10 outdoor track along with 37 Southwest Conference championships, and 38 of 40 SEC titles. The Razorbacks, under his direction, won five NCAA National Triple Crowns, achieved by winning NCAA titles in cross country, indoor and outdoor track in the same school year. Arkansas and
4403-400: The 1980s and 90s college athletics grew along with the revenue because of the game being shown on television. As of the 2017–18 school year, nearly 500,000 students participated in college athletics. There are large amounts of money gained from Division I athletics, but only a small number of schools benefits from their programs. During 2014 the NCAA earned $ 989 million in revenue, with
4522-415: The 1998 season was his first full season. Highly sought after as a Little Rock Central quarterback, Nutt had been the last recruit to sign under Broyles, but transferred to Oklahoma State University because he did not fit Holtz's offensive plans. Nutt would guide the Hogs to 3 SEC West Division title in 1998, 2002, and 2006, plus bowl victories over Texas in the 2000 Cotton Bowl Classic and over Missouri in
4641-490: The 2019 calendar, winning the indoor, outdoor and cross country national championships. The team has indoor training and racing facilities at the Randal Tyson Track Center and outdoor facilities at John McDonnell Field . The teams are the most successful in the Southeastern Conference, winning 16 league titles including the first-ever SEC women's triple crown (a sweep of cross country, indoor and outdoor titles in
4760-440: The 2019 season, and promoted tight ends coach Barry Lunney Jr to interim head coach for the final two games. Lunney left after the season was over, and Yurachek hired Georgia offensive line coach Sam Pittman as Arkansas' new head coach. Pittman had been the Razorbacks offensive line coach under Bielema from 2013 to 2015, and had produced some of the best linemen, and offensive lines, in school history. Several former players signed
4879-481: The 21st century, the high, rising income paid to some colleges by the media for transmitting games to their television audiences, has led some people to complain that the athletes should share in the colleges income. There are arguments in favor of paying athletes. A few schools benefit from owning their own networks. The University of Texas owns The Longhorn Network and Brigham Young University owns BYUtv. Paying college athletes would present several legal issues for
Arkansas Razorbacks - Misplaced Pages Continue
4998-528: The Arkansas Cycling webpage College athletics in the United States College athletics in the United States or college sports in the United States refers primarily to sports and athletic training and competition organized and funded by institutions of tertiary education (universities and colleges) in a two-tiered system. The first tier includes the sports that are sanctioned by one of
5117-588: The College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) took place on November 6, 1869, at College Field (now the site of the College Avenue Gymnasium at Rutgers University) in New Brunswick, New Jersey. In addition to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), there are other collegiate multi-sport athletic organizations, some of which also have hundreds of member schools. These include: There are
5236-494: The Cotton Bowl Classic twice. Hatfield's teams established excellent regular-season records, but had difficulty winning bowl games, finishing 1-5 in bowls under Hatfield. In 1990, Broyles announced that the Razorbacks would leave the Southwest Conference and join the Southeastern Conference beginning in the 1991-92 school year (the football team would play the 1991 season in the SWC while all other sports would compete in
5355-528: The Donald W. Reynolds Stadium. Arkansas rugby is led by head coach Warren Fyfe. Arkansas has consistently been one of the best teams in the Heart of America conference, winning the conference title in the 2009–10 and 2010–11 school years, and finishing second in 2011–12. Arkansas defeated Kansas 28–12 to reach the finals of the 2012 Heart of America 7s tournament, where they lost to Lindenwood. The Razorback hockey program
5474-660: The Fred W. and Mary B. Smith Razorback Golf Training Facility—which is also located at Blessings course—which features both indoor and outdoor practice areas. The men's golf team utilizes both areas as well. The gymnastics team is referred to as the GymBacks. They are head coached by former US Olympian Jordyn Wieber . They practice in the Bev Lewis Center for Women's Athletics and compete in Barnhill Arena , both of which are located on
5593-462: The Gym'Backs first All-Americans. Stout reached the first-team status on vault while Magee became a two-time second-team member on vault and uneven bars. The team is also the only team in the entire NCAA to have a coaching staff composed entirely of olympians. The soccer team is head coached by Colby Hale, and practice/play on Arkansas Field which is an exclusively soccer field on campus . Arkansas soccer
5712-472: The NCAA and its member institutions. If paid, the athletes would lose their amateur status and become university employees. As employees, these athletes would be entitled the National Labor Relations Act to form or join labor organizations and collectively bargain . Advocacy groups for college players could certify as a union given the revenue involved in college athletics." Collegiate sports
5831-513: The NCAA for accepting free tattoos and selling memorabilia they had earned. However, there are many that argue that student athletes selling of personal and earned memorabilia is their right, with gray-areas where which the NCAA has a hard time justifying their punishments. After a number of efforts to go to trial against the NCAA's incoming revenue, a court date has been set. Former UCLA Bruin Ed O'Bannon along with Oscar Robertson and Bill Russell lead
5950-562: The NCAA tournament, despite the low number of graduates. Paying these athletes would give some incentive to stay and finish college. In 2013, Steve Spurrier , the head football coach of the South Carolina Gamecocks , said that all 28 men's football and basketball coaches in South Carolina's conference, the SEC, favored paying athletes up to $ 300 per game for football players and a little less for basketball players. It would cost
6069-448: The NCAA, argued that the players should be able to unionize and bargain collectively. The court ruled in the players favor. The court's decision only applied to those football players at Northwestern on a scholarship. Required football practice and playing had reduced the time students could use to pursue their studies. Former player Kain Colter argued that athletic departments should decrease
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#17330850072236188-514: The NFL to lead the Hogs. After a losing record in his first season, and finishing 8-5 in 2009 after winning the 2010 Liberty Bowl , Petrino led the team to a BCS game in 2010, but lost to Ohio State in the 2011 Sugar Bowl to finish the season 10-3. In 2011 his team would finish 11-2 and ranked #5 in the final polls after beating Kansas State in the 2012 Cotton Bowl Classic , thanks to a heavy passing attack. On April 1, 2012, Petrino drove his motorcycle into
6307-503: The Razorbacks even after the University of Arkansas misplaced his 1991 PGA Championship trophy that he loaned to them. The men's golf team has won three conference championships: 1958 Southwest Conference and 1995 and 2019 Southeastern Conference . R. H. Sikes won the NCAA Championship in 1963 and the team place second in 2009 . The Razorback women's basketball team plays home games in Bud Walton Arena , often referred to as
6426-650: The Razorbacks were the only team to go through the regular season and a bowl game undefeated, and they were awarded the Football Writers Association of America National Championship. The 1969 team, led by quarterback Bill Montgomery , challenged the Texas Longhorns for a national championship in the Game of the Century . The track and field team was under the direction of John McDonnell for over 25 years (since
6545-410: The SEC about $ 280,000 per year. Jalen Rose has a similar view to Spurrier's, as he believes that student athletes should be given a stipend of $ 2500 per semester. The College Athletes Players Association (CAPA) focuses on the idea of giving compensation to football and basketball players. The CACA has not decided if this will affect sports that do not make money for schools. The NCAA has rejected
6664-548: The SEC), setting off a major realignment in college football . Now with twelve teams, the SEC broke up into two separate divisions with Arkansas in the West with Alabama, Auburn, Ole Miss, Mississippi State, and LSU. In 1995, the Arkansas Razorbacks won its first SEC Western Division Title in football, but lost to East Division champion Florida in the SEC Championship Game. In 1994, Nolan Richardson 's basketball Razorbacks won
6783-772: The SECHC. Eventually, the teams would merge back into one, play at the Division II level, and move to the MACHA when the SECHC left ACHA for a rival sanctioning body. In 2021, the Ice Hogs reached the ACHA Division II national final but lost to Hope College . Home games are played at the Jones Center Rink in nearby Springdale and attract large crowds, reflecting the growth in popularity of hockey in Northwest Arkansas. The club's biggest rival
6902-485: The U.S. took place on November 6, 1869, in New Brunswick, New Jersey , when clubs from Princeton and Rutgers played under rules modified from those of association football. The first intercollegiate rugby game took place on May 15, 1874, at Cambridge, Massachusetts , when Harvard played against McGill University. The first intercollegiate football game between teams from Rutgers College (now Rutgers University) and
7021-733: The United States is measured by the large number of universities that participate in more than 24 different NCAA sports. This allows more than 460,000 student-athletes, both male and female, to participate in those NCAA sports. Even in the late 1980s, the average Division I program employed over 75 coaches, trainers, and administrative staff as full-time faculty to support their athletic programs. NCAA Division I, II and NAIA schools offer scholarships to well over 200,000 athletes. Every year these D-I, D-II, NAIA schools spend over $ 4 billion in athletic-scholarships. American college sports are popular worldwide with over 20,000 international athletes participating in college athletics. Another reason for
7140-746: The University Division and all others in the College Division. In 1973, the University Division was renamed Division I , and the College Division was split in two on the basis of scholarship policies. College Division schools that wished to continue offering athletic scholarships, or compete in all sports against such schools, were placed in Division II or in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics . Schools that chose not to award athletic scholarships were placed in Division III . Throughout
7259-637: The University of Arkansas campus. The Gym'Backs have five NCAA Regional appearances (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008), advanced two individuals (Dana McQuillin and Casey Jo Magee ) to the NCAA Championship and hosted the 2006 NCAA South Central Regional. At the 2006 Regionals, the Gym'Backs placed second in a six-team field, qualifying them for the NCAA National Championships for the first time. They repeated this feat in 2008. Also in 2008, team members Michelle Stout and Casey Jo Magee , became
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#17330850072237378-424: The athletes an incentive to stay in school and complete their degree programs, rather than leave early for the professional leagues. They would be much less tempted to earn money by taking illegal payments and shaving points. By not paying their athletes, colleges avoid paying workmen's-compensation benefits to the "hundreds" of college athletes incapacitated by injuries each year. Furthermore, if an athlete receives
7497-560: The athletic scholarship and transfer rules, prohibitions against agents, limits on due process, failure to deliver on the promise to educate, the unobstructed selling of athlete images, and the like are tools of exploitation that benefit college sport leaders while oppressing those who perform on the field. Because of their demanding schedules, most athletes have no time to make any additional money, making it difficult to help support needy family members. In 2010 ESPN published an article about Ohio State football players that had been sanctioned by
7616-488: The collegiate sports governing bodies. The major sanctioning organizations include the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) and the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA). Individual sports not governed by umbrella organizations like the NCAA, NAIA, and NJCAA are overseen by their own organizations, such as
7735-405: The cost of attendance. This would scrap the injunction found by U.S. District Court Judge Claudia Wilken that division one football and basketball players could receive up to five thousand dollars a year for playing. The Supreme Court would deny to hear the case on appeal, effectively stopping O'Bannon's fight. In a 2014 court case brought by a few Northwestern University football players against
7854-400: The definition of student-athletes a "employees". Several college athletes have been accused of financial improprieties, including Reggie Bush , Cam Newton , and Johnny Manziel . A USA Today article takes issue with the critics because the terms had been drawn up by the colleges: For college athletes to be held to the terms and conditions of a one-year scholarship that have been set by
7973-434: The different measures of excellence for academics and athletics necessitates compromise by those who are placed in both settings." This policy, attempted by a large number of colleges, works for only a few. College administrators have the challenge of balancing university values while maximizing the revenue generated by their athletic department. To maintain financial sustainability, several athletic directors have stated that
8092-684: The distribution of college athletes by sex since its passing in 1972. The law states that: No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance ... In 1975, the final clause of Title IX was signed into law and included provisions prohibiting sex discrimination in athletics. The regulations pertaining to athletics require that an institution which sponsors interscholastic, intercollegiate, club or intramural athletics shall provide "equal athletic opportunity" for members of both sexes. Since
8211-410: The distribution of free allocations to athletics. Furthermore, this movement today focuses on the role of intercollegiate sports in the United States rather than the contributions of the student athlete. Academic curriculum and requirements affect student athletes: "When academic and athletic departments have conflicting aims, problems arise that affect the entire institution. American society values
8330-443: The economy of athletic program operations to ensure fair play and equality throughout all college athletic programs and associations." The first organized college sports club was formed in 1843 when Yale University created a boat club. Harvard University then followed in their footsteps, creating a similar boat club a year later. These boat clubs participated in rowing races called Regattas. The creation of these organizations set
8449-419: The elimination of men's nonrevenue programs is the only way to balance their athletic budgets. Men's nonrevenue sport teams will likely be facing declining financial support in future generations. " Division I institutions are required to have seven athletic teams for men and seven for women (or six for men and eighth for women). As well, there must be two team sports for each gender, and each gender must have
8568-514: The elitism of academics and athletics in a manner that provokes conflict for participants in both domains. At various colleges, it is believed that academic elitism can be constructed on athletic elitism: Athletic teams aspire to be national champions, while their affiliate academic institutions seek national rankings. However, the means by which coaches and faculty achieve national reputations can create conflict for student athletes attempting to exist in both environments. Although both aspire to excel,
8687-538: The end of the first quarter. In the second quarter, Alan McElroy kicked a 25-yard field goal for the Crimson Tide, and they held a 17–3 advantage at halftime. In the third quarter, Kevin Scanlon of Arkansas threw a 3-yard touchdown pass to Robert Farrell and the score tightened to 17–9. In the fourth quarter, Steve Whitman scored on a 12-yard run as Alabama won by a 24–9 margin. Ogilvie was named Sugar Bowl MVP. He rushed for
8806-418: The equity between male and female student athletes. Females, regardless of whether an administrator, coach, or athlete, thought there to be less equity than males when it comes to these five factors: program support, financial support, sports offerings, scheduling, and changes in the past two to three years. In regards to the concept of "pay-for-play," (see section below, "Debate over paying athletes") Title IX
8925-535: The first official intercollegiate baseball league was formed. The first intercollegiate cricket match took place in 1860 between Franklin & Marshall College and Millersville State Normal School . Track and field also grew in popularity during this time, and the first intercollegiate track and field event occurred in 1873. This competition featured a two-mile race between athletes from Amherst College, Cornell University , and McGill University of Montreal , Quebec, Canada. The first intercollegiate soccer match in
9044-492: The game undefeated, and had won two national championships already in the decade, in 1973 and 1978 . Three of their conference victories in 1979 were by close margins, including a 3–0 win at LSU . Led by head coach Lou Holtz , the Razorbacks entered the game at 10–1, sharing the SWC title with 1979 Houston Cougars and the Texas Longhorns. Greg Kolenda was an All-American offensive tackle and quarterback Kevin Scanlon
9163-479: The game. In the second half, Arkansas missed a field goal attempt, and then turned the ball over inside the Texas 5 yard line on another possession. After Broyles left coaching to focus on his other job as Athletic Director, he hired Lou Holtz to take over his former position. Holtz served as the head football coach from 1977 through the 1983 season. Under Holtz, the Razorbacks continued their success, beating Oklahoma in
9282-439: The importance of college athletics in the U.S. is the important role it plays in the hierarchy of sport organizations. In his article about collegiate sports programs, Thomas Rosandich refers to a "performance pyramid", which shows the general progression of athletic organizations in the United States. At the bottom of this pyramid is youth sports organizations, since these organizations have participation open to nearly everyone. As
9401-406: The increase in student debt and limited academic budgets. As of 2016 only 23 out of 228 Division I programs earned enough money to make up for their extreme spending. Due to donations, 16 of the 23 schools were able to cover their expenses, so truly only 7 of the 228 universities broke even due to their athletic programs. For the other 203 schools that did not break even, they are partially funded by
9520-459: The last couple of games in 2016, and then stumbled to a losing record in 2017. AD Jeff Long had already been let go by the school prior to the end of the 2017 season, and interim AD Julie Cromer fired Bielema after the final game. Cromer then hired SMU head coach Chad Morris (2018-2019) as the new head coach after the 2017 season. Cromer would then leave Arkansas to become the AD at Ohio University in
9639-429: The law was passed in 1972 fewer than 30,000 girls participated in college sports; as of 2011 more than 200,000 girls participated in college sports. Title IX has been both credited with and blamed for a lot of things that have happened in college athletics since 1972. Studies on the gender equity of sports found on college campuses have provided an examination of how Title IX is perceived. Questions have been raised over
9758-440: The lawsuit . The trial is scheduled to begin during the summer of 2014. Although the NCAA claims that their athletes have amateur status , the organization has made billions of dollars off of merchandise licenses . The NCAA has earned billions from broadcast revenues annually. By selling the image of their players, the NCAA is able to make money from each sport. O'Bannon has stated that some of this revenue should be spread out among
9877-467: The leadership of Nolan Richardson , the Razorbacks won the NCAA tournament in 1994 defeating Duke University , and appeared in the championship game the following year, but were beaten by UCLA . The Razorbacks have been to NCAA Final Four in 1941 , 1945 , 1978 , 1990 , 1994 and 1995 , though the first two were achieved before the NCAA gathered the final four teams in one site. The current head coach for
9996-422: The maximum number of hours a player must participate in a sport to remain part of the team and retain a scholarship. As it stands, 50 hours a week is the maximum. On June 21, 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the NCAA cannot bar relatively modest payments to student athletes. 1980 Sugar Bowl The 1980 Sugar Bowl was the 46th edition of the college football bowl game , played at
10115-424: The men's basketball team is John Calipari . Calipari replaced former head coach Eric Musselman who lead Arkansas to two Elite Eights and a Sweet Sixteen appearance. On March 26, 2007, Stan Heath was fired as the head coach of the men's basketball team. John Pelphrey ultimately replaced Heath and made the 2008 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament , but did not make any subsequent postseason appearances and
10234-428: The men's track and field team still dominates the NCAA. They have won multiple SEC triple crowns along with two NCAA national championships since taking over in 2008. The Razorbacks golf teams are based at The Blessings golf course in Fayetteville . From the back tees of the course, the rating is 79.1 and its slope is 153, making it one of the most difficult golf courses in the U.S. John Daly remains an avid fan of
10353-571: The nation's best RB in 2006 and 2007, and the Walter Camp Award in 2007 as the nation's most outstanding player. McFadden would also finish as runner-up for the Heisman Trophy in 2006 and 2007. Soon after Houston Dale Nutt's departure, two significant things happened. First, AD Broyles retired, and he was replaced by new AD Jeff Long (2008-2017). Second, Long then hired Atlanta Falcons head coach Bobby Petrino (2008-2011), who abruptly departed
10472-427: The nation. In 1909, the football team finished a 7–0 season, allowing only 18 points on defense and scoring 186 points on offense. College Football Hall of Fame coach Hugo Bezdek proclaimed his team played "like a wild band of razorback hogs ". The name proved so popular that it was changed for the 1910 season. The tradition of calling the hogs , "Woo, Pig! Sooie" was added in the 1920s. In 1957, Frank Broyles
10591-512: The new head coach in the 2019-2020 season. Following a 20 win first year, Musselman coached his next two teams to the NCAA's Elite Eight in the 2021 and 2022 tournaments. Both teams finished ranked in the AP Top 20 and the UPI Top 10. On December 4, 2012, the school named former University of Wisconsin coach Bret Bielema (2013-2017) as head coach for the 2013 season. Coach Bielema rebuilt the team around
10710-458: The new men's basketball head coach. Anderson's tenure was an up-and-down roller coaster, featuring highs such as a last second victory over Kentucky in 2015, plus NCAA tournament teams in 2015, 2017, and 2018. But Anderson ultimately failed to take the Razorbacks back to national prominence on a consistent basis, and he was let go by new AD Hunter Yurachek after the 2018-2019 season. Yurachek then hired Nevada coach Eric Musselman to take over as
10829-519: The only major sports team in the U.S. with a porcine nickname, though the Texas A&;M–Kingsville Javelinas play in Division II . The University of Arkansas currently fields 19 total varsity teams (eight men's and 11 women's) in 13 sports, and competes at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I ( Football Bowl Subdivision in football) level as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). After classes were first held at
10948-562: The passing of Title IX, many NCAA institutions have had problems with the compliance of these regulations. To successfully comply with Title IX requirements, NCAA institutions must meet one of the requirements in the "three prong test" as follows: OCR (Office of Civil Rights) is one of the governing bodies that attempts to ensure that title IX is enforced. They have the power to pull federal funding from schools or organizations that are found to be noncompliant with title IX, although this power has never been exercised. The OCR will usually work with
11067-408: The percentage of same-sex coaching had plunged to 58 percent. Although the actual number of female coaches increased between 1979 and 1986, the percentage of female coaches continued to decline over that same period. The all-time low of 47 percent of women coaching female sports was achieved in 1990. In addition, although men have broken into coaching female athletes, female coaches have not experienced
11186-508: The players who help bring in this cash to the NCAA. ESPN analyst Jay Bilas showed how a person could search the NCAA website by player name and have the resulting school jersey appear. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit would find that Ed O'Bannon was right in his thesis that the NCAA is taking advantage of a players image. Though the court found this ruling, all that would come of it would be that schools would only have to cover
11305-485: The previous season in a big way, going 9-4 overall after beating Penn State in the 2022 Outback Bowl on New Year's Day, and finish ranked in the final AP Top 25 at #21. Pittman would be named the 2021 AFCA Region 2 Coach of the Year. The baseball team, led by former Razorback Dave Van Horn , has reached the postseason NCAA tournament every year except one (2016) since he began coaching the team in 2003. In 2012, they reached
11424-416: The pyramid progresses, the level of competition increases, while the number of competitors decreases until the highest level of organized sport, professional sports, is reached. In many respects, the intercollegiate sports level serves as a feeder system to the professional level, as the elite college athletes are chosen to compete at the next level. This system differs greatly from nearly all other countries in
11543-497: The same opportunities to coach male athletes. In 1972, 99 percent of collegiate men's teams were coached by men, and the same is true today. Since the turn of the 21st century, a debate has arisen over whether college athletes should be paid. Although the earliest of star athletes were known to have received a variety of types of compensation (including endorsement fees), benefits to college athletes outside of academic scholarships have largely been prohibited under NCAA governance. In
11662-541: The same season). His program produced numerous NCAA champions and most recently Athens Olympics medalists Veronica Campbell (two gold medals and a bronze for Jamaica in sprints) and Deena (Drossin) Kastor . Kastor is one of America's premier distance runners, earning a marathon bronze medal in Athens and holding numerous distance and marathon records. The volleyball team has been coached by Jason Watson since 2016. They practice and play in Barnhill Arena . Robert Pulliza
11781-552: The school or organization that is noncompliant to set up a schedule or plan to follow to become compliant. Research concerning Title IX institutional compliance and gender equity issues has found that: The Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) was founded in 1971, evolving out of the Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics for Women founded in 1967. In its peak, the AIAW had almost 1,000 member schools. The National Junior College Athletic Association established
11900-527: The school's first loss to a Sunbelt team in the program's 100-year history as Louisiana Monroe pulled the upset in Little Rock. In only his second game, he had managed the second-largest drop from the AP ranking narrowly missing the #1 spot held by Michigan after losing the season opener to Appalachian State just five years before. In 2011, Long hired former Nolan Richardson assistant coach Mike Anderson (2011-2019) as
12019-418: The sporting process, made athletic procedures and regulations for universities and also played an important role in determining which sporting events would and would not happen on universities. Today, the kind of involvement on the part of the athlete is virtually unheard of, with the only remnants of student participation in athlete administration being programs in which student governments have some control over
12138-404: The stage for the first intercollegiate sporting event in the U.S. This event took place in 1852, when the rowing team from Yale competed against the rowing team from Harvard at Lake Winnipesaukee , New Hampshire . This marked the beginning of intercollegiate competition and followed by the creation of numerous college athletic organizations. This historic race sparked the venerable rivalry between
12257-606: The state or student fees. Most of the money that is being spent is used to pay the coaching staff, for the games, and the top-of-the-line facilities. The amount spent on an athlete is seven times more than the average amount spent per student. At big Division I programs, the amount of money that is spent on a football player exceeds $ 90,000. Title IX (of the Education Amendments of 1972 ) — which requires gender equity for boys and girls in every educational program that receives federal funding – has specifically made an impact on
12376-399: The summer of 2019 after she was replaced by current Athletics Director Hunter Yurachek in early 2018. Morris' tenure as the head coach of the football team is considered one of the worst in school history. Over one full season, and a shortened second season, Morris never won an SEC game, and both of his teams would finish with abysmal records of 2-10. Yurachek fired Morris with two games left in
12495-453: The top athletes. The average university sponsors at least twenty different sports and offers a wide variety of intramural sports as well. In 2002, in total, about 400,000 men and women student athletes participated in sanctioned athletics each year. The largest collegiate sanctioning organization is the NCAA, and the sport that most schools participate in is basketball, with 2,197 men's and women's basketball teams at all levels. A close second
12614-612: The two schools, and the Yale-Harvard Regatta is considered the cornerstone of intercollegiate athletic competition in the United States. In the late 2010s, bat and ball games had started to become highly known and the sport of baseball was starting to become an establishment at U.S. universities. The first intercollegiate baseball game took place in 1859 between Amherst College and Williams College . The popularity of collegiate baseball increased from this point, and by 1870, college teams were playing extensive schedules. In 1879,
12733-658: The university in the South Central Collegiate Cycling Conference (SCCCC), competing against teams from Texas, Oklahoma and Louisiana. Arkansas Cycling competes in most disciplines of cycling, especially Road and Mountain at the local, state, regional and national levels. For the past three years, the club has sent multiple riders to the Collegiate National Championships, which in 2017 will be hosted in Grand Junction, CO. Cycling as
12852-481: The university with apparel for all athletic programs, sometimes including cheerleading squads and dance teams, which compete outside the NCAA structure. The contract deal made college history when the University of Michigan and Nike made a 11-year contract deal for almost $ 200 million. Many athletic programs do not make enough money to cover the cost to maintain those programs, so they use student fees to fund their programs. This could cause some problems because of
12971-412: The university, a contest was held on campus to select school colors. Cardinal (a shade of deep red) was selected over heliotrope , a shade of moderate purple. The first Arkansas football team was formed that same year and was known as the "Arkansas Cardinals" . Arkansas merchandise sold at the highest levels in school history during the 2012–13 academic year when royalties through CLC ranked 10th best in
13090-483: The very authorities who financially benefit the most and render the athletes involved voiceless in the process is a glaring conflict of interest. In an article by usa today they state "Players in the NCAA's top-tier Division I bowl subdivision say they devote more than 43 hours a week to the sport during the season, and those in a couple of other sports — baseball and men's basketball — approach that commitment, an NCAA study shows." (Wieberg, USA Today ) ... The conditions of
13209-464: The women's athletic department was formed. On January 1, 2008, the men's and women's athletic departments merged along with a new athletic director. The basketball team rose to prominence in the 1970s now under the coaching of Eddie Sutton and with future NBA star Sidney Moncrief along with Marvin Delph and Ron Brewer , three similarly sized Arkansas-bred guards, known as "The Triplets" . The team made
13328-543: The world, which generally have government-funded sports organizations that serve as a feeder system for professional competition. Before 1910 sports were not strictly regulated which caused a number of injuries to the athletes and in some severe cases death. President Roosevelt took action and formed the Intercollegiate Athletic Association (IAA) which is now known as the NCAA. The NCAA was put into place to create rules for intercollegiate sports. During
13447-541: Was fired after the 2010–11 season. Pelphrey compiled a 69–59 overall record and 25–39 SEC conference record while at Arkansas. Mike Anderson was announced as the new men's Basketball head coach on March 23, 2011. The football team plays its home games either at Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium , located on the University of Arkansas campus in Fayetteville, or at War Memorial Stadium , located in Little Rock . In 1964 ,
13566-608: Was founded in 2007 as a club team playing in the ACHA 's Division III. Playing their first full season in 2008–09, the Hogs posted a 6–6–0 record in the SECHC : since then, the team has yet to record a losing season, with five SECHC titles in their history. This success allowed the first team to move up to ACHA Division I in 2015–16, playing in the WCHL : a second team was added by the club that remains in DIII and
13685-593: Was hired as the head football coach and served in that position for 19 years (1957-1976). Broyles' team was awarded the 1964 National Championship by the Football Writers Association of America and the Helms Athletic Foundation. At the time, the AP Poll and UPI Coaches Poll both awarded their championships before bowl games, and they gave their awards to an undefeated Alabama. However, Alabama lost
13804-521: Was ranked #2 and played the #1-ranked Texas Longhorns, coached by Darrell Royal , in Fayetteville. The game, known as "The Big Shootout" is perhaps the most notable football game in Razorback history. President Richard Nixon was even in attendance. The Razorbacks led 14–0 until the 4th quarter when Texas scored 15 unanswered points and won the game 15-14. Nixon gave Texas the UPI national championship trophy after
13923-670: Was the Southwest Conference Player of the Year. The Hogs' defense gave up 9.8 points per game on the year, the sixth-best scoring defense in Division I. The game kicked off shortly after 1 p.m. CST , televised by ABC , at the same time as the Cotton Bowl on CBS . Arkansas scored first in the first quarter, on a 34-yard Ish Ordonez field goal, to give the Razorbacks a 3–0 advantage. Alabama running back Major Ogilvie scored on touchdown runs of 22 and 1 yard and Alabama led 14–3 at
14042-435: Was the most valuable in college sports in the early 2010s, was estimated by Forbes to be worth over $ 133 million in 2013, totaling over $ 1 billion in the previous 10 years. At that time Texas made, on average, $ 93 million a year just from the football program. The two schools that followed Texas, Georgia and Penn State, each made around $ 70 million a year. Another prominent football program, Notre Dame, has
14161-457: Was the previous coach, from 2008 to 2015. Before Pulliza took over for Chris Poole in 2008, Poole's teams had won 11 SEC Western Division from their inaugural season in 1994. Founded in 1971, the University of Arkansas Rugby Club is the longest-tenured sports club on campus. Arkansas plays college rugby in the Division 1 Heart of America conference, a conference composed mostly of Big 12 and SEC teams. The team plays at Walker Park, just south of
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