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48-524: The eldest daughter of John Saunders, a London actor, Saunders was attracted to the stage at an early age, becoming popular on account of her beautiful singing voice. On 17 October 1857 she married, at Marylebone, Sir William Don, a widowed baronet of little means but outstanding personality. He was a professional actor, and they often appeared together at the Theatre Royal, Newcastle , notably in Kenilworth ,

96-590: A burlesque of Scott's novel , in which she played Leicester and Sir William played Queen Elizabeth, to great effect, accentuated no doubt by his extraordinary height of 6 feet 7 inches (2.0 m). They proceeded to Australia aboard Blue Jacket , arriving in Melbourne on 16 December 1860, and opened at the Theatre Royal on 21 January 1861 as Josephine in The Daughter of the Regiment (billed as The Child of

144-466: A territorial sub-designation ; however, only more recent creations duplicating the original creation require territorial designations . So, for example, there are baronetcies Moore of Colchester, Moore of Hancox, Moore of Kyleburn, and Moore of Moore Lodge. Baronetcies usually descend through heirs male of the body of the grantee , and can rarely be inherited by females or collateral kins , unless created with special remainder , for example: Marking

192-468: A Saltire Azure with an inescutcheon of the Royal Arms of Scotland . From before 1929 to the present it has been customary practice for such baronets to display this badge on its own suspended by the order's ribbon below the shield of arms. The first publication listing all baronetcies ever created was C. J. Parry's Index of Baronetcy Creations (1967). This listed them in alphabetical order, other than

240-409: A daughter, Harriette Grace Mary Don, who married John Satterfield Sandars . Baronet A baronet ( / ˈ b æ r ə n ɪ t / or / ˈ b æ r ə ˌ n ɛ t / ; abbreviated Bart or Bt ) or the female equivalent, a baronetess ( / ˈ b æ r ə n ɪ t ɪ s / , / ˈ b æ r ə n ɪ t ɛ s / , or / ˌ b æ r ə ˈ n ɛ t ɛ s / ; abbreviation Btss ),

288-657: A day for the upkeep of thirty soldiers for three years (1095 days), thus amounting to £1,095 (equivalent to £277,955 in 2023). , in those days a very large sum. The money was to help fund the Plantation of Ulster . In 1619 James I established the Baronetage of Ireland ; Charles I in 1625 created the Baronetages of Scotland and Nova Scotia . The new baronets were each required to pay 2,000 marks (equivalent to £522,045 in 2023). or to support six colonial settlers for two years. Over

336-862: A gross decline of 19.2% (up to 2017). Extant baronetcies numbered about 1,236 in 2015, and 1,204 as of 2017. Since 1965 only one new baronetcy has been created, for Sir Denis Thatcher on 7 December 1990, husband of a former British prime minister, Margaret Thatcher (later Baroness Thatcher); their only son, Sir Mark Thatcher , succeeded as 2nd Baronet upon his father's death in 2003. Seven baronetcies dormant in 1965 have since been revived: Innes baronetcy, of Coxton (1686), Nicolson baronetcy of that Ilk and of Lasswade (1629), Hope baronetcy, of Kirkliston (1698), St John ( later St John-Mildmay) baronetcy, of Farley (1772), Maxwell-Macdonald baronetcy of Pollok (1682), Inglis baronetcy, of Cramond, Edinburgh (1687) and Von Friesendorff baronetcy, of Hirdech, Sweden (1661). The Premier Baronet (of England)

384-654: A hundred of these baronetcies, now familiarly known as Scottish baronetcies, survive to this day. As a result of the Union of England and Scotland in 1707, all future creations were styled baronets of Great Britain . Following the Union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801, new creations were styled as baronets of the United Kingdom . Under royal warrants of 1612 and 1613, certain privileges were accorded to baronets. Firstly, no person or persons should have place between baronets and

432-399: A most enthusiastic member. His admiration of his art was intense, and his success as an actor appeared to afford him more unalloyed satisfaction than his patrician descent, or his relationship to earls and duchesses. On no subject was his conversation more animated, and to nothing did his ambition point more steadfastly than to acquire distinction on the stage. Possessing a fine sense of humour,

480-564: A pleasant hour of enjoyment, and she will always be associated with some of our most agreeable memories of the Melbourne stage. . . When Sir William Don married her, it was regarded by his friends as a fatal mesalliance, but it turned out for him an excellent investment, looking at it only from a financial point of view, for although he was himself a very good actor, his profitable engagements were rendered much more certain in association with his wife. The theatrical profession has lost in Sir William

528-431: A quick perception of the ludicrous sides of life and character, a remarkable talent for mimicry, a strong nerve, a ready wit, and great self-possession, he was thus gifted with many qualifications essential to a good actor, and without arriving at any remarkable eminence as a comedian he was always amusing and frequently invested a character with quaint and fantastic attributes of his own devising. At some early date they had

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576-533: Is recognised by being placed on the Official Roll. With some exceptions granted with special remainder by letters patent, baronetcies descend through the male line. A full list of extant baronets appears in Burke's Peerage and Baronetage , which also published a record of extinct baronetcies. A baronetcy is not a peerage; so baronets, like knights and junior members of peerage families, are commoners and not peers of

624-434: Is referred to and addressed as, for example, "Sir Joseph" (using his forename). The correct style on an envelope for a baronet who has no other titles is "Sir Joseph Bloggs, Bt." or "Sir Joseph Bloggs, Bart." A formal letter would commence with the salutation "Dear Sir Joseph". The wife of a baronet is addressed and referred to by her married surname, as "Lady Bloggs"; the salutation would be "Dear Lady Bloggs". Her given name

672-586: Is the holder of a baronetcy , a hereditary title awarded by the British Crown . The title of baronet is mentioned as early as the 14th century ; however, in its current usage it was created by James I of England in 1611 as a means of raising funds for the crown. Baronets rank below barons , but seemingly above all knights grand cross , knights commander and knights bachelor of the British chivalric orders , that are in turn below in chivalric precedence than

720-586: Is the unofficial title afforded to the current holder of the oldest extant baronetcy in the realm. The Premier Baronet is regarded as the senior member of the Baronetage, and ranks above other baronets (unless they hold a peerage title ) in the United Kingdom Order of Precedence . Sir Nicholas Bacon, 14th Baronet , is the current Premier Baronet; his family's senior title was created by King James I in 1611. The Premier Baronets of Nova Scotia (Scotland) were

768-540: Is used only when necessary to distinguish between two holders of the same title. For example, if a baronet has died and the title has passed to his son, the widow (the new baronet's mother) will remain "Lady Bloggs" while he (the son) is not married, but if he is or becomes married, his wife becomes "Lady Bloggs" while his mother will be known by the style "Alice, Lady Bloggs". Alternatively, the mother may prefer to be known as "The Dowager Lady Bloggs". A previous wife will also become "Alice, Lady Bloggs" to distinguish her from

816-547: The 4th Viscount Sarsfield in 1691. Since then the descendants of Sir Francis Annesley Bt. , the Annesley baronets , have been the Premier Baronets of Ireland; presently Francis William Dighton Annesley, 16th Viscount Valentia . John Satterfield Sandars John Satterfield Sandars , CVO, PC (15 January 1853 – 29 March 1934) was a British barrister who served as Private Secretary to Arthur Balfour , Prime Minister of

864-575: The Gordon baronets of Gordonstoun and Letterfourie until the title's extinction in 1908. Subsequently, the Premier Scottish Baronets are the Innes baronets of that Ilk (cr. 28 May 1625), the present Premier Baronet being Charles Innes-Ker, 11th Duke of Roxburghe . The Premier Baronetcy of Ireland was created for Sir Dominic Sarsfield in 1619, and was held by his successors until the attainder of

912-512: The Lincolnshire on 26 May 1862. One of her last acts was to have her husband's coffin exhumed and despatched to London by the Harrowby , which left Hobart on 1 May 1862. In England Lady Don and her daughter lived with Sir William's family but had no income and was unable by circumstances to appear on stage, so was anxious to return to Australia where she was certain of making a living. She left in

960-482: The Royal Arms of Scotland , with an Imperial Crown above the escutcheon, and encircled with the motto Fax Mentis Honestae Gloria . This badge may be shown suspended by the ribbon below the escutcheon. Baronets of England and Ireland applied to King Charles I for permission to wear a badge. Although a badge was worn in the 17th century, it was not until 1929 that King George V granted permission for all baronets (other than those of Scotland) to wear badges. A baronet

1008-443: The Baronetage  – 146 of England, 63 of Ireland, 119 of Scotland, 133 of Great Britain and 853 of the United Kingdom. The total number of baronetcies today is approximately 1,204, although only some 1,020 are on The Official Roll of the Baronetage . It is unknown whether some baronetcies remain extant and it may be that nobody can prove himself to be the actual heir. Over 200 baronetcies are now held by peers; and others, such as

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1056-494: The English Crown, have all disappeared and should properly be excluded from the 3,482, making the effective number of creations 3,457. A close examination of Parry's publication shows he missed one or two, so there might well have been some more. As of 2000, including baronetcies where succession was dormant or unproven, there was a total of 1,314 baronetcies divided into five classes of creation included on The Official Roll of

1104-466: The Gaiety Theatre, Edinburgh, but was not in good health, and finished her working life on the music hall stage. She died on 29 September 1875 from "rapid consumption". She was a thoroughly conscientious actress, and neglected no means of making her characters representative. As a ballad-singer, in a certain line, she had no rival. She entered with all her soul into the spirit of what she had to do. She

1152-589: The Knox line, have been made tenuous by internal family disputes. According to the Ministry of Justice , it is not necessary to prove succession to a baronetcy in order to use the title, but a person cannot be referred to as a baronet in any official capacity unless their name is on the Official Roll . There were 1,490 baronetcies extant on 1 January 1965. Since then the number has reduced by 286 through extinction or dormancy:

1200-460: The Regiment but lost her voice owing, she said, to a cold. Her efforts were, however, greeted by sympathetic cheers. She was from June 1870 lessee of the Theatre Royal, Nottingham , with Clarence Holt as her stage manager, but had to quit after eight months due to declining health and having lost a great deal of money. A meeting of her creditors in 1871 determined she had debts of some £1200–1300 and no assets apart from her wardrobe. She helped open

1248-558: The Regiment ). The operetta was well received, and she was applauded by audience and critics alike, while her husband's eccentric performance in the accompanying farce was greeted enthusiastically. On Burns Night they played Guy Mannering to a crowded house, with Lady Don as Julia Mannering and Sir William as Dandie Dinmont. They left Melbourne at the end of March 1861, playing Sydney April–June, with Geelong, Ballarat and Bendigo and other gold rush towns in July–October. They returned to

1296-669: The Theatre Royal, Melbourne for a second season November 1861 – January 1862. On 24 February they opened at the Theatre Royal, Hobart , and it was at Webb's Hotel, Murray Street in that town that Sir William Don died on 19 March 1862 at age 37. He had been suffering lung problems but died of an aortic aneurysm and was buried privately at St David's cemetery in Davey Street. Lady Don fulfilled her immediate obligations but refused offers of further engagements, though they would have been highly lucrative, and left with her daughter for England by

1344-544: The UK Peerage and Baronetage consist of about 1,200 families (some peers are also baronets), which is roughly less than 0.01% of UK families. The term baronet has medieval origins. Sir Thomas de La More (1322), describing the Battle of Boroughbridge , mentioned that baronets took part, along with barons and knights. Edward III created eight baronets in 1328. The title of baronet was initially conferred upon noblemen who lost

1392-516: The United Kingdom. He was informally known as 'Jack' Sandars to those close to him. John Sandars was the only son of Charles Sandars, an estate and colliery agent of Mackworth , Derbyshire . Educated at the local Repton School , he went on to read Law at Magdalen College, Oxford in 1871. Sandars was called to the Bar by Lincoln's Inn in 1877, practising on the Midland Circuit until 1885, when he

1440-533: The badge (Red Hand of Ulster) in their coats of arms either in canton or an escutcheon at their election". Since 1929 such baronets may also display the Red Hand of Ulster on its own as a badge, suspended by a ribbon below the shield of arms. Baronets of Nova Scotia, unlike other baronets, do not use the Baronet's Badge (of Ulster), but have their own badge showing the escutcheon of the arms of Nova Scotia : Argent,

1488-460: The baronetage's origins in the Plantation of Ulster , baronets of England, Ireland, Great Britain or the United Kingdom ( i.e. all except baronets of Nova Scotia ) can display the Red Hand of Ulster ( sinister (left) hand version) as a heraldic badge , being the arms of the ancient kings of Ulster . This badge (or augmentation of honour) is blazoned as follows: Argent a Hand sinister couped at

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1536-539: The current wife of the incumbent baronet. She would not be "Lady Alice Bloggs", a style reserved for the daughters of dukes, marquesses and earls (and now Ladies Companion of the Garter and Ladies of the Thistle without higher styles). The children of a baronet are not entitled to the use of any courtesy titles . In history, there have been only four baronetesses: In 1976, Lord Lyon King of Arms stated that, without examining

1584-455: The first half of the 19th century if the title holder was also a Knight Grand Cross of a Crown order. Baronets of Scotland or Nova Scotia were allowed to augment their armorial bearings with the Arms of Nova Scotia and the privilege of wearing a neck badge signifying "of Nova Scotia", suspended by an orange-tawny ribbon. This consists of an escutcheon argent with a saltire azure, an inescutcheon of

1632-435: The husband's (marital) surname only, this by longstanding courtesy. Wives of baronets are not baronetesses; only women holding baronetcies in their own right are so styled. Unlike knighthoods – which apply to the recipient only – a baronetcy is hereditarily entailed. The eldest son of a baronet who is born in wedlock succeeds to a baronetcy upon his father's death, but will not be officially recognised until his name

1680-576: The last five creations ( Dodds of West Chiltington , Redmayne of Rushcliffe , Pearson of Gressingham , Finlay of Epping and Thatcher of Scotney ). It showed the total number created from 1611 to 1964 to have been 3,482. They include five of Oliver Cromwell , several of which were recreated by Charles II . Twenty-five were created between 1688 and 1784 by James II in exile after his dethronement, by his son James Stuart ("The Old Pretender") and his grandson Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") . These "Jacobite baronetcies" were never accepted by

1728-411: The lowest of the nobiles majores , because their honour, like that of the higher nobility, is both hereditary and created by patent. Comparisons with continental titles and ranks are tenuous due to the British system of primogeniture and because claims to baronetcies must be proven; currently the Official Roll of the Baronetage is overseen by the Ministry of Justice . In practice this means that

1776-538: The most senior British chivalric orders of the Garter and the Thistle . Like all British knights, they are addressed as "Sir" (or "Dame" in the case of baronetesses). They are conventionally seen to belong to the lesser nobility, even though William Thoms claims that: The precise quality of this dignity is not yet fully determined, some holding it to be the head of the nobiles minores , while others, again, rank Baronets as

1824-476: The patent of every Scottish baronetcy, he was not in a position to confirm that only these four title creations could pass through female lines. As of 2020 , there are no living baronetesses. For a baronetess one should write, for example, "Dame Daisy Smith, Btss" on the envelope. At the head of the letter, one would write "Dear Dame Daisy", and to refer to her, one would say "Dame Daisy" or "Dame Daisy Smith" (never "Dame Smith"). All baronetcies are created with

1872-457: The privilege of depicting the Arms of Nova Scotia as an augmentation of honour. The former applies to this day for all baronets of Great Britain and of the United Kingdom created subsequently. Like knights, baronets are accorded the style " Sir " before their first name. Baronetesses in their own right use " Dame ", also before their first name, while wives of baronets use " Lady " followed by

1920-472: The realm . Originally, all first baronets were knighted. Baronets also had other rights, including the right to have the eldest son knighted on his 21st birthday. However, at the beginning of George IV 's reign, these rights were eroded by orders-in-council on the ground that sovereigns should not necessarily be bound by acts of their predecessors. Although never having been automatically entitled to heraldic supporters , baronets were allowed them in heredity in

1968-400: The right of individual summons to Parliament , and was used in this sense in a statute of Richard II . A similar title of lower rank was banneret . Present-day baronets date from 1611 when James I granted letters patent to 200 gentlemen of good birth with an income of at least £1,000 a year (equivalent to £253,840 in 2023). ; in return for the honour, each was required to pay one pound

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2016-640: The same bill as the Howson Family Troupe , but a dispute arose, details as yet not found, and Frank Howson, sen. (1818–1869) vowed he would never share a stage with her again. Her last American engagement was at the Howard Athenaeum , Boston, in March 1868. She returned to Great Britain, where her first engagement was with the Tyne Theatre , Newcastle on 13 April 1868, playing Josephine in The Daughter of

2064-528: The ship Suffolk , which arrived in Melbourne on 25 May 1864. Her first appearance was on 6 August 1864, at the Haymarket , which reopened under a new lessee, Hoskins. She opened the season by again playing Josephine in The Child of the Regiment to tremendous applause. Seemingly having forgotten his previous antipathy, Howson's troupe supplied support. She went on to play Sydney January–March 1865, from which time she

2112-508: The wrist extended in pale Gules . King James I of England established the hereditary Order of Baronets in England on 22 May 1611, in the words of Collins' Peerage (1741): "for the plantation and protection of the whole Kingdom of Ireland, but more especially for the defence and security of the Province of Ulster, and therefore for their distinction those of this order and their descendants may bear

2160-466: The younger sons of peers. Secondly, the right of knighthood was established for the eldest sons of baronets (this was later revoked by George IV in 1827), and thirdly, baronets were allowed to augment their armorial bearings with the Arms of Ulster on an inescutcheon : "in a field Argent, a Hand Geules (or a bloudy hand)". These privileges were extended to baronets of Ireland, and for baronets of Scotland

2208-448: Was an elegant, dashing, handsome woman, who could not be other than popular, and when she again left Australia, everybody hoped she would soon return again. For some time in England, her career was a tolerably prosperous one. She never had any position in London, but in the provinces she held her own very well. . . We remember her as the bright piquant comedienne to whom we are indebted for many

2256-567: Was appointed as private secretary to Henry Matthews , the Home Secretary . In the 1892 general election , he unsuccessfully contested the parliamentary seat of Mid-Derbyshire . Three years later, in 1895, he became the private secretary to Arthur Balfour, then Leader of the House of Commons and First Lord of the Treasury . He remained with Balfour until 1911, when the latter resigned as the leader of

2304-566: Was managed by Henry D. Wilton, and her performances were supported by the Howson Family Troupe : Frank, Emma and Clelia. She played Brisbane March–April, Tasmania April–May, Adelaide June–August and Melbourne September–November. They played Sydney December 1865–January 1866, then across the Tasman Sea to New Zealand February–May 1866. She arrived in California in July 1866, and toured America, at first on

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