17-605: Labana (also spelled Lubana , Lavana , Lubhana ; lit. ' salt trader ' ) is a merchant and transportation community in India engaged in maritime trade and land trade, which includes trading and transportation of goods such as saltpetre , silk , diamonds , etc. In the Punjab region, during socio-economic reforms, Labanas overwhelmingly became agriculturists. The Labanas of Punjab and Haryana are mostly Sikhs and Hindus and mainly speak Punjabi or Hindi. The term "Lubana"
34-721: A lexicography on words occurring in Sikh historical texts as well as in the Guru Granth Sahib because it would promote literacy and critical studies in Punjabi. On May 12, 1912 he resigned his position in Nabha State and began work on the project. His original patron, Maharaja Brijindar Singh of Faridkot State , who had earlier sponsored scholarly work on the Guru Granth Sahib died in 1918. His other patron, Maharaja Ripudaman Singh
51-868: A groundbreaking work in terms of its impact and its level of scholarship. Mahan Kosh has 64,263 entries arranged in the alphabetical order of the Gurmukhi script covering religious and historical terms in the Sikh canon . Each entry records the etymology and different meanings of a term "according to its usage at different places in different works" alongside textual quotations. When words of Perso-Arabic or Sanskrit origin appear they are reproduced in their original scripts to inform readers of their correct pronunciation and connotation. While studying two existing titles, Pandit Tara Singh Narotam 's Granth Guru Girarth Kos (1895) and Hazara Singh 's Sri Guru Granth Kos (1899), Kahn Singh realized there would be great value in
68-601: A salt-carrying and salt-trading community in Punjab. Over time, they transitioned from their merchant work and shifted towards agriculture as their primary profession, becoming a landholding community since the times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh . Some Labanas claim that they are Gaur Brahmins who migrated to Punjab during the reign of Aurangzeb. The Labanas perform religious events with their own rituals. The Lavana are an endogamous community. They have eleven exogamous clans mentioned below: All these clans have equal status. The community
85-480: Is believed to be a combination of two words - "lūn," meaning "salt," and "bānā," meaning "trade." The Lubanas, as a community, were deeply involved in the transportation and trading of salt. They were also occasionally referred to as Banjaras. The history of the Lavana/Labana community traces back to their association with the salt trade and transportation, which influenced their name and occupation. The term 'Lubana'
102-618: Is believed to have derived from the Sanskrit word 'Lavan,' meaning salt. This connection is evident in the various historical references and cultural practices of the tribe. According to Kahn Singh Nabha in Mahan Kosh , the term 'Lubana' is linked to the Sanskrit word 'Lavan,' signifying salt. Members of the Lubana tribe engaged in salt trading, suggesting that their name is closely related to their traditional business activities. The connection between
119-557: Is linked to the Sanskrit word 'Lavan,' signifying salt. Members of the Lubana tribe engaged in salt trading, suggesting that their name is closely related to their traditional business activities. The connection between the Lubana tribe and salt-carrying is further supported by the work of Crooke. In his book Tribes and Castes of the North-Western India, Volume I, which was reprinted by Cosmo Publications in Delhi in 1974, he mentions that
136-414: Is traditionally associated with saltpetre trading, but many are now farmers, agricultural and traders. Lavana Labana (also spelled Lubana , Lavana , Lubhana ; lit. ' salt trader ' ) is a merchant and transportation community in India engaged in maritime trade and land trade, which includes trading and transportation of goods such as saltpetre , silk , diamonds , etc. In
153-483: The Punjab region, during socio-economic reforms, Labanas overwhelmingly became agriculturists. The Labanas of Punjab and Haryana are mostly Sikhs and Hindus and mainly speak Punjabi or Hindi. The term "Lubana" is believed to be a combination of two words - "lūn," meaning "salt," and "bānā," meaning "trade." The Lubanas, as a community, were deeply involved in the transportation and trading of salt. They were also occasionally referred to as Banjaras. The history of
170-517: The English title Encyclopædia of the Sikh Literature , is a Punjabi language encyclopedia and dictionary which was compiled by Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha over fourteen years. It was the first Punjabi encyclopedia, it contains more than 70,000 words, some of them has sufficient reference from Guru Granth Sahib , Dasam Granth , Gur Pratap Suraj Granth and from other Sikh books. It is considered
187-406: The Lavana/Labana community traces back to their association with the salt trade and transportation, which influenced their name and occupation. The term 'Lubana' is believed to have derived from the Sanskrit word 'Lavan,' meaning salt. This connection is evident in the various historical references and cultural practices of the tribe. According to Kahn Singh Nabha in Mahan Kosh , the term 'Lubana'
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#1732876719879204-408: The Lubana tribe and salt-carrying is further supported by the work of Crooke. In his book Tribes and Castes of the North-Western India, Volume I, which was reprinted by Cosmo Publications in Delhi in 1974, he mentions that the Lubana tribe of Banjaras derived their name from their business of transporting salt. Additionally, Gurcharan Singh highlights the popularity of a game called 'lun - Miani' among
221-551: The Lubana tribe of Banjaras derived their name from their business of transporting salt. Additionally, Gurcharan Singh highlights the popularity of a game called 'lun - Miani' among the Lubanas until 1947 AD. This game likely originated from their historical association with salt-carrying as it reflects their occupation in its name and nature. Over the centuries, the Lubana community has evolved and diversified, engaging in various other professions and adapting to changing times. However,
238-437: The Lubanas until 1947 AD. This game likely originated from their historical association with salt-carrying as it reflects their occupation in its name and nature. Over the centuries, the Lubana community has evolved and diversified, engaging in various other professions and adapting to changing times. However, the historical connection to the salt trade remains an essential aspect of their identity and heritage. The Labanas were
255-445: The historical connection to the salt trade remains an essential aspect of their identity and heritage. The Labanas were a salt-carrying and salt-trading community in Punjab. Over time, they transitioned from their merchant work and shifted towards agriculture as their primary profession, becoming a landholding community since the times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh . Some Labanas claim that they are Gaur Brahmins who migrated to Punjab during
272-501: The reign of Aurangzeb. The Labanas perform religious events with their own rituals. The Lavana are an endogamous community. They have eleven exogamous clans mentioned below: All these clans have equal status. The community is traditionally associated with saltpetre trading, but many are now farmers, agricultural and traders. Mahan Kosh Guru Shabad Ratnakar Mahan Kosh (Punjabi: ਗੁਰਸ਼ਬਦ ਰਤਨਾਕਰ ਮਹਾਨ ਕੋਸ਼), known by its more popular name of Mahan Kosh (ਮਹਾਨ ਕੋਸ਼) and by
289-619: Was forced to abdicate his throne in 1923. Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala State then offered to underwrite the entire expense of printing. Kahn Singh finished the work on February 6, 1926 and printing began on October 26, 1927 at the Sudarshan Press in Amritsar , owned by the poet Dhani Ram Chatrik . The first printing, in four volumes, was finished on April 13, 1930. The Languages Department of Punjab , Patiala then published Mahan Kosh in one volume and it has gone through three editions,
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