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30-440: Attractions include a Haitian flea market , beaches , watersports , a water-oriented playground, an alpine coaster , and the largest zip-line over water. The location is named after Marquis de La Badie , a Frenchman who first settled the area in the 17th century. The peninsula and a village were named Labadie. The cruise company spells the name "Labadee" to make it easier for American English -speakers to pronounce. Labadee

60-979: A calque ( / k æ l k / ) or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal word-for-word or root-for-root translation . When used as a verb , “to calque” means to borrow a word or phrase from another language while translating its components, so as to create a new lexeme in the target language. For instance, the English word skyscraper has been calqued in dozens of other languages, combining words for "sky" and "scrape" in each language, as for example Wolkenkratzer in German, arranha-céu in Portuguese, grattacielo in Italian, gökdelen in Turkish, and matenrou(摩天楼) in Japanese. Calquing

90-603: A diminutive or, in Chinese , adding the word " cursor " ( 标 ), making shǔbiāo "mouse cursor" ( simplified Chinese : 鼠标 ; traditional Chinese : 鼠標 ; pinyin : shǔbiāo ). Another example is the Spanish word ratón that means both the animal and the computer mouse. The common English phrase " flea market " is a loan translation of the French marché aux puces ("market with fleas"). At least 22 other languages calque

120-726: A practice known as interpretatio germanica : the Latin "Day of Mercury ", Mercurii dies (later mercredi in modern French ), was borrowed into Late Proto-Germanic as the "Day of Wōđanaz " ( Wodanesdag ), which became Wōdnesdæg in Old English , then "Wednesday" in Modern English. Since at least 1894, according to the Trésor de la langue française informatisé , the French term calque has been used in its linguistic sense, namely in

150-567: A publication by Louis Duvau: Un autre phénomène d'hybridation est la création dans une langue d'un mot nouveau, dérivé ou composé à l'aide d'éléments existant déja dans cette langue, et ne se distinguant en rien par l'aspect extérieur des mots plus anciens, mais qui, en fait, n'est que le calque d'un mot existant dans la langue maternelle de celui qui s'essaye à un parler nouveau. [...] nous voulons rappeler seulement deux ou trois exemples de ces calques d'expressions, parmi les plus certains et les plus frappants. Another phenomenon of hybridization

180-415: A similar phrase might have arisen in both languages independently. This is less likely to be the case when the grammar of the proposed calque is quite different from that of the borrowing language, or when the calque contains less obvious imagery. One system classifies calques into five groups. This terminology is not universal: Some linguists refer to a phonological calque , in which the pronunciation of

210-456: A word is imitated in the other language. For example, the English word "radar" becomes the similar-sounding Chinese word 雷达 ( pinyin : léidá ), which literally means "to arrive (as fast) as thunder". Partial calques, or loan blends, translate some parts of a compound but not others. For example, the name of the Irish digital television service Saorview is a partial calque of that of

240-585: Is a 260-acre private resort that was leased to Royal Caribbean Cruises in 1986. In the 1990s, it was variously reported that many cruise ship guests who disembarked at the location were unaware that they were in Haiti - at least in part because the cruise company seemed to have a policy of referring only to Hispaniola, not that they were in Haiti, until The area's separation from the rest of Haiti has also been criticized as presenting an "island fantasy" excluding Haitians and their culture with little benefit in return, despite

270-538: Is a general agreement that the term 'Flea Market' is a literal translation of the French marché aux puces , an outdoor bazaar in Paris, France, named after those pesky little parasites of the order Siphonaptera (or "wingless bloodsucker") that infested the upholstery of old furniture brought out for sale. The second story appeared in the book Flea Markets , published in Europe by Chartwell Books, reading in its introduction: In

300-425: Is distinct from phono-semantic matching : while calquing includes semantic translation, it does not consist of phonetic matching—i.e., of retaining the approximate sound of the borrowed word by matching it with a similar-sounding pre-existing word or morpheme in the target language. Proving that a word is a calque sometimes requires more documentation than does an untranslated loanword because, in some cases,

330-521: Is distinguished from street vending in that the market alone, and not any other public attraction, brings in buyers. There are a variety of vendors: some part-time who consider their work at flea markets a hobby due to their possession of an alternative job; full-time vendors who dedicate all their time to their stalls and collection of merchandise and rely solely on the profits made at the market. Vendors require skill in following retro and vintage trends, as well as selecting merchandise which connects with

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360-470: Is normally used. In German, there are many words in use but the most common word is "Flohmarkt", meaning literally "flea market". The same applies to Dutch "vlooienmarkt", Swedish "loppmarknad" and Finnish "kirpputori". In the predominantly Cuban/Hispanic areas of South Florida, they are called [el] pulguero ("[the] flea store") from pulga , the Spanish word for fleas. In the Southern part of Andalusia, due to

390-485: Is often seasonal. However, in recent years there has been the development of 'formal' and 'casual' markets which divides a fixed-style market (formal) with long-term leases and a seasonal-style market with short-term leases. Consistently, there tends to be an emphasis on sustainable consumption whereby items such as used goods , collectibles , antiques and vintage clothing can be purchased, in an effort to combat climate change and fast fashion . Flea market vending

420-444: Is the creation in a language of a new word, derived or composed with the help of elements already existing in that language, and which is not distinguished in any way by the external aspect of the older words, but which, in fact, is only the copy ( calque ) of a word existing in the mother tongue of the one who tries out a new language. [...] we want to recall only two or three examples of these copies ( calques ) of expressions, among

450-446: Is the equivalent of a bazaar , a permanent, indoor shopping center open during normal retail hours, with fixed booths or storefronts for the vendors. Different English-speaking countries use various names for flea markets. In Australian English , they are also called 'trash and treasure markets', while the term 'swap meet' is used for a market held primarily to sell car- and motorcycle parts and automobilia . In Philippine English ,

480-689: The Fly Market in 18th-century New York City, located at Maiden Lane near the East River in Manhattan , began the association. The land on which the market took place was originally a salt marsh with a brook , and by the early 1800s the Fly Market was the city's principal market. A second hypothesis maintains that flea market is a common English calque from the French marché aux puces , which literally translates to "market with fleas", labelled as such because

510-516: The French expression directly or indirectly through another language. The word loanword is a calque of the German noun Lehnwort . In contrast, the term calque is a loanword, from the French noun calque ("tracing, imitation, close copy"). Another example of a common morpheme-by-morpheme loan-translation is of the English word " skyscraper ", a kenning -like term which may be calqued using

540-651: The Haitian government blocked the port. Royal Caribbean's Freedom of the Seas cancelled their port stop on January 19 as a result. On March 14, 2024, Royal Caribbean suspended cruise calls to Labadee due to widespread gang violence and political upheaval in Haiti. The company resumed port calls in October. Flea market A flea market (or swap meet ) is a type of street market that provides space for vendors to sell previously owned (second-hand) goods . This type of market

570-473: The UK service " Freeview ", translating the first half of the word from English to Irish but leaving the second half unchanged. Other examples include " liverwurst " (< German Leberwurst ) and " apple strudel " (< German Apfelstrudel ). The " computer mouse " was named in English for its resemblance to the animal . Many other languages use their word for "mouse" for the "computer mouse", sometimes using

600-540: The culture and identity of their customers. In the United States, the National Association of Flea Markets was established in 1998, which provides various resources for sellers, suppliers and buyers and also provides a means for suppliers and sellers to communicate and form affiliations. While the concept has existed for millennia, the origins of the term flea market are disputed. According to one hypothesis,

630-435: The facilities, including upgrading port facilities to allow the docking of their largest cruise ships. In January 2010, just after the 2010 Haiti earthquake , Royal Caribbean announced its intention to continue cruise stopovers at the port and use cruise ships to ferry relief supplies and personnel. In addition, it would donate US$ 1 million to fund relief efforts in Haiti. In January 2016, Haitians in boats protesting against

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660-465: The influence of Gibraltar English, they are known as "piojito", which means "little louse". In Chile they can be called persas or mercados persa ("persian market") and ferias libres , if mostly selling fruit and vegetables. In Argentina they are most likely called "feria artesanal" (artisan's or street fair) or "feria americana" (American fair), the latter name is due to have taken the idea from their United States counterpart. In Moroccan Darija ,

690-403: The items sold were previously owned and worn, likely containing fleas. The first reference to this term appeared in two conflicting stories about a location in Paris in the 1860s which was known as the " marché aux puces" . The traditional and most-publicized story is in the article "What Is a Flea Market?" by Albert LaFarge in the 1998 winter edition of Today's Flea Market magazine: There

720-406: The north of Paris, just outside the former fort, in front of the gate Porte de Clignancourt . The first stalls were erected in about 1860. The gathering together of all these exiles from the slums of Paris was soon given the name " marché aux puces ", meaning "flea market", later translation. In the United States, an outdoor swap meet is the equivalent of a flea market. However, an indoor swap meet

750-666: The term for "flea market" is جوطية juṭiyya , which either derives from French jeter or jetable (throwable), or is an older term derived from جوقة juqa meaning "gathering of people". An ancient village on the bank of Sebou River by the name جوطة "Juta" may have been a big medieval market. In the Philippines "Tiangges" or bazaar shopping is famous in spacious markets like Divisoria , Greenhills , and Baclaran . It features rows of stalls with displays for sale of variety items like clothes, accessories, gadgets at incredibly low prices. Calque In linguistics ,

780-518: The time of the Emperor Napoleon III , the imperial architect Haussmann made plans for the broad, straight boulevards with rows of square houses in the center of Paris, along which army divisions could march with much pompous noise. The plans forced many dealers in second-hand goods to flee their old dwellings; the alleys and slums were demolished. These dislodged merchants were, however, allowed to continue selling their wares undisturbed right in

810-525: The vendors will sell goods from the boot (or 'trunk' in American English ) of their car. If the event is held indoors, such as a school or church hall, then it is usually known as either a jumble sale , or a bring and buy sale . In Quebec and France, they are often called Marché aux puces (literally "flea market"), while in French-speaking areas of Belgium , the name brocante or vide-grenier

840-444: The visitor fee that the Haitian government receives. In November 2001, a crew member from the cruise line Royal Caribbean was attacked on Labadee in an apparent robbery. The assailants were arrested by Haitian police . In February 2004, during the 2004 Haitian coup d'état , Royal Caribbean temporarily suspended use of the stop due to the political unrest in the country. In 2009, Royal Caribbean made US$ 55 million in improvements to

870-483: The word for "sky" or "cloud" and the word, variously, for "scrape", "scratch", "pierce", "sweep", "kiss", etc. At least 54 languages have their own versions of the English word. Some Germanic and Slavic languages derived their words for "translation" from words meaning "carrying across" or "bringing across", calquing from the Latin translātiō or trādūcō . The Latin weekday names came to be associated by ancient Germanic speakers with their own gods following

900-519: The word is tianggê from the word tianguis via Mexican Spanish coming from Nahuatl . Despite common misconception, it is not derived from Hokkien . The word supplants the indigenous term talipapâ . In India, it is known as gurjari or shrukawadi bazaar or even as juna bazaar in Pune . In the United Kingdom, they are known as car boot sales if the event takes place in a field or car park, as

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