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77-998: La Peña may refer to: Places [ edit ] La Peña, Bilbao , borough of the city of Bilbao , Spain La Peña, Cundinamarca , village in the Cundinamarca department of Colombia La Peña, Salamanca , village in the Salamanca province of Spain La Peña, Panama People with the surname, La Peña, La Pena or LaPena [ edit ] Alcira de la Peña (1910–1998), Argentine physician and political leader Carlota Garrido de la Peña (1870–1958), Argentine journalist, writer and teacher Félix de la Peña , governor of Córdoba Province, Argentina Frank LaPena (1937–2019), Nomtipom- Wintu American Indian painter , printmaker , ethnographer , professor , ceremonial dancer, poet, and writer. Horacio de la Peña (born 1966), Argentine tennis coach and

154-635: A municipal charter dated in Valladolid on 15 June 1300 and confirmed by King Ferdinand IV of Castile in Burgos , on 4 January 1301. Diego López established the new town on the right bank of the Nervión river , on the grounds of the elizate of Begoña and granted it the fuero of Logroño , a compilation of rights and privileges that would prove fundamental to its later development. In 1310 María Díaz I de Haro , niece of Diego López V and Lady of Biscay, grants

231-523: A former tennis player Juan Manuel de la Peña Bonifaz (died 1669), Spanish politician, ad interim governor and captain-general of the Philippines in 1668-1669 Manuel la Peña (fl. 1808–1811), Spanish military officer who served during the Peninsular War Manuel de la Peña y Peña (1789–1850), Mexican politician and lawyer, short lived interim president of Mexico in 1847 and president during

308-482: A hundred bombs on the city. In May 1937, the Nationalist army besieged the town. The battle lasted until 19 June of that year, when Lieutenant Colonel Putz was ordered to destroy all bridges over the estuary, and the troops of the 5th Brigade took the borough from the mountains Malmasin, Pagasarri, and Arnotegi. With the war over, Bilbao returned to its industrial development, accompanied by steady population growth. In

385-605: A new municipal charter to the city, which extends its commercial privileges even further, transforming the city in a mandatory stop for all the trade coming from Castile towards the sea. This second charter established that the road from Orduña to Bermeo , at the time the most important trade route in the lordship, had to traverse the San Antón Bridge in Bilbao instead of the pass in Etxebarri , as it did until then. This strengthened

462-462: A peak of 433,115 inhabitants in 1982, the municipalities of the Txorierri valley were removed from Bilbao, with the corresponding loss of their population. Spanish is the most spoken language in the city, followed by the vernacular Basque language . According to the city government of Bilbao, at least 51% of the population can speak "some Basque", while 29% consider themselves to be fluent. Out of

539-799: A service economy, supported by investment in infrastructure and urban renewal , starting with the opening of the Bilbao Guggenheim Museum (the so-called Guggenheim effect ), and continuing with the Euskalduna Conference Centre and Concert Hall , Santiago Calatrava 's Zubizuri , the metro network by Norman Foster , the tram , the Iberdrola Tower and the Zorrozaurre development plan, among others. Many officially supported associations such as Bilbao Metrópoli-30 and Bilbao Ría 2000 were created to monitor these projects. Bilbao

616-522: Is Bilbao, as known in most languages of the world. Euskaltzaindia , the official regulatory institution of the Basque language , has agreed that between the two possible names existing in Basque, Bilbao and Bilbo , the historical name is Bilbo , while Bilbao is the official name. Although the term Bilbo does not appear in old documents, in the play The Merry Wives of Windsor by William Shakespeare , there

693-462: Is a reference to swords presumably made of Biscayan iron which he calls " bilboes ", suggesting that it is a word used since at least the sixteenth century. There is no consensus among historians about the origin of the name. Generally accepted accounts state that prior to the 12th century, the independent rulers of the territory, named Lords of Zubialdea, were also known as Lords of Bilbao la Vieja ("Old Bilbao"). The symbols of their patrimony are

770-459: Is also a drying trend in summer with only around 50 millimetres (2.0 in) of rainfall in July – but not dry enough to be considered Mediterranean. The proximity of the ocean also means that the two best defined seasons (summer and winter) remain mild, with low intensity thermal oscillations. Average maximum temperatures vary between 25 and 26 °C (77.0 and 78.8 °F) in the summer months, while

847-658: Is also home to football team Athletic Club , a significant symbol for Basque nationalism due to its promotion of only Basque players and being one of the most successful clubs in Spanish football history. On 19 May 2010, the city of Bilbao was recognised with the Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize , awarded by the city state of Singapore . Considered the Nobel Prize for urbanism , it was handed out on 29 June 2010. On 7 January 2013, its mayor, Iñaki Azkuna , received

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924-470: Is also the core of the comarca of Greater Bilbao . It is surrounded by the municipalities of Derio , Etxebarri , Galdakao , Loiu , Sondika , and Zamudio to the north; Arrigorriaga and Basauri to the west; Alonsotegi to the south; and Barakaldo and Erandio to the east. Bilbao is located on the Basque threshold , the range between the larger Cantabrian Mountains and the Pyrenees . The soil

1001-460: Is also the natural border between Bilbao and Barakaldo. The river has frequently suffered from human intervention, as seen in the dredging of its bottom, the building of docks on both banks and especially in the Deusto canal, an artificial waterway dug between 1950 and 1968 in the district of Deusto as a lateral canal , with the aim of facilitating navigation, sparing ships from the natural curves of

1078-617: Is located near the northern edge of the Iberian Peninsula , about 16 kilometres (10 mi) from the Bay of Biscay . It covers an area of 40.65 square kilometres (15.70 sq mi), of which 17.35 square kilometres (6.70 sq mi) are urban and the remaining 23.30 square kilometres (9.00 sq mi) consist of the surrounding mountains. The official average altitude is 19 metres (62 ft), although there are measurements between 6 metres (20 ft) and 32 metres (105 ft). It

1155-478: Is predominantly composed of mesozoic materials ( limestone , sandstone , and marl ) sedimented over a primitive paleozoic base. The relief of the province is dominated by NW-SE and WNW-ESE oriented folds. The main fold is the anticline of Bilbao which runs from the municipality of Elorrio to Galdames . Inside Bilbao there are two secondary folds, one in the northeast, composed of Mounts Artxanda , Avril, Banderas, Pikota, San Bernabé, and Cabras; and other in

1232-526: Is shaped by the Bay of Biscay low-pressure systems and mild air, moderating summer temperatures by Iberian standards, with low sunshine and high rainfall. The annual temperature range is low for its latitude. After its foundation in the late 13th century by Diego López V de Haro , head of the powerful Haro family, Bilbao was one of the commercial hubs of the Basque Country that enjoyed significant importance in

1309-486: Is sometimes also used in Spanish, generally within the Basque Country. The village is affectionately known by its inhabitants as the botxo meaning "hole", since it is surrounded by mountains. The nickname botxero is derived from this nickname. Another nickname that Bilbao receives is that of chimbos , which comes from birds that were hunted in large numbers in these places during the 19th century. The titles,

1386-492: Is the capital of the province of Biscay and as such it is home of the administrative entities that pertain to the provincial administration, both from the autonomous and central governments. Settled in the city are the provincial delegations of the different departments of the Basque autonomous government , each coordinated by a representative. In addition, the Government of Spain has the official Government Subdelegation in

1463-575: Is the fifth-largest urban area in Spain. Bilbao is also the main urban area in what is defined as the Greater Basque region . Bilbao is located in the north-central part of Spain, some 16 kilometres (10 mi) south of the Bay of Biscay , where the economic social development is located, where the estuary of Bilbao is formed. Its main urban core is surrounded by two small mountain ranges with an average elevation of 400 metres (1,300 ft). Its climate

1540-594: The Basque Statistics Office , the population of Bilbao is 342,397 people as of 2017, distributed on a land area of 40.59 km (16 sq mi), making Bilbao the largest city by population of the Basque Autonomous Community and of the Basque Country as a whole. Bilbao makes the main component of the Bilbao metropolitan area , with a population of 1,037,847 people. The first credible data on

1617-460: The Basque language was edited, entitled Doctrina Christiana en Romance y Bascuence by Dr. Betolaza. In 1602 Bilbao was made the capital of Biscay , a title previously held by Bermeo . Around 1631, the city was the scenario of a series of revolts against the increased taxation on salt, which had been ordered by the Crown, an event locally known as the " Machinada of the salt". The revolt ended with

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1694-635: The Church of Saint Anthony the Great was enshrined, having been built in the place of an old alcázar . Still today the church is one of the oldest extant buildings of the city. On 5 September 1483, the Queen Isabella I of Castile traveled to Bilbao to swear fealty to the fueros of Biscay . Her husband, Ferdinand II of Aragon had already done so in 1476 in Gernika . On 21 June 1511, Queen Joanna of Castile ordered

1771-548: The Crown of Castile . This was due to its thriving port activity based on the export of wool and iron commodities extracted from the Biscayan quarries to all over Europe . Throughout the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth, Bilbao experienced heavy industrialisation, making it the centre of the second-most industrialised region of Spain, behind Barcelona . At the same time an extraordinary population explosion prompted

1848-477: The Mount Cobetas , such as Errekalde and Basurto . Starting in the 20th century it started annexing the elizates on the right bank of the river, including Begoña and Deusto . In the decade of 1960 as an effort to stop the increasing problem of slums , new neighbourhoods were created from the ground up, among them Otxarkoaga and Txurdinaga, which were joined together as a new district, Otxarkoaga-Txurdinaga in

1925-603: The Third Carlist War ; in April 1874 the city suffered a third siege which lasted two months. Despite the warfare, Bilbao prospered during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when it rose as the economic centre of the Basque Country. It was during this time that the railway first arrived to the city and the Bank of Bilbao (which later would go on to become the BBVA ) was founded, as well as

2002-477: The 14th century and has remained with the same symbols since then, although its presentation has been adapted according to the destiny of the coat of arms. The durability of this shield is due to the representativeness of the symbols that appear. The navigable estuary and the stone bridge, prior to the founding of the town.  The wolves, typical of the coat of arms of the founder of the town in 1300, Diego López de Haro, son of Diego Lope Díaz de Haro (Lope comes from

2079-478: The 1940s, the city was rebuilt, starting with the bridges and by 1948, the first commercial flight took off from the local airport . Over the next decade, there was a revival of the iron industry, which became a strategic industrial sector in Spain, as a consequence of the economic model promoted by Francoism . The city received migrants from other Spanish regions looking to work in the iron industry. The demand for housing outstripped supply, and workers built slums on

2156-510: The 2012 World Mayor Prize awarded every two years by the British foundation The City Mayors Foundation, in recognition of the urban transformation experienced by the Biscayan capital since the 1990s. On 8 November 2017, Bilbao was chosen the Best European City 2018 at The Urbanism Awards 2018, awarded by the international organisation The Academy of Urbanism. The official name of the town

2233-560: The 20th century it was discussed in a municipal plenary session about the determination of a flag for the town. There was talk about "the use of the crimson colour of the Lordship of Biscay , or of the cross of Saint Andrew " but without reaching any resolution to the effect. Remains of an ancient settlement were found on the top of Mount Malmasín , dating from around the 3rd or 2nd century BC. Burial sites were also found on mounts Avril and Artxanda, dated 6,000 years old. Some authors identify

2310-741: The 355,731 people residing in Bilbao in 2009, only 114,220 (32.1%) were born inside the municipality. Of the remainder, 114,908 were born in other Biscayan towns, while 9,545 were born in the other two Basque provinces; 85,789 came from the rest of Spain (mainly Castile-León and Galicia ), and 33,537 were foreigners. There are 127 different nationalities registered in Bilbao, although 60 of them represent fewer than 10 people each. The largest foreign communities are Bolivians and Colombians, with 4,879 and 3,730 respectively. Other nationalities with more than 1,000 inhabitants are Romanians (2,248), Moroccans (2,058), Ecuadorians (1,832), Chinese (1,390), Brazilians (1,273) and Paraguayans, with 1,204. The city of Bilbao

2387-858: The Bilbao Stock Exchange. Steelmaking industries flourished with the creation of many new factories, including the Santa Ana de Bolueta and the Altos Hornos de Vizcaya in 1902. The city was modernised with new avenues and walkways, as well as with new modern buildings such as the City Hall building , the Basurto Hospital and the Arriaga Theatre . The population increased dramatically, from 11,000 in 1880 to 80,000 in 1900. Social movements also arose, notably Basque nationalism under Sabino Arana , which in

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2464-469: The Latin Lupus (wolf)) were added by the town council to represent the founder. Later, the fortress or castle that guarded the bridge was added and, when it was demolished in 1366, it was replaced by the temple of San Antón that was built in its place and inaugurated in 1433. The flag that represents the city is white with a red block, in a ratio of three parts long by two wide. The colours red and white are

2541-497: The Municipal Transparency Prize, awarded by the Spanish division of Transparency International . In 2009 it came second, after Sant Cugat del Vallés . The municipality is divided into eight districts (Basque: barrutia ) which are further subdivided into 34 neighbourhoods (Basque: auzoa ). Most of the districts and neighbourhoods were former independent municipalities and elizates that were eventually annexed into

2618-616: The Nervión", "of the Ibaizabal", or "of the Nervión-Ibaizabal". The estuary runs for 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) and with a low flow (with an average of 25 m (883 cu ft) per second). Its main tributary is the river Cadagua , which rises in the Mena valley and has a basin of 642 square kilometres (248 sq mi), mostly lying in the neighbouring province of Burgos . This river

2695-521: The actual metropolitan area are considered satellite cities. Within the comarca of Greater Bilbao there are 25 municipalities corresponding to the city of Bilbao and the conurbation next to it, conformed by municipalities located along the Nervión River . These 10 municipalities are located outside the comarca of Greater Bilbao but inside the wider metropolitan area. These municipalities are located both outside Greater Bilbao and outside

2772-537: The annexation of several adjacent municipalities. Nowadays, Bilbao is a vigorous service city that is experiencing an ongoing social, economic, and aesthetic revitalisation process, started by the iconic Bilbao Guggenheim Museum , and continued by infrastructure investments, such as the airport terminal , the rapid transit system , the tram line , the Azkuna Zentroa , and the currently under development Abandoibarra and Zorrozaurre renewal projects. Bilbao

2849-497: The annual total. The rainiest season is between October and April, November being the wettest. Snow is not frequent in Bilbao, although it is possible to see snow on the top of the surrounding mountains. Sleet is more frequent, about 10 days per year, mainly in the winter months. Bilbao is nearest to the subtropical boundary of all the Atlantic coastal cities in the country with an August daily mean of 20.9 °C (69.6 °F). There

2926-477: The approval of the Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country in 1979, Vitoria-Gasteiz was elected the seat of the government and therefore the de facto capital of the Basque Autonomous Community , although Bilbao was larger and more powerful economically. In the 1980s, several factors such as labour demands and the arrival of cheap labour from abroad led to a devastating industrial crisis. On 26 August 1983 during

3003-400: The average minimum in winter is between 6 and 7 °C (42.8 and 44.6 °F). Extreme record observations in Bilbao are 42.9 °C (109.2 °F) maximum (on 11 August 2024) and −8.6 °C (16.5 °F) minimum (on 3 February 1963). The maximum precipitation in a day was 225.6 mm (9 in) on 26 August 1983 when severe flooding was caused by the Nervión river. According to

3080-418: The celebration of the local festivities known as Aste Nagusia , the estuary overflowed up to five metres in some areas due to the continuous raining, killing two people and causing important destructions in the city's infrastructure, with a total economic cost that reached 60,000 million pesetas (around €360 million) Since the mid-1990s, Bilbao has been in a process of deindustrialization and transition to

3157-628: The centric Ernesto Erkoreka Plaza and by the Estuary of Bilbao . It is the fourth city hall building to have been used since the year 1300. The first three city halls were located by the San Antón Church but were destroyed due to floodings. The current building was designed by the Spanish architect Joaquín Rucoba in Baroque style and was built in the former site of the San Agustín Monastery, which

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3234-642: The city during the siege of Bilbao of 1835, but he was wounded during a battle near Begoña and died some time after in the town of Zegama . The next year, the city resisted a second siege during which the liberal general Baldomero Espartero defeated the Carlists in the Battle of Luchana . The city was untouched by the Second Carlist War , which took place mostly in Catalonia , but was again an important scenario during

3311-653: The city was under the command of Pierre Thouvenot , general of the French army and Baron of the Empire , who had become the head of the Military Government of Vizcaya , which included the three Basque provinces. Thouvenot intended to move forward with the plan of total annexation of the Basque provinces into France, but the Peninsular War and ultimately the Battle of Vitoria made those plans impossible. The Basque Country

3388-525: The city who are citizens of Spain or of any member state of the European Union . The executive branch is composed of the mayor and a board of governors. The number of members of the board cannot be more than a third the number of members of the legislative plenum and the mayor can appoint them at his or her own discretion. Since 1892 the seat of the government has been the Bilbao City Hall , located on

3465-449: The city. Bilbao is a municipality and has a mayor-council government system . The municipal government is elected for four-year terms by universal suffrage and it is divided into two branches, executive and legislative. The legislative side consists of a municipal plenum composed of 29 councillors . These councillors represent the different political parties elected in the local elections, for which can vote all residents registered in

3542-489: The city. Originally, the city of Bilbao comprised the Old Town and some houses on the left side of the estuary, today known as Bilbao la Vieja . The first expansion included the annexation of the elizate of Begoña and the river side of Uribarri . In the 19th century the merge of Abando into the city brought along small neighbourhoods of farm houses and hamlets that were clustered close to the former municipality's town hall and

3619-687: The councillors of the plenum have the following political distribution: 14 seats for the Basque Nationalist Party, 5 seats for the Socialist Party of the Basque Country, 4 seats for the EH Bildu coalition, 3 seats for Udalberri and 3 seats for the People's Party . The mayor is Juan Mari Aburto , chosen with 19 votes from the Basque Nationalist Party and the Socialist party. In 2008 and 2010, Bilbao won

3696-478: The course of 1848 Other [ edit ] La Peña Cultural Center , Chilean-American culture center in the United States La Peña Sporting , Peruvian football club Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title La Peña . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

3773-598: The creation of new neighbourhoods like Otxarkoaga and the motorway to the French border. In June 1968 the University of Bilbao, the first public university, was established. It would later be integrated into the University of the Basque Country . After the end of Francoist Spain and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy , in a process known in Spain as the transition , Bilbao was able to hold democratic elections again. This time Basque nationalists rose to power. With

3850-554: The creation of the Consulate of the Sea of Bilbao. This would become the most influential institution of the borough for centuries, and would claim jurisdiction over the estuary, improving its infrastructure. Under the Consulate's control, the port of Bilbao became one of the most important of the kingdom. The first printing-press was brought to the town in 1577. Here in 1596, the first book in

3927-540: The decade of 1990. Bilbao metropolitan area It is the fifth most populated metropolitan area in Spain Almost 80% of the population of Biscay and 43% of the population of the Basque Country is concentrated in the Greater Bilbao area or the wider metropolitan area. The metropolitan area's municipalities, are defined by the Basque Country 's Territorial Directives Other six satellite cities exist within

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4004-401: The entire fauna and flora. However, in recent years this situation is being reversed, thanks to a dumping ban and natural regeneration. now it is possible to observe algae , tonguefishes , crabs, and seabirds , as well as occasional bathers in the summer months. The estuary is also a natural border for several neighbourhoods and districts within the borough. Entering the municipality from

4081-427: The estuary. The project was stopped with 400 metres (1,300 ft) left to complete, and it was decided to leave it as a dock. However, in 2007, a plan was approved to continue the canal and form the island of Zorrozaurre . This human intervention has also brought negative results in the quality of the water, after decades of toxic waste dumping causing a situation of anoxia (lack of oxygen), which almost eliminated

4158-473: The execution of several of its leaders. The city had seen a continuous increase of its wealth, especially after the discovery of extensive iron deposits in the surrounding mountains, and by the end of the century it managed to overcome the economic crises that affected the rest of the kingdom, thanks in part to the increased trading of wool (which now used the port of Bilbao instead of the one in Santander ), and to

4235-478: The flag and the coat of arms are Bilbao's traditional symbols and belong to its historic patrimony, being used in formal acts, for the identification and decoration of specific places or for the validation of documents. Bilbao holds the historic category of township ( villa ), with the titles of "Very noble and very loyal and unbeaten" ( Muy Noble y Muy Leal e Invicta ). It was the Catholic Monarchs who awarded

4312-514: The hillsides. It was in this context that the first social movements arose and the strike of the Euskalduna shipyard in 1947 was the first one to take place during the Francoist dictatorship. In this environment of social repression, on 31 July 1959 the separatist organisation ETA was created from Basque nationalist movements. During the 1960s the city was the scenario of several urban projects, with

4389-479: The historical ones of the villa. The Royal Order of 30 July 1845 determined the maritime password for the population. This was defined as a white flag with an upper red die next to the pod. The die should be square and the length of its side should equal half of the pod. Previously, at least since 1511, the banner that the Bilbao Consulate was wearing was white with a red Cross of Burgundy . The relationship of

4466-420: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La_Peña&oldid=1171741427 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Bilbao Bilbao is a city in northern Spain ,

4543-427: The iron ore and its commerce with England and the Netherlands. The French invasion of Spain saw the occupation of several Basque cities, but Bilbao was not among them. The first open uprising against Napoleonic rule took place on 6 August 1808, a month after the Battle of Bailén . French troops sieged and sacked the city, alongside the neighbouring towns of Deusto and Begoña on 16 August. Beginning in February 1810,

4620-429: The largest city in the province of Biscay and in the Basque Country as a whole. It is also the largest city proper in northern Spain. Bilbao is the tenth largest city in Spain, with a population of more than 347,000 as of 2023. The Bilbao metropolitan area has 1,037,847 inhabitants, making it the most populous metropolitan area in northern Spain; with a population of 875,552, the comarca of Greater Bilbao

4697-424: The metropolitan area itself, but they are considered " satellite towns ". All of them, with the exception of Castro Urdiales which is located in the community of Cantabria (outside the community of the Basque Country) and Laudio which is located in Álava , are located in the province of Biscay , on different comarcas . The area is usually structured into different zones: The Bilbao Ria 2000 corporation

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4774-582: The old settlement of Bilbao as Amanun Portus , cited by Pliny the Elder , or with Flaviobriga , by Ptolemy . Ancient walls, which date from around the 11th century, have been discovered below the Church of San Antón . Bilbao was one of the first towns founded in the fourteenth century, during a period in which approximately three-quarters of the Biscayan cities were developed, among them Portugalete in 1323, Ondarroa in 1327, Lekeitio in 1335, and Mungia and Larrabetzu in 1376. Diego López V de Haro , then third Lord of Biscay , founded Bilbao through

4851-465: The other hand, according to the writer Esteban Calle Iturrino, the name derives from the two settlements that existed on both banks of the estuary, rather than from the estuary itself. The first, where the present Casco Viejo is located, would be called billa , which means stacking in Basque, after the configuration of the buildings. The second, on the left bank, where now Bilbao La Vieja is located, would be called vaho , Spanish for mist or steam. From

4928-468: The population of Bilbao are post-1550. It is known that in 1530 Biscay had approximately 65,000 inhabitants, a number that could have been reduced by plagues that struck the city in 1517, 1530, 1564–68, and 1597–1601, the last being especially devastating. This trend for periodic reverses in population growth was maintained until the nineteenth century. Since then, Bilbao has experienced an exponential growth in population thanks to industrialisation. After

5005-522: The position of Bilbao as a trading post, in detriment of Bermeo, city which until then had acted as the main port of the territory. In addition, Bilbao was granted exclusive rights to all trade between the city and Las Arenas . In 1372, John I of Castile strengthened even more the city's position by naming Bilbao a free port and granting it special privileges concerning the trade of iron. This caused Bilbao to become an important port, particularly due to its trade with Flanders and Great Britain. In 1443

5082-423: The province of Biscay and the community of Cantabria , where commute between the cities and the metropolitan area in common. The metropolitan area of Bilbao can be divided into the municipalities inside Greater Bilbao and the ones located outside. Greater Bilbao is a comarca , an administrative division of the province of Biscay and smaller than the wider metropolitan area. Plus, six municipalities outside

5159-457: The south, composed of Mounts Kobetas, Restaleku, Pagasarri and Arraiz. The highest point in the municipality is Mount Ganeta, of 689 metres (2,260 ft), followed by Mount Pagasarri, of 673 metres (2,208 ft), both on the border with Alonsotegi. The main river system of Bilbao is also the hydrological artery of Biscay. The rivers Nervión and Ibaizabal converge in Basauri and form an estuary named variously " estuary of Bilbao ", "of

5236-538: The subsequent decades would grow to become the Basque Nationalist Party . The Spanish Civil War in Bilbao started with a number of small uprisings suppressed by the Republican forces. On 31 August 1936, the city suffered its first bombing, with a series of air bombs dropped by Nationalist airplanes. In September, the Nationalists distributed pamphlets threatening further bombing if the city did not give up, which finally took place on 25 September when German planes, in coordination with Francoist forces, dropped at least

5313-538: The title "Noble Town" ( Noble Villa ) on 20 September 1475. Philip III of Spain , via a letter in 1603 awarded the town the titles of "Very noble and very loyal". After the siege of Bilbao , during the First Carlist War , on 25 December 1836, the title of "Unbeaten" was added. The coat of arms is emblazoned as follows: In a silver field a bridge with two eyes, added to the church of San Antón of its colour and to its sinister two sable wolves walking and in stick, on waves of azure and silver. It has its origins in

5390-446: The tower and church used in the shield of Bilbao to this day. One possible origin was suggested by the engineer Evaristo de Churruca . He said that it was a Basque custom to name a place after its location. For Bilbao this would be the result of the union of the Basque words for river and cove: Bil-Ibaia-Bao . The historian José Tussel Gómez argues that it is just a natural evolution of the Spanish words bello vado , beautiful ford. On

5467-411: The town with the mercantile and marine activities was always very strong coming to share headquarters. In 1603 the new consistorial house is inaugurated and in it the headquarters of the city council and of the referred one Bilbao Consulate are located. The intimate relationship made the flag of the Consulate was related as a flag of the town by citizenship. The definition of the maritime flag in 1845

5544-399: The union of these two derives the name Bilbao, which was also written as Bilvao and Biluao , as documented in its municipal charter . An -ao ending is also present in nearby Sestao and Ugao , that could be explained from Basque aho , "mouth". The demonym is bilbaíno, -a ", although the popular pronunciation bilbaino/a (sic) is also frequent. In Basque , it is bilbotar , which

5621-429: The west it separates the districts of Begoña and Ibaiondo , then Abando and Uribarri and lastly Deusto and Basurto-Zorroza . Its proximity to the Bay of Biscay gives Bilbao an oceanic climate ( Cfb ), with precipitation occurring throughout the year and without a well-defined dry summer. Precipitation is abundant, and given the latitude and atmospheric dynamics, rainy days represent 45% and cloudy days 40% of

5698-469: Was assumed by the population, who accepted it as their own, and so did the city council. At the inauguration of the Bilbao-Miranda de Ebro railway line, it was already used as a symbol of the town's representation, being permanently adopted in 1895 although no resolution has been adopted for this purpose. Although it has always been assumed by the municipal institution and citizenship, at the beginning of

5775-697: Was destroyed during the First Carlist War . Since the Spanish transition to democracy , the city has been governed by the Basque Nationalist Party , often with support of the Socialist Party of the Basque Country . Iñaki Azkuna served as mayor from 1999 until his passing in 2014, when he was replaced by Ibon Areso . Azkuna was awarded the World Mayor prize in 2012. Since the 2019 municipal election,

5852-483: Was founded in 1992 by the Bilbao and Barakaldo municipalities, the Greater Bilbao metropolitan area, and the Basque and Spanish Governments. The corporation's aim was to regenerate the city-planning of Bilbao and its surroundings, which were heavily punished by intense industrial contamination and decay. Among the projects this institution implemented was the recovery of Abandoibarra, once an industrial ground and now

5929-408: Was one of the main sites of battles during the First Carlist War , a civil war between supporters of the Spanish regent Maria Christina , known as liberals, and those of the late king's brother Carlos of Borbón , known as Carlists. The Carlists were particularly focused on capturing Bilbao, a liberal and economic bastion in northern Spain. The Carlist general Tomás de Zumalacárregui tried to take

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