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48-412: (Redirected from La Bete ) La Bête is French for "the beast" and may refer to: La Bête (card game) , an historic French card game, the first to feature bidding La Bête (film) , a 1975 French horror film by Borowczyk La Bête (play) , a 1991 comedy by David Hirson La Bête (2023 film) , a 2023 French film by Bertrand Bonello Topics referred to by

96-418: A 17th-century trick taking game of the trump family of which many varieties are recorded. It belongs to a line of card games whose members include Nap , euchre , rams , hombre , and maw ( spoil five ). It is considered a modification of the game of " all fours ", another English game possibly of Dutch origin, in which the players replenish their hands after each round by drawing each fresh new cards from

144-698: A Greek word, meaning "beloved of all" ) or "Pamphile", in French, described as "an old bawd" by the New Zealand-born English lexicographer Eric Partridge . In the North German game of Bester Bube , older rules also specify the Knave of Spades as the top trump, but by the mid-19th century, the commanding card is the trump Knave and the second highest trump is the Knave of the same colour, the Under-Knave. The game

192-579: A dialogue equating the game "Labate" (hence French Triomphe became La Bête, "The Beast", in Cotton's Complete Gamester, see also Labet ) with "Lanterluy". This was the very first mention of the game. Chatto also cites a 1777 Cumberland ballad which recounts that "at lanter the caird-lakers sat i' the loft." Lanter or lant was three-card loo. The name "Pam", denoting the ♣Kn in its full capacity as permanent top trump in five-card loo, represents an old medieval comic-erotic character called Pamphilus (Latin for

240-421: A game which differed in allowing players to drop out of a deal with a poor hand and to win the game if they were dealt a flush . The following rules are based on Le Gras (1739), except where stated. The overall aim of the game is to win counters , known as jetons , which can then be converted into money at a pre-agreed rate. Within each deal, the player who becomes the declarer aims to win three of

288-411: A game. Beginning with the eldest hand , the player to the right of the dealer, players elect whether to "play" ( je joue or je prends ) or "pass" ( je passe ). If a second player decides he has a good enough hand, he may double the game by saying contre . Otherwise the first to say "play" prevails and becomes, in effect, the declarer. Once a bid is made, it cannot be changed. Bids may not be made once

336-553: A late 18th century description is given in Covent Garden Magazine . Loo was considered a great pastime by the idle rich of that time, but it acquired a very bad reputation as a potentially vicious "tavern" gambling game during the nineteenth century. The Oxford English Dictionary quotes a 1685 reference to "Pam at Lanterloo", and William Chatto quotes a Dutch political pamphlet of about 1648 entitled Het herstelde Verkeer-bert verbetert in een Lanterluy-spel , containing

384-407: A separate pot to be played for in the next deal. If the declarer loses every trick, it is a dévole and he pays an additional jeton to each player. When a bête is paid, it is staked on the next deal unless there is already a bête on that deal, in which case it is put to one side until the following deal and so on. If a contre has been announced; the contre player wins or loses double, but

432-459: A trick, or when two play, and one takes two chips and the other only one. The dealer being last in hand has always the advantage of knowing how many are to play before he decides. It likewise sometimes happen, when a large sum is in the pool, that none of the players consider it safe to stand, in which case the dealer takes the whole pool. This variation, also known as Loo the Board , forces those who lose

480-430: Is a new deal. The next best hand to the above is a trump-flush (five cards of a trump suit) and this sweeps the pool, if there be not a pam flush; and there is also a new deal. The next best hand is that of a flush of other suits, which sweeps the pool; and there is also a new deal. When any of these flushes occur, each person, excepting those who hold inferior flushes or pam, is looed, and has to pay five counters into

528-519: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages La B%C3%AAte (card game) During the 17th century, the Ombre concept of bidding was incorporated into Triomphe resulting in the game initially called l'Homme ("Man") and, later, la Beste or la Bête (German Labet , Dutch LaBate , English Beast ). La Bête, or just Bête or Beast in English, later gave rise to

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576-417: Is named after the bête , a term that referred to the penalty for failing to take the required number of tricks or for various infringements. The term, bête , came to be used in both French and German in various other card games as the name for the stake on a game, the penalty for losing and the loser himself. At first called Homme, the game appears as early as 1619 in French literature and originated from

624-447: Is not compulsory to head the trick). The trick is won by the highest card of the suit led, unless a trump is played, in which case the highest trump wins. The winner of each trick leads to the next. When the Ace of trumps is led, it is usual to say 'Pam, be civil;' the holder of Pam is then expected to let the Ace pass. When all the cards are played out, they will make but five tricks; and all

672-434: Is played by 3 to 8 players using a 52-card pack. The players play for tricks, and in each round they may pass or play. The main forms of the game are three-card loo, Irish loo and five-card loo. The turn to deal and play passes always to the left. The pool is formed by dealer's contribution of five chips or counters. Then the players are dealt five cards each and the next turned for trump. Cards rank as at Whist, except that

720-432: Is up to the first dealer and then stays the same for rest of the game. After dealing the talon is placed face down on the table and the dealer turns the top card for trump , leaving it on top of the talon. An "upturned silver, tin or ceramic dish" is used for the game and each player begins by placing a fiche (a token worth 5 or 10 jetons ) half under the dish, facing him, and then places 2 jetons (chips), one beside

768-462: The jetons for the deal and the King. The dealer adds his extra jeton . There are two fiches left in play along with the second bête . And so it continues. The King is the name of those additional stakes (one jeton per player) placed on top of their dish or plate. These are won by the player who has the King of trumps, except in the case where he was also the declarer and lost the deal, in which case

816-410: The led suit and no trumps high enough to head the trick, may they discard . So, for example, if a plain suit card is led and then trumped, a subsequent player may discard even if he has a trump, provided that it is not high enough to overtrump. The penalty for revoking , or failing to play the appropriate suit when able, is a single bête . If the declarer wins, he sweeps all the jetons staked on

864-472: The Dumby, or decline playing for that round. If the eldest declines to the Dumby, the next in turn has this option, and so on. Whenever a player declines playing, he must give his cards to the dealer who will place them under the pack. No one can retract after declaring his intention to stand or not. When all players have declared their intention, the first in hand of those who play, if he holds two trumps, must head

912-457: The Jack of Clubs to the top trump. As Bête, the rules are last recorded in 1888. The English game Lanterloo resembles the latter, but may have crossed the channel at an earlier stage of development and evolved in parallel to its eventual form. The rules for Bête remained substantially the same for about two centuries, but by 1828, the name seems to have merely become a synonym for the game of Mouche ,

960-520: The Spanish game of Ombre , the name of which also means "man" although, unlike Homme, it did not allow players to contre the initial bid to play, and its more immediate antecedent was the game of Triomphe as attested by other sources. The expression faire la bête ("make the bête" - see below) gave rise to the game's second name, 'Bête' or 'Beste'. The 1690 edition of Dictionaire Universel calls it " jeu de la Beste " and states that virevole or dévole

1008-549: The Triolet before five cards are dealt to each player as 2+3 or 3+2, as in French Ruff and the next turned as trumps. Players must follow suit or trump or overtrump if unable. The winner of the most tricks sweeps the Play, the one with the King (presumably of trumps) sweeps the King and a player with a triplet , e.g. three Fours, wins the Triolet. Lanterloo Lanterloo or loo is

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1056-439: The amount of the pool, raising the total of chips to eighteen. The deal passes to the left, and the dealer must on all occasions pay in the pool three counters for the deal. When the pool consists of more than the original three chips deposited by the dealer it becomes optional to play or not, and before looking at his own cards, the dealer asks all the players, beginning at the eldest hand, whether they will play their own hand, take

1104-431: The counters in the pool are divided between the holders of these tricks, in proportion to the tricks they hold, every other player being looed—that is, obliged to pay five counters, the amount put into the pool by the dealer, to the pool for next deal. One card is dealt to each player, and the player receiving the lowest card is entitled to deal. At the commencement of the game the dealer puts three chips, or counters, in

1152-405: The current deal and also wins an extra jeton from each other player. If the declarer loses, he 'makes the bête' , that is he pays the penalty known as the bête . The amount paid out in a bête is always the same as the player would have earned if he had won the deal (e.g., with five players, 6 jetons , the value of a fiche , and the amount of the current bête , if present) which he pays into

1200-424: The deal, a fiche , and the current bête , if present (e.g., if five play, he wins the value of 11 jetons ; one from each player including himself plus the extra one placed by the dealer and a fiche worth 5 jetons . If a bête is currently staked, they would win it too). If the declarer takes all five tricks - a vole - he not only wins all the stakes for the game, but all the bêtes , including those not part of

1248-499: The dish as the stake for the deal and the second on top of the dish to be won by the player with the King of trumps. The dealer adds a third jeton ; this also serves to remind everyone who dealt. If, during the game, there is a bête at stake for a particular deal, no jetons are staked on that deal apart from the extra one placed by the dealer. Since fiches are won singly, no fiches are anted until all have been taken. Players now pick up their cards and decide whether they have

1296-465: The earliest rules in English for the game of Beast or "Le Beste", but his work was not published until much later. He was followed shortly thereafter by Charles Cotton in The Compleat Gamester . The latter notes that the game of Beast was "called by the French, La Bett". From three to five played using cards ranking as per Écarté . Stakes are placed in three heaps called the King, the Play and

1344-458: The first card is played to a trick. If all pass, players may opt to stake another jeton and turn the next card of the talon as trumps. This card is known as the Curieuse . The first trump upcard becomes void and is placed to one side. Eldest hand leads to the first trick. Suit must be followed. If players are unable to follow, they must trump or overtrump if able. Only if they have no cards of

1392-444: The five jetons staked on the game plus the extra one by the dealer, making 11 jetons . Instead he must pay this amount into the pool for deal 2. All the stakes for the deal remain in place. Player C holds the King of trumps and wins the 5 jetons for the 'King', which are replaced by all the players. Deal 2 . Player A loses again. No-one has the King of trumps. As before, the bête is the same amount as that he would have won. All

1440-482: The five tricks or at least the first two, if no one else makes three. Meanwhile the defenders try to prevent the declarer winning, forcing him to pay the penalty known as the bête . The game is played by three to seven players. If five play, a 32-card Piquet pack is used; if more play, 36 cards of a French pack are needed; if three or four play, the Sevens are removed leaving 28 cards. According to Van de Aa (1721),

1488-497: The five-card flush in that game and came to refer to the four-card flush in Lanterloo. Also called Langtrillo in its prime form and later simply Loo (also termed Lant in the north of England by 1860, most possibly for having evolved into a more elaborate form of play by the addition of new rules, it may also have been brought to England from Holland, where it was known as Lanterlu, Lanturlu or Lenterlui , or North Germany, where it

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1536-481: The game was usually played by three or four players, "three being better". Card ranking is as per Écarté : K > Q > J > A > 10 > 9 > 8 > (7) > (6). Deal and play are anticlockwise. The first dealer is chosen by lot . The pack is placed face down and players take the top card in turn, the player drawing the first King or other nominated card dealing first. Five cards are dealt to each player either as 2+2+1, 2+3, 3+2 or 2+1+2. The mode of dealing

1584-421: The knave of clubs, which is called Pam, is the highest trump. Everyone's aim is to win at least one trick, under penalty of increasing the pool. The players, having seen their hands, can either abandon them free of charge or elect to play, thereby undertaking to win at least one trick for one fifth of the pool. Any player failing to take a trick is "looed", and adds five more chips to the pool. This amount goes for

1632-411: The next deal. Each player must have the same number of deals, but if there is a "loo" (the sum forfeited by a player who plays, but does not win a trick) in the last deal of a round, the game continues till there is a hand without a loo. When any person holds a Pam-flush (four cards of a suit with Pam), whether dealt initially or obtained by drawing cards, he can sweep the pool before playing. Then there

1680-445: The next turned up for trumps. In the first hand, and whenever the pool consists of only three chips deposited by the dealer, it is called a Bold Stand , or Force , and each player is compelled to play his hand, except the eldest hand, who, if he prefers it, is entitled to the Dumby and may exchange it for his own. Bold Stand is played for the purpose of getting a larger pool; thus, if eight are playing, and five lose, they will be looed

1728-454: The original player only wins or loses a single bête as normal. If the declarer ties with another player for the number of tricks won, the round is null. Dealer role passes counterclockwise and only the new dealer adds a jeton for the next round. The following example assumes there are five players: Deal 1 . The first deal is for a simple (single) stake. Player A elects to play but loses. Had he won, he would have collected one fiche ,

1776-457: The pack. Under various spellings, like the French forms Lenterne , Lenturlu , Looterlu (meaning "fiddlesticks", a meaningless word equivalent to "Lullay", or "Lulloo", used in Lullabies), the game is supposed to have reached England from France most probably with the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. In France it was originally called Mouche ("Fly"), which was also the name of

1824-402: The pool to the dealer. An optional rule is "club law" whereby all must play if a club is turned as trumps. There is no Dumby, but each person can exchange his cards, as at Pam-Loo. Other rules are the same as at three-card loo. Each player is looed the whole amount in the pool until the occurrence of a bold stand , which can only happen when three players stand the game, and each win

1872-405: The pool, the value of which already been agreed upon by the players. It is necessary to make the pool a number that can be exactly divided by three, say 3, 6, 9 chips. After the cards are shuffled and cut, the dealer gives three cards (one at a time) to each player, beginning at the eldest hand , and going round to the left. An extra hand called Dumby, or Miss, is dealt in the centre of the table and

1920-424: The pool. When none of these flushes occur, the game goes on as at Whist : The player to the dealer's left leads to the first trick. He may lead any card in his hand. The other players, in clockwise order, each play a card to the trick and must follow suit by playing a card of the suit led if he has one. A player with no card of the suit led may play any card, either discarding or trumping (unlike three-card loo, it

1968-411: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title La Bête . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La_Bête&oldid=1106900459 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

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2016-410: The stakes from both deals and the stakes for the King remain in place. The second bête is a sum that equates to 28 jetons i.e.: Deal 3. Only the dealer adds a jeton and players are playing for the first bête . The second bête is held in abeyance until the next deal. Player B wins the King and collects the five jetons . Player D wins the game and collects 34 jetons : Deal 4. Players place

2064-456: The stakes remain in place for the next deal. As soon as the King is won, players place another jeton on their plates. Lacombe helpfully describes the terminology used in the game of la Bête: As with Écarté , for a more modern variation of the game, the cards may be re-ranked with the Ace as the highest card (with the associated pot) and the King as the second highest card (as in most modern card games). In 1672, Francis Willughby recorded

2112-409: The trick . At the end of the game, the pool is divided into three portions. If one player takes three tricks, he wins the whole pool; if he takes two, he wins two thirds; if one, only one third. All those who have failed to win a trick are looed the original amount deposited by the dealer and when only two players stand, the last player before the dealer must either play his hand, or the Dumby, or give up

2160-448: The variants of Mouche and Mistigri , the latter still being played today. It may also have been antecedent to the games of the Rams family although it does not share their characteristic of allowing players to drop out of the current deal if they consider their hand to be too poor. Bête was a gambling game, often played for small stakes, but was also played as a social and family game. It

2208-407: Was a term used in the game to refer to a player who undertook to win every trick, but failed to win any and had to pay a penalty to the other players. By the mid-17th century, the game had spread to Germany, where it was known as la Bäte , la Bête , Labeth or Labetspiel and to Italy where it was referred to as bestia or l'asino . By the 18th century, it had reached England, where it

2256-449: Was called Beast (see below), and Austria-Hungary , where it was known as Labet or Zwickerspiel and banned as a gambling game. Bête subsequently evolved into the games known Mouche or Lenturlu (see also the English game of Lanterloo ) - which featured bluffing, 'robbing' (i.e. exchanging with) the talon and winning outright if a player was dealt an eponymous, five-card flush - and Mistigri or Pamphile, which additionally promoted

2304-507: Was known as Lenter or Bester Bube . In 1678 a Dutch periodical records a list of games including Verquere , Karnöffel , Poch , Krimpen , Lansquenet , Triomphe , Piquet , La Bête "and that miserable Lanterlu which is in fashion." Whichever way it had been introduced to Britain, by the turn of the eighteenth century it was already England's most popular card game. The rules of Lanterloo are listed by Charles Cotton in 1674 and subsequent editions of The Compleat Gamester , while

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