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94-493: The University of Deseret was established in 1850 to supervise other public schools in the territory. Public taxation instituted in 1851 supported these schools, which were organized by wards , with their teacher employed by the local bishop . These early public schools were often used church meetinghouses as their schoolroom. While Utah's colonization was started by members of the LDS Church (also called Mormons), twenty percent of

188-525: A Marxist, was elected as president, and Church members were uncertain about the future of the LDS Church and Church schools. The minister of education requested using a church building for another session of schooling. In response, Loosle increased enrollment to ensure that the schools were always operating at full capacity. Kindergartens operated in LDS chapels in Arica, Inquique, and La Calera to keep them from being used by

282-596: A broad variety of universities, colleges and academies. Founded in 1088, the University of Bologna is likely the oldest in the world . In 2009, the University of Bologna is, according to The Times , the only Italian college in the top 200 World Universities. Milan's Bocconi University has been ranked among the top 20 best business schools in the world by The Wall Street Journal international rankings, especially thanks to its M.B.A. program, which in 2007 placed it no. 17 in

376-489: A broad-spectrum view of tertiary education and detailed information on the nation's educational structure, accreditation procedures, and connections to state as well as federal agencies and entities. The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education provides one framework for classifying U.S. colleges and universities in several different ways. US tertiary education also includes various non-profit organizations promoting professional development of individuals in

470-429: A key role in ensuring institutions meet minimum standards. It is large and diverse with institutions that are privately governed and institutions that are owned and operated by state and local governments. Some private institutions are affiliated with religious organizations whereas others are secular with enrollment ranging from a few dozen to tens of thousands of students. The United States Department of Education presents

564-399: A more likeable leader. Singles wards are set up in areas with high populations of single adults . Young single adult (YSA) wards are intended for single members ages 18 to 35, and single adult wards are generally for single members of ages 31 to 45. Older single adult members typically attend their family (standard) ward. These wards provide LDS singles the opportunity to serve in offices of

658-472: A nondegree level is sometimes referred to as further education or continuing education as distinct from higher education. Higher education includes teaching, research, exacting applied work, as exists in medical schools and dental schools , and social services activities of universities. Within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level, and beyond that, graduate-level (or postgraduate level). The latter level of education

752-528: A prestigious group of twenty research-intensive European Universities. It has also been awarded ranking positions such as 1st in Italy and 7th in Europe (The Leiden Ranking – Universiteit Leiden). Tertiary education refers to post-secondary education received at universities (government or privately funded), monotechnics, polytechnics and colleges of education. After completing a secondary education, students may enroll in

846-448: A reasonable travel time of the meetinghouse ("reasonable" will vary between countries and regions). A stake, the next highest level of organization, may be created if there are at least five ward-sized branches in adjacent areas. Once the stake has been organized, the ward-sized branches are organized into wards. Beginning in 2024, the LDS Church unified standards worldwide for creation of wards as shown in table below. Prior to 2024, within

940-414: A singles ward, and with administrative approval, wards may be established in geographic areas which contain a high population of church members whose native language is different from the local language (such as adjacent to U.S. military bases in foreign countries, or in metropolitan areas which have larger numbers of immigrant/second-language users). Additionally, there are also wards for deaf members where

1034-485: A student may go to university, but may also stop at that point. Education in Italy is compulsory from 6 to 16 years of age, and is divided into five stages: kindergarten ( scuola dell'infanzia ), primary school ( scuola primaria or scuola elementare ), lower secondary school ( scuola secondaria di primo grado or scuola media inferiore ), upper secondary school ( scuola secondaria di secondo grado or scuola media superiore ) and university ( università ). Education

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1128-493: A wide knowledge of liberal arts and sciences. The Lisbon Recognition Convention stipulates that degrees and periods of study must be recognised in all of the Signatory Parties of the convention. The oldest known institutions of higher education are credited to Dynastic Egypt, with Pr-Anx (houses of life) built as libraries and scriptoriums, containing works on law, architecture, mathematics, and medicine, and involved in

1222-499: Is a local congregation in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), with a smaller local congregation known as a branch . A ward is presided over by a bishop , the equivalent of a pastor in many other Christian denominations . As with all local LDS Church leadership, the bishop is considered lay clergy and as such is not paid. Two counselors serve with the bishop to help with administrative and spiritual duties of

1316-488: Is conducted, general and local leaders are sustained by a vote , and sermons are delivered by stake and ward leaders. Post-secondary education Tertiary education , also referred to as third-level , third-stage or post-secondary education , is the educational level following the completion of secondary education . The World Bank , for example, defines tertiary education as including universities as well as trade schools and colleges . Higher education

1410-419: Is free in Italy and free education is available to children of all nationalities who are residents in Italy. Italy has both a private and public education system. Italy has a large and international network of public or state-affiliated universities and schools offering degrees in higher education. State-run universities of Italy constitute the main percentage of tertiary education in Italy and are managed under

1504-614: Is monitored through the global indicator for target 4.3 in the sustainable development goal 4 (SDG 4), which measures the participation rate of youth and adults in formal and non-formal education and training in the previous 12 months, whether for work or non-work purposes. The right of access to higher education is mentioned in a number of international human rights instruments . The UN International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 declares, in Article 13, that "higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on

1598-464: Is no difference in the language used. There used to be wards or missions that were designated based on race, such as Indian wards or Indian missions for Native Americans. A congregation that is in a district or that has too small a membership to be a ward may be organized as a branch of the church. Branches may be organized in stakes, but wards may not be organized in districts. Branches in a district, or those where no stake or district exist, fall under

1692-471: Is often referred to as graduate school , especially in North America. In addition to the skills that are specific to any particular degree, potential employers in any profession are looking for evidence of critical thinking and analytical reasoning skills, teamworking skills, information literacy , ethical judgment, decision-making skills, fluency in speaking and writing, problem solving skills, and

1786-575: Is organized, or those within close geographical proximity. Because of the nature of prison branches, all positions of authority will be called from outside of the branch. Some branches (called "care center" branches) are set up in nursing homes with meetings held on-site for people who cannot travel to a meetinghouse. In these branches, leaders are also called from the local stake. Most branches require at least 20 members and require four Melchizedek priesthood holders capable of serving in leadership positions. YSA branches require 50 active members in addition to

1880-671: Is shown in the following table. The percentage of adults who have attained individual tertiary education levels by country is shown in the following table. A 2014 report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development states that by 2014, 84 percent of young people were completing upper secondary education over their lifetimes, in high-income countries. Tertiary-educated individuals were earning twice as much as median workers. In contrast to historical trends in education, young women were more likely to complete upper secondary education than young men. Additionally, access to education

1974-454: Is so great that it is not feasible to meet on a daily basis. Home-study seminary students study daily, but meet only once a week as a class. Home-study classes are usually held in connection with weekly youth fellowship activities on a weekday evening. The seminary program provides extensive study of theology, using as texts the church's " standard works " ( Old Testament , New Testament , Book of Mormon and Doctrine and Covenants ) throughout

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2068-478: Is still in operation, with 418 students as of the 2012–2013 school year, and approximately 80% of the students are members of the church. The school now utilizes a unique dual-language program beginning in kindergarten and continuing through high school. The internationalization of the LDS Church in the 1950s and 1960s corresponded with an increase in native Mexican membership. Scholarships for these members to Juárez Academy encouraged its diversification. Additionally,

2162-538: Is taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education , while vocational education beyond secondary education is known as further education in the United Kingdom , or included under the category of continuing education in the United States . Tertiary education generally culminates in the receipt of certificates , diplomas , or academic degrees . Higher education represents levels 5, 6, 7, and 8 of

2256-409: Is the world's oldest university in continuous operation, and the first university in the sense of a higher-learning and degree-awarding institute, as the word universitas was coined at its foundation. Since World War II , developed and many developing countries have increased the participation of the age group who mostly studies higher education from the elite rate, of up to 15 per cent, to

2350-450: The 1997 version of its schema. They were referred to as level 5 and doctoral studies at level 6. In 2011, this was refined and expanded in the 2011 version of the structure. Higher education at undergraduate level, masters and doctoral level became levels 6, 7, and 8. Nondegree level tertiary education, sometimes referred to as further education or continuing education was reordered as level 4, with level 5 for some higher courses. In

2444-523: The 2011 version of the International Standard Classification of Education structure. Tertiary education at a nondegree level is sometimes referred to as further education or continuing education as distinct from higher education. UNESCO stated that tertiary education focuses on learning endeavors in specialized fields. It includes academic and higher vocational education. The World Bank 's 2019 World Development Report on

2538-592: The Big Horn Academy . The Juarez Academy in Colonia Juarez, Mexico, is still operated as a secondary school by the LDS Church today. A few church academies eventually evolved into colleges or universities. These include: The LDS Church also established formal colleges and universities: In the mid-20th century, the church established secondary schools outside of the United States to provide education where it

2632-488: The European Union , and more liberal policies regarding international migration . In the U.S., higher education is provided by universities , academies , colleges , seminaries , conservatories , and institutes of technology , and certain college-level institutions, including vocational schools , universities of applied sciences, trade schools, and other career-based colleges that award degrees. Tertiary education at

2726-528: The University of al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco is the oldest existing continually operating higher educational institution in the world. and is occasionally referred to as the oldest university by scholars. Undoubtedly, there are older institutions of higher education, for example, the University of Ez-Zitouna in Montfleury, Tunis , was first established in 737. The University of Bologna , Italy, founded in 1088,

2820-739: The Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan, the LUISS in Rome, the Polytechnic University of Turin , the Politecnico di Milano (which in 2011 was ranked as the 48th best technical university in the world by QS World University Rankings ), the University of Rome La Sapienza (which in 2005 was Europe's 33rd best university, and ranks among Europe's 50 and the world's 150 best colleges and in 2013,

2914-570: The female enrollment ratio exceeding the male ratio by 4 percentage points. The tertiary gross enrollment ratio ranges from 9% in low-income countries to 77% in high-income countries , where, after rapid growth in the 2000s, reached a plateau in the 2010s. Between now and 2030, the biggest increase in tertiary enrollment ratios is expected in middle-income countries, where it will reach 52%. Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) commits countries to providing lifelong learning opportunities for all, including tertiary education. This commitment

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3008-532: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education is rapidly making certain aspects of the traditional higher education system obsolete. The involvement and funding by foreign regimes in higher education in the US and Europe raised concerns regarding the erosion of democratic norms and hate speech on campuses. The total expenditure on tertiary education ( ISCED levels 5 to 8) as a percentage of GDP for individual countries

3102-585: The 1970s, under the leadership of Neal A. Maxwell , church schools in the Pacific started to hire administrators from local members, in contrast to the previously American administrators. Schools established in Chile in the 1960s; at its largest, church schools had 3,000 students across eight elementary schools and one secondary school. The schools closed in the 1980s. Church-sponsored elementary schools opened in Lima in 1966. Over

3196-658: The Byzantine emperor Theodosius II innovated as he established the Pandidakterion , with a faculty of 31 professors, to train public servants. In the 7th and 8th centuries, "cathedral schools" were created in Western Europe. Meanwhile, the first Medresahs were founded in the Moslem empire – initially mere primary schools in the premises of major mosques, which gradually evolved toward secondary, later higher education. However high

3290-572: The Center for World University Rankings ranked the Sapienza University of Rome 62nd in the world and the top in Italy in its World University Rankings . ) and the University of Milan (whose research and teaching activities have developed over the years and have received important international recognition). This university is the only Italian member of the League of European Research Universities (LERU),

3384-542: The Church expanded its educational program. It ran elementary schools in various places in Mexico and opened a high school in Mexico City, Centro Escolar Benemerito De Las Americas , in 1964. The curriculum changed in accordance with Mexican law, with off-campus religious instruction. Campus culture changed as schools celebrated Mexican holidays and included Mexican culture in its curriculum. In 1967, Hispanic students made up 50% of

3478-479: The Church when "other educational systems are nonexistent, seriously deficient or inaccessible to our members." Chilean church schools started to close in 1977, with the Church's growth and adequate public schools given as reasons for closure. By 1981, Church schools had completely closed in Chile, Peru, Bolivia, and Paraguay. Some of academies remain historical landmarks, such as the Oneida Stake Academy and

3572-459: The LDS Church, the word seminary refers to religious education programs designed for secondary students. These are programs of religious education for youth aged 14–18 that accompany the students' secular education. In areas with large concentrations of Latter-day Saints, such as in and around the Mormon Corridor in the United States, instruction is offered on a released time basis during

3666-549: The Quorum of the Twelve, currently Christofferson, serves as the committee's chairman. Rasband, as the only other member of the Twelve currently serving on the board, is the vice chairman of the executive committee. The office of Church Commissioner of Education was suspended in 1989, when trustees decided to deal directly with individual administrators. The position was reinstated in 1992. Histories Ward (LDS Church) A ward

3760-634: The US. In an attempt to escape persecution, more than three hundred Latter-day Saints settled in nine different communities in Chihuahua and Sonora. The Academia Juárez was opened in 1887. The Juárez Stake Academy was first established in September 1897 with 291 students. Located within the church's Colonia Juárez in Chihuahua, the school was similar to academies in the Utah territory and provided English-language instruction intended for "an Anglo population." The school

3854-588: The United States and Canada, a minimum of 300 members was required to create a ward; elsewhere, a minimum of 150 members was required. If there are not sufficient congregations in an area to form a stake, a district (analogous to but smaller than a stake) is formed to oversee local congregations. There is no minimum or maximum geographical size for a ward: In areas where there are greater numbers of active church members (such as urban and suburban areas in Utah ), several wards can exist in only 1 square mile (2.6 km ). When

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3948-502: The United States either have institute buildings or active programs near their campuses. Sometimes classes occur in ward buildings, office buildings, or private homes. Teachers can be either volunteers or paid employees. The first Institute of Religion was established in northern Idaho at Moscow , adjacent to the University of Idaho . Currently the largest enrollment is at Utah State University in Logan, Utah . The largest enrollment outside

4042-656: The above requirement. The main organizations of a ward that are overseen directly by the bishop are the Relief Society (for women), the Young Men and Young Women , the Primary (for children), and the Sunday School . In branches, these organizations are filled when there are sufficient active members to fill these positions. Those men ordained to the priesthood are organized into quorums by priesthood office. The offices of

4136-627: The basis of capacity, by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education". In Europe , Article 2 of the First Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights , adopted in 1950, obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education . In 1994, the UNESCO Salamanca Statement called on the international community to endorse the approach of inclusive education, including at

4230-483: The bishop but are overseen by the stake president . Within districts , offices of the Melchizedek Priesthood within individual branches are advised by the branch president but overseen by the district president, under the direction of the mission president. Within a branch, priesthood quorums may be formed or all priesthood holders may meet together, as numbers permit. The priesthood is central to, and directs

4324-520: The church and its organizations. Prior to adjustments made in April 2018, the bishopric , ward clerk, executive secretary, elders quorum president, high priest group leader, ward Young Men president, and ward mission leader would meet regularly as the Priesthood Executive Committee . Each ward and branch holds an annual ward or branch conference. In this meeting, ward organizational business

4418-480: The church's webpage. Unlike most religions, members are expected to attend the specific ward they reside in and are discouraged from choosing a different congregation that meets in a different place or at a more convenient time. There are some exceptions to this rule (see below), but for the most part members are discouraged from "shopping" for a different ward that is more convenient for them, or that has one where they might attend with friends or relatives, or that has

4512-409: The church. Members are taught the same principles of the gospel as a traditional ward, while receiving attention particular to their spiritual needs. Singles wards are different in that they overlap several other regular wards geographically, even crossing stake boundaries. Single adult members may choose to attend the singles ward or their regular "home" ward; otherwise, the church strongly discourages

4606-666: The city of Taxila , later the great Buddhist monastery of Nalanda ( c.  427 - 1197 CE), attracted students and professors even from distant regions. In China , the Han dynasty established chairs to teach the Five Confucean Classics , in the Grand School, Taixue ( c.  3 - 1905  CE ), to train cadres for the imperial administration. All these higher-learning institutions became models for other schools within their sphere of cultural influence. In 425 CE,

4700-492: The classroom, and changed the district superintendent position to one that was appointed instead of elected. The Free School Act of 1890 established that public schools would be "free from sectarian control." This legislation separated the LDS Church from the public schools. Wilford Woodruff disliked the new public schools, calling them a "great evil," and created the academies system and an after-school program of religious classes for children. The first Church Board of Education

4794-568: The creation of new tertiary colleges. Higher education in Canada includes provincial, territorial, Indigenous and military higher education systems. The ideal objective of Canadian higher education is to offer every Canadian the opportunity to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to realize their utmost potential. It aspires to cultivate a world-class workforce, enhance the employment rate of Canadians, and safeguard Canada's enduring prosperity. Higher education programs are intricately designed with

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4888-572: The curriculum has followed the standard school year for most seminary students. However, in March 2019, the LDS Church announced that the curriculum would be changed to align with the home-centered, church-supported curriculum changes announced in the church's October 2018 general conference. Students who enroll in post-secondary education and young adults ages 18–30 receive religious education through institutes of religion . CES Institutes served over 350,000 students worldwide in 2005. Many colleges throughout

4982-477: The days when few pupils progressed beyond primary education or basic education , the term "higher education" was often used to refer to secondary education, which can create some confusion. This is the origin of the term high school for various schools for children between the ages of 14 and 18 (United States) or 11 and 18 (United Kingdom and Australia). Globally, the gross enrollment ratio in tertiary education increased from 19% in 2000 to 38% in 2017, with

5076-540: The decade due to the depressions of 1893 and 1896 . Some of the stronger academies persisted before being dissolved during church education cutbacks in the 1920s. Release-time seminary classes started in 1912 at Granite High School in Salt Lake City, and grew to serve 26,000 students by 1930. In 2014, the Seminaries and Institutes programs served over 744,000 students in seminaries and institutes in 137 countries. In

5170-480: The field of higher education and helping expand awareness of related issues like international student services and complete campus internationalization. Although tertiary education in the EU includes university, it can differ from country to country. After going to nursery school (French: école maternelle), elementary school (French: école primaire), middle school (French: collège), and high school (French: lycée),

5264-505: The first year, all the children passed their government-administered end-of-year exams, with many performing very well. In 1967, Lyle J. Loosle became the new superintendent. Under his leadership, volunteers supported new elementary schools in Nunoa and Talcahuano. In 1970, the Church Board of Education approved the purchase of a Catholic school near Santiago. Later that year, Salvador Allende ,

5358-659: The future of work argues that given the future of work and the increasing role of technology in value chains, tertiary education becomes even more relevant for workers to compete in the labor market. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education . This consists of universities , colleges and polytechnics that offer formal degrees beyond high school or secondary school education. The International Standard Classification of Education in 1997 initially classified all tertiary education together in

5452-604: The global term " higher education " (i.e. post-18 study). In 2018 the Welsh Government adopted the term "tertiary education" to refer to post-16 education and training in Wales. Since the 1970s, however, specialized further education colleges in England and Wales have called themselves " tertiary colleges " although being part of the secondary education process. These institutions cater for both school leavers and adults, thus combining

5546-565: The government for other purposes. After Allende was overthrown, the kindergartens closed. In 1972, Jorge Rojas, the new superintendent from Mexico, dismissed two non-member teachers and made other reforms. Other teachers formed a union to protest new policies. Loosle was asked to return as superintendent after Church headquarters reassigned Rojas to a school in Mexico. Loosle dismissed teachers' union leaders when they refused to resign. The union leaders demanded reinstatement. Loosle asked teachers to repent of their unionization; some union members left

5640-458: The intellectual level of these schools could be, it would be anachronistic to call them "universities". Their organization and purposes were markedly different from the corporations of students and teachers, independent from both the Church and the State, which established themselves from the 12th century in Western Europe as Universitas Studiorum . According to UNESCO and Guinness World Records ,

5734-409: The jurisdiction of the mission president . Branches may also be formed for YSA, foreign-language, military personnel, retirees, or jail / prison / half-way house inmates where there is a need for special interests, but there are too few individuals to form a ward. As in the ward, the branch president in a YSA, or prison branch will typically be called from the stake or district in which the branch

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5828-449: The lesser, or Aaronic , priesthood (typically males 11 to 18 years of age) are organized and overseen by the bishop (or branch president). Usually, there are separate quorums for deacons (11 and 12 year olds), teachers (13 and 14 year olds), and priests (15 years old and older). Offices of the higher, or Melchizedek, priesthood (including elders and high priests ), within individual wards and branches are advised by, and counsel with,

5922-453: The main functions of an FE college and a sixth form college . Generally, district councils with such colleges have adopted a tertiary system or structure where a single local institution provides all the 16–19 and adult education, and where schools do not universally offer sixth forms (i.e. schools only serve ages 11–16). However the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 has effectively prevented

6016-409: The mass rate of 16 to 50 per cent. In many developed countries, participation in higher education has continued to increase towards universal or, what Trow later called, open access, where over half of the relevant age group participate in higher education. Higher education is important to national economies , both as an industry, in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated personnel for

6110-454: The municipalities in the mid-western United States where members of the LDS Church resided, and in particular the political organization of Nauvoo, Illinois , in the 1840s. Bishops were assigned duties and responsibility over specific ward boundaries in these cities, and over time individual congregations were defined by these boundaries. After the Mormon Exodus to Utah, this same terminology

6204-434: The needs of students in attending these schools. In areas where there are large concentrations of YSA wards, YSA stakes are formed. Previously, when one or more wards were formed for the students of a college or university, separate wards would be formed for single and married students. In such university wards and stakes, the bishops and members of the stake presidency are filled by men called from adjacent stakes. Much like

6298-534: The next five years, elementary schools opened in La Paz, Bolivia and Asuncion, Paraguay. Shortly after the first mission was organized in Chile in 1961, Dale Harding became the superintendent of two elementary schools in La Cisterna and Vina del Mar, which were opened in March 1964. Rather than use the traditional lecture-exam format, teachers varied their teaching methods to include group work and in-service training. After

6392-532: The normal school day in meetinghouses, or facilities built specifically for seminary programs, adjacent to public schools . Released-time seminary classes are generally taught by full-time employees. In areas with smaller LDS populations early-morning or home-study seminary programs are offered. Early-morning seminary classes are held daily before the normal school day in private homes or in meetinghouses and are taught by volunteer teachers. Home-study seminary classes are offered where geographic dispersion of students

6486-519: The perspective of the learner in focus, striving to mitigate risks and assure definite outcomes. Within Australia "tertiary education" refers to continuing studies after a student completes secondary school. Tertiary education options include universities, technical and further education (TAFE) or private universities. The higher education system in the United States is decentralized and regulated independently by each state with accreditors playing

6580-538: The primary language used is the locally predominant sign language (such as American Sign Language in the U.S. and anglophone Canada). Services in these wards are conducted entirely in the target language. Colloquialisms such as "a Spanish ward" or "a Chinese ward", for example, refer solely to the language spoken, and not the race or ethnicity of the members welcome (e.g., there are no "Mexican wards"). However, in practice, different wards are sometimes made for different ethnic backgrounds or national origins, even though there

6674-474: The regular attendance of, and disallows the transfer of membership records to, regular wards other than the one to which the member's residence is assigned. Since it is a doctrinal requirement that the bishop of a ward be married, this man will typically be called from another ward in the host stake of the singles ward. Men to fill the other positions, such as counselors in the bishopric, an executive secretary, and ward clerks, may also be called from other wards in

6768-550: The rest of the economy. College educated workers have commanded a measurable wage premium and are much less likely to become unemployed than less educated workers. In recent years, universities have been criticized for permitting or actively encouraging grade inflation . Widening participation can increase the supply of graduates in individual fields of study over the demand for their skills, aggravating graduate unemployment , underemployment , overqualification and educational inflation . Some commentators have suggested that

6862-436: The school week, in addition to normal Sunday classes. The four courses are taught, one per year, on a rotating basis. Historically, seminary students were encouraged to study each scriptural text on their own time and to memorize a total of 100 scriptural passages or "scriptural mastery" verses during their participation in the four-year program. In 2016, the focus turned from scripture mastery to doctrinal mastery. For many years,

6956-515: The school, while others left the union. Loosle rehired some of the union leaders. In 1973, Beningno Pantoja Arratia became the new superintendent, and he made several reforms, including requiring ecclesiastical interviews. In 1970, Neal A. Maxwell became the Church Commissioner of Education, a new position overseeing Church schools, seminaries, and institutes. A 1971 policy from Maxwell stated that non-religious education should only be provided by

7050-536: The schools in the Pacific Islands. Wendell B. Mendenhall was the first chairman of the board, with Owen J. Cook as executive secretary. The Pacific Board of Education approved faculty, wrote policies, and defined budgets. Each school in Pacific Islands has its own president/principal and administrative board. The schools under the Pacific Board of Education were transferred to the Church Board of Education in 1964. In

7144-683: The stake or from among the members of the singles ward. A primary goal of a singles ward is to provide its members the chance to meet other singles of the opposite sex and eventually to be married. Singles in a certain area can then more easily find other singles of similar interests and beliefs, and eventually find a spouse. Groups are often formed to allow both the young single adults and single adults to conduct activities similar to those practiced in Family Home Evening . Although these groups may exist wherever there are LDS wards, they are more prominent in LDS singles wards. LDS singles ward culture

7238-745: The state of Utah is at Idaho State University in Pocatello, Idaho . CES institutions provide elementary and secondary schools in Mexico and in the Pacific Islands . Church schools expanded while David O. McKay was president of the LDS Church, with new schools opening in New Zealand, Tonga, Samoa, and other Pacific islands. The schools relied on volunteers. In 1886, the Mexican state of Chihuahua housed an outpost for Latter-day Saints fleeing anti-polygamy laws in

7332-590: The status of Doctoral Colleges, which function at graduate and post-graduate level. Nine further schools are direct offshoots of the universities (i.e. do not have their own 'university status'). The first one is the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (founded in 1810 by Napoleon as a branch of École Normale Supérieure ), taking the model of organization from the famous École Normale Supérieure . These institutions are commonly referred to as "Schools of Excellence" (i.e. "Scuole di Eccellenza"). Italy hosts

7426-522: The student body. Benemerito De Las Americas closed in 2013 when the campus was converted into a Missionary Training Center . As of 2014, 400 students attended Juárez Academy. Most students are Latin American, and about seventy-five percent are LDS. Initially, schools in the Pacific Islands were run by missionaries and directed by mission presidents. The Pacific Board of Education was organized in June 1957 to oversee

7520-411: The supervision of Italian's Ministry of Education. Italian universities are among the oldest universities in the world; the University of Bologna (founded in 1088) notably, is the oldest one ever ; also, University of Naples Federico II are is the world's oldest state-funded university in continuous operation. Most universities in Italy are state-supported. 33 Italian universities were ranked among

7614-666: The supply of graduates in some fields of study is exceeding the demand for their skills, aggravating graduate unemployment , underemployment and credentialism . Graduates of tertiary education are likely to have different worldviews and moral values than non-graduates. Research indicates that graduates are more likely to have libertarian principles with less adherence to social hierarchies. Graduates are also more likely to embrace cultural and ethnic diversity and express more positive views towards minority groups. For international relationships, graduates are more likely to favor openness, supporting policies like free trade , open borders ,

7708-549: The territory's residents were not Mormon by 1880. This non-Mormon minority wished for a state government that was less Mormon, including for public schools that were independent from the LDS Church. Non-Mormon schools petitioned for and received federal aid, and the first Protestant missionary school opened in Salt Lake City in 1867. From 1869–1890, there were 90 non-Mormon schools from other Christian denominations. Over half of their students were Mormon. The Edmunds–Tucker Act of 1887 prohibited use of "sectarian" or religious books in

7802-599: The tertiary level. Since this time the world has witnessed the global massification of tertiary education, yet this explosion of facilities and enrollment has largely entrenched and exacerbated the exclusion of people with disabilities. This is particularly the case in low- and middle-income contexts, where university completion rates for students with disabilities are much lower compared to completion rates of students without disabilities. Some tertiary schools have been criticized as having permitted or actively encouraged grade inflation . In addition, certain scholars contend that

7896-580: The training of "swnw" and "swnwt" (male and female doctors ); extant Egyptian papyri from the 3rd millennia BC are in several collections. In the Greek world, Plato's Academy ( c.  387 - 86 BC), Aristotle's Lyceum ( c.  334 - 86 BC) and other philosophical-mathematical schools became models for other establishments, particularly in Alexandria of Egypt, under the Ptolemies . In South Asia ,

7990-432: The ward and to preside in the absence of the bishop. Together, these three men constitute the bishopric . A branch is presided over by a branch president who may also have one or two counselors, depending on the size of the branch. Groups of wards are organized into stakes , while groups of branches are generally organized into districts . The term ward originally referred to the political subdivision of some of

8084-414: The ward membership grows to a certain size, the ward will be divided. Generally, if both geographic divisions are in a reasonable distance of the meetinghouse, they will meet at the same building, but at different times. Most meetinghouses are designed to house multiple wards. Individuals can find out what ward they reside in by either talking to a local LDS leader or by using the meetinghouse locator tool on

8178-489: The world in terms of graduate recruitment preference by major multinational companies. Bocconi was also ranked by Forbes as the best worldwide in the specific category Value for Money. In May 2008, Bocconi overtook several traditionally top global business schools in the Financial Times Executive education ranking, reaching no. 5 in Europe and no. 15 in the world. Other top universities and polytechnics are

8272-665: The world's top 500 in 2019, the third-largest number in Europe after the United Kingdom and Germany. There are also a number of Superior Graduate Schools ( Grandes écoles ) or Scuola Superiore Universitaria , which offer officially recognized titles, including the Diploma di Perfezionamento equivalent to a Doctorate, Dottorato di Ricerca i.e. Research Doctorate or Doctor Philosophiae i.e. PhD. Some of them also organize master's degree courses. There are three Superior Graduate Schools with "university status", three institutes with

8366-416: Was expanding and growth in the number of people receiving university education was rising sharply. By 2014, close to 40 percent of people aged 25–34 (and around 25 percent of those aged 55–64), were being educated at university. Under devolution in the United Kingdom , education is administered separately in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland. In England, the term "tertiary education" aligns with

8460-497: Was formed in 1888 to supervise the academies. The board consisted of Wilford Woodruff, Lorenzo Snow, George Q. Cannon, Karl G. Maeser, Horace S. Eldredge, Willard Young, George W. Thatcher, Anthon H. Lund, and Amos Howe. Thirty academies were formed between 1888 and 1895, but many families could not afford the tuition of the private academies. A few academies became junior colleges and trained teachers, and some continued as private Church-sponsored high schools. Most academies closed within

8554-522: Was not closed when other academies were closed in the 1920s and 1930s, likely because public school education in Mexico during the Mexican Revolution was inadequate. Settlers from Utah Territory remained isolated and aloof from native Mexicans, celebrating American holidays and teaching in English. Moises de la Pena, a Mexican academic, declared that the school was an "illegal privilege" in 1950. The school

8648-533: Was not fully available. These include: Institutions of higher education run by the church include Brigham Young University , Brigham Young University–Idaho , Brigham Young University–Hawaii , and Ensign College , along with a higher education organization, BYU–Pathway Worldwide . NOTE: Individuals with an asterisk (*) by their names serve as members of the Executive Committee of the Board. The senior member of

8742-400: Was portrayed and parodied in the 2002 movie The Singles Ward . In 2011, YSA wards and stakes were reorganized and realigned to remove the distinction of a student ward from a traditional YSA ward. Previously, YSA wards were organized as either college/university wards or traditional YSA wards. At colleges and universities with large LDS populations, student wards were organized to serve

8836-461: Was preserved in the establishment of communities throughout the western United States. Voting districts of several Utah communities still follow the historical boundaries of their original LDS Church congregations. Due to the religious connection of this term, traditional LDS pioneer communities generally do not use the term ward to define voting districts for political purposes. A ward typically consists of 150 to 500 church members in an area within

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