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44-419: Historically, Lāʻie was a puʻuhonua , a sanctuary for fugitives. While a fugitive was in the puʻuhonua , it was unlawful for that fugitive's pursuers to harm him or her. During wartime, spears with white flags attached were set up at each end of the city of refuge. If warriors attempted to pursue fugitives into the puʻuhonua , they would be killed by sanctuary priests. Fugitives seeking sanctuary in

88-693: A konohiki . Rule over an ahupuaʻa was given out by the ruling chief to subordinate members of the aliʻi . On the larger mountains of Maui and Hawaiʻi , smaller ahupuaʻa extended up to about 6,000 to 8,000 feet in elevation, while the higher elevations of an entire district would be included within a single, large ahupuaʻa. These ahupuaʻa, such as Kaʻohe, Keauhou, Kapāpala, Keaʻau, Keʻanae, Puʻu Waʻawaʻa, and Humuʻula, were highly valued both for their size and because they allowed control over items obtainable only from high-elevation areas, such as high-quality stone for tools and ʻuaʻu ( Hawaiian petrel ) chicks. They were given to high-ranking aliʻi, or often retained by

132-432: A city of refuge were not forced to permanently live within the confines of its walls. Instead, they were given two choices. In some cases, after a certain length of time (ranging from a couple of weeks to several years), fugitives could enter the service of the priests and assist in the daily affairs of the puʻuhonua . A second option was that after a certain length of time the fugitives would be free to leave and re-enter

176-409: A fairly uniform pattern. Each parcel was shaped roughly like a piece of pie with the tip in the mountains, the middle section in the foothills and coastal plain, and the broad base along the ocean front and the sea. The size and shape of the ahupuaʻa varied. However, the purpose of these remained the same. The village of Lāʻie is located in the ahupuaʻa of Lāʻie . As such, Lāʻie followed

220-436: A pig, to the island chief. Each ahupuaʻa was divided into smaller sections called ʻili, and the ʻili were divided into kuleana. These were plots of land that were cultivated by the common people. These people paid weekly labor taxes to the land overseer. These taxes went to support the chief. There may have been two reasons for this kind of subdivision: Each ahupuaʻa was ruled by an aliʻi or local chief and administered by

264-427: Is 1 centimetre (0.39 in) long and contains many 1.5-millimetre (0.059 in) seeds. The bracts and fruit of the ʻieʻie were a favorite food of the ʻōʻū ( Psittirostra psittacea ), an extinct Hawaiian honeycreeper that was formerly a principal seed dispersal vector for plants with small seeded, fleshy fruits in low elevation forests. It is also a favored food of the ʻalalā ( Corvus hawaiiensis ), which

308-471: Is currently extinct in the wild. Native Hawaiians plaited ʻieʻie into hīnaʻi hoʻomoe iʻa (fish baskets), hīnaʻi hoʻoluʻuluʻu (fish traps). The vine (or rather the split aerial roots) also became the framework for helmets worn by the aliʻi ( mahiole iʻe ). Ahupua%27a Ahupuaʻa ( pronounced [əhupuˈwɐʔə] ) is a Hawaiian term for a large traditional socioeconomic, geologic, and climatic subdivision of land (comparable to

352-644: Is in the CDP. Students go on to attend, Kahuku High & Intermediate School . Brigham Young University–Hawaii is in Laie CDP. Freycinetia arborea Freycinetia arborea , ʻIeʻie , is a densely branched, brittle, woody climber in the family Pandanaceae , endemic to the Pacific Islands. ʻIeʻie is found in moist forest on the Hawaiian , Marquesas , Austral , Society , and Cook Islands . It grows into

396-520: Is located at 21°38′55″N 157°55′32″W  /  21.64861°N 157.92556°W  / 21.64861; -157.92556 . Lāʻie is located north of Hauula and south of Kahuku along Kamehameha Highway (State Route 83). According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km). 1.3 square miles (3.4 km) of it is land and 0.9 square miles (2.3 km) of it (40.65%)

440-406: Is symbolic of the reproductive energy of male and female, which union in turns fills the land with offspring. From its close association with nature through its name, and through its oral traditions and history, the community of Lāʻie takes upon itself a precise identification and a responsibility in perpetuating life and in preserving all life forms. Sometimes the land itself provided sanctuary for

484-411: Is that each ahupua‘a met the needs of the local population, with excess for tribute and trade. The traditional subdivision system has four hierarchical levels: Some oral history relates that ʻUmi-a-Līloa , son of the great High Chief Līloa , took control of the land and divided it into ahupuaʻa. However, there is also a general belief that the natural organization of communities along stream systems

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528-525: Is the foundation for the system, whose community governance system of Kānāwai is often attributed specifically to shared water usage. The Hawaiians maintained an agricultural system that contained two major classes: irrigated and rain-fed systems. In the irrigated systems, the Hawaiians grew mostly taro (kalo), and in the rain-fed systems, they grew mostly ʻuala (sweet potatoes), yams, and dryland taro in addition to other small crops. This dry-land cultivation

572-413: Is water. The coastline is marked by Lāʻie Point, a prominent lithified dune jutting out into the ocean. Two other lithified dunes ( Kukuihoolua and Mokualai ) lie just offshore of the point as scenic islets . Lāʻie lohelohe Beach Park, to the south of town, includes Pahumoa Beach, named after Pahumoa "John" Kamakeʻeʻāina (1879–1944), a fisherman from Lāʻie Maloʻo who kept his nets on

616-613: The ahupuaʻa of Lāʻie than through any of the other surrounding ahupuaʻa , including Kaipapau and Hauula to the southeast and Malaekahana , Keana , and Kahuku to the northwest. A new phase of development for Lāʻie began when the plantation of that name was purchased by George Nebeker, the president of the LDS Church's Hawaiian Mission . The Latter-day Saints in Hawaii were then encouraged to move to this location. This purchase occurred in 1865. The sugarcane plantation

660-510: The Koʻolau Range behind the community of Lāʻie . In Hawaiian mythology , this red-spiked climbing screwpine is sacred to Kāne , god of the earth, god of life, and god of the forests, as well as to Laka , the patron goddess of the hula . The name Lāʻie becomes more environmentally significant through the Hawaiian oral history ( kaʻao ) entitled Laieikawai . In this history,

704-528: The census of 2000, there were 4,585 people, 903 households, and 735 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 3,601.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,390.6/km). There were 1,010 housing units at an average density of 793.4 per square mile (306.3/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 27.59% White , 0.35% Black or African American , 0.15% Native American , 9.23% Asian , 36.88% Pacific Islander , 0.65% from other races, and 25.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.12% of

748-491: The forest canopy , attaching itself to a host tree using aerial roots . It may also grow as a sprawling tangle on the forest floor. The name originates from Proto-Oceanic * kiRekiRe reflected in other Freycinetia plants with related names across Polynesia: ʻieʻie in Tahiti refers to Freycinetia demissa while New Zealand 's Freycinetia banksii is the kiekie . The shiny green leaves have pointed ends and are spiny on

792-571: The tapere in the Southern Cook Islands ). It usually extends from the mountains to the sea and generally includes one or more complete watersheds and marine resources. The predominant traditional system in the eight high islands of the main Hawaiian Islands was based on the ahupuaʻa. Each ahupua‘a contained a cross section of island resources and they were managed within a complex social system associated with each area. The general belief

836-554: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Towards the mountain ( mauka ), the remains of Nioi heiau can be found on a small ridge. All that is left of Nioi is a coral platform. Between 1846 and 1848, the traditional Hawaiian feudal ownership of land by the king, the aliʻi nui , and his leading chiefs or konohiki was changed through the Great Mahele , or major land division. The aliʻi nui at

880-470: The Hawaiian people. Lāʻie was such a place. The earliest information about Lāʻie states that it was a small, sparsely populated village with a major distinction: "it was a city of refuge". Within this city of refuge were located at least two heiau , traditional Hawaiian temples, of which very little remains today. Moohekili heiau was destroyed, but its remains can be found in taro patches makai (seaward) of Laie Hawaii Temple belonging to

924-531: The ahupuaʻa of Keaʻau , near Hilo, was purchased as a single unit by the William Herbert Shipman family to farm and raise cattle. Most of the land, however, was eventually sold off to become the large subdivisions of Puna . The line between the large northern lots (sold by the state as 30-50 acre farms) and 1-3 acre southern lots in the vicinity of Kurtistown, Mountain View, and Glenwood is the boundary between

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968-400: The average family size was 4.75. In the CDP the population was spread out, with 31.8% under the age of 18, 21.8% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 14.5% from 45 to 64, and 5.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.9 males. The median income for a household in the CDP

1012-605: The beach adjacent to Kōloa Stream. He was well known in Lāʻie for his generosity and gave fish to everyone in the village, especially to those who could not fish for themselves. Pahumoa conducted many hukilau , a method of community net fishing. His family, the Kamakeʻeʻāinas , were a well known fishing family in the area, and stories can still be found today of their abilities in fishing. Pahumoa Beach has also been known as Pounders Beach for its pounding shorebreak. The name

1056-405: The economic means of the location and political divisions of the area. “As the native Hawaiians used the resources within their ahupuaʻa, they practiced aloha (respect), laulima (cooperation), and mālama (stewardship) which resulted in a desirable pono (balance).” The Hawaiians believed that the land, the sea, the clouds and all of nature had a certain interconnectedness, which is why they used all of

1100-401: The general pattern of life in the ahupuaʻa , but only the valleys in the foothills had ample water. There were ten streams that flowed through the ahupuaʻa of Lāʻie before 1865 (see 1865 map). Their names were Kahooleinapea , Kaluakauila , Kahawainui , Kaihihi , Kawaipapa , Kawauwai , Wailele , Koloa , Akakii , and Kokololio . There were more streams flowing through

1144-515: The high chief personally. Following the Great Mahele in 1848, most ahupuaʻa were split up. Manukā , Puʻu Waʻawaʻa , and Puʻu Anahulu on the island of Hawaiʻi are among the few large ahupuaʻa that remained nearly intact under single ownership (with the exception of some kuleana lots) because they were crown lands owned personally by the monarch. In spite of this, the impact of the ahupuaʻa boundaries can be seen in many areas today. For example,

1188-517: The historical Laie Inn which was demolished in 2009 to make room for the new hotel. Though small, Lāʻie has had a significant impact on Hawaiian culture , despite many of its residents' tracing their lineages from various Pacific Island countries such as Tonga , Samoa , Fiji , and New Zealand . Fundraisers and feasts on the beach in the late 1940s inspired " The Hukilau Song ", written, composed and originally recorded by Jack Owens, The Cruising Crooner , and made famous by Alfred Apaka . Lāʻie

1232-612: The lower side of the midrib and along the edges. Leaves measure 40–80 centimetres (16–31 in) long and 1–3 centimetres (0.39–1.18 in) wide, and are spirally arranged around the ends of branches. Flowers form on spike-like inflorescences at the end of branches, and are either staminate or pistillate . Staminate spikes are yellowish-white and up to 10 centimetres (3.9 in) in length. Pistillate spikes are 3–4 centimetres (1.2–1.6 in) but elongate to 7.5–9.5 centimetres (3.0–3.7 in) once fruit are produced. Three to four spikes are surrounded by orange-salmon bracts . Fruit

1276-614: The pacific islands. It offers family friendly games and shows as well as various luau and dining options. In 2015, the PCC opened a new addition to the public called the Hukilau Marketplace. The marketplace is a vintage throwback to 1950s Hawaii offering nostalgic food, local goods and everyone-is-family hospitality. Also in 2015, the community welcomed a new "Laie Courtyard by Marriott", a three-story hotel housing 144 standard rooms which feature local island-style furnishing. The hotel replaced

1320-493: The plantation economy of Hawaii in the late 19th century and early 20th century, kalo usually lost out to sugar. One of the reasons both kalo and sugar grew on the plantation is because of the commitment of Hawaiian plantation workers to growing their staple. Their dedication to growing kalo included their insistence that Saturday not be a work day on the plantation so that they could make poi for their families. Both schools and church buildings were constructed in

1364-405: The population. There were 903 households, out of which 46.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.2% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.6% were non-families. 9.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.47 and

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1408-443: The resources around them to reach the desired balance in life. Sustainability was maintained by the konohiki and kahuna—priests, who restricted the fishing of certain species during specific seasons. They also regulated the gathering of plants. Ahupuaʻa is derived from Hawaiian language ahu , meaning “heap” or “cairn,” and puaʻa , pig . The boundary markers for ahupuaʻa were traditionally heaps of stones used to put offers, often

1452-657: The spiritual center of the Latter-day Saint community in Hawaii. Lāʻie is one of the best-known communities of the LDS Church and the site of the Laie Hawaii Temple, the church's fifth oldest operating temple in the world. Brigham Young University–Hawaii is located in Lāʻie . The Polynesian Cultural Center (PCC), the state's largest living museum , draws millions of visitors annually. The PCC houses 42 acres of lush garden and water features with 6 miniature "villages" that display various cultures and traditions of

1496-398: The term ikawai , which means "in the water", also belongs to the food-producing tree called kalalaikawa . The kalalaikawa tree was planted in a place called Paliula 's garden, which is closely associated with the spiritual home, after her birth and relocation of Laieikawai . According to Hawaiian oral traditions, the planting of the kalalaikawa tree in the garden of Paliula

1540-421: The time was Kauikeaouli King Kamehameha III , and his konohiki (leading chief) for Lāʻie was Peni Kealiʻiwaiwaiole (which means "The Chief without Riches"); the wife to this konohiki descended directly from the aliʻi nui of Oʻahu named Kakuiewa, making his wife of higher rank than he. The result of the mahele was not in compliance with the original intent of Kamehameha III. The result

1584-421: The town in the ensuing years. Samuel E. Woolley, who served as the LDS Church's mission president for 24 years, pushed the expansion of the operations at Laie. In 1898 he negotiated a $ 50,000 loan that allowed for the building of a new pump. The Hawaiian Mission was headquartered in Lāʻie until 1919 when the headquarters were moved to Honolulu, but by then the temple had been built in Lāʻie , so it remained

1628-409: The world unmolested. Traditional cities of refuge were abolished in 1819. The history of Lāʻie began long before European contact. The name Lāʻie is said to derive from two Hawaiian words: lau meaning "leaf", and ʻie referring to the ʻieʻie (red-spiked climbing screwpine, Freycinetia arborea ), which wreaths forest trees of the uplands or mauka regions of the mountains of

1672-492: The ʻŌlaʻa and Keaʻau ahupuaʻa. This boundary follows the edge of the 200- to 400-year-old ʻAilaʻau lava flow , and the ahupuaʻa of Keaʻau was undoubtedly originally created from the land devastated by this flow. Many local towns in Hawaiʻi still maintain the names of the old ahupuaʻa. In West Maui, the towns (north to south) Honokōhau , Honolua , Kapalua , Nāpili , Kahana, Honokawai , Kaʻanapali , Lahaina , and Olowalu follow

1716-485: Was $ 50,875, and the median income for a family was $ 59,432. Males had a median income of $ 40,242 versus $ 26,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $ 13,785. About 10.7% of families and 17.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 13.8% of those under the age of 18 and 11.6% of those ages 65 and older. Lāʻie is within the Hawaii Department of Education . Lāʻie Elementary School

1760-493: Was a very important part of Hawaiian life; it was used not only for fishing, bathing, drinking, and gardening, but also for aquaculture systems in the rivers and at the shore's edge. The ahupuaʻa consisted most frequently of a slice of an island that went from the top of the local mountain (volcano) to the shore, often following the boundary of a stream drainage. Each ahupuaʻa included a lowland mala (cultivated area) and upland forested region. Ahupuaʻa varied in size depending on

1804-432: Was also known as the mala . It also consisted of (kalo) taro, (niu) coconuts, (ʻulu) breadfruit, (maiʻa) bananas, and (kō) sugar cane. The kukui tree was sometimes used as a shade to protect the mala from the sun. Each crop was carefully placed in an area that was most suitable to its needs. Hawaiians raised dogs, chickens, and pigs that were domesticated. They also made use of personal gardens at their own houses. Water

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1848-523: Was popularized in the 1950s by students at the Church College of the Pacific (now Brigham Young University–Hawaii) who called the beach "Pounders" after a shorebreak that provided popular bodysurfing rides. Pounders was the official name of the beach until it was reverted to Pahumoa in 2021. Another bodysurfing beach is Hukilau , located at the north end of town at the mouth of Kahawainui Stream. As of

1892-445: Was rarely profitable, and through 1879 the church had subsidized its operations with about $ 40,000. Soon after the settlement a sugar factory was built. Much of the land was used to grow sugar, but other food crops were also raised. Significantly, Lāʻie was one of the few sugarcane plantations where both kalo ( taro ) and sugar were grown simultaneously. This was unusual because sugar and kalo are both thirsty crops. In

1936-401: Was that the chiefs received about 1,500,000 acres (6,100 km), the king kept about 1 million acres (4,000 km), which were called crown lands, and about 1 million acres (4,000 km) were set aside as government lands. The land of the mahele itself was cut up into parcels, much like the traditional Hawaiian land divisions, centering on the ahupuaʻa , which followed

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