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68-466: Lísek lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) east of Žďár nad Sázavou , 49 km (30 mi) north-east of Jihlava , and 139 km (86 mi) south-east of Prague . The villages of Lhota and Vojtěchov are administrative parts of Lísek. This Vysočina Region location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Jihlava Jihlava ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈjɪɦlava] ; German : Iglau )

136-546: A demagogue , the priest Jan Želivský , for a time obtained almost unlimited authority over the lower classes of the townsmen, and at Tábor, a religious communistic movement (that of the so-called Adamites ) was sternly suppressed by Žižka. Shortly afterwards, a new crusade against the Hussites was undertaken. A large German army entered Bohemia and in August 1421 laid siege to the town of Žatec . After an unsuccessful attempt of storming

204-608: A matter of course throughout the war as well as after its end in 1434. The word used for one type of handheld firearm used by the Hussites, Czech : píšťala , later found its way through German and French into English as the term " pistol ". The name of a cannon used by the Hussites, the Czech : houfnice , gave rise to the English term, " howitzer " ( houf meaning "crowd" for its intended use of shooting stone and iron shots against mass enemy forces). Other types of firearms commonly used by

272-497: A month later during the Battle of Kutná Hora . Žižka positioned his forces between the town of Kutná Hora, which pledged allegiance to the Hussite cause, and the main camp of the enemy, leaving supplies in the well-defended town. However uprising of ethnic German townsmen led the town into Crusader's control. Late in the night between 21 and 22 December 1421, Žižka ordered an attack against

340-765: A parish church. The Church of Saint Ignatius of Loyola on the city square was built in the early Baroque style in 1683–1689 for the Jesuits . Next to the church is a former Jesuit dormitory built in 1699–1711. The Dominican Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross was founded in 1247. The Church of the Holy Spirit was built in the Renaissance style in 1547 and rebuilt in the Mannerist style in 1661. The Evangelical Church of Saint Paul

408-659: A safe-conduct from Sigismund, but was imprisoned, tried, and executed on 6 July 1415. The knights and nobles of Bohemia and Moravia , who were in favour of church reform, sent the protestatio Bohemorum to the Council of Constance on 2 September 1415, which condemned the execution of Hus in the strongest language. This angered Sigismund, who was " King of the Romans " (head of the Holy Roman Empire , though not yet Emperor) and brother of King Wenceslaus of Bohemia . He had been persuaded by

476-438: A siege of the city, which had, however, soon to be abandoned. Negotiations took place for a settlement of the religious differences. The united Hussites formulated their demands in a statement known as the " Four Articles of Prague ". This document, the most important of the Hussite period, ran, in the wording of the contemporary chronicler, Laurence of Brezova , as follows: 1. The word of God shall be preached and made known in

544-443: Is Bosch Diesel, a subsidiary of Robert Bosch GmbH . The company employs about 4,000 people and is among the largest employers in the region. It manufactures components for diesel injection pump . Other important industrial companies include Marelli Automotive Lighting Jihlava (a producer of automotive lighting ) and Motorpal, a manufacturer of injection pumps founded in 1946. The most important non-industrial employers include

612-648: Is a city in the Czech Republic . It has about 54,000 inhabitants. Jihlava is the capital of the Vysočina Region , situated on the Jihlava River on the historical border between Moravia and Bohemia . Historically, Jihlava is the oldest mining town in the Czech Republic, older than Kutná Hora . The historic centre of Jihlava is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation . Jihlava

680-933: Is a neo-Gothic building, built in 1875–1878. The only preserved Jewish monument is the Jewish cemetery. It was founded in 1869 and contains over 1,000 tombstones, including the tombstones of the parents of Gustav Mahler . Jihlava is twinned with: Hussite Wars Bohemia & Moravia : Hussite movement (1419–20) Hussite Bohemia (1420–23) Moravian Hussites Radical Hussite faction (1423–34) Allies: Lithuania Supported by: Poland Polish–Hussite invasion of Prussia (1433) : Poland Pomerania-Stolp Orphans as mercenaries Crusaders and Catholic loyalists: Hungary - Croatia Holy Roman Empire (also German Kingdom ) Teutonic Order Order of Rhodes Papal States England Serbia Poland Allies: Moderate Hussite faction (since 1423) Allies of

748-572: Is also unclear in its origin, either being derived from the German word Igel as the first theory suggests, or from the Slavic word jehla (i.e. 'needle'), referring to sharp stones in the Jihlava river bed. Jihlava is located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) southeast of Prague and 75 km (47 mi) northwest of Brno . The city is situated on the historical border between Moravia and Bohemia ; most of

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816-454: Is made up of 17 administrative parts: The origin of the Jihlava's name ( Iglau in German) is unclear. The most common theory has it derived from the German word Igel , meaning 'hedgehog', usually in reference to the city's coat of arms. However, the name was in use since before the symbol of a hedgehog was. It is more likely the city is named for the river that flows through it, the name of which

884-457: Is served by four train stations: Jihlava , Jihlava město , Jihlava-Staré Hory and Jihlava-Bosch Diesel . Intra-city transport is provided by the company Dopravní podnik města Jihlavy a.s., which is owned by the city of Jihlava. In addition to buses, trolleybuses also provide intra-city transport. Trolleybus service was started in 1948. There are 6 trolleybus lines in operation with a total length of 38.9 km (24.2 mi). In 2004,

952-693: Is the Church of Saint John the Baptist. It was founded around 1200 together with the original village on the left bank of the Jihlava River. It was rebuilt several times, its current appearance is a result of Baroque reconstruction from the late 18th century. The Friars Minor Church of the Ascension of the Virgin Mary was built after 1250. Today the originally Gothic church has a Baroque appearance. Since 1784, it has been

1020-409: The 1st Czech Republic Hockey League (second tier). Thanks to its building development, Gothic , Renaissance and Baroque buildings are located next to each other in Jihlava. The historic centre is formed by Masarykovo Square and its surroundings. In the past it was delimited by walls, some of which have been preserved to this day. The zwinger was modified into a park. The only surviving gate of

1088-670: The College of Polytechnics Jihlava was founded. In 2022, it had more than 2,100 students. Since 1997, the Jihlava International Documentary Film Festival has been held in Jihlava every year. The city's football club is FC Vysočina Jihlava . The club plays mostly in the Czech National Football League (second tier). The local ice hockey club, HC Dukla Jihlava , was successful between 1966 and 1991, however in recent decades it plays mostly in

1156-643: The Jihlava Hospital and the Jihlava Psychiatric Hospital. The Jihlava agglomeration was defined as a tool for drawing money from the European Structural and Investment Funds . It is an area that includes the city and its surroundings, linked to the city by commuting and migration. It has about 98,000 inhabitants. The D1 motorway (part of the European routes E50 and E65 ) runs through

1224-612: The Papacy , and European monarchs loyal to the Catholic Church , as well as various Hussite factions. At a late stage of the conflict, the Utraquists changed sides in 1432 to fight alongside Roman Catholics and opposed the Taborites and other Hussite spin-offs. These wars lasted from 1419 to approximately 1434. The unrest began after pre-Protestant Christian reformer Jan Hus was executed by

1292-726: The Polish–Hussite invasion of Prussia : Supporters: In the Holy Land (1095–1291) Later Crusades (1291–1717) Northern (1147–1410) Against Christians (1204–1588) Popular (1096–1320) The Hussite Wars , also called the Bohemian Wars or the Hussite Revolution , were a series of civil wars fought between the Hussites and the combined Catholic forces of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund ,

1360-666: The Bohemian estates. In 1523, a large fire severely damaged the city, which was subsequently restored in the Renaissance style. During the Thirty Years' War , Jihlava was twice captured by the Swedish troops . The suburbs were burned, most of the houses were demolished, and the city significantly depopulated. Jihlava recovered only after more than 100 years. The city was restored in the Baroque style and began to develop again. In 1742, it fell into

1428-521: The Catholic Church in 1415 for heresy . Because King Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia had plans to be crowned the Holy Roman Emperor (requiring papal coronation ), he suppressed the religion of the Hussites, yet it continued to spread. When King Wenceslaus IV died of natural causes a few years later, the tension stemming from the Hussites grew stronger. In Prague and various other parts of Bohemia,

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1496-496: The Catholic Germans living there were forced out. Wenceslaus's brother, Sigismund , who had inherited the throne, was outraged by the spread of Hussitism. He received permission from the pope to launch a crusade against the Hussites, and large numbers of crusaders came from all over Europe to fight. They made early advances, forcing the Hussites back and taking Prague. However, the Hussites reorganized and took back nearly all

1564-443: The Council that Hus was a heretic. He sent threatening letters to Bohemia declaring that he would shortly drown all Wycliffites and Hussites, greatly incensing the people. Disorder broke out in various parts of Bohemia and drove many Catholic priests from their parishes. Almost from the beginning, the Hussites were divided into two main groups, though many minor divisions also arose among them. Shortly before his death, Hus had accepted

1632-527: The Czechs, Germany was having internal conflicts and could not muster up a sufficient force to battle the Hussites, and the king of Denmark left the Czech border to go back to his home. As the conflicts went on, the Hussites also made raids into German territory. The wars eventually ended in 1434 when the moderate Utraquist faction of the Hussites defeated the radical Taborite faction. The Hussites agreed to submit to

1700-646: The Germans demanded the annexation of the German language island to Austria. But the Austrian parliament itself rejected their request, so they had to adapt. In the 1920 election, German parties won a majority. The relatively peaceful coexistence of the Czech and German-speaking inhabitants that lasted for hundreds of years ended with the nationalism caused by the Sudeten German Party of Konrad Henlein , which raised in 1933. The Jewish synagogue, built in 1862–1863,

1768-511: The Great from the 13th century is one of the symbols of Jihlava. The Chapel of Our Lady of Sorrows was added to the church in 1702. In 1725, the church became a parish church. It has two towers, 63 metres (207 ft) and 54 metres (177 ft) high. The higher tower is open to the public as a lookout tower. The bell in the belltower called Zuzana is the second largest bell in Moravia. The oldest church

1836-482: The Hussite breakthrough of Catholic encirclement at Vladař Hill  [ cs ] in November 1421 at the Battle of Žlutice  [ cs ] . The wagons and firearms were used on the move, at this point still only defensively. Žižka avoided the main camp of the enemy and employed the moving wagon forts in order to cover his retreating troops. The first true engagement where firearms played primary role happened

1904-421: The Hussite revolt started in 1419, the Hussite militias heavily depended on converted farm equipment and weapons looted from castle and town armories, including early firearms. Hussite militia comprised mostly commoners without prior military experience and included both men and women. Use of crossbows and firearms became critical as those weapons didn't require extensive training, nor did their effectiveness rely on

1972-462: The Hussite tactical use of wagon forts and firearms was defensive. The wagon's wall was stationary, and firearms were used to break the initial charge of the enemy. After this, firearms played an auxiliary role, supporting mainly cold weapons-based defense at the level of the wagon wall. Counterattacks were done by cold weapons-armed infantry and cavalry charges outside of the wagon forts. The first mobile use of war wagons and firearms took place during

2040-417: The Hussites included hákovnice  [ cs ] , an infantry weapon heavier than píšťala and tarasnice ( fauconneau ). As regards cannons, apart from houfnice, Hussites employed bombarda ( mortar ) and dělo ( cannon ). After the death of his childless brother Wenceslaus, Sigismund inherited a claim on the Bohemian crown, though it was then, and remained until much later, in question whether Bohemia

2108-504: The Pope—were expelled from the Bohemian cities. Wenceslaus's widow Sophia of Bavaria , acting as regent in Bohemia, hurriedly collected a force of mercenaries and tried to gain control of Prague, which led to severe fighting. After a considerable part of the city had been damaged or destroyed, the parties declared a truce on 13 November. The nobles, sympathetic to the Hussite cause, but supporting

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2176-441: The ambition of agitators. On 9 March 1422, Jan Želivský was arrested by the town council of Prague and beheaded. There were troubles at Tábor also, where a more radical party opposed Žižka's authority. The Hussites were aided at various times by Poland . Because of this, Jan Žižka arranged for the crown of Bohemia to be offered to King Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland, who, under pressure from his own advisors, refused it. The crown

2244-594: The authority of the king of Bohemia and the Roman Catholic Church and were allowed to practice their somewhat variant rite. The Hussite community included much of the Czech population of the Kingdom of Bohemia and formed a major spontaneous military power. The Hussite Wars were notable for the extensive use of early handheld firearms such as hand cannons and wagon forts by the Hussites. Starting around 1402, priest and scholar Jan Hus denounced what he judged as

2312-847: The ceremony of the Roman Catholic Church. The ecclesiastical organization of Tabor had a somewhat puritanical character, and the government was established on a thoroughly democratic basis. Four captains of the people ( hejtmané ) were elected, one of whom was Žižka, and a very strict military discipline was instituted. Late 14th and early 15th century saw gradually increasing use of firearms in siege operations both by defenders and attackers. Weight, lack of accuracy and cumbersome use of early types limited their employment to static operations and prevented wider use in open battlefield or by civilian individuals. Nevertheless, lack of guild monopolies and low training requirements led to their relatively low price. This together with high effectiveness against armour led to their popularity for castle and town defenses. When

2380-706: The city lies in Moravia. Jihlava lies on the Jihlava River, at its confluence with the Jihlávka Stream. The municipal territory is rich in small fishponds. Jihlava is located in the heart of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands . The northern part of the territory lies in the Upper Sázava Hills and the southern part lies in the Křižanov Highlands . The highest point is the hill Popický vrch with an elevation of 682 metres (2,238 ft), located on

2448-454: The city square in emulation of others in Prague . Today there is a memorial plaque to him. On 6 June 1991, after the collapse of centrally-planned socialist economy, the first ever supermarket in now-capitalist Czechoslovakia opened in Jihlava. The industry in Jihlava is mainly focused on the production of machines and components for the automotive industry. The largest company based in the city

2516-447: The city, the crusaders retreated somewhat ingloriously on hearing that the Hussite troops were approaching. Sigismund only arrived in Bohemia at the end of 1421. He took possession of the town of Kutná Hora but was decisively defeated by Jan Žižka at the Battle of Německý Brod on 6 January 1422. Bohemia was for a time free from foreign intervention, but internal discord again broke out, caused partly by theological strife and partly by

2584-455: The corruption of the church and the papacy, and he promoted some of the reformist ideas of English theologian John Wycliffe . His preaching was widely heeded in Bohemia, and provoked suppression by the church, which had declared many of Wycliffe's ideas heretical. In 1411, in the course of the Western Schism , " Antipope " John XXIII proclaimed a "crusade" against King Ladislaus of Naples ,

2652-599: The doctrine of Utraquism preached during his absence by his adherents at Prague: the obligation of the faithful to receive communion in both kinds, bread and wine ( sub utraque specie ). This doctrine became the watchword of the moderate Hussites known as the Utraquists or Calixtines, from the Latin calix (the chalice), in Czech Kališníci (from kalich ). The more extreme Hussites became known as Taborites ( Táborité ), after

2720-452: The end of October 1420 the garrison was on the point of capitulating through famine. Sigismund tried to relieve the fortress but was decisively defeated by the Hussites on 1 November near the village of Pankrác . The castles of Vyšehrad and Hradčany now capitulated, and shortly afterwards, almost all Bohemia fell into the hands of the Hussites. Internal troubles prevented the followers of Hus from fully capitalizing on their victory. At Prague,

2788-454: The enemy's cavalry charge. The main weight of the fighting rested on militiamen armed with cold weapons, but firearms shooting from behind the safety of the wagon forts proved to be very effective. Following this experience, Žižka ordered mass manufacturing of war wagons according to a universal template as well as manufacturing of new types of firearms that would be more suitable for use in the open battlefield. Throughout 1420 and most of 1421,

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2856-456: The enemy's main camp. The attack was conducted by using a gradually moving wagon wall. Instead of the usual infantry raids beyond the wagons, the attack relied mainly on the use of ranged weapons from the moving wagons. Nighttime use of firearms proved extremely effective, not only practically but also psychologically. The year 1421 marked not only a shift in the importance of firearms, from auxiliary to primary weapons of Hussite militia, but also

2924-482: The essence of the Hussite doctrine, were rejected by King Sigismund, mainly through the influence of the papal legates , who considered them prejudicial to the authority of the pope. Hostilities therefore continued. However, Sigismund was defeated at the Battle of Vítkov Hill on July 1420. Though Sigismund had retired from Prague, his troops held the castles of Vyšehrad and Hradčany . The citizens of Prague laid siege to Vyšehrad (see Battle of Vyšehrad ), and towards

2992-500: The establishment of the Čáslav diet of formal legal duty for all inhabitants to obey the call to arms of the elected provisional government. For the first time in medieval European history, this was not put in place in order to fulfill duties to a feudal lord or to the church, but in order to participate in the defense of the country. Firearms design underwent fast development during the Hussite Wars, and their civilian possession became

3060-462: The first pitched battle of the Hussite Wars. After Sudoměř, he moved to Ústí, one of the earliest meeting places of the Hussites. Not considering its situation sufficiently strong, he moved to the neighboring new settlement of the Hussites, called by the biblical name of Tábor . Tábor soon became the center of the most militant Hussites, who differed from the Utraquists by recognizing only two sacraments— Baptism and Communion —and by rejecting most of

3128-513: The five is the Gate of the Holy Mother. The square is the third largest city square in the country with an area of 36,653 square metres (394,530 sq ft). In the middle of the square is a plague column from 1690 and two fountains from 1797. The landmarks of the square are the city hall and Church of Saint Ignatius of Loyola. The city hall with Gothic core has served its purpose since 1425. It

3196-617: The hands of the Prussians , and in December 1805 the Bavarians under Karl Philipp von Wrede were defeated near the city. In the second half of the 18th century, Jihlava was the second largest producer of cloth in the Austrian Empire . At that time the city expanded beyond the city walls. The city gates with narrow passages were demolished at the beginning of the 19th century, and the façades of

3264-521: The houses were remodeled in the Neoclassical style. From an ethnic point of view, the city was half-German (about 54% in 1921) and half-Czech, but mostly German was spoken here. The city and its surroundings constituted a German-speaking enclave within Czech-speaking Bohemia and Moravia , so-called Jihlava language island . After World War I and the establishment of Czechoslovakia ,

3332-538: The kingdom of Bohemia freely and in an orderly manner by the priests of the Lord. 2. The sacrament of the most Holy Eucharist shall be freely administered in the two kinds, that is bread and wine, to all the faithful in Christ who are not precluded by mortal sin – according to the word and disposition of Our Saviour. 3. The secular power over riches and worldly goods which the clergy possesses in contradiction to Christ's precept, to

3400-443: The land they had lost, resulting in the failure of the crusade. After the reins of the Hussite army were handed over to yeoman Jan Žižka , internal strife followed. Seeing that the Hussites were weakened, the Germans undertook another crusade but were defeated by Žižka at the Battle of Německý Brod . Three more crusades were attempted by the papacy , but none achieved their objectives. The Lithuanians and Poles did not wish to attack

3468-485: The most powerful cities in the kingdom. It was protected by a massive fortification and coins were minted here. It became the first city in Central Europe where mining law was codified. Mining attracted settlers from Bavaria , Saxony and other German-speaking regions to the city. Gradually a large German-speaking community was established here. At the end of the 14th century, the importance of mining declined when

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3536-495: The northern part of the territory of Jihlava and thus the city has excellent road connection with other regions of the Czech Republic. The I/38 road (the section from Znojmo to Havlíčkův Brod , part of the European route E59 ) passes through the city proper. Jihlava is the terminus and starting point of the railway lines from/to Brno , Třebíč and Tábor . It also lies on the line Havlíčkův Brod– Slavonice . The territory of Jihlava

3604-449: The operator's physical strength. Firearms were first used in the field as a provisional last resort together with wagon forts. Significantly outnumbered Hussite militia led by Jan Žižka repulsed surprise assaults by heavy cavalry during the Battle of Nekmíř in December 1419 and the Battle of Sudoměř in March 1420. In these battles, Žižka employed transport carriages as wagon forts to stop

3672-487: The prejudice of its office and to the detriment of the secular arm, shall be taken and withdrawn from it, and the clergy itself shall be brought back to the evangelical rule and an apostolic life such as that which Christ and his apostles led. 4. All mortal sins, and in particular all public and other disorders, which are contrary to God's law shall in every rank of life be duly and judiciously prohibited and destroyed by those whose office it is. These articles, which contain

3740-514: The protector of rival Pope Gregory XII . To raise money for this, he proclaimed indulgences in Bohemia. Hus bitterly denounced this and explicitly quoted Wycliffe against it, provoking further complaints of heresy but winning much support in Bohemia. In 1414, Sigismund of Hungary convened the Council of Constance to end the Schism and resolve other religious controversies. Hus went to the Council, under

3808-453: The regent, promised to act as mediators with Sigismund, while the citizens of Prague consented to restore to the royal forces the castle of Vyšehrad , which had fallen into their hands. Žižka, who disapproved of this compromise, left Prague and retired to Plzeň . Unable to maintain himself there he marched to southern Bohemia. He defeated the Catholics at the Battle of Sudoměř (25 March 1420),

3876-567: The richest deposits were mined, and Jihlava instead became a centre of trade and crafts, especially cloth making. In the era of the Hussite Wars , Jihlava remained a Catholic stronghold and managed to resist a number of sieges. On 5 July 1436, a treaty was made with the Hussites here, whereby the Emperor Sigismund was acknowledged king of Bohemia. A marble relief near the city marks the spot where Ferdinand I , in 1527, swore fidelity to

3944-422: The southern municipal border. Jihlava was originally a Slavic market village with a small Church of Saint John the Baptist, established on a trade route around 1200. The first written mention of Jihlava is from 1233. The mining of silver began here in 1234 and the royal mining town was established between 1233 and 1240. Jihlava thus became the oldest mining town in what is today the Czech Republic. The village

4012-412: The town of Tábor , which became their centre; or Orphans ( Sirotci ), a name they adopted after the death of their leader and general Jan Žižka. Under the influence of Sigismund, Wenceslaus endeavoured to stem the Hussite movement. A number of Hussites led by Mikuláš of Hus left Prague. They held meetings in various parts of Bohemia, particularly at Sezimovo Ústí , near the spot where the town of Tábor

4080-583: The windows into the street (the first " Defenestration of Prague "), where several were killed by the fall, after a rock was allegedly thrown from the town hall and hit Želivský. It has been suggested that Wenceslaus was so stunned by the defenestration that it caused his death on 16 August 1419. Alternatively, it is possible that he may have just died of natural causes. The death of Wenceslaus resulted in renewed troubles in Prague and in almost all parts of Bohemia. Many Catholics, mostly Germans—mostly still faithful to

4148-469: Was a hereditary or an elective monarchy, especially since the line through which Sigismund claimed the throne had accepted that the Kingdom of Bohemia was an elective monarchy elected by the nobles, and thus, the regent of the kingdom (Čeněk of Wartenberg) also explicitly stated that Sigismund had not been elected as a reason for Sigismund's claim to not be accepted. A firm adherent of the Church of Rome, Sigismund

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4216-454: Was aided by Pope Martin V , who issued a bull on 17 March 1420 proclaiming a crusade "for the destruction of the Wycliffites, Hussites and all other heretics in Bohemia". Sigismund and many German princes arrived before Prague on 30 June at the head of a vast army of crusaders from all parts of Europe, largely consisting of adventurers attracted by the hope of pillage. They immediately began

4284-622: Was burnt down in 1939. Most of Jihlava's Jewish population, which numbered over 1,000 people, was deported and killed due to the Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia . After the end of World War II, starting from 9 May 1945, German-speakers were banned from using public transportation and were ordered to carry white armbands identifying them as Germans. Following the Beneš decrees , most of the German-speakers were expelled . Between 1950 and 1952, Jihlava

4352-412: Was founded soon afterwards. At these meetings, they violently denounced Sigismund, and the people everywhere prepared for war. In spite of the departure of many prominent Hussites, the troubles at Prague continued. On 30 July 1419, a Hussite procession headed by the priest Jan Želivský attacked New Town Hall in Prague and threw the king's representatives, the burgomaster, and some town councillors from

4420-432: Was originally located on the left bank of the river Jihlava, but with the expansion of mining and the influx of inhabitants, the town spread to the right bank, where its historic centre was established. The regular plan of the rectangular network of streets with a large square in the middle was given by the building regulations of King Ottokar II from 1270. Royal privileges guaranteed prosperity and Jihlava soon became one of

4488-441: Was rebuilt and extended several times. In the mid-16th century, a turret with clock was added, a Gothic hall was established and the façade was decorated by a large Renaissance fresco. In 1786, the second floor was added, the fresco was overlayed by new façade, and the large Gothic hall was split in half by the wall. Jihlava Zoo was founded in 1982. It breeds about 250 species of animals. The early Gothic Church of Saint James

4556-522: Was the site of several show trials of Communist Party of Czechoslovakia , which were directed against the influence of the Catholic Church on the rural population. In the processes eleven death sentences were passed. All the convicted persons were rehabilitated after the Velvet Revolution . In 1969, in protest against the normalization in Czechoslovakia , Evžen Plocek set himself on fire on

4624-404: Was then offered to Władysław's cousin, Vytautas , the Grand Duke of Lithuania . Vytautas accepted it, with the condition that the Hussites reunite with the Catholic Church. In 1422, Žižka accepted Prince Sigismund Korybut of Lithuania (nephew of Władysław II) as regent of Bohemia for Vytautas. His authority was recognized by the Utraquist nobles, the citizens of Prague, and the more moderate of

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