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63-671: Léogâne ( Haitian Creole : Leyogàn ) is one of the coastal communes in Haiti . It is located in the eponymous Léogâne Arrondissement , which is part of the Ouest Department . The port town is located about 30 km (19 mi) west of the Haitian capital, Port-au-Prince . Léogâne has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts , music , literature , cuisine , and architecture . It also holds importance for archaeological and historical sites such as Fort Campan . The town

126-629: A being full service healthcare institution. Since 2005 (before the 12 January 2010 earthquake ) the city has had an Episcopalian nursing school, Faculté des Sciences Infirmières de l'Université Épiscopale d'Haïti à Léogâne . A new Catholic school, "Notre Dame des Anges", run by the Jesuits (the Society of Jesus ), and made possible by money sent from the Vatican, was dedicated by Catholic and government officials on Thursday, 27 November 2014, about five years after

189-535: A destination for adventure tourism . Each year thousands of people from all over the country make religious pilgrimages to Léogâne to visit the many patron Saints in the area. No other place in Haiti houses more religious pilgrimages sites than Léogâne, from Saint Dominique to Saints André, Antoine, Gérard, Philogène, and Saintes Thérèse and Rose. Léogâne is the host location for several annual cultural events which attract thousands of national and international visitors to

252-519: A field hospital which began full operation in late February 2010 as the new Hospital St. Croix . World Wide Village and the University of Notre Dame continued to send teams to the nursing school and field hospital to meet ongoing health care needs in Léogâne. The NGOs Heart to Heart International and Médecins Sans Frontières provided medical aid at clinical sites in the area. As Léogâne has no airport,

315-789: A form of dance, and sometimes a technique of political protest . The town of Léogâne is best known for its Rara but the festival is practiced all over Haiti and is different from region to region. Local Rara societies form musical parading bands that walk for miles through local territory, attracting fans and singing old and new songs. Rara bands often stop at crossroads, the homes of community leaders and important religious spots—cemeteries for example, where they salute their ancestors. Musicians play drums, sing, and sound bamboo horns and tin trumpets. The typical Rara orchestra consists of drums followed by bamboo instruments called bamboo or vaccine, some metal horns called konet , and then several waves of percussion players with small, hand-held instruments like

378-451: A hospital. On 27 February 2010, 190 South Korean Peacekeepers left home for deployment in Léogâne and by February 28, 2010, 240 members of South Korean Peacekeepers ( Task Force Danbi / Operation Danbi) had arrived. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization started a "cash-for-work" program to clear irrigation canals in the Léogâne area. By February 9, 2010, the US 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit

441-460: A lagoon. Despite the abundance of water in the region, only three communal sections are irrigable: Dessources, Petite-Rivière and Grande-Rivière. These sections are crossed by several rivers and streams, some more important than others. The Momance River in Grande-Rivière , for example, is the most significant river in Léogâne, because it is widely used for irrigation purposes. This river also has

504-664: A market exceeding two million potential customers, excluding the five hundred thousand people living in the Region Des Palmes or palm tree region. The abundant labor force constitutes another important production factor in Léogâne. The region's population consists of more than 55% young adults who are willing and able to work. Léogâne has the capacity for 100,000 active farmers to enter the labor market, excluding prospective workers coming from neighboring municipalities. Léogâne has many tourist attractions including renovated historical sites such as Fort Campan, Latounèl Gwoso, and one of

567-490: A military officer stationed in Léogâne. He resigned from the military, refusing to surrender to the U.S. troops without a fight. Afterwards, he returned to his native town of Hinche and began leading the Cacos against the occupation forces. Léogâne was at the epicenter of the 7.0 magnitude 12 January 2010 earthquake and a United Nations assessment team that investigated three main towns near Port-au-Prince found that Léogâne

630-484: A particular audience's needs. Technical communicators may need to translate, globalize, or localize their documents to meet the needs of audiences in different linguistic and cultural markets. Globalization involves producing technical content that meets the needs of "as many audiences as possible," ideally an international audience. Localization adapts existing technical content to fit the "cultural, rhetorical, educational, ethical, [and] legal" expectations of users in

693-633: A particular audience, a technical communicator must consider what qualities make a text useful (capable of supporting a meaningful task) and usable (capable of being used in service of that task). A non-technical audience might misunderstand or not even read a document that is heavy with jargon—while a technical audience might crave detail critical to their work such as vector notation . Busy audiences often don't have time to read entire documents, so content must be organized for ease of searching—for example by frequent headings , white space , and other cues that guide attention . Other requirements vary according to

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756-516: A particular purpose—typically to communicate ideas and concepts to an audience, or instruct an audience in a particular task. Technical communication professionals use various techniques to understand the audience and, when possible, test content on the target audience. For example, if bank workers don't properly post deposits, a technical communicator would review existing instructional material (or lack thereof), interview bank workers to identify conceptual errors, interview subject matter experts to learn

819-832: A specific local context. Technical communication, in the government, is particular and detailed. Depending on the segment of government (and country), the government component must follow distinct specifications. Information changes continuously and technical communications (technical manuals, interactive electronic technical manuals, technical bulletins, etc.) must be updated. Technical communicators must collect all information that each document requires. They may collect information through primary (first-hand) research—or secondary research, using information from existing work by other authors. Technical communicators must acknowledge all sources they use to produce their work. To this end, technical communicators typically distinguish quotations, paraphrases, and summaries when taking notes. Before writing

882-519: A technical editor or technical writer), who edits, formats, and sometimes elaborates the document in order to make the marketing professional's expert assessment usable to the sales manager. The process is not one of knowledge transfer, but the accommodation of knowledge across fields of expertise and contexts of use. This is the basic definition of technical communication. Audience type affects many aspects of communication, from word selection and graphics use to style and organization. Most often, to address

945-475: A topic sentence that states the paragraph's topic, followed by the topic, and finally, a concluding sentence. Once the initial draft is laid out, editing and revising can be done to fine-tune the draft into a final copy. Usability testing can be helpful to evaluate how well the writing and/or design meets the needs of end-users and to suggest improvements [ ] Four tasks transform the early draft into its final form, suggested by Pfeiffer and Boogard: In this step,

1008-457: A wide range of audiences and experiences. The User Experience Professionals Association defines user experience , or UX, as "Every aspect of the user's interaction with a product, service, or company that make up the user's perception of the whole." Therefore, "user experience design as a discipline is concerned with all the elements that together make up that interface, including layout, visual design, text, brand, sound, and interaction." It

1071-455: Is a crop of vital importance to the entire national economy. It is one of the major cash crops for Léogâne's peasants living in the humid mountain areas considered ecologically strategic for the country. Nearly 200,000 households at the national level are engaged in coffee growing with at least 20% of their annual income derived from coffee, providing them with cash income for family expenses including education, health, and investing in cattle and

1134-532: Is bounded to the north by the Gulf of Gonâve , to the east by the commune of Gressier , to the south by the summit of the Massif de la Selle which separates it from the south-east (Jacmel), and to the west by the commune of Grand-Goâve . Léogâne is a commune with widely diverse microclimates. The average temperature in Léogâne is warm and stays approximately the same throughout the year. Temperatures are almost always high in

1197-516: Is deployed across a wide range of interfaces and environments." Technical communication is a task performed by specialized employees or consultants. For example, a professional writer may work with a company to produce a user manual. Some companies give considerable technical communication responsibility to other technical professionals—such as programmers, engineers, and scientists. Often, a professional technical writer edits such work to bring it up to modern technical communication standards. To begin

1260-524: Is hosted by the Sainte Croix Hospital and, with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, assists the hospital in conducting a Ministry of Health-sanctioned reference center to research, treat and control the mosquito-borne disease lymphatic filariasis (also known as elephantiasis ). GOALS (Global Outreach and Love of Soccer) is a permanent sport-for-development organization in Léogâne which uses soccer to mobilize youth to improve health,

1323-528: Is now an expectation that technical communication skills should be coupled with UX design. As Verhulsdonck, Howard, and Tham state "...it is not enough to write good content. According to industry expectations, next to writing good content, it is now also crucial to design good experiences around that content." Technical communicators must now consider different platforms such as social media and apps, as well as different channels like web and mobile. As Redish explains, TPC no longer writes content but "writes around

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1386-496: Is practiced throughout the coastal areas. Aviculture and apiculture farms have been rapidly expanding in recent years. The Jean Léopold Dominique sugar mill in Darbonne produces surplus cane molasses, some of which is supplied to the smaller alcohol distilleries around the commune. The sugar mill has a production capacity of 375,000 metric tons of sugar; it also has the ability to produce 22 megawatts (MW) of electricity. Coffee

1449-694: Is used to convey scientific, engineering, or other technical information. Individuals in a variety of contexts and with varied professional credentials engage in technical communication. Some individuals are designated as technical communicators or technical writers as their primary role; for some others, the role is inherently part of their technical position (e.g., engineers). In either case, these individuals utilize appropriate skills to research, document, and present technical information as needed. Technical communicators may use modalities including paper documents, digital files, audio and video media, and live delivery. The Society for Technical Communication defines

1512-766: The European Association for Technical Communication published a competence framework for the professional field of technical communication. Much like technology and the world economy, technical communication as a profession has evolved over the last half-century. In a nutshell, technical communicators take the physiological research of a project and apply it to the communication process itself. Historically, Technical & Professional Communication (TPC) has been as an industry that practices writing and communication. However, recently User Experience (UX) Design has become more prominent in TPC as companies look to develop content for

1575-520: The Haitian Revolution , Jean-Jacques Dessalines ordered his men to burn the town to the ground to force out the last of the French colonists. Léogâne was also the birthplace of Marie-Claire Heureuse Félicité , an Empress of Haiti and wife of Haitian revolutionary Jean-Jacques Dessalines . Charlemagne Péralte , the leader of the Haitian resistance to the U.S. occupation that began in 1915, had been

1638-535: The passive voice ), second and third person as required Technical writing as a discipline usually requires that a technical writer use a style guide . These guides may relate to a specific project, product, company, or brand. They ensure that technical writing reflects formatting, punctuation, and general stylistic standards that the audience expects. In the United States, many consider the Chicago Manual of Style

1701-435: The writing process , has been a central focus of writing theory since the 1970s, and some contemporary textbook authors apply it to technical communication. Technical communication is important to most professions, as a way to contain and organize information and maintain accuracy. The technical writing process is based on Cicero's 5 canons of rhetoric , and can be divided into six steps: All technical communication serves

1764-594: The 12 January 2010 earthquake. Léogâne is home to five major league sports teams: the Léogâne Cycling Club (LCC), Cavaly Association Sportive Club (CASPORT), League Basketball Léogânaise (LBL), the Valencia Football Club (VFC), and the Anacaona Football Club (AFC). The Léogâne Cycling Club (LCC) came into being 15 December 2002 following a race that was organized in the region in which many of

1827-582: The 18th. The Canadian Medical Assistance Team (CMAT) arrived on the 19th, and set to work performing surgeries. The missionaries of World Wide Village set up outpatient clinics beside the Japanese Red Cross at the nursing school in Léogâne within days after the earthquake. Volunteer medical personal and teams of volunteer surgeons from World Wide Village and the University of Notre Dame examined and treated thousands of patients. World Wide Village set up

1890-568: The Canadians used the small strip at Jacmel to avoid the bottleneck in Port-au-Prince and had 250–300 personnel there the next day. The Canadian 1 Field Hospital was deployed to Léogâne. The Cuban military set up a field hospital in the region as well. Canadian soldiers provided security for food distribution points. The Canadian medical facility was located near the Japanese field hospital, which

1953-751: The Concacaf Competitions of Clubs in 2009 and several of its former players have secured professional contracts in Asia, Europe, Latin America, and the United States. The Valencia Football Club (VFC) is a Haitian professional soccer club located in Léogâne. The club plays in Haiti's top national league, the Ligue Haïtienne . Valencia FC was founded on June 27, 1972. The club won its first national championship in 2012 and several of its former players have secured professional contracts in Asia, Europe, Latin America, and

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2016-599: The French court appointed Jean-Baptiste du Casse to succeed Pierre-Paul Tarin de Cussy as governor of Saint-Domingue after he was killed in the Battle of Sabana Real . It was during this time that du Casse had renamed the area Léogâne , with traces of the Taino name Yaguana , as were other names of places that were maintained by the Spanish and transmitted over to the French administration. The French secured legal access to one-third of

2079-580: The United States. Johanniter International built top of the bill rehabilitation center in Léogâne, which was donated to the Seventh Day Adventist Hospital, and six community clinics in the region of Léogâne. They trained more than 30,000 villagers in disaster reduction and preparation. Deep Springs International (sponsor of Gadyen Dlo) and the Children's Nutrition Program are based in Léogâne. The University of Notre Dame of Indiana, U.S.,

2142-402: The agricultural sector. Construction enterprises are emerging at such an alarming rate that many territories that were once occupied by crops are now restricted to concrete. Two other sub-sectors occupy a statistically relevant role in the economy; transportation and private schools. Proximity to the metropolitan area of Port-au-Prince is also of economic significance to Léogâne. It constitutes

2205-433: The body is drafted. The ABC ( a bstract, b ody, and c onclusion) format can be used when writing a first draft of some document types. The abstract describes the subject so that the reader knows what the document covers. The body is the majority of the document and covers topics in depth. Lastly, the conclusion section restates the document's main topics. The ABC format can also apply to individual paragraphs—beginning with

2268-536: The capital. As the municipal buildings were destroyed, city hall was moved to a telecommunications building. Among the facilities destroyed in the quake was the Sainte Rose de Lima School, considered the emotional heart of the city. Buildings on the main commercial strip or Grand Rue , the Saint Croix Hospital , and the tribunal de paix ("court of the peace") building were all destroyed or heavily damaged by

2331-506: The city each year, notably Rara and Fête Champêtre. Léogâne is the bastion of Rara , a rural festival that is one of the most popular cultural events of Haitian origin, dating to colonial times. The boisterous Rara season starts with the Carnival and keeps going through Lent, culminating in Easter week. The phenomenon of Rara is at once a season, a festival , a genre of music, a religious ritual,

2394-482: The city. The centerpiece of the city was the now-destroyed Roman Catholic Sainte Rose de Lima Church. Prior to the earthquake, there was a hospital run by the Episcopalian Diocese, with Presbyterian missionary collaboration; Hopital Sainte-Croix (Holy Cross). The hospital had closed to inpatients two years previously, and although it had continued with a variety of outpatient services, it is since restored to

2457-458: The construction of houses. Tombe Gateau Léogâne is home to the largest coffee mill in Haiti which serves the Southeast region, Center, Artibonite, and Grande-Anse. The Federation of Native Coffee Associations (FACN), is the owner of the trademark "Haitian Bleu", a blend of coffee beans. The production of building materials plays an important role in the local economy and is in fierce competition with

2520-412: The correct procedures, author new material that instructs workers in the correct procedures, and test the new material on the bank workers. Similarly, a sales manager who wonders which of two sites is better for a new store might ask a marketing professional to study the sites and write a report with recommendations. The marketing professional hands the report off to a technical communicator (in this case,

2583-415: The documentation process, technical communicators identify the audience and their information needs. The technical communicator researches and structures the content into a framework that can guide detailed development. As the body of information comes together, the technical communicator ensures that the intended audience can understand the content and retrieve the information they need. This process, known as

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2646-616: The earthquake. British urban search and rescue teams with Rapid-UK along with the Icelandic search and rescue team were the first to reach the destroyed town on January 17, 2010. The Canadian destroyer HMCS  Athabaskan reached the area on Tuesday, 19 January. The Athabaskan 's crew of 280 were tasked with supplying humanitarian aid to the city and assisting in relief efforts. A Japanese field hospital , Sri Lankan peacekeeper unit, and an Argentine White Helmets field hospital treated survivors, The Japanese and Argentinians arrived on

2709-627: The environment and local leadership. La Faculté des Sciences Infirmières de l'Université Épiscopale d'Haïti à Léogâne (FSIL) is a nursing school located in Léogâne. Haitian Creole language Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 827425531 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Fri, 29 Nov 2024 08:27:53 GMT Technical communication Technical communication

2772-580: The field as any form of communication that focuses on technical or specialized topics, communicates specifically by using technology, or provides instructions on how to do something. More succinctly, the Institute of Scientific and Technical Communicators defines technical communication as factual communication, usually about products and services. The European Association for Technical Communication briefly defines technical communication as "the process of defining, creating and delivering information products for

2835-417: The initial draft, the technical communicator organizes ideas in a way that makes the document flow well. Once each idea is organized, the writer organizes the document as a whole—accomplishing this task in various ways: After organizing the whole document, the writer typically creates a final outline that shows the document's structure. Outlines make the writing process easier and save the author time. After

2898-446: The interface" itself as the user experience surrounding content is developed. This includes usable content customized to specific user needs, that addresses user emotions, feelings, and thoughts across different channels in a UX ecology. Lauer and Brumberger further assert, "…UX is a natural extension of the work that technical communicators already do, especially in the modern technological context of responsive design, in which content

2961-530: The island from the Spanish crown by the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697 and established a city. The town was destroyed in an earthquake in 1770 . In 1791 and 1792, Romaine-la-Prophétesse , who owned a plantation outside Léogâne (in what is now the Fondwa area) and had been influential in the local community, led rebels in taking control of the town and destroying many nearby plantations and freeing their slaves. In 1803, later in

3024-951: The lowland areas, ranging from 15 °C to 25 °C in the winter and from 25 °C to 30 °C during the summer. The lowland portion is relatively warm throughout the year; the dry mountains have moderate temperatures; the humid mountainous areas have very mild temperatures and fairly high humidity all year round. The annual rainfall is between 800 millimeters to 1277 millimeters. The dry mountains in Léogâne receive less than 800 millimeters of rain annually. The areas in this group include Fond de Boudin , Palmiste à Vin , Gros Morne , Cormiers , Petit-Harpon , and Citronnier . The humid mountains in Léogâne receive more than 800 millimeters of rainfall yearly. This areas in this group include Orangers , Aux-Parques , Beauséjour , and Fond d’Oie . The commune of Léogâne has six rivers ( Rouyonne , Momance , Cormier , Ravine Seche , Haut-Saut , and Courbyon , in addition to nineteen streams, two ponds and

3087-459: The maraca, and finally a chorus of singers. Rara has evolved into an important contributor to the local economy. Rara season attracts positive media attention and stimulates commercial activity that generates significant revenue for the cultural, tourism, and hospitality industries by drawing many visitors to Léogâne. The net result has been the growth of rara-driven festival tourism that has created an alternative and sustainable source of revenue for

3150-478: The most ancient windmills in the western hemisphere, located in Baussan . Léogâne is also a home to thousands of local plants and natural species and the best way to explore the exotic flora and fauna in Léogâne is on foot. Ayiti (Haiti), which was the native name given to the entire island of Hispaniola to mean, "Land of high mountains", has many mountains. Ten of the thirteen communal sections of Léogâne are located in

3213-509: The mountains which cover an area of more than 25,000 acres. The rehabilitation of natural caves such as the grotto Belloc, Anacaona, and Fond d'Oie offers visitors a unique experience in Léogâne. Léogâne also has twenty-five kilometers of sandy beaches . Hiking is quite a popular activity in Léogâne among visitors and with the success of Mountain Bike Ayiti (MTB Ayiti), an event hosted by the Léogâne Cycling Club (LCC) in 2013, Léogâne has become

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3276-404: The outline is complete, the writer begins the first draft, following the outline's structure. Setting aside blocks of an hour or more, in a place free of distractions, helps the writer maintain a flow. Most writers prefer to wait until the draft is complete before any revising so they don't break their flow. Typically, the writer should start with the easiest section, and write the summary only after

3339-506: The participating cyclists weren't members of any particular club at the time. These athletes joined together to form the Léogâne Cycling Club and elected Jonas Ronald as the club's president. In 2013, the Léogâne Cycling Club and Mountain Bike Ayiti together hosted the first-ever International mountain bike competition in Haiti. The Cavaly Association Sportive Club (CASPORT) is a Haitian professional soccer club based in Léogâne. Founded May 10, 1975 in Léogâne, this club has represented Haiti in

3402-519: The potential to generate renewable energy via hydro-electricity. The economy in Léogâne remains predominately agricultural despite the challenges that are facing the sector in the commune. The sugarcane industry holds the largest share in the economy. The sugarcane industry is closely followed by the banana industry and then grains such as maize, sorghum and rice. Legumes and foodstuffs such as sweet potatoes , cassava , beans, and yams complete this chain. A significant amount of fishing and farming

3465-743: The safe, efficient and effective use of products (technical systems, software, services)". Whatever the definition of technical communication, the overarching goal of the practice is to create easily accessible information for a specific audience. Technical communicators generally tailor information to a specific audience, which may be subject matter experts, consumers, end-users, etc. Technical communicators often work collaboratively to create deliverables that include online help , user manuals , classroom training guides, computer-based training, white papers , government documents, industrial videos , reference cards , data sheets , journal articles , and patents. Technical domains can be of any kind, including

3528-672: The soft and hard sciences, high technology including computers and software, and consumer electronics . Technical communicators often work with a range of subject-matter experts (SMEs) on these projects. Technical communication jobs include the following: API writer , e-learning author , information architect , technical content developer , technical editor , technical illustrator , technical trainer , technical translator , technical writer , usability expert , user experience designer , and user interface designer . Other jobs available to technical communicators include digital strategist, marketing specialist, and content manager. In 2015,

3591-560: The writer revises the draft to elaborate on topics that need more attention, shorten other sections—and relocate certain paragraphs, sentences, or entire topics. Good style makes writing more interesting, appealing, and readable. In general, the personal writing style of the writer is not evident in technical writing. Modern technical writing style relies on attributes that contribute to clarity: headings, lists, graphics; generous white space, short sentences, present tense, simple nouns, active voice (though some scientific applications still use

3654-400: Was "the worst affected area" with 80 to 90% of buildings damaged and no remaining government infrastructure. Nearly every concrete structure was destroyed. The damage was also reported to be worse than in the capital. The military estimated that 20,000 to 30,000 people had died from the earthquake in Léogâne. People congregated in ad hoc squatter camps and relief took longer to reach Léogâne than

3717-456: Was at the epicenter of the 12 January 2010 earthquake and was catastrophically affected, with 80–90% of buildings damaged. This is because the country could not afford earthquake-proof buildings as it is very poor. At the time of the arrival of the Europeans in 1492, Yaguana—modern-day Léogâne—was the capital of Jaragua , one of the five chiefdoms on the island of Hispaniola . This province

3780-523: Was cordoned off by UN Peacekeepers to use as such a landing strip. The Korean government deployed 250 peacekeepers to the region in February, composed mostly of engineers, some medical troops, and marines for security. The mission comprised 120 military engineers, 22 medics and a 1,200 tonne freighter filled with supplies and equipment. By February 18, 2010, the Korean Peacekeepers had started building

3843-493: Was next to the nursing school, which has been turned into a hospital. Canada deployed the Van Doos infantry regiment to help with recovery efforts. Haitian Girl Guides and Boy Scouts also helped with crowd control at some food distribution points. With no airport in Léogâne, any aid needing to be airlifted in had to be carried by helicopter or through use of small planes on makeshift landing strips. The highway, Route 9, at Léogâne,

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3906-635: Was rotating out of Haiti, having been replaced by the US 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit , in their positions on USS  Bataan and Carrefour , Léogâne, Petit-Goâve , and Grand-Goâve . On March 2, 2010, the IFRC decongested a refugee camp by creating a second one out of the overflow. Once the victims of the earthquake were cared for, 1 Canadian Field Hospital began to treat patients with other serious illnesses. Many operations were performed on patients who traveled long distances to Léogâne for care. HMCS  Athabaskan 's mission ended on 10 March. Léogâne

3969-547: Was the last independent holdout during the Spanish conquest of Hispaniola until the Taíno queen Anacaona , who was born in the town, was captured and killed by the Spaniards in 1503. In 1592 the town was captured and burned by an English privateer fleet led by Christopher Newport . As the western part of the island was gradually settled by French buccaneers and filibusters , in 1691

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