Cyriacus ( Greek : Ἅγιος Κυριακός , romanized : Kyriakos , fl. 303 AD), sometimes Anglicized as Cyriac , according to Christian tradition, is a Christian martyr who was killed in the Diocletianic Persecution . He is one of twenty-seven saints, most of them martyrs, who bear this name, of whom only seven are honoured by a specific mention of their names in the Roman Martyrology .
24-579: Of the Saint Cyriacus who, together with Saints Largus and Smaragdus and others (of whom Crescentianus, Memmia and Juliana are mentioned in the Roman Martyrology), is venerated on 8 August, all that is known with certainty, apart from their names and the fact of their martyrdom, is that they were buried at the seventh milestone of the Via Ostiensis on that date. However, legend has it that Cyriacus
48-552: A Celtic origin term indicating a forest. The area is close to the Stura di Lanzo , a creek which flows west northwest of the city. The area around Cirié, since about the third century BC, was inhabited by the Salassi , a Celtic tribe settlement. Before the Roman rule, according to Polybius , this area was covered in thick forests, with very few glades, some small villages and sparse tracks linking
72-602: A better control of roads and adjacent areas. Castra were set up in the current neighbors of Ivrea , Turin and Cirié, where the soldiers could easily control access to the Lanzo valleys. The castrum stativum (permanent camp) in the Cirié area was called Castra Cerreti , deriving this name from the turkish oak ( Quercus Cerri ), an oak tree whose forests were abundant in the neighbors. In later years, it became known as Cerretum for short. The decumanus maximus (or via principalis ), of
96-543: A lay patron in the early centuries: "Cyriac" in Greek signifies simply "patron." This "titulus," to which a cardinal was assigned, whatever its claimed second- or third-century origins, existed certainly in the fifth century, when Marcianus was cardinal priest of the title of S. Ciriaco alle Terme di Diocleziano in 494, at the time of Pope Gelasius I . The titulus was suppressed in 1477 by Pope Sixtus IV in favor of Saints Ciro and Giulitta . In 1493, Pope Alexander VI restored
120-521: Is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont , located about 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest of Turin . Cirié borders the following municipalities: Nole , San Carlo Canavese , San Maurizio Canavese and Robassomero . Cirié, about 18 km northwest of Turin , is located at the end of the Lanzo valleys, close to a plateau called "Vauda",
144-786: Is venerated as one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers . It is claimed his relics were moved to Santa Maria in Via Lata in Rome, and the abbey of St Cyriaque in Altorf in Alsace . The Church of "Saint Cyriacus in the Baths of Diocletian" ( Latin : "Sanctus Ciriacus in Thermis Diocletiani" ), was dedicated to this martyr, a former titulus church. The "tituli" were commonly named after their patron, often
168-599: The Byzantine -era. On St Cyriacus' feast day, 8 August 1899, a category four hurricane made landfall on the island of Puerto Rico and was named after him. It was known as the Hurricane San Ciriaco . Via Ostiensis The Via Ostiensis ( Italian : via Ostiense ) was an important road in ancient Rome . It ran west 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the city of Rome to its important sea port of Ostia Antica , from which it took its name. The road began near
192-740: The Forum Boarium , ran between the Aventine Hill and the Tiber River along its left (eastern) bank, and left the city's Servian Walls through the Porta Trigemina . When the later Aurelian Walls were built, the road left the city through the Porta Ostiensis ( Porta San Paolo ). In the Late Roman Empire , trade suffered under an economic crisis, and Ostia declined as an important port. With
216-572: The 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum , reduced their celebration to a Commemoration . They are not included in the 1970 reformed Calendar of the Roman Rite liturgy, which was issued under the authority of Pope Paul VI, but, being included, all three, together with Memmia, Juliana and Smaragdus, in the Roman Martyrology , they are recognized saints of the Catholic Church . Saint Cyriacus
240-561: The Via del Mare. On its way to Ostia, the road passes by the important basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls . This article about an Ancient Roman building or structure is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Italian road or road transport-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ciri%C3%A9 Cirié ( Italian pronunciation: [tʃiˈrje] ; Piedmontese : Ciriè or Siriè )
264-542: The Western Roman Empire and the barbaric invasions , there are no further information on Cirié for almost a millennium: the next historical fact known is the occupation of Cirié's area by the Marquis of Montferrat in 1229. In 1296 Marguerite of Savoy married John I, Marquess of Montferrat , getting ruling rights over the territories of Caselle , Cirié and Lanzo. When her husband died prematurely, Marguerite moved into
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#1732863376057288-587: The accompanying growth of importance of the Via Portuensis from the time of Constantine onwards, that of the Via Ostiensis correspondingly decreased. There are the remains of at least one Roman bridge along the road, which is the Ponte presso Tor di Valle. Modern Via Ostiense follows a similar path to the old road, forming the main connection of Rome to Ostia (one of the quarters of Rome at present) together with
312-504: The ancient castrum roughly coincides with via Vittorio Emanuele II, the current main street. After the complete defeat of the Salassi and the peace treaties, the castrum rapidly became a main business crossroads and several houses, initially wooden then in bricks and stones, were built around the military camp. When Christianity expanded in the Roman Empire , Cirié picked up Cyriacus (martyrized in Rome in 303) as patron saint , due to
336-591: The few remains were completely scattered about 1900 when the square was "modernized". Some friezes, the only remains of the once powerful castle, are now preserved in the San Martino church. In 1576 the Savoy family exchanged the Cirié area for an access to the sea with the Doria Marquis of Genoa : Gian Gerolamo D'Oria established his residence in Cirié, starting the long dynasty (the D'Oria e del Maro di Cirié) which ruled
360-481: The great Castle of Cirié, a big fortress standing where nowadays is the piazza Castello. The coming of Marguerite to Cirié (1306), is celebrated with the Palio dei Borghi , a medieval festival held every two years with tournaments and games. Marguerite began great works in the castle, which rapidly became one of the most renowned mansions of the area, with nobles visiting from all over Europe. The many servants coming along with
384-569: The name of S. Ciriaco. The title was definitively suppressed in 1587 by Pope Sixtus V , who assigned a titulus of Sts Quirico e Giulitta to Cardinal Ferdinando de' Medici . St Cyriacus is the patron saint of the Italian city of Cirié . There were monasteries dedicated to St Cyriacus in the now destroyed Arab village of Majdal Yaba in Israel and the existing village of Al-Fasayil near Jericho . The residents of both these villages venerated him during
408-499: The nobles were hosted by the citizens of Cirié and Marguerite issued " patenti ", important acknowledgments of their service to the Marquess. Marguerite also cut taxes and commanded a weekly market to be held each Friday, a commercial venue which attracted many people and business from the neighbors. This market is still held today. The castle was destroyed during the French invasion of 1536 and
432-446: The probable origin of the village name as being related to the martyr (" Pedemontanis dicitur Cirié, fortasse a peculiari Incolarum erga Divum Cyriacum Martyrem cultu, cujus festum s.Idus Augusti inibi summa celebritate recolitur "). Roman presence in Cirié is testified by several Roman coins, shards of vases and funerary stele (preserved in the San Martino church). Starting from the Fall of
456-597: The settlements. In 143 BC, the Romans , led by consul Appius Claudius Pulcher (consul 143 BC) , moved against the tribes living in the Orco and Dora Baltea valleys, to open a way towards Elvetia and Gaul . The Romans thought of a fast victory, but the Celtic tribes fought back with such a strength that the legions had initially to retreat. For this reason, the Romans set up several camps, for
480-505: The similarity of his name with the ancient castrum denomination. The famous Il celebre Theatrum Statuum Sabaudiae (1682, a sort of guide of the Savoy territories) gives a long and detailed description of Cirié (" Septimo Taurinense ad Urbe lapide, Septentrionem versus, non longe ab Alpium Graiarum radicibus, occurrit Ciriacum Oppidum, insigne Marchionatus titulo, qui sub se S.Mauritium, Nolas & Robasomerium minora Oppida comprehendit ") and cites
504-408: The world have been named in honor of Saint Cyriacus at the Baths (of Diocletian). The Tridentine calendar included the feast day of Cyriacus, Largus and Smaragdus on 8 August as a Semidouble. In 1955 this rank was lowered to that of Simple. The 1962 Calendar, issued together with Pope John XXIII 's Roman Missal , the licit private and, under certain conditions, public use of which was authorized by
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#1732863376057528-486: Was Jobias, the daughter of Shapur I of Persia (reigned 241–272), which led to the conversion of the King's entire household. However, this is impossible, because Shapur died thirty years before the reputed exorcism and because he had only one daughter named Adur-Anahid. It is possible that the girl reportedly exorcised was a daughter of Narseh (293–303) or of Hormizd II (303–309). It is more likely that many Bishops throughout
552-502: Was a Roman nobleman who converted to Christianity as an adult and, renouncing his material wealth, gave it away to the poor. He spent the rest of his life ministering to the slaves who worked in the Baths of Diocletian . Under the reign of Western Roman Emperor Maximian , co-emperor with Diocletian , Cyriacus was tortured and put to death, beheaded in 303 on the Via Salaria , where he
576-503: Was subsequently buried. With him were martyred his companions Largus and Smaragdus, and twenty others, including Crescentianus, Sergius, Secundus, Alban, Victorianus, Faustinus, Felix, Sylvanus, and four women: Memmia, Juliana, Cyriacides, and Donata. Saint Cyriacus is credited with exorcizing demons from two girls. The first was Artemisia (or Artemia), the daughter of Emperor Diocletian , which resulted in both Artemisia and her mother Serena of Rome converting to Christianity. The second
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