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43-669: Kyndeløse Sydmark is a small coastal and summerhouse town, with a population of 555 (1 January 2024), in Lejre Municipality , Region Zealand in Denmark . It is located 3 km north of Ejby and 5 km west of Kirke Hyllinge . Solbakken Camping is a naturist campsite located in the western part of the town, at the shore of the Isefjord . This Danish location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Cottage A cottage , during England's feudal period ,

86-572: A sauna . There are 474,277 cottages in Finland (2005), a country with 187,888 lakes and 179,584 islands, including rental holiday cottages owned by hospitality companies but excluding holiday villages and buildings on garden allotments. Reports have 4,172 new cottages built in 2005. Most cottages are situated in the municipalities of Kuusamo (6,196 cottages on 1 January 2006), Kuopio (5,194), Ekenäs (Tammisaari – 5,053), Mikkeli (4,649), and Mäntyharju (4,630). The formal Swedish term for cottages

129-528: A cottage, particularly a summer cottage, to be a relatively small, possibly unfinished house. Various editions of the quintessentially American Webster's Dictionary define it as "a small house; any modest country or suburban dwelling," (fifth edition) with the eleventh edition describing even a vacation cottage as "a usu. small house for vacation use." In North America, most buildings known as cottages are used for weekend or summer getaways by city dwellers. Cottage owners often rent their properties to tourists as

172-416: A cottager was a farm labourer with land, and after an inclosure act the cottager was a farm labourer without land. In the law of England and Wales the definition of a cottage is "a small house or habitation without land". However, originally under an Elizabethan statute , the cottage had to be built with at least 4 acres (0.02 km ; 0.01 sq mi) of land. The Welsh Tŷ unnos or "house in

215-544: A fireplace. Today, many cottages have been extended with "outdoor rooms" (semi-heated external rooms with glass walls and a thin roof) and large wood terraces. As a result of the friggebod reform in 1979, many cottage owners have built additional guesthouses on their lots. The formal Norwegian term for cottages is hytte or fritidsbolig (vacation house). In Norway, cabins are often built near leisure activities such as hunting, fishing, and outdoor life / outdoor sports, or in areas with particularly beautiful nature, such as in

258-566: A larger property, is a particular type of cottage and is called a penty . The term cottage has also been used for a larger house that is practical rather than pretentious: see Chawton Cottage . Although the Oxford English Dictionary states that the term cottage is used in North America to represent "a summer residence (often on a large and sumptuous scale) at a watering-place or a health or pleasure resort," most Americans expect

301-598: A lot depending on location; a modern seaside house near Stockholm may cost 100 times as much as a simple cottage in the inner regions of northern Sweden. Until the end of World War II, only a small wealthy Swedish elite could afford vacation houses—often both a large seaside house and a hunting cabin up north. During the rapid urbanisation in the 1950s and 1960s, many families were able to retain their old farmhouses, village cottages, and fisherman cabins and convert them into vacation houses. In addition, economic growth made it possible even for low-income families to buy small lots in

344-443: A night", was built by squatters on a plot of land defined by the throw of an axe from each corner of the property. In Welsh a cottage is known as bwthyn and its inhabitant preswlydd . In Scotland the equivalent to cottager would be the crofter and the term for the building and its land would be croft . Irish cottages, known as Irish : teachín , were historically the homes of farmworkers and labourers, but in recent years

387-512: A source of revenue. In Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands , most cottages are vacation rentals used for weekend or summer getaways. In Michigan, a cottage normally means a summer residence farther north near or on a lake. An example of a colonial era cottage in North America is a small fieldstone house called Boelson Cottage in Fairmount Park , Philadelphia —one of the oldest extant houses within

430-458: A southern exposure to enable passive solar heating . Welsh architect Ianto Evans and researcher Linda Smiley refined the construction technique known as "Oregon Cob" in the 1980s and 1990s. Oregon Cob integrates the variation of wall layup technique which uses loaves of mud mixed with sand and straw with a rounded architectural stylism. They are experimenting with a mixture of cob and straw bale denominated " balecob ". In 2019 an appendix for

473-486: A third of the stations built in the United States in those years, cottage-patterned facilities evoked a picturesque homeyness and were easier to gain approval for than the more stylized or attention-grabbing designs also commonly used at the dawn of the automobile era. In Australia, the term "cabin" or "shack" is commonly used for a small dwelling, the former more often for a place of residence or tourist accommodation and

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516-638: A variety of climates across the globe. European examples include: Some of the oldest human-made structures in Afghanistan are composed of rammed earth and cob. Cobwork ( tabya ) was used in the Maghreb and al-Andalus in the 11th and 12th centuries, and was described in detail by Ibn Khaldun in the 14th century. Many old cob buildings can be found in Africa , the Middle East, and the southwestern United States like

559-507: Is fritidshus (vacation house) or stuga , of which there are 680.000 in Sweden (2007). According to Statistics Sweden, about 50% of the Swedish population has access to a vacation house. In everyday talk, Swedes refer to their cottages as lantstället (the country house) or stugan (the cottage). Most vacation houses in Sweden are to be found along the coasts and around the major cities. Prices vary

602-550: Is a refractory material (the same material, essentially, as unfired common red brick), and historically, has been used to make chimneys, fireplaces, forges and crucibles. Without fiber, however, cob loses most of its tensile strength. When Kevin McCabe constructed a two-story, four bedroom cob house in England , UK in 1994, it was reputedly the first cob residence built in the country in 70 years. His techniques remained very traditional;

645-446: Is built on a trailer platform and can be relocated. Statistics Finland defines a cottage ( Finnish : mökki , Finland Swedish : stuga or villa ) as "a residential building that is used as a holiday or free-time dwelling and is permanently constructed or erected on its site". Finnish cottages are traditionally built of logs but other wood constructions have become common. They are usually situated close to water and almost all have

688-502: Is legitimate to talk about the appearance of the term "Russian cottage" – a house, comparable in size to a British villa or even a mansion, and includes a corresponding piece of land. Much like in the rest of the world, cottages in South Africa housed agricultural workers and their friends and families. A number of cottages were also constructed for fishermen along the West and South Coasts of

731-549: Is more than 4000 years old. The etymology of cob and cobbing is unclear, but in several senses means to beat or strike , which is how cob material is applied to a wall. Many similar materials and methods of earthen building are used around the world, such as adobe , lump clay , puddled clay , chalk mud , wychert , clay daubins , swish ( Asante Twi ), torchis (French), bauge (French), bousille (French mud with moss), beaten clay- pahsa (Central Asia), and cat and clay . Cob structures can be found in

774-572: Is most notable in the Midwest and the Western United States, and Western Canada. In much of Northern Ontario , New England , and upstate New York , a summer house near a body of water is known as a camp. In the 1960s and 1970s, the A-Frame house became a popular cottage style in North America. In the 1920s and 30s many gas stations were built in the style of Old World cottages. Comprising about

817-735: Is one of the most popular tourist draws in Ontario , Canada, parts of which have come to be known as cottage country . This term typically refers to the north and south shores of Georgian Bay, Ontario ; Muskoka, Ontario ; Haliburton, Ontario ; and the Kawartha Lakes, Ontario ; but has also been used to describe several other Canadian regions. The practice of renting cottages has become widespread in these regions, especially with rising property taxes for waterfront property. What Eastern Canadians refer to as "cottages" (seasonal-use dwellings), are generally referred to as "cabins" in most of North America. This

860-495: The Taos Pueblo . A number of cob cottages survive from mid-19th-century New Zealand. Traditionally, English cob was made by mixing the clay-based subsoil with sand, straw and water using oxen to trample it. English soils contain varying amounts of chalk , and cob made with significant amounts of chalk are called chalk cob or wychert . The earthen mixture was then ladled onto a stone foundation in courses and trodden onto

903-636: The Uniform Building Code of the western USA, cob may be referred to as "unburned clay masonry," when used in a structural context. It may also be referred to as "aggregate" in non-structural contexts, such as "clay and sand aggregate," or more simply "organic aggregate," such as where cob is a filler between post and beam construction. Cob is an English term attested to around the year 1600 for an ancient building material that has been used for building since prehistoric times. The use of this material in Iran

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946-531: The Southern Gulf Islands of British Columbia , Canada . In 2010, Sota Construction Services in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , United States , completed construction on its new 7,500 square foot corporate headquarters, which featured exterior cob walls along with other energy saving features like radiant heat flooring, a rooftop solar panel array, and daylighting . The cob walls, in conjunction with

989-648: The Year award in 2005. The total construction cost was £300,000, but the metre (yard) thick outer cob wall cost only £20,000. In the Pacific Northwest of the United States there has been a resurgence of cob construction, both as an alternative building practice and one desired for its form, function, and cost effectiveness. Pat Hennebery, Tracy Calvert, Elke Cole, and the Cobworks workshops erected more than ten cob houses in

1032-419: The cheapest locally available materials and in the local style, thus in wheat-growing areas, it would be roofed in thatch, and in slate-rich locations, such as Cornwall, slates would be used for roofing. In stone-rich areas, its walls would be built of rubble stone, and in other areas, such as Devon, was commonly built from cob . In England from about the 18th century onwards, the development of industry led to

1075-553: The city (c.1678–84). In the jargon of English-speaking Quebec 's real-estate industry, a cottage is any two-storey house, as opposed to a bungalow . However, "cottages" in Eastern Canada are generally located next to lakes, rivers, or the ocean in forested areas. They are used as a place to spend holidays with friends and family; common activities include swimming, canoeing, waterskiing, fishing, hiking , and sailing . There are also many well-known summer colonies . Cottage living

1118-546: The cottage bore the Latin name: " domus ", while the barn of the cottage was termed " grangia ". The word originally referred to a humble rural detached dwelling of a cotter , a semi-independent resident of a manor who had certain residential rights from the lord of the manor , and who in the social hierarchy was a grade above the slave (mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086), who had no right of tenure and worked full-time to

1161-583: The country throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. Most cottages are single-story two to four-room structures, sometimes with an attic for storing supplies. Most cottages in the Western Cape area of South Africa have thatched roofs and stone or adobe walls which were traditionally whitewashed . A large number of the remaining cottages in the country are listed heritage sites. Current editions: Out of copyright (free download): Cob (material) In technical building and engineering documents, such as

1204-409: The countryside where they could erect simple houses. Former vacation houses near the large cities have gradually been converted into permanent homes as a result of urban sprawl . The traditional Swedish cottage is a simple paneled house made of wood and painted in red . They may contain 1–3 small bedrooms and also a small bathroom. In the combined kitchen and living room ( storstuga ) there is usually

1247-524: The development of weavers ' cottages and miners ' cottages. Friedrich Engels cites 'Cottages' as a poor quality dwelling in his 1845 work The Condition of the Working Class in England . Over the years various English acts of Parliament removed the right of the cottager to hold land. According to John Lawrence Hammond and Barbara Hammond in their book The Village Labourer , before an inclosure act

1290-434: The homes a characteristic internal appearance. The thick walls provided excellent thermal mass which was easy to keep warm in winter and cool in summer. Walls with a high thermal mass value act as a thermal buffer inside the home. The material has a long life-span even in rainy or humid climates, provided a tall foundation and large roof overhang are present Cob is fireproof , while "fire cob" (cob without straw or fiber)

1333-408: The latter for a simple recreational shelter, typically not continuously occupied. The term cottage usually refers to historic smaller residential buildings, commonly stone or brick, typically from Georgian or Victorian. More recently, cabins are often also referred to tiny houses , however, cabins are built at a permanent site on proper footings, while the term tiny house often implies that the dwelling

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1376-550: The nobility, dates back to a movement of "rustic" stylised cottages of the late 18th and early 19th century during the Romantic movement. In British English the term now denotes a small, cosy dwelling of traditional build, although it can also be applied to modern construction designed to resemble traditional houses (" mock cottages"). Cottages may be detached houses, or terraced , such as those built to house workers in mining villages. The tied accommodation provided to farm workers

1419-614: The only innovations he made were using a tractor to mix the cob and adding sand or shillet, a gravel of crushed shale , to reduce shrinkage. From 2002 to 2004, sustainability enthusiast Rob Hopkins initiated the construction of a cob house for his family, the first new one in Ireland in circa one hundred years. It was a community project, but an unidentified arsonist destroyed it shortly before completion. The house, located at The Hollies Centre for Practical Sustainability in County Cork ,

1462-530: The orders of the lord. In the Domesday Book, they were referred to as Coterelli . The cottage had a small amount of surrounding agricultural land, perhaps 2 or three acres, from which the resident gained his livelihood and sustenance. It was defined by its function of housing a cotter, rather than by its form, which varied, but it was certainly small and cheaply built and purely functional, with no non-essential architectural flourishes. It would have been built from

1505-471: The other sustainable features, enabled the edifice to earn a LEED Platinum rating in 2012, and it also received one of the highest scores by percentage of total points earned in any LEED category. In 2007, Ann and Gord Baird began constructing a two-storey cob house in Victoria , British Columbia , Canada , for an estimated $ 210,000 CDN. The home of 2,150 square feet includes heated floors, solar panels, and

1548-1200: The term "cabin" is common, cottage usually referring to a smaller pre-modern period dwelling. In certain countries (e.g. Nordics , Baltics , and Russia) the term "cottage" has local synonyms: In Finnish mökki , in Estonian suvila , in Latvian vasarnīca , in Livonian sõvvõkuodā , in Swedish stuga , in Norwegian hytte (from the German word Hütte ), in Czech or Slovak chata or chalupa , in Russian дача ( dacha ). In places such as Canada, "cottage" carries no connotations of size (compare with vicarage or hermitage ). The word cottage ( Medieval Latin cotagium ) derives from Old English cot, cote "hut" and Old French cot "hut, cottage", from Old Norse kot "hut" and related to Middle Low German kotten (cottage, hut). Examples of this may be found in 15th century manor court rolls . The house of

1591-438: The term has assumed a romantic connotation especially when referring to cottages with thatched roofs ( Irish : teach ceann tuí ). These thatched cottages were once to be seen all over Ireland, but most have become dilapidated due to newer and modern developments. However, there has been a recent revival of restoring these old cottages, with people wanting a more traditional home. Today, thatched cottages are now mostly built for

1634-834: The tourist industry and many can be let out as accommodation. In popular modern culture, the term cottage is used in a more general and romantic context and can date from any era but the term is usually applied to pre-modern dwellings. Older, pre-Victorian cottages tend to have restricted height, and often have construction timber exposed, sometimes intruding into the living space. Modern renovations of such dwellings often seek to re-expose timber purlins, rafters, posts, etc. which have been covered, in an attempt to establish perceived historical authenticity. Older cottages are typically modest, often semi-detached or terraced, with only four basic rooms ("two up, two down"), although subsequent modifications can create more spacious accommodation. A labourer's or fisherman's one-roomed house, often attached to

1677-436: The wall by workers in a process known as cobbing . The construction would progress according to the time required for the prior course to dry. After drying, the walls would be trimmed and the next course built, with lintels for later openings such as doors and windows being placed as the wall takes shape. The walls of a cob house are generally about 24 inches (61 cm) thick, and windows were correspondingly deep-set, giving

1720-524: The woods, in the mountains, or by the sea. In the most attractive areas, it has become increasingly common with regulated fields where the cabins are very close together, in so-called "cabin villages". Chained cabins and holiday apartments are also being built here, similar to a normal city. The first known "cottages" were built in Russia in the 19th century, when British culture was popular. Today many large cities in Russia are surrounded by cottage villages. So it

1763-513: Was being rebuilt as of 2010. There are a number of other completed modern cob houses and more are planned, including a public education centre. In 2000-01, a modern, four bedroom cob house in Worcestershire , England , UK , designed by Associated Architects , was sold for £999,000. Cobtun House was erected in 2001 and won the Royal Institute of British Architects ' Sustainable Building of

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1806-509: Was the holding by a cottager (known as a cotter or bordar ) of a small house with enough garden to feed a family and in return for the cottage, the cottager had to provide some form of service to the manorial lord . However, in time cottage just became the general term for a small house. In modern usage, a cottage is usually a modest, often cosy dwelling , typically in a rural or semi-rural location and not necessarily in England. The cottage orné , often quite large and grand residences built by

1849-437: Was usually a cottage, see cottage garden . In England the term holiday cottage now denotes a specialised form of residential let property, attracting various tax benefits to the owner. The holiday cottage exists in many cultures under different names. In Canadian English and American English , "cottage" is one term for such holiday homes, although they may also be called a "cabin", " chalet ", or even "camp". In Australia,

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