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22-575: Kyirong Town is located 70 kilometres (43 mi) south of the county seat of Dzongka and roughly 25 km (16 mi) north of Rasuwa Fort on the China-Nepal border where a border crossing into Nepal is located. In Kyirong Town, there is a village of ethnic Nepali referred to as Daman people . They are descendants of the Nepalese Gurkha army from centuries ago. Previously stateless , they were granted Chinese citizenship in 2003. After

44-631: A deep gorge before reaching the Rasuwa Fort. The last stretch of the river is used as part of the Nepal–China border. Lende Khola has two further tributaries originating in Langtang Himal, viz., Richong Chu and Chusumdo Tsangpo, the latter again forming part of the Nepal–China border. Even though the Trishuli river is physically formed at the Rasuwa Fort, it is not officially called so at this stage. It

66-858: A link-up to Kathmandu via the pass of Badh Bhangyang. These valleys made up the traditional route between Kathmandu and Tibet. Proceeding further, Trishuli joins the Narayani River at Devghat . Narayani flows south into India and joins the Ganges . More than 60 per cent of the total drainage basin of the Trishuli lies in Tibet with about 9 per cent being covered by snow and glaciers. 85 per cent of its catchment area of 4,640 square kilometres (1,790 sq mi) lies above 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) out of which 11 per cent lies above 6,000 metres (20,000 ft). It has been regularly gauged at Betrawati at an elevation of 600 metres (2,000 ft). The average lowest and

88-588: A time, Gungthang was eclipsed by Yatse , but it continued nevertheless with a reduced status. In 1620, the kingdom was sacked by Tsang and became part of Central Tibet . In 1642, the Ganden Phodrang administration under the Fifth Dalai Lama was established by the Mongols over the whole of Central Tibet. Trishuli River The Trishuli River ( Nepali : त्रिशूली नदी ) is one of the major tributaries of

110-496: Is a town and the administrative headquarters of Gyirong County in the southwestern Tibet region of China bordering Nepal . Being the administrative headquarters, it is also sometimes referred to as "Gyirong Dzong" or "Gyirong Town", but it is different from the original Kyirong Town in the southern part of the county. Dzongka and Gyirong County were on the ancient trade route between the Kathmandu Valley and Tibet. During

132-568: Is referred to by the generic name of "Bhot Koshi" ("the river from Tibet"). It is called Trishuli Ganga after receiving the Trisuli Khola stream originating in Gosainkunda near Dhunche . This would make Gosainkunda the official source of the river, and the river from Tibet a tributary. Tributaries Tadi Khola and Likhu Khola join Tishuli near the city of Bidur . The valleys of these rivers provide

154-691: The Narayani River basin in central Nepal . The river is formed by the merger of the Kyirong Tsangpo and the Lende Khola originating in Gyirong County of Tibet, which join together near the Rasuwa Gadhi on the Nepal–Tibet border. The valley of the river used to be the traditional trade route between the Kathmandu Valley and Tibet. The Trishuli is named after the trishula or trident of Shiva ,

176-555: The Rasuwa Fort at the Nepal border to form the Trishuli river. Kyirong Tsangpo has a large basin extending beyond the town of Dzongka and numerous streams forming it: Zarong chu, Gyang chu, Prongda chu, Ublung chu, Tsalung chu, Ragma chu etc. After Ragma, it passes through a lush green alpine "Kyirong Valley" (elevation 2700 m) with several villages and the Kyirong Town. Afterwards it enters

198-480: The 18th century, the region faced an invasion from Nepal, which resulted in some destruction of the town. "Dzongka" means "mud wall" in Tibetan. The town had eight-metre-high mud walls around it, which is believed to have led to this popular name. The original name of the town, as well as the region, was Gungthang (var: Gungtang, Wylie : gung thang ). Dzongka lies at an altitude of 4,130 metres (13,550 ft) in

220-511: The Kyirong/Rasuwa crossing being technically easier to re-open. The Kyirong-Rasuwa Fort route experienced quicker recovery since it is favoured for trans-Himalayan connectivity due to lower elevation and a gentler pass slope. A temporary bridge was constructed in place of the damaged concrete bridge while a new concrete bridge was constructed and opened on 7 June 2019. However, hillside stabilization had yet to be addressed as of Nov 2018 and this

242-503: The cross border trade between China and Nepal as it was located on a major traditional trade thoroughfare between the two countries. In 1961, Kyirong was established as a port of entry from Rasuwa Fort in Nepal by the Chinese government. In December 2014, the Gyirong port of entry was opened to international users and this route between China and Nepal was considered to be more reliable than

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264-744: The division of the Tibetan Empire, descendants of Songtsen Gampo fled to Kyirong and then founded the Gongtang Kingdom, whose ruins are now in Kyirong. During the first campaign of the Sino-Nepalese War in the late-1780s, the Nepalese forces captured Kyirong. It was recaptured by joint Chinese and Tibetan forces during the second campaign in July 1792. Historically, Kyirong Town has been an important town in

286-549: The melt season discharges of this river are close to average discharges recorded on the Narayani River. Trisuli is Nepal’s most popular rafting river with impressive gorges, exciting rapids, some easier sections and easy accessibility from Kathmandu and Pokhara . Rafting in Trisuli is one of the most popular outdoor activities in Nepal. Trishuli River is made up of snowmelt from Mt. Ganesh and Langtang Himal. Chitwan National Park

308-755: The most powerful god in the Hindu pantheon, There is a legend that says high in the Himalayas at Gosaikunda , Shiva drove his trident into the ground to create three springs – which became the source of the Trishuli. The sources of the Trishuli River lie in the Pekhu Kangri range (called Langtang Himal in Nepal) in the Kyirong County in Tibet. Two major rivers Kyirong Tsangpo (or Kerung Khola) and Lende Khola merge near

330-632: The one through the Zhangmu - Kodari border crossing. Kyirong/Rasuwa played a minor role as a cross-border trade route until about a year after the April 2015 Nepal earthquake as the cross-border route through the Zhangmu-Kodari border crossing was more badly damaged, only reopening on 29 May 2019. Both corridors sustained quake damage and had been closed due to the collapse of the border bridges at both locations and due to continuing rockfall from unstable hillsides,

352-665: The powerful protection of the Sakya hierarchs. As the Sakya allied with the Mongols , Gungthang became an important power centre in Ngari. In 1290, the forces of Kublai Khan fought those of the Chagatai Khanate at Dzongka over the control of Tibet, and defeated them. With the decline of Sakya and the Mongol Yuan dynasty , Gungthang's period of ascendance came to an end in the 14th century. For

374-565: The valley of Kyirong Tsangpo near the confluence of its two source streams , Zarong Chu and Gyang Chu. The Kyirong Tsangpo valley, which continues into Nepal as the Trishuli River , has provided the ancient trade route between the Kathmandu valley and Tibet. The Dzongka township contains six villages in addition to its own town community: Phula, Jiamu village, Gong village, Tsalung (Zalong), Xia village, and Orma (Woma village). Dzongka

396-467: Was born at Tsalung, a village in the Dzongka township. He was a contemporary of the ruler Lhamchok De. Milarepa spent a good part of his life at Drakar Taso ("eagle's nest"), a hermitage on the border between Gungthang and Mangyul. In the late 12th century, a Gungthang princess was sent to Sakya as the third consort of Zangtsa Sonam Gyeltsen ( zangs tsha bsod nams rgyal mtshan ). This obtained for Gungthang

418-563: Was murdered, and his two sons fled to Ngari. The elder son, Kyide Nyimagon , went to establish a kingdom in Ngari To ("Upper Ngari") and the younger son, Tashi Tsekpa-pel ( Bkra-shis-brtsegs-pa-dpal ), came to Ngari Me , establishing the Gungthang kingdom at Dzongka. The descendants of Tashi Tsekpa continued to rule Gungthang till the eventual absorption into Tsang in the 17th century. Milarepa (1040–1123), called Tibet's greatest poet-saint,

440-562: Was necessary before major infrastructure work could progress. Bridges remained damaged and only recently begun reconstruction. Additionally, transnational electricity projects are expected to pass through the area, although funding is still a question mark and the Nepali government remains cash-strapped and overburdened with competing projects. Dzongka Dzongka ( Tibetan : རྫོང་དགའ , Wylie : rdzong dga' , THL : dzong ga ) or Zongga ( Chinese : 宗嘎镇 ; pinyin : Zōnggá Zhèn )

462-537: Was originally part of the Zhangzhung kingdom, was conquered by Central Tibet around 645 AD. In the 8th century, Indian Buddhist preachers such as Padmasambhava and Śāntarakṣita visited Tibet using the route through Nepal and Gungthang. By the 10th century, the Central Tibetan empire fragmented with rival factions fighting for power and regional power centres rising. In 910 AD, the Tibetan ruler Depal Khortsen

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484-472: Was the capital of the kingdom of Gungthang, which covered the upper Kyirong Tsangpo valley (while Kyirong Town was the capital of Mangyul—the lower Kyirong valley). The walled fortification of the town is said to have been built by a king named Chen Lhamchok De ( gcen lha-mchog lde ), often called Dolé. Gungthang, along with the neighbouring kingdom of Lo (now in Nepal), were regarded as part of Ngari Me ("Lower Ngari"). The entire Ngari region, which

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