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17-447: Singapore Kwong Wai Siew Peck San Theng is a cultural organisation and columbarium based in Bishan , Singapore with beginnings since 1870. Located at Bishan Lane off Bishan Road, Peck San Theng presently operates a columbarium, two Chinese temples , and ancestral worship services tailoring towards the requirements as well as traditions, customs and beliefs of a cosmopolitan community. It

34-658: A cemetery , a churchyard or on private land. In the United States , the term may be used for a burial vault below a larger facility, such as a church. The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles, California, for example, has 6,000 sepulchral and cinerary urn spaces for interments in the lower level of the building. It is known as the "crypt mausoleum". In Europe, these underground vaults are sometimes called crypts or catacombs . A chapel mausoleum or mausoleum chapel in

51-517: A Peck Shan temple dedicated to Goddess of Mercy and also stablished a Chinese primary school for local Chinese children. In 1954, to avoid conflicts among the 16 associations, an 18-member governing committee with two representatives from the original 9 associations was set up to manage PST. In 1979, the Singapore government decided to acquire all its land to create the present-day Bishan Town . Many graves were exhumed and remains cremated during

68-451: A century, Peck San Theng (PST) became one of the biggest Chinese cemeteries in Singapore , holding more than 100,000 graves over 324 acres (1.31 km) of land. The earliest known graves in the cemetery was marked 1830 and 1831 and a collective grave marked 1873 for immigrants without descendants from the three prefectures. Other associations and clans started creating collective graves at

85-778: A columbarium (in Chinese , a naguta ("bone-receiving pagoda"); in Japanese , a nōkotsudō ("bone-receiving hall"), which can be either attached to or a part of a Buddhist temple or cemetery. This practice allows survivors to visit the temple and carry out traditional memorials and ancestor rites. In the Beit Guvrin area several series of large caves dug into soft rock were found. There were several theories about their original use, for ritual burial, for growing pigeons to be used for ritual sacrifice, or for raising pigeons for fertilizer production. One such cave had been covered by an earthquake close to

102-567: A deceased leader or other person of importance. However, smaller mausolea soon became popular with the gentry and nobility in many countries. In the Roman Empire , these were often in necropoles or along roadsides: the via Appia Antica retains the ruins of many private mausolea for kilometres outside Rome . When Christianity became dominant, mausolea were out of use. Later, mausolea became particularly popular in Europe and its colonies during

119-693: Is an ancient Roman example, rich in frescoes, decorations, and precious mosaics. Today's columbaria can be either free standing units, or part of a mausoleum or another building. Some manufacturers produce columbaria that are built entirely offsite and brought to a cemetery by large truck. Many modern crematoria have columbaria. Examples of these are the columbaria in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris and Golders Green Crematorium in London. In other cases, columbaria are built into church structures. One example

136-496: Is currently managed by 16 Cantonese and Hakka clan associations . Kwong Wai Siew Peck San Theng was originally a cemetery in Singapore that was established in 1870 by Cantonese and Hakka immigrants largely from the three prefectures of Guangzhou , Huizhou and Zhaoqing in Guangdong , China . The first words of the three prefectures, Guang-Hui-Zhao were the origins of the name 廣惠肇 , or transliterated as Kwong-Wai-Siew. Within

153-515: Is still preferred, cremation is permitted provided that the cremated remains are en tombed and that the cremation is not done for reasons contrary to the Catholic faith. As a result, they are within some Catholic cemeteries. Columbaria are often closely similar in form to traditional pagodas which function as in-situ columbaria pavillions at Buddhist temples , which from ancient times have housed cremated ashes. In Buddhism , ashes may be placed in

170-773: Is the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels (Los Angeles, California), which houses a number of columbarium niches in the mausoleum built into the lower levels of the Cathedral. The construction of columbaria within churches is particularly widespread in the Czechoslovak Hussite Church . An example can be seen at the Church of St Nicolas in Old Town Square (Prague) . In the Roman Catholic Church , although traditional burial

187-596: The Kwong Wai Shiu Hospital , a charitable organisation that provides healthcare and hospice services to the aged and needy. In 2018, a heritage gallery was built in Kwong Wai Siew Peck San Theng to illustrate the story of Kampong San Teng. Peck San Theng is currently managed by a federation of 16 clans of the Cantonese and Hakka communities in Singapore. Grand Universal Salvation Ritual (万缘胜会)

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204-440: The early modern and modern periods . A single mausoleum may be permanently sealed. A mausoleum encloses a burial chamber either wholly above ground or within a burial vault below the superstructure. This contains the body or bodies, probably within sarcophagi or interment niches. Modern mausolea may also act as columbaria (a type of mausoleum for cremated remains) with additional cinerary urn niches. Mausolea may be located in

221-452: The 1980s. To enable Peck San Theng to continue with its tradition, the government leased 8 acres (32,000 m) of land to Peck San Theng for accommodating an office block, two temples and a columbarium . The columbarium houses some 100,000 niches which are available to the public irrespective of race, language and religion since 1980. It continues to be a place for ancestral worship in Singapore. Peck San Teng also provides financial support to

238-409: The cemetery. A stone stele marked 1890 stated that “a temple was built in the burial ground, roads were paved and a cemetery organization was founded in this year.” In 1916, an organization was created which consisted of nine regional associations to manage PST. Seven other Hakka and Cantonese regional associations later joined PST, making a total of 16 communities managing PST. In 1922, PST built

255-404: The time of its original usage and had no signs of secondary usage; neither ashes nor pigeon droppings were found in it. Mausoleum A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the burial chamber of a deceased person or people. A mausoleum without the person's remains is called a cenotaph . A mausoleum may be considered a type of tomb , or

272-740: The tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum. The word mausoleum (from the Ancient Greek : μαυσωλεῖον ) derives from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (near modern-day Bodrum in Turkey), the grave of King Mausolus , the Persian satrap of Caria , whose large tomb was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World . Mausolea were historically, and still may be, large and impressive constructions for

289-640: Was first introduced to Peck San Theng in 1921. The ritual was organised irregularly and was organised when there is a need for the ritual and raise funds. The grand ritual is usually collectively conducted by a group of Buddhist monks and nuns and a troupe of Taoist priests . The spiritual significance of this ritual is about preserving and promoting important family value like filial piety . 1°20′45″N 103°50′34″E  /  1.3459°N 103.8428°E  / 1.3459; 103.8428 Columbarium Roman columbaria were often built partly or completely underground. The Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas

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