89-434: Kurumoch International Airport ( Russian : Международный аэропорт "Курумоч" ) ( IATA : KUF , ICAO : UWWW ) is the international airport serving the city of Samara , Russia , located 35 km (22 mi) north of the city. Besides Samara, the airport serves Tolyatti – the second largest city in the region. The name of the airport originated from the closest village of Kurumoch 7 km (4 mi) southwest. Kurumoch
178-649: A constitutional referendum on whether to adopt Russian as a second official language. According to the Central Election Commission, 74.8% voted against, 24.9% voted for and the voter turnout was 71.1%. Starting in 2019, instruction in Russian will be gradually discontinued in private colleges and universities in Latvia, and in general instruction in Latvian public high schools. On 29 September 2022, Saeima passed in
267-510: A new education law which requires all schools to teach at least partially in Ukrainian, with provisions while allow indigenous languages and languages of national minorities to be used alongside the national language. The law faced criticism from officials in Russia and Hungary. The 2019 Law of Ukraine "On protecting the functioning of the Ukrainian language as the state language" gives priority to
356-401: A 26.6% increase from the previous year. Over 30 airlines made 12,959 departures to 43 destinations in 2017, in addition to 3,483 tons of cargo being processed at the cargo terminal. As of August 2018, the airport is ranked 13th in Russia by passenger count, with 2,092,064 after the 8-month period, an increase of 20.7% from August 2017 results. On December 19, 1957, in accordance with a decree of
445-413: A capacity of 750 passengers per hour. The domestic zone has a capacity of 600 passengers per hour, while the international terminal can handle 150 passengers per hour. Renovations within the terminal have been made as recently as spring 2014. Floor 1 consists of 8 check-in desks for domestic departures and 6 for international and the domestic departure lounge . Floor 2 has a variety of air company offices,
534-642: A contract officially realizing the Kurumoch development project. The contract stated that in Phase I of construction, Airports of Regions was to build a new terminal no less than 35,000 m in size, and the facility was to be exploited no later than 31 December 2014. The contract also noted that the airport was to have a passenger traffic handling rate of 3,500,000 passengers annually, and cost approximately 12,300,000,000 rubles (via 2011 currency rate), 4,331,000,000 of which were to be invested by private owners/companies. Most of
623-506: A domestic or international passenger status, because the initial purpose of the airport was for military practices and cargo imports/exports. On 30 July 1960, Kuybyshev Airport became operational for military purposes. On that same day, the first avionic practice was held with 13 Ilyushin Il-18s and seven Antonov An-10s . Kuybyshev Airport was also used as a transit aerodrome for short-range aircraft in need of refuelling. On 27 February 1961,
712-437: A formula with V standing for the nucleus (vowel) and C for each consonant, the maximal structure can be described as follows: (C)(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)(C) Open joint-stock company A public joint-stock company , abbreviated PJSC ( Russian : Публичное акционерное общество , abbreviated Russian: ПАО ) or open joint-stock company , abbreviated OJSC (Russian: Открытое акционерное общество , abbreviated Russian: ОАО ),
801-558: A hard or soft counterpart, and the distinction is a prominent feature of the language, which is usually shown in writing not by a change of the consonant but rather by changing the following vowel. Another important aspect is the reduction of unstressed vowels . Stress , which is often unpredictable, is not normally indicated orthographically , though an optional acute accent may be used to mark stress – such as to distinguish between homographic words (e.g. замо́к [ zamók , 'lock'] and за́мок [ zámok , 'castle']), or to indicate
890-479: A language that "belongs to the European cultural space". The financing of Russian-language content by the state will cease, which the concept says create a "unified information space". However, one inevitable consequence would be the closure of public media broadcasts in Russian on LTV and Latvian Radio, as well as the closure of LSM's Russian-language service. In Lithuania , Russian has no official or legal status, but
979-531: A lesser extent in the Baltic states and Israel . Russian has over 258 million total speakers worldwide. It is the most spoken native language in Europe , the most spoken Slavic language , as well as the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia . It is the world's seventh-most spoken language by number of native speakers , and the world's ninth-most spoken language by total number of speakers . Russian
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#17330853480911068-572: A lesser extent the languages to the south and the east: Uralic , Turkic , Persian , Arabic , and Hebrew . According to the Defense Language Institute in Monterey, California , Russian is classified as a level III language in terms of learning difficulty for native English speakers, requiring approximately 1,100 hours of immersion instruction to achieve intermediate fluency. Feudal divisions and conflicts created obstacles between
1157-607: A minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities . 30% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 2% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. In Azerbaijan , Russian has no official status, but is a lingua franca of the country. 26% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 5% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. In Georgia , Russian has no official status, but it
1246-451: A new maintenance hangar , baggage claim facility, 5-story hotel, a second runway, and new oil storage bunkers added to the airport's infrastructure. In 1970, approximately 700,000 passengers and 27,000 tonnes of cargo passed through Kuybyshev Airport. By 1971, all the facilities and expansions were completed. In 1972, construction on a training center for flight engineers was completed. That same year, after endurance tests were completed,
1335-516: A qualitatively new entity can be said to emerge—the general language of the working class... capitalism has the tendency of creating the general urban language of a given society. In 2010, there were 259.8 million speakers of Russian in the world: in Russia – 137.5 million, in the CIS and Baltic countries – 93.7 million, in Eastern Europe – 12.9 million, Western Europe – 7.3 million, Asia – 2.7 million, in
1424-527: Is Belarusian, among ethnic Belarusians this share is 28.5%; the highest share of those who speak Belarusian at home is among ethnic Poles — 46.0%. In Estonia , Russian is spoken by 29.6% of the population, according to a 2011 estimate from the World Factbook, and is officially considered a foreign language. School education in the Russian language is a very contentious point in Estonian politics, and in 2022,
1513-475: Is a co-official language per article 5 of the Constitution of Kyrgyzstan . The 2009 census states that 482,200 people speak Russian as a native language, or 8.99% of the population. Additionally, 1,854,700 residents of Kyrgyzstan aged 15 and above fluently speak Russian as a second language, or 49.6% of the population in the age group. In Tajikistan , Russian is the language of inter-ethnic communication under
1602-401: Is a high degree of mutual intelligibility between Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian , and a moderate degree of it in all modern Slavic languages, at least at the conversational level. Russian is written using a Cyrillic alphabet. The Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. The following table gives their forms, along with IPA values for each letter's typical sound: Older letters of
1691-593: Is a post-posed definite article -to , -ta , -te similar to that existing in Bulgarian and Macedonian. In the Southern Russian dialects , instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [ɪ] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. несл и is pronounced [nʲaˈslʲi] , not [nʲɪsˈlʲi] ) – this
1780-501: Is a type of company in many successor states of the Soviet Union , particularly in Russia . Its distinguishing feature is the right of stockholders to trade in stocks without the permission of other stockholders. These public stock companies are somewhat comparable to limited liability partnerships or corporations under US law. This Russian corporation or company article
1869-409: Is an official host city. Phase I will include the construction of Terminal B, ground parking lot, a new cargo terminal, and additionally the reconstruction of the unused runway. The airport terminal will have 7 jet bridges, 2 of them being double bridges, 4 conveyor belts, 2,000 m of Duty-free shops , a Business Lounge, 24 check-in desks, and commercial shops/restaurants. The new terminal itself
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#17330853480911958-485: Is being used less frequently by Russian-speaking typists in favor of the extension of Unicode character encoding , which fully incorporates the Russian alphabet. Free programs are available offering this Unicode extension, which allow users to type Russian characters, even on Western 'QWERTY' keyboards. The Russian language was first introduced to computing after the M-1 , and MESM models were produced in 1951. According to
2047-613: Is called yakanye ( яканье ). Consonants include a fricative /ɣ/ , a semivowel /w⁓u̯/ and /x⁓xv⁓xw/ , whereas the Standard and Northern dialects have the consonants /ɡ/ , /v/ , and final /l/ and /f/ , respectively. The morphology features a palatalized final /tʲ/ in 3rd person forms of verbs (this is unpalatalized in the Standard and Northern dialects). During the Proto-Slavic (Common Slavic) times all Slavs spoke one mutually intelligible language or group of dialects. There
2136-452: Is equipped with ILS equipment and certified with a category IIIA ICAO ILS license. The used runway is 3,001mx55m and is made of asphalt-concrete. The second runway was 2,548x60m and made of concrete, but is currently under reconstruction. The cargo terminal can handle 200 tonnes per hour and is 3,758 m. In the 1990s, Kurumoch's passenger traffic rate was decreasing, therefore it didn't have any significant investments. The passenger traffic
2225-563: Is more spoken than English. Sizable Russian-speaking communities also exist in North America, especially in large urban centers of the US and Canada, such as New York City , Philadelphia , Boston , Los Angeles , Nashville , San Francisco , Seattle , Spokane , Toronto , Calgary , Baltimore , Miami , Portland , Chicago , Denver , and Cleveland . In a number of locations they issue their own newspapers, and live in ethnic enclaves (especially
2314-417: Is not equipped to handle such a flow of passengers. In spring 2011, a contest over the investment towards a complete reconstruction of Kurumoch's facilities was announced. In fall 2011, HC Airports of Regions won the bid and gained full legal rights over the investment of Kurumoch International Airport. Airports of Regions finished developing their complete plan on the construction of multiple new facilities in
2403-564: Is odd") – чу́дно ( chúdno – "this is marvellous"), молоде́ц ( molodéts – "well done!") – мо́лодец ( mólodets – "fine young man"), узна́ю ( uznáyu – "I shall learn it") – узнаю́ ( uznayú – "I recognize it"), отреза́ть ( otrezát – "to be cutting") – отре́зать ( otrézat – "to have cut"); to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words, especially personal and family names, like афе́ра ( aféra , "scandal, affair"), гу́ру ( gúru , "guru"), Гарси́я ( García ), Оле́ша ( Olésha ), Фе́рми ( Fermi ), and to show which
2492-634: Is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is the native language of the Russians . It was the de facto and de jure official language of the former Soviet Union . Russian has remained an official language of the Russian Federation , Belarus , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , and Tajikistan , and is still commonly used as a lingua franca in Ukraine , Moldova , the Caucasus , Central Asia , and to
2581-729: Is one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station , one of the six official languages of the United Nations , as well as the fourth most widely used language on the Internet . Russian is written using the Russian alphabet of the Cyrillic script ; it distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and those without—the so-called "soft" and "hard" sounds. Almost every consonant has
2670-402: Is recognized as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities . Russian is the language of 9% of the population according to the World Factbook. Ethnologue cites Russian as the country's de facto working language. In China , Russian has no official status, but it is spoken by the small Russian communities in the northeastern Heilongjiang and
2759-516: Is said to be over 41,700 m. The jet bridges will be supplied by the Thyssen Krupp company. The airport will have 5 floors all together: 3 main floors and 2 mezzanines . The very first floor will have the check-in desks, baggage wrapping, commercial stores such as Good Trip, and Zdorovye Lyudi (Здоровые Люди). Blueprints show the arrivals and baggage claim section on the second floor. The third floor will contain security desks, passport control and
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2848-569: Is sometimes considered to have played a significant role in the formation of modern Russian. Also, Russian has notable lexical similarities with Bulgarian due to a common Church Slavonic influence on both languages, but because of later interaction in the 19th and 20th centuries, Bulgarian grammar differs markedly from Russian. Over the course of centuries, the vocabulary and literary style of Russian have also been influenced by Western and Central European languages such as Greek, Latin , Polish , Dutch , German, French, Italian, and English, and to
2937-576: Is spoken by 14.2% of the population according to an undated estimate from the World Factbook. In 2005, Russian was the most widely taught foreign language in Mongolia, and was compulsory in Year 7 onward as a second foreign language in 2006. Around 1.5 million Israelis spoke Russian as of 2017. The Israeli press and websites regularly publish material in Russian and there are Russian newspapers, television stations, schools, and social media outlets based in
3026-518: Is the stressed word in a sentence, for example Ты́ съел печенье? ( Tý syel pechenye? – "Was it you who ate the cookie?") – Ты съе́л печенье? ( Ty syél pechenye? – "Did you eat the cookie?) – Ты съел пече́нье? ( Ty syel pechénye? "Was it the cookie you ate?"). Stress marks are mandatory in lexical dictionaries and books for children or Russian learners. The Russian syllable structure can be quite complex, with both initial and final consonant clusters of up to four consecutive sounds. Using
3115-461: The 2011 Lithuanian census , Russian was the native language for 7.2% of the population. In Moldova , Russian was considered to be the language of interethnic communication under a Soviet-era law. On 21 January 2021, the Constitutional Court of Moldova declared the law unconstitutional and deprived Russian of the status of the language of interethnic communication. 50% of the population
3204-966: The Apollo–Soyuz mission, which first flew in 1975. In March 2013, Russian was found to be the second-most used language on websites after English. Russian was the language of 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian was used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Soviet Union domain .su . Websites in former Soviet Union member states also used high levels of Russian: 79.0% in Ukraine, 86.9% in Belarus, 84.0% in Kazakhstan, 79.6% in Uzbekistan, 75.9% in Kyrgyzstan and 81.8% in Tajikistan. However, Russian
3293-413: The Constitution of Tajikistan and is permitted in official documentation. 28% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 7% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. The World Factbook notes that Russian is widely used in government and business. In Turkmenistan , Russian lost its status as the official lingua franca in 1996. Among 12% of the population who grew up in
3382-570: The Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union , the construction of Kurumoch Airport commenced. Construction was overseen and managed by N.P. Skrinsky, the chairman of the Kuybyshev airport from 7 January 1958 to 14 December 1959. The airport was at first named Kurumoch Airport, but was later renamed Kuybyshev Airport because Samara 's official name from 1935 to 1991 was Kuybyshev . The airport did not have
3471-542: The ICAO requirements , Kurumoch Airport was granted international status. In 1993, the construction of a new international terminal was completed. It is still used to this day as the main and only terminal. On 19 February 1993, the airport created an Open Joint-Stock Company (OJSC) Samara Airlines. Samara Airlines was made for the benefit and prosperity of the Kuybyshev International Airport. On 9 December 1994,
3560-575: The Ukrainian language in more than 30 spheres of public life: in particular in public administration , media, education, science, culture, advertising, services . The law does not regulate private communication. A poll conducted in March 2022 by RATING in the territory controlled by Ukraine found that 83% of the respondents believe that Ukrainian should be the only state language of Ukraine. This opinion dominates in all macro-regions, age and language groups. On
3649-625: The United States Census , in 2007 Russian was the primary language spoken in the homes of over 850,000 individuals living in the United States. Russian is one of the official languages (or has similar status and interpretation must be provided into Russian) of the following: The Russian language is also one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station – NASA astronauts who serve alongside Russian cosmonauts usually take Russian language courses. This practice goes back to
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3738-508: The 20th century, Russian was a mandatory language taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact and in other countries that used to be satellites of the USSR. According to the Eurobarometer 2005 survey, fluency in Russian remains fairly high (20–40%) in some countries, in particular former Warsaw Pact countries. In Armenia , Russian has no official status, but it is recognized as
3827-465: The Belarusian society the Russian language prevails, so according to the 2019 census 6,718,557 people (71.4% of the total population) stated that they speak Russian at home, for ethnic Belarusians this share is 61.4%, for Russians — 97.2%, for Ukrainians — 89.0%, for Poles — 52.4%, and for Jews — 96.6%; 2,447,764 people (26.0% of the total population) stated that the language they usually speak at home
3916-519: The Great and developed from the Moscow ( Middle or Central Russian ) dialect substratum under the influence of some of the previous century's Russian chancery language. Prior to the Bolshevik Revolution , the spoken form of the Russian language was that of the nobility and the urban bourgeoisie. Russian peasants, the great majority of the population, continued to speak in their own dialects. However,
4005-578: The Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent ( знак ударения ) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress . For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к ( zamók – "lock") – за́мок ( zámok – "castle"), сто́ящий ( stóyashchy – "worthwhile") – стоя́щий ( stoyáshchy – "standing"), чудно́ ( chudnó – "this
4094-515: The Middle East and North Africa – 1.3 million, Sub-Saharan Africa – 0.1 million, Latin America – 0.2 million, U.S., Canada , Australia, and New Zealand – 4.1 million speakers. Therefore, the Russian language is the seventh-largest in the world by the number of speakers , after English, Mandarin, Hindi -Urdu, Spanish, French, Arabic, and Portuguese. Russian is one of the six official languages of
4183-807: The Russian alphabet include ⟨ ѣ ⟩ , which merged to ⟨ е ⟩ ( /je/ or /ʲe/ ); ⟨ і ⟩ and ⟨ ѵ ⟩ , which both merged to ⟨ и ⟩ ( /i/ ); ⟨ ѳ ⟩ , which merged to ⟨ ф ⟩ ( /f/ ); ⟨ ѫ ⟩ , which merged to ⟨ у ⟩ ( /u/ ); ⟨ ѭ ⟩ , which merged to ⟨ ю ⟩ ( /ju/ or /ʲu/ ); and ⟨ ѧ ⟩ and ⟨ ѩ ⟩ , which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨ я ⟩ and merged phonetically to /ja/ or /ʲa/ . While these older letters have been abandoned at one time or another, they may be used in this and related articles. The yers ⟨ ъ ⟩ and ⟨ ь ⟩ originally indicated
4272-458: The Russian principalities before and especially during Mongol rule. This strengthened dialectal differences, and for a while, prevented the emergence of a standardized national language. The formation of the unified and centralized Russian state in the 15th and 16th centuries, and the gradual re-emergence of a common political, economic, and cultural space created the need for a common standard language. The initial impulse for standardization came from
4361-454: The Soviet era can speak Russian, other generations of citizens that do not have any knowledge of Russian. Primary and secondary education by Russian is almost non-existent. In Uzbekistan , Russian is the language of inter-ethnic communication. It has some official roles, being permitted in official documentation and is the lingua franca of the country and the language of the elite. Russian
4450-403: The United Nations. Education in Russian is still a popular choice for both Russian as a second language (RSL) and native speakers in Russia, and in many former Soviet republics. Russian is still seen as an important language for children to learn in most of the former Soviet republics. In Belarus , Russian is a second state language alongside Belarusian per the Constitution of Belarus . 77% of
4539-402: The airport made another OJSC "International Airport Samara". On 31 May 2002, Kuybyshev International Airport was renamed to Kurumoch International Airport. The previous name was dismissed because of its ties with the Soviet Union (the city and airport were named after Valerian Kuybyshev : a pro-Soviet revolutionary). It was renamed to Kurumoch after the small village near the airport, and due to
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#17330853480914628-471: The airport should be able to handle up to 4,000,000 passengers annually. In 2017, Skytrax awarded Kurumoch Airport 4 stars, and made it the fourth airport in Russia and the CIS after Baku , Kazan and Yekaterinburg , which also belong to Airports of Regions . Since the 1970s, Kurumoch International Airport has sponsored FC Polet , which it co-created with USSR theater performer Alexander Komissarov . Today,
4717-403: The broader sense of expanding the use of Russian alongside or in favour of other languages. The current standard form of Russian is generally regarded as the modern Russian literary language ( современный русский литературный язык – "sovremenny russky literaturny yazyk"). It arose at the beginning of the 18th century with the modernization reforms of the Russian state under the rule of Peter
4806-519: The construction of a business center and hotel connected to or near Terminal B, a train system from Kurumoch International Airport to Samara and a levelled parking lot. [REDACTED] Media related to Kurumoch International Airport at Wikimedia Commons Russian language Russian is an East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family . It
4895-409: The contract clauses regarding Phase I of the development project were met. Phase II is set between 2015 and 2018, and is aimed at increasing the area of the then existing terminal (an additional 25,000 m, creating a facility with 60,000 m total surface), the construction of a new 4-star hotel, a business center, a multi-storey parking area , and an Aeroexpress /train station. After Phase II,
4984-562: The country. There is an Israeli TV channel mainly broadcasting in Russian with Israel Plus . See also Russian language in Israel . Russian is also spoken as a second language by a small number of people in Afghanistan . In Vietnam , Russian has been added in the elementary curriculum along with Chinese and Japanese and were named as "first foreign languages" for Vietnamese students to learn, on equal footing with English. The Russian language
5073-553: The departure zone, as well as the duty-free shops and the VIP Lounge . The Domestic and International security check stations and passport control will be separate from each other. The Domestic part of the airport is said to have 4 jet bridges, while the international will have 3. There will be 7 Gates for the jet bridges and 6 for the bus systems. The new terminal will have a variety of restaurants. The airport will be able to handle up to 4,000,000 passengers per year. Phase II will include
5162-427: The fact that the airport's original name was Kurumoch Airport. During 2007, with Rosaviatsia in cooperation with Russia's Ministry of Transport , a systematic plan was created in order to boost regional and general aviation in Russia between 2008 and 2020. This included the optimization of Russian air companies ( Aeroflot , S7 , etc.) and airports, as well as the creation of transit traffic and hub airports. Kurumoch
5251-413: The factory and the industrial plant their local peasant dialects with their phonetics, grammar, and vocabulary, and the very process of recruiting workers from peasants and the mobility of the worker population generate another process: the liquidation of peasant inheritance by way of leveling the particulars of local dialects. On the ruins of peasant multilingual, in the context of developing heavy industry,
5340-451: The final reading amendments that state that all schools and kindergartens in the country are to transition to education in Latvian . From 2025, all children will be taught in Latvian only. On 28 September 2023, Latvian deputies approved The National Security Concept, according to which from 1 January 2026, all content created by Latvian public media (including LSM ) should be only in Latvian or
5429-411: The first commercial flight from Kuybyshev Airport to Sheremetyevo International Airport , Moscow , was piloted by V. A. Mikhailov. On 15 May 1961, Kuybyshev gained domestic passenger status and had its first daily flight to Mineralnye Vody . That same year, Kuybyshev Airport was granted flights to Leningrad (St. Petersburg) , Tashkent , Adler , etc. Construction continued between 1965 and 1970, with
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#17330853480915518-652: The football club is sponsored by the JSC "Kurumoch International Airport". In November 2014, Kurumoch International Airport, decided to relocate all matches played by FC Polet in the next season to the Metallurg Stadium in Samara. Today, the airport consists of 2 runways, 1 cargo terminal, 1 VIP terminal (departure and arrivals), and 2 airport facilities. Kurumoch has 50 parking slots for various types of aircraft. The airport can handle 19 aircraft at any particular time. Also known as
5607-458: The freezers and conveyor belts, thus a much stronger transmission tower cable system was run to the airport. This also improved the living conditions of the village of Kurumoch nearby, which the cable ran through. In 1990, Kuybyshev Airport reached its passenger traffic peak of 3,700,000. Preceding the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the City of Kuybyshev was renamed Samara. In 1992, after meeting with
5696-617: The generation of immigrants who started arriving in the early 1960s). Only about 25% of them are ethnic Russians, however. Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the overwhelming majority of Russophones in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews. Afterward, the influx from the countries of the former Soviet Union changed the statistics somewhat, with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians immigrating along with some more Russian Jews and Central Asians. According to
5785-480: The government bureaucracy for the lack of a reliable tool of communication in administrative, legal, and judicial affairs became an obvious practical problem. The earliest attempts at standardizing Russian were made based on the so-called Moscow official or chancery language, during the 15th to 17th centuries. Since then, the trend of language policy in Russia has been standardization in both the restricted sense of reducing dialectical barriers between ethnic Russians, and
5874-404: The international departure zone and staff rooms. The business terminal was built in 2004. It can handle 50 passengers per hour. The business terminal offers private check-in desks and a lounge area with standard entertainment systems. Kurumoch also offers all business class personnel a ride to their aircraft by separate buses. The airport contains 2 runways, but at the moment only the used runway
5963-598: The main terminal and the departure building, Terminal A is the most widely used facility of the entire airport. Terminal A finished construction in 1993, but underwent major renovations in 1998 and 2004. The building is 11,340 m and consists of 3 floors: the underground floor, floor 1 and floor 2. the main terminal serves as the departure for international and domestic flights (including baggage handling for departure flights) and as an air traffic control tower. Additionally, most of JSC International Airport "Kurumoch"'s offices are located in terminal A. Altogether, Terminal A has
6052-516: The northwestern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region . Russian was also the main foreign language taught in school in China between 1949 and 1964. In Kazakhstan , Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration. The 2009 census reported that 10,309,500 people, or 84.8% of
6141-515: The other hand, before the war, almost a quarter of Ukrainians were in favour of granting Russian the status of the state language, while after the beginning of Russia's invasion the support for the idea dropped to just 7%. In peacetime, the idea of raising the status of Russian was traditionally supported by residents of the south and east . But even in these regions, only a third of the respondents were in favour, and after Russia's full-scale invasion , their number dropped by almost half. According to
6230-455: The other three languages in the East Slavic branch. In many places in eastern and southern Ukraine and throughout Belarus, these languages are spoken interchangeably, and in certain areas traditional bilingualism resulted in language mixtures such as Surzhyk in eastern Ukraine and Trasianka in Belarus. An East Slavic Old Novgorod dialect , although it vanished during the 15th or 16th century,
6319-446: The parliament approved a bill to close up all Russian language schools and kindergartens by the school year. The transition to only Estonian language schools and kindergartens will start in the 2024-2025 school year. In Latvia , Russian is officially considered a foreign language. 55% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 26% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. On 18 February 2012, Latvia held
6408-453: The peasants' speech was never systematically studied, as it was generally regarded by philologists as simply a source of folklore and an object of curiosity. This was acknowledged by the noted Russian dialectologist Nikolai Karinsky , who toward the end of his life wrote: "Scholars of Russian dialects mostly studied phonetics and morphology. Some scholars and collectors compiled local dictionaries. We have almost no studies of lexical material or
6497-455: The population aged 15 and above, could read and write well in Russian, and understand the spoken language. In October 2023, Kazakhstan drafted a media law aimed at increasing the use of the Kazakh language over Russian, the law stipulates that the share of the state language on television and radio should increase from 50% to 70%, at a rate of 5% per year, starting in 2025. In Kyrgyzstan , Russian
6586-418: The population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 67% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. According to the 2019 Belarusian census , out of 9,413,446 inhabitants of the country, 5,094,928 (54.1% of the total population) named Belarusian as their native language, with 61.2% of ethnic Belarusians and 54.5% of ethnic Poles declaring Belarusian as their native language. In everyday life in
6675-475: The pronunciation of ultra-short or reduced /ŭ/ , /ĭ/ . Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz , and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš' . Once commonly used by the majority of those living outside Russia, transliteration
6764-466: The proper pronunciation of uncommon words or names. Russian is an East Slavic language of the wider Indo-European family . It is a descendant of Old East Slavic , a language used in Kievan Rus' , which was a loose conglomerate of East Slavic tribes from the late 9th to the mid-13th centuries. From the point of view of spoken language , its closest relatives are Ukrainian , Belarusian , and Rusyn ,
6853-491: The respondents), while according to the 2002 census – 142.6 million people (99.2% of the respondents). In Ukraine , Russian is a significant minority language. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 14,400,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 29 million active speakers. 65% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 38% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. On 5 September 2017, Ukraine's Parliament passed
6942-421: The second runway was exploited for commercial use. Between 1981 and 1990, Kuybyshev Airport underwent two indoor reconstructions. The second one, in 1989, was for the purpose of creating two different lounge areas. After the fall of the Soviet Union , the two areas became the airport's domestic departure zone. A new flight catering facility was constructed. The facility demanded a large quantity of electricity for
7031-437: The spring of 2012. The construction was split into 2 phases: Phase I and Phase II. The initial price of the new airport was placed at 339,11,1370 USD or 13,000,000,000 rubles. Today, the builders of the new airport are CJSC KOMPACT Saint Petersburg . KOMPAKT set their deadline on the completion of Phase I on 31 December 2014. Phase II is said to be completed by the spring of 2018; before the 2018 FIFA World Cup , in which Samara
7120-675: The survey carried out by RATING in August 2023 in the territory controlled by Ukraine and among the refugees, almost 60% of the polled usually speak Ukrainian at home, about 30% – Ukrainian and Russian, only 9% – Russian. Since March 2022, the use of Russian in everyday life has been noticeably decreasing. For 82% of respondents, Ukrainian is their mother tongue, and for 16%, Russian is their mother tongue. IDPs and refugees living abroad are more likely to use both languages for communication or speak Russian. Nevertheless, more than 70% of IDPs and refugees consider Ukrainian to be their native language. In
7209-459: The syntax of Russian dialects." After 1917, Marxist linguists had no interest in the multiplicity of peasant dialects and regarded their language as a relic of the rapidly disappearing past that was not worthy of scholarly attention. Nakhimovsky quotes the Soviet academicians A.M Ivanov and L.P Yakubinsky, writing in 1930: The language of peasants has a motley diversity inherited from feudalism. On its way to becoming proletariat peasantry brings to
7298-770: The two. Others divide the language into three groupings, Northern , Central (or Middle), and Southern , with Moscow lying in the Central region. The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly, a phenomenon called okanye ( оканье ). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e⁓i̯ɛ/ in place of Proto-Slavic * ě and /o⁓u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Ukrainian) instead of Standard Russian /e/ and /o/ , respectively. Another Northern dialectal morphological feature
7387-506: The use of the language has some presence in certain areas. A large part of the population, especially the older generations, can speak Russian as a foreign language. However, English has replaced Russian as lingua franca in Lithuania and around 80% of young people speak English as their first foreign language. In contrast to the other two Baltic states, Lithuania has a relatively small Russian-speaking minority (5.0% as of 2008). According to
7476-405: Was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 18th century. Although most Russian colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left. In Nikolaevsk, Alaska , Russian
7565-421: Was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 19% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. According to the 2014 Moldovan census , Russians accounted for 4.1% of Moldova's population, 9.4% of the population declared Russian as their native language, and 14.5% said they usually spoke Russian. According to the 2010 census in Russia , Russian language skills were indicated by 138 million people (99.4% of
7654-652: Was prospectively regarded as the best hub airport for the Volga Federal District. In 2011, as was demanded by the President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev , OJSC "International Airport Samara" was to auction 50.99% of its shares to capitalist investors. That same year Airports of Regions , the largest airport holding company in Russia (and held by Renova Group ), won their bid on the investment towards Kurumoch International Airport. On 17 January 2012, "Koltsovo Invest" and JSC "Development Corporation Samara Region" signed
7743-462: Was relatively low and could be served with comfort in the old terminal. But as the passenger traffic rate began to increase, the problem of overcrowding was a potential threat. Kurumoch's terminal was meant for approximately 1,250,000 passengers annually, but in 2008 the airport was already serving over 1,400,000 passengers. The main terminal did not have any definite arrival section until the late 1990s and today's Domestic and International Baggage claim
7832-402: Was the sixth-most used language on the top 1,000 sites, behind English, Chinese, French, German, and Japanese. Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between
7921-506: Was used as a hub for Samara Airlines until the airline's bankruptcy in 2008. In 2011, Kurumoch was acquired by the largest airport holding and management company in Russia, Airports of Regions . Kurumoch became officially operational on 15 May 1961, as a domestic airport. The airport is notable for being the largest airport (by passenger traffic) in the Volga Federal District . In 2017, Kurumoch Airport served 2,649,426 passengers,
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