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73-1060: Coordinates : 19°04′18″N 79°29′28″E / 19.071556°N 79.491173°E / 19.071556; 79.491173 Geological formation in the Pranhita–Godavari Basin, India Kundaram Formation Stratigraphic range : Lopingian ~ 259–252 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Type Geological formation Sub-units Lower and Upper Units Underlies Kamthi Formation Overlies Barakar Formation Thickness 250–400 m Lithology Primary Mudstone , Sandstone Other Shale Location Coordinates 19°04′18″N 79°29′28″E / 19.071556°N 79.491173°E / 19.071556; 79.491173 Region Telangana Country India Extent Pranhita–Godavari Basin [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Kundaram Formation (India) The Kundaram Formation
146-532: A prime meridian at the westernmost known land, designated the Fortunate Isles , off the coast of western Africa around the Canary or Cape Verde Islands , and measured north or south of the island of Rhodes off Asia Minor . Ptolemy credited him with the full adoption of longitude and latitude, rather than measuring latitude in terms of the length of the midsummer day. Ptolemy's 2nd-century Geography used
219-550: A literacy rate of 72.8% which is the fourth lowest among large states. It also has the second lowest literacy rate among rural women at 53.7%. 37.1% of the population aged 3–35 years received free education at pre-primary and higher levels in Telangana. The state is divided into 33 districts . The latest two new districts, Mulugu and Narayanpet, were formed on 17 February 2019. The districts are divided into 70 revenue divisions which are further divided into 584 mandals . There are
292-646: A little before 1300; the text was translated into Latin at Florence by Jacopo d'Angelo around 1407. In 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference , attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich , England as the zero-reference line. The Dominican Republic voted against
365-416: A location often facetiously called Null Island . In order to use the theoretical definitions of latitude, longitude, and height to precisely measure actual locations on the physical earth, a geodetic datum must be used. A horizonal datum is used to precisely measure latitude and longitude, while a vertical datum is used to measure elevation or altitude. Both types of datum bind a mathematical model of
438-535: A longitudinal degree is 111.3 km. At 30° a longitudinal second is 26.76 m, at Greenwich (51°28′38″N) 19.22 m, and at 60° it is 15.42 m. On the WGS 84 spheroid, the length in meters of a degree of latitude at latitude ϕ (that is, the number of meters you would have to travel along a north–south line to move 1 degree in latitude, when at latitude ϕ ), is about The returned measure of meters per degree latitude varies continuously with latitude. Similarly,
511-402: A major focal point for IT software companies, industry and the services sector . The state is also the main administrative center of many Indian defence aerospace and research labs including Bharat Dynamics Limited , Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory , Defence Research and Development Organisation and Defence Research and Development Laboratory . One popular etymology derives
584-670: A national cartographical organization include the North American Datum , the European ED50 , and the British OSGB36 . Given a location, the datum provides the latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } and longitude λ {\displaystyle \lambda } . In the United Kingdom there are three common latitude, longitude, and height systems in use. WGS 84 differs at Greenwich from
657-570: A period. Within the decade, Hyderabad would become the capital of the state of Telangana, and a new capital was selected for Andhra Pradesh. Andhra Pradesh picked Amaravati as its capital and relocated its secretariat in 2016 and its legislature in 2017. Telangana is situated on the Deccan Plateau , in the central stretch of the eastern seaboard of the Indian Peninsula. It covers 112,077 square kilometres (43,273 sq mi). The region
730-841: A simple translation may be sufficient. Datums may be global, meaning that they represent the whole Earth, or they may be local, meaning that they represent an ellipsoid best-fit to only a portion of the Earth. Examples of global datums include World Geodetic System (WGS 84, also known as EPSG:4326 ), the default datum used for the Global Positioning System , and the International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame (ITRF), used for estimating continental drift and crustal deformation . The distance to Earth's center can be used both for very deep positions and for positions in space. Local datums chosen by
803-538: A strong cotton-weaving industry existed in Telangana. Large quantities of cotton were produced for domestic and exports consumption. High quality plain and patterned cloth made of muslin and calico was produced. In 1712, Qamar-ud-din Khan was appointed by emperor Farrukhsiyar as the viceroy of Deccan with the title Nizam-ul-Mulk (meaning "Administrator of the Realm"). He was later recalled to Delhi, with Mubariz Khan appointed as
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#1732868769540876-455: A total of 10,909 revenue villages and 12,769 gram panchayats in the state. The districts in the state are: There are a total of 12 cities in the state. Hyderabad is the biggest city in the state and 4th largest city in India . There are 13 municipal corporations and 132 municipalities in the state. Telangana is governed by a parliamentary system of representative democracy , a feature
949-500: A year, or 10 m in a century. A weather system high-pressure area can cause a sinking of 5 mm . Scandinavia is rising by 1 cm a year as a result of the melting of the ice sheets of the last ice age , but neighboring Scotland is rising by only 0.2 cm . These changes are insignificant if a local datum is used, but are statistically significant if a global datum is used. On the GRS 80 or WGS 84 spheroid at sea level at
1022-583: Is where Earth's equatorial radius a {\displaystyle a} equals 6,378,137 m and tan β = b a tan ϕ {\displaystyle \textstyle {\tan \beta ={\frac {b}{a}}\tan \phi }\,\!} ; for the GRS 80 and WGS 84 spheroids, b a = 0.99664719 {\textstyle {\tfrac {b}{a}}=0.99664719} . ( β {\displaystyle \textstyle {\beta }\,\!}
1095-418: Is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude . It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others. Although latitude and longitude form a coordinate tuple like a cartesian coordinate system , the geographic coordinate system
1168-507: Is a state in India situated in the south-central part of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau . It is the eleventh largest state and the twelfth most populated state in India as per the 2011 census . On 2 June 2014, the area was separated from the northwestern part of United Andhra Pradesh as the newly formed state of Telangana , with Hyderabad as its capital. Telugu , one of
1241-503: Is a geological formation in India, located within the Pranhita–Godavari Basin . The unit is between 250–400 metres thick and at its base consists of sandstone-mudstone alterations, followed by a sequence dominated by red mudstone with infrequent sandstone lens beds , with minor ferruginous shale within the sandstones. It was deposited in fluvial conditions. It is considered to be Late Permian in age. An abundant terrestrial fauna
1314-526: Is a semi-arid area and has a predominantly hot and dry climate. Summers start in March, and peak in mid-April with average high temperatures in the 37–38 °C (99–100 °F) range. The monsoon arrives in June and lasts until Late-September with about 755 mm (29.7 inches) of precipitation. A dry, mild winter starts in late November and lasts until early February with little humidity and average temperatures in
1387-463: Is called Hyderabadi Urdu , which in itself is a dialect of the larger Dakhini Urdu dialects of South India. Although the language is spoken by most Hyderabadi Muslims, the language in a literary context has long been lost, and standard Urdu is used. Hindi is spoken mainly in Hyderabad, as well as some other urban areas like Warangal. Lambadi , a language related to Rajasthani dialects , is used across
1460-771: Is drained by two major rivers, with about 79% of the Godavari River catchment area and about 69% of the Krishna River catchment area, but most of the land is arid. Telangana is also drained by several minor rivers such as the Bhima , the Maner , the Manjira , the Musi , and the Tungabhadra . The annual rainfall is between 900 and 1500mm in northern Telangana and 700 to 900mm in southern Telangana, from
1533-888: Is known as the reduced (or parametric) latitude ). Aside from rounding, this is the exact distance along a parallel of latitude; getting the distance along the shortest route will be more work, but those two distances are always within 0.6 m of each other if the two points are one degree of longitude apart. Like any series of multiple-digit numbers, latitude-longitude pairs can be challenging to communicate and remember. Therefore, alternative schemes have been developed for encoding GCS coordinates into alphanumeric strings or words: These are not distinct coordinate systems, only alternative methods for expressing latitude and longitude measurements. Telangana Telangana ( / ˌ t ɛ l ə n ˈ ɡ ɑː n ə / ; ISO : Telaṅgāṇa Telugu: [ˈtelaŋɡaːɳa] ; ALA-LC : Tilaṉgānah Urdu: [ˈtɪləŋɡɑːna] )
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#17328687695401606-1512: Is known from nodules found near the village of Golleti in the Adilabad district of Telangana , the only such fauna known from the Permian of India. The fauna found includes the dicynodonts Endothiodon , Dicynodontoides , Pristerodon and Sauroscaptor , as well the small captorhinid Indosauriscus and an indeterminate medium-sized gorgonopsid . Paleobiota [ edit ] Synapsids [ edit ] Genus Species Location Material Notes Images Endothiodon E. mahalanobisi Telangana Numerous almost complete specimens A dicynodont . E. bathystoma Dicynodontoides sp. Telangana ISI R 217 A dicynodont . Sauroscaptor S. tharavati Telangana A dicynodont . Pristerodon P. mackayi Telangana A dicynodont . ? Oudenodon sp. Telangana A dicynodont Gorgonopsia Indeterminate Telangana A gorgonopsid . Reptiles [ edit ] Genus Species Location Material Notes Images Indosauriscus Indeterminate Telangana A captorhinid reptile. References [ edit ] ^ Ray, Sanghamitra; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati (March 2003). "Late Permian vertebrate community of
1679-540: Is not cartesian because the measurements are angles and are not on a planar surface. A full GCS specification, such as those listed in the EPSG and ISO 19111 standards, also includes a choice of geodetic datum (including an Earth ellipsoid ), as different datums will yield different latitude and longitude values for the same location. The invention of a geographic coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene , who composed his now-lost Geography at
1752-731: Is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses (often called great circles ), which converge at the North and South Poles. The meridian of the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich , in southeast London, England, is the international prime meridian , although some organizations—such as the French Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière —continue to use other meridians for internal purposes. The prime meridian determines
1825-405: Is ultimately calculated from latitude and longitude, it is crucial that they clearly state the datum on which they are based. For example, a UTM coordinate based on WGS84 will be different than a UTM coordinate based on NAD27 for the same location. Converting coordinates from one datum to another requires a datum transformation such as a Helmert transformation , although in certain situations
1898-611: The Bhongir Fort . According to the 2011 census, Telangana's literacy rate is 66.46%. Male literacy and female literacy are 74.95% and 57.92%, respectively. Hyderabad district has the highest literacy rate with 80.96% and Mahabubnagar district has the lowest with 56.06%. In a 2019 report, the Key Indicators of Household Social Consumption on Education in India , by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Telangana has
1971-843: The British India under subsidiary alliance which reduced it to that of a landlocked princely state bounded on all sides by the British India. Following the Indian Independence in 1947—the Hyderabad state joined the Union of India in 1948 after a police action . In 1956, the Hyderabad State was dissolved —and its Telugu speaking region Telangana was merged with the Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh . A peasant-driven movement began to advocate for separation from Andhra Pradesh starting in
2044-627: The Communist Party of India (CPI). The revolt began in the Nalgonda district against the feudal lords of Reddy and Velama castes. It quickly spread to the Warangal and Bidar districts. Peasant farmers and labourers revolted against the local feudal landlords ( jagirdars and deshmukhs ) and later against the Nizam Osman Ali Khan . The violent phase of the movement ended after
2117-1303: The Eastern Ghats in the eastern part of the state. Telangana has three National Parks : Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park in Hyderabad district , and Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park and Mrugavani National Park in Ranga Reddy district . Wildlife Sanctuaries in Telangana include Eturunagaram Wildlife Sanctuary and Pakhal Wildlife Sanctuary in Warangal District , Kawal Tiger Reserve and Pranahita Wildlife Sanctuary in Adilabad district , Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary in Khammam district, Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary in Medak district , Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve in Nalgonda and Mahbubnagar districts , Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary in Medak and Nizamabad districts, Shivaram Wildlife Sanctuary in Karimnagar district . Sacred groves are small areas of forest preserved by local people. Sacred groves provide sanctuary to
2190-489: The Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC. A century later, Hipparchus of Nicaea improved on this system by determining latitude from stellar measurements rather than solar altitude and determining longitude by timings of lunar eclipses , rather than dead reckoning . In the 1st or 2nd century, Marinus of Tyre compiled an extensive gazetteer and mathematically plotted world map using coordinates measured east from
2263-606: The Satavahana dynasty became the dominant power in this area. It originated from the lands between the Godavari and Krishna rivers and was based at Amaravathi and Dharanikota. After the decline of the Satavahanas, various dynasties, such as the Vakataka , Vishnukundina , Chalukya , Rashtrakuta and Western Chalukya , ruled the area. The Telangana area experienced its golden age during
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2336-513: The classical languages of India , is the most widely spoken and the primary official language of the state. The economy of Telangana is the ninth-largest in India, with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹ 15.02 trillion (US$ 180 billion) and has a GSDP per capita of ₹ 356,564 (US$ 4,300) for the financial year 2023-24. Telangana scored 0.705 on the Human Development Index during 2017-2018. The state has emerged as
2409-439: The classical languages of India , is the official language of Telangana and Urdu is the second official language of the state. About 75% of the population of Telangana speak Telugu and 12% speak Urdu . Before 1948, Urdu was the official language of Hyderabad State , and due to a lack of Telugu-language educational institutions, Urdu was the language of the educated elite of Telangana. After 1948, once Hyderabad State joined
2482-594: The 22–23 °C (72–73 °F) range. The Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests ecoregion covers much of the state, including Hyderabad. The characteristic vegetation is woodlands of Hardwickia binata and Albizia amara . Over 80% of the original forest cover has been cleared for agriculture, timber harvesting, or cattle grazing, but large blocks of forest can be found in Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve and elsewhere. The more humid Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests cover
2555-567: The British Empire in 1947, the Nizam of Hyderabad did not want to merge with the Indian Union and wanted to remain independent. The Government of India annexed Hyderabad State on 17 September 1948 after a military operation called Operation Polo . It appointed a civil servant, M. K. Vellodi , as first chief minister of Hyderabad State on 26 January 1950. He administered the state with
2628-1063: The Chhattisgarh border. Religion in Telangana (2011) According to the 2011 census, Hindus form 85.1% of the State's population. Muslims form 12.7% and Christians form 1.3%. Religious edifices like the Lakshmi Narasimha Temple in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district , Makkah Masjid in Hyderabad, the ancient Bhadrakali Temple and Govinda Rajula Gutta in Warangal, Alampur Jogulamba Temple in Jogulamba Gadwal district and Medak Cathedral , Kondagattu Anjaneya Swamy Temple , Kothakonda Veerabhadra Swamy Temple, Lord Shiva temple in Vemulawada of Rajanna-Sircilla district are several of its most famous places of worship. Buddhism also flourished in
2701-603: The Congress Working Committee unanimously passed a resolution to recommend the formation of a separate Telangana state. After various stages the bill was placed in the Parliament of India in February 2014. In February 2014, Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 bill was passed by the Parliament of India for the formation of Telangana state, comprising ten districts from north-western Andhra Pradesh. The bill received
2774-502: The Equator, one latitudinal second measures 30.715 m , one latitudinal minute is 1843 m and one latitudinal degree is 110.6 km. The circles of longitude, meridians, meet at the geographical poles, with the west–east width of a second naturally decreasing as latitude increases. On the Equator at sea level, one longitudinal second measures 30.92 m, a longitudinal minute is 1855 m and
2847-519: The Madras state bureaucrats back and implement a rule by the natives ( mulkis ) of Hyderabad (Syed Alam Sharjil) was elected chief minister of Hyderabad after (Dr. Burgula Ramakrishana Rao) for one year after he resigned from the post. The Telangana Rebellion was a peasant revolt supported by the communists . It originated in the Telangana regions of the Hyderabad State between 1946 and 1951, led by
2920-789: The Pranhita–Godavari valley, India" . Journal of Asian Earth Sciences . 21 (6): 643–654. Bibcode : 2003JAESc..21..643R . doi : 10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00050-0 . ^ Kammerer, Christian F.; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; Ray, Sanghamitra (November 2016). Angielczyk, Kenneth (ed.). "A new taxon of cistecephalid dicynodont from the upper Permian Kundaram Formation of India" . Papers in Palaeontology . 2 (4): 569–584. Bibcode : 2016PPal....2..569K . doi : 10.1002/spp2.1055 . S2CID 88833541 . ^ Reisz, Robert R.; Chatterjee, Sankar; Modesto, Sean P. (2024-11-14). "A new moradisaurine captorhinid reptile (Amniota: Eureptilia) from
2993-516: The assent of the president and was published in the Gazette on 1 March 2014. The state of Telangana was officially formed on 2 June 2014. Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao was elected as the first chief minister of Telangana, following elections in which the Bharat Rashtra Samithi party secured a majority. Hyderabad would remain as the joint capital of both Telangana and Andhra Pradesh for
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3066-573: The earliest uses of a word similar to Telangana can also be seen in a name of Malik Maqbul Tilangani (14th century CE), who was called the Tilangani , which implies that he was from Telangana. He was the commander of the Warangal Fort ( Kataka Pāludu ) and later Wazir — Minister under Firuz Shah Tughlaq . A 16th-century travel writer, Firishta , recorded in his book: During the just reign of Ibrahim Kootb Shah , Tulingana , like Egypt , became
3139-470: The early 1950s, and continued until Telangana was granted statehood on 2 June 2014. The historic city Golconda in Hyderabad established itself as a diamond trading centre, and until the end of the 19th century, the Golconda market was the primary source of the finest and largest diamonds in the world. Thus, the legendary name Golconda Diamonds became synonymous with Golconda itself. From 230 BCE to 220 CE,
3212-600: The erstwhile Hyderabad State from its predominantly Marathi -speaking one, Marathwada . It is also called "The land of Telugu people". After Asaf Jahi 's ceded the Seemandhra region to the British, the rest of the Telugu region retained the name Telangana and the other parts were called Madras Presidency's Circars and Ceded. Throughout antiquity and the Middle ages, the Telangana region
3285-460: The far western Aleutian Islands . The combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The visual grid on a map formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule . The origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km (390 mi) south of Tema , Ghana ,
3358-501: The formal capital of the Nizams. The Nizam Nasir-ud-dawlah, Asaf Jah IV signed the subsidiary alliance with the British in 1799 and lost its control over the state's defence and foreign affairs. Hyderabad State became a princely state among the presidencies and provinces of British India . In 1787, heavy flooding killed over 20,000 causing a plague which killed about 10,656,000 people in Telangana. When India became independent from
3431-475: The government of India announced the process of formation of the Telangana state. Violent protests led by people in the Coastal Andhra and Rayalseema regions occurred immediately after the announcement, and the decision was put on hold on 23 December 2009. The movement continued in Hyderabad and other districts of Telangana. There were hundreds of claimed suicides, strikes, protests and disturbances to public life demanding separate statehood. On 30 July 2013,
3504-507: The government of India's Operation Polo . Starting in 1951, the CPI shifted to a more moderate strategy of seeking to bring communism to India within the framework of Indian democracy. In December 1953, the States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) was appointed to form states on a linguistic basis. An agreement was reached between Telangana leaders and Andhra leaders on 20 February 1956 to merge Telangana and Andhra with promises to safeguard Telangana's interests. After reorganisation in 1956,
3577-509: The help of English-educated bureaucrats from the Madras and Bombay states, who were familiar with British systems of administration unlike the bureaucrats of Hyderabad State who used a completely different administrative system. The official language of the state was switched from Urdu to English . In 1952, Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected chief minister of the Hyderabad State in its first democratic election. During this time, there were violent agitations by some Telanganites to send
3650-415: The length in meters of a degree of longitude can be calculated as (Those coefficients can be improved, but as they stand the distance they give is correct within a centimeter.) The formulae both return units of meters per degree. An alternative method to estimate the length of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is to assume a spherical Earth (to get
3723-509: The local flora and fauna. Some are included within other protected areas, like Kadalivanam in Nagarjunsagar–Srisailam Tiger Reserve, but most stand alone. There are 65 sacred groves in Telangana—two in Adilabad district, thirteen in Hyderabad district, four in Karimnagar district, four in Khammam district , nine in Mahbubnagar district, four in Medak district , nine in Nalgonda district, ten in Ranga Reddy district , and three in Warangal district. Languages of Telangana (2011) Telugu , one of
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#17328687695403796-424: The mart of the whole world. Merchants from Toorkistan, Arabia, and Persia resorted to it; and they met with such encouragement that they found in it inducements to return frequently. The greatest luxuries from foreign parts daily abounded at the king's hospitable board. The word "Telinga" changed over time to "Telangana" and the name "Telangana" was designated to distinguish the predominantly Telugu-speaking region of
3869-399: The merger of Telangana and Andhra, major ones occurring in 1969, 1972, and 2009. The movement for a new state of Telangana gained momentum in the 21st century by an initiative of Kalvakuntla Chandrashekhar Rao from Bharat Rashtra Samithi later joined by the Telangana Political Joint Action Committee (TJAC), including political leadership representing the Telangana area. On 9 December 2009
3942-414: The motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911. The latitude ϕ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through (or close to) the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on
4015-525: The new Republic of India, Telugu became the language of government, and as Telugu was introduced as the medium of instruction in schools and colleges, the use of Urdu among non- Hyderabadi Muslims decreased. Both Telugu and Urdu are used in services across the state, such as the Telangana Legislature website, with Telugu and Urdu versions of the website available, as well as the Hyderabad metro, wherein both languages are used on station names and signs along with English and Hindi. The Urdu spoken in Telangana
4088-424: The one used on published maps OSGB36 by approximately 112 m. The military system ED50 , used by NATO , differs from about 120 m to 180 m. Points on the Earth's surface move relative to each other due to continental plate motion, subsidence, and diurnal Earth tidal movement caused by the Moon and the Sun. This daily movement can be as much as a meter. Continental movement can be up to 10 cm
4161-404: The proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres , although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E. This is not to be conflated with the International Date Line , which diverges from it in several places for political and convenience reasons, including between far eastern Russia and
4234-535: The region and many Aramams can be found. Hyderabadi cuisine and Kakatiya architecture both from Telangana, are on the list of creativity UNESCO creative city of gastronomy and UNESCO World Heritage Site . The cultural centers of Telangana, Hyderabad and Warangal, are noted for their wealth and renowned historical structures – Ramappa Temple ( UNESCO World Heritage Site ), Charminar , Qutb Shahi Tombs , Falaknuma Palace , Chowmahalla Palace , Warangal Fort , Kakatiya Kala Thoranam , Thousand Pillar Temple and
4307-461: The region of Telangana was merged with Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh. Following this Gentlemen's agreement , the central government established the unified state of Andhra Pradesh on 1 November 1956. G.O 553 of 1959 from the united Andhra Pradesh state moved two revenue divisions of Bhadrachalam from East Godavari and Aswaraopeta from West Godavari to Khammam for administrative convenience. There had been several movements to revoke
4380-402: The reign of the Kakatiya dynasty , which ruled most parts of the present-day Andhra Pradesh and Telangana from 1083 to 1323 CE. Rudrama Devi and Prataparudra II were prominent rulers from the Kakatiya dynasty. The dynasty weakened with the attack of Malik Kafur in 1309 and was dissolved after the defeat of Prataparudra by the forces of Muhammad bin Tughluq in 1323. The area came under
4453-409: The rule of the Delhi Sultanate in the 14th century, followed by the Bahmani Sultanate . Quli Qutb Mulk , a governor of Golconda, revolted against the Bahmani Sultanate and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty in 1518. On 21 September 1687, the Golconda Sultanate came under the rule of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after a year-long siege of the Golconda fort. During the early seventeenth century
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#17328687695404526-430: The same datum will obtain the same location measurement for the same physical location. However, two different datums will usually yield different location measurements for the same physical location, which may appear to differ by as much as several hundred meters; this not because the location has moved, but because the reference system used to measure it has shifted. Because any spatial reference system or map projection
4599-484: The same prime meridian but measured latitude from the Equator instead. After their work was translated into Arabic in the 9th century, Al-Khwārizmī 's Book of the Description of the Earth corrected Marinus' and Ptolemy's errors regarding the length of the Mediterranean Sea , causing medieval Arabic cartography to use a prime meridian around 10° east of Ptolemy's line. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes ' recovery of Ptolemy's text
4672-486: The shape of the earth (usually a reference ellipsoid for a horizontal datum, and a more precise geoid for a vertical datum) to the earth. Traditionally, this binding was created by a network of control points , surveyed locations at which monuments are installed, and were only accurate for a region of the surface of the Earth. Some newer datums are bound to the center of mass of the Earth. This combination of mathematical model and physical binding mean that anyone using
4745-424: The southwest monsoons . Telangana contains various soil types, some of which are red sandy loams (Chalaka), Red loamy sands (Dubba), lateritic soils, salt-affected soils, alluvial soils, shallow to medium black soils and very deep black cotton soils. These soil types allow the planting of a variety of fruits and vegetable crops such as mangoes, oranges, coconut, sugarcane, paddy, banana and flower crops. Telangana
4818-416: The state. Marathi is predominant in regions bordering Maharashtra, especially in the old Adilabad district , while Kannada is spoken by significant minorities along some parts of the Karnataka border. The old Adilabad district has a large number of speakers of tribal languages such as Gondi and Kolami , while Koya is a language spoken by significant numbers in Bhadradi Kothagudem district and along
4891-406: The surface of Earth called parallels , as they are parallel to the Equator and to each other. The North Pole is 90° N; the South Pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the Equator , the fundamental plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The Equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres . The longitude λ of a point on Earth's surface
4964-415: The tributary of marathas after suffering series of defeats paying annual chauth in return for retaining their domain. The Medak and Warangal divisions of Telangana were part of their realm. When Asif Jah I died in 1748, there was political unrest due to contention for the throne among his sons, who were aided by opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces. In 1769, Hyderabad city became
5037-589: The upper Permian of India" . PeerJ . 12 : e18394. doi : 10.7717/peerj.18394 . ISSN 2167-8359 . PMC 11569782 . Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kundaram_Formation&oldid=1259443554 " Categories : Lopingian geology Geology of India Permian India Hidden categories: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata Geographic coordinate system A geographic coordinate system ( GCS )
5110-420: The viceroy. In 1724, Qamar-ud-din Khan defeated Mubariz Khan to reclaim the Deccan suba, establishing it as an autonomous province of the Mughal empire. He took the name Asif Jah , starting what came to be known as the Asaf Jahi dynasty . He named the area Hyderabad Deccan . Subsequent rulers retained the title Nizam ul-Mulk and were called Asif Jahi Nizams or nizams of Hyderabad . Hyderabad Nizams remained
5183-445: The width per minute and second, divide by 60 and 3600, respectively): where Earth's average meridional radius M r {\displaystyle \textstyle {M_{r}}\,\!} is 6,367,449 m . Since the Earth is an oblate spheroid , not spherical, that result can be off by several tenths of a percent; a better approximation of a longitudinal degree at latitude ϕ {\displaystyle \phi }
5256-553: The word "Telangana" from Trilinga desha ("land of three lingas "), a region named after 3 important Shaivite shrines present in it: Kaleshwaram (present day Telangana), Srisailam and Draksharama (present day Andhra Pradesh ). According to Jayadheer Tirumala Rao , a scholar of history, the name Telangana is of Gondi origin. Rao asserts that it is derived from "Telangadh", which means "south" in Gondi and has been referred in "Gond script dating back to about 2000 years". One of
5329-560: Was part of multiple Indian empires; such as the Mauryans , Satavahanas , Vishnukundinas , Chalukyas , Cholas , Rashtrakutas , Kakatiyas , Delhi Sultanate , Bahmani Sultanate and Golconda Sultanate . During the 17th—19th centuries, the region was ruled by the Mughals and Nizam of Hyderabad . In 1823, the Nizam's ceded Northern Circars —( Coastal Andhra ) and Ceded Districts —( Rayalseema ) to
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