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25-457: The Koyamazaki site spreads out on the southwestern foot of Mount Chōkai , on the right bank of the Ushiwatari River. The main remains are on the hill slopes to the north and the lowlands to the west, centering on a tongue-shaped plateau about 5 meters above sea level which protrudes from the foot of the mountain into the plains. The Ushiwata River flows westward to the south of the ruins. This

50-440: Is a mountain enthusiast to the extent that he has even belonged to an alpine club , and it has been reported that it is a dream of his to reach the summit of every mountain on the list. Since the 1980s, there has been a climbing boom amongst the middle-aged. It is not alpinism for experts, sometimes including rock climbing , that has been popularised, but rather more casual hiking or trekking for ordinary people. However, due to

75-469: Is a river with a salmon run , and salmon bones have been detected in the soil of the ruins. In the virgin forest on the east side of the ruins is Maruike Pond, which has existed since the Jōmon period and is still worshiped as a sacred site today. It has a diameter of 30 meters and a depth of 3 to 4 meters. The site was inhabited over a period of time, from the early Jōmon period to the late Jōmon period, with

100-400: Is not a text that people can read to vicariously experience climbing or nature. Some think that the reason the list has been widely well received is that it put into focus 100 mountains which were already well known. Fukada selected 100 mountains from those he had climbed according to three criteria: grace, history and individuality. There was some flexibility regarding the height, with some of

125-504: The Bōsō Peninsula . Unsatisfied with this selection, Fukuda, who had climbed many mountains in Japan, selected 100 celebrated Japanese mountains based on a combination of grace, history, and individuality. Though it was at first unknown other than to some hiking-lovers and avid readers, reports that the list was one of the (then) Crown Prince's favorite books increased its profile. The Emperor

150-651: The JDS Chōkai , a Kongō class guided missile destroyer currently in service in the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force . List of the 100 famous mountains in Japan 100 Famous Japanese Mountains ( 日本百名山 , Nihon Hyaku-meizan ) is a book written in 1964 by mountaineer and author Kyūya Fukada . The list has been the topic of NHK documentaries, and other hiking books. An English edition, One Hundred Mountains of Japan , translated by Martin Hood,

175-516: The Pacific Ocean to the east. On the south side of the mountain is “Shinji Sekkei,” where snow remains in the shape of the kanji for “heart” in even in summer, and portions of the summit have perennial snow, and geological evidence of glaciation in the recent past. Indigenous species of Mount Chōkai include the butterfly thistle and butterfly fish. Mount Chōkai is a very active mountain. Known major eruptions occurred: Mount Chōkai has been

200-547: The Koyamazaki site. Mount Ch%C5%8Dkai Mount Chōkai ( 鳥海山 , Chōkai-san or Chōkai-zan ) is an active volcano located on the southern border of Akita and Yamagata in the Tōhoku region of Japan, and is 2,236 m (7,336 ft) tall. Because of its (roughly) symmetrical shape and massive size, it is also variously known as Dewa Fuji ( 出羽富士 ) , Akita Fuji ( 秋田富士 ) or Shōnai Fuji ( 庄内富士 ) depending on

225-413: The bitterness and make them more palatable. There was also a separate 4x 6 meter platform made of andesite paving stones on a wooden foundation to prevent uneven settling. The presence of a grinding stone with red iron oxide powder along with unfinished wooden products in this area suggests that this was connected with a workshop used to produce the red lacquered wooden products have also been unearthed at

250-493: The creation of more mountain lodges and trails, and the improvement of mountaineering technology, it became possible to climb mountains which had previously been considered very rugged. The list became widely read, and more and more people have chosen mountains from the book to climb. In imitation of the Emperor, many people have also set the goal of reaching every summit on the list. Mountaineering programs on NHK helped popularize

275-624: The highest peak in Yamagata, and the second highest in the Tōhoku region after Mt. Hiuchigatake (altitude 2,356 m). The highest elevation of Mount Chōkai within Akita Prefecture has an altitude of 1,775 meters, and thus the mountain is also the highest in Akita Prefecture. From the summit, it is possible to see the Shirakami Mountains and Mount Iwaki to the north, Sado Island to the south and

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300-585: The island of Tobishima in the Sea of Japan was originally a part of the summit of Mount Chokai. Omonoimi no Kami  [ ja ; simple ] is the God of the mountain and worshipped at Chōkaisan Ōmonoimi Shrine . Three ships have been named after Mount Chōkai: Chōkai , an early steam gunboat, and the cruiser Japanese cruiser  Chōkai (sunk in 1944), which were both in the Imperial Japanese Navy , and

325-433: The late Jōmon period in the lowlands on the west side of the site, connected to the former channel of the Ushiwatari River. It consists of paving stones, driven piles, wooden paving remains, and road-like remains with a length of 23 metes and width of up to two meters. The structure also appeared to function as a levee. Similar facilities have been found in other Jōmon period settlements and were used to process acorns to remove

350-429: The late period, the lowland on the west side of the ruins was developed, and the so-called "waterside remains" (described below) were built. By the middle of the late period, the use of the "waterside remains" had ended, and traces of settlement declined, leading to the speculation that the settlement was gradually abandoned. The "waterside remains" that characterize this site are a series of facilities that were built in

375-400: The list. The station televised a documentary about taking up the mountains on the list one by one, and Rambō Minami 's mountaineering primer for the middle-aged. These gained broad popularity, and the list became widely known. Since then, lists of 200 and 300 mountains, lists of hundreds of mountains in various localities, and a list of 100 floral mountains have appeared. In 2002, a new record

400-454: The location of the viewer. In addition to being one of the 100 Famous Landscapes of Japan, it is also included as one of the 100 famous mountains in Japan , and famous 100 Geographical Features of Japan. It is surrounded by Chōkai Quasi-National Park . It is also a National Historic Site of Japan , and is regarded as a sacred mountain by followers of the Shugendō branch of Shinto which has

425-399: The major concentration of remains from the late-middle to final period. The length of continuous occupation provides a valuable onsite into how land use evolved with changes in the natural environment, such as major changes in sea levels and climate in the "Jōmon transgression" and "Jōmon regression". It is provides insight into differences between villages located on the slopes of the hills and

450-413: The middle Jōmon period, the coastline receded (the Jōmon regression) to almost its present position due to the effects of climate cooling. In the middle to late period, a settlement was formed on the hillside on the north side of the site (northwest of Maruike Pond). Cultivated species such as hemp , millet , and burdock -like species have been unearthed from the inclusion layer of the late period. Also in

475-469: The mountains, like Mount Tsukuba and Mount Kaimon , being under the limit. There have been many varying opinions about the criteria for selection. It is often pointed out that the list emphasizes mountains in the Chūbu region . It has been reported that Fukada, who was from Ishikawa Prefecture , was brought up looking at Mt. Haku, but he only selected 13 further west. However, grace and individuality are in

500-496: The object of mountain worship since ancient times. From the Heian period , it gradually became a training ground for Shugendō, as an avatar of Yakushi Nyorai . From the south was a pilgrimage path to the summit. In the middle of the Edo period the mountain drew many pilgrims and had 33 chapels at its base., with additional routes to its summit opened in the north. There is also a tradition that

525-455: The shrine Chōkaisan Ōmonoimi Shrine there and is popular with hikers. Mount Chōkai is a complex stratovolcano made of two old and new newer volcanoes, composed primarily of basalt or andesite . Mount Chōkai is shared by two municipalities in Akita Prefecture and four municipalities Yamagata Prefecture; however, its peak is located in Yuza , on the Yamagata side of the border. It is therefore

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550-604: The site, was a lagoon during the Jomon transgression in the early Jōmon period, but became a tidal flat and then a low marsh after the middle Jomon period. Relics from the early Jomon period have been unearthed from a slightly elevated area on the east side of the site, and three shell middens and one Prehistoric storage pit for storage of acorns ( Quercus serrata ) can be seen in these lowlands. The shell middens contained mainly clams that lived in brackish water. Acorns have traces of processing to prevent germination during storage. During

575-412: The waterside remains located in the lowlands. A large amount of both animal and plant remains have been unearthed from this site, and since these were unearthed stratigraphically together with earthenware , stone tools , and wooden products, the evolution the Jōmon diet can also be surmised. According to analysis of diatom fossils , the lowland around the tongue-shaped plateau, which is the center of

600-482: Was established when all the mountains were traversed in 66 days. This was superseded in 2007, with a new record of 48 continuous days. This was further cut to 33 days in 2014 Compared to other modern essays on Japanese mountains such as Mountaineering and Exploration in the Japanese Alps by Walter Weston , the book is short. Fukuda writes about the history of the mountains, especially the origins of their names. It

625-568: Was published in 2014 by the University of Hawaii Press ( ISBN   9780824836771 ). The complete list (sorted into regions from northeast to southwest) is below. Selections of celebrated mountains have been produced since the Edo period . Tani Bunchō praised 90 mountains in 日本名山図会 ( A collection of maps and pictures of famous Japanese mountains ), but among these were included such small mountains as Mount Asama in Ise, Mie and Mount Nokogiri on

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