31-483: Korolyov or Korolev (Russian: Королёв , IPA: [kərɐˈlʲɵf] ) is an industrial city in Moscow Oblast , Russia , well known as the cradle of Soviet and Russian space exploration . As of the 2010 Census , its population was 183,402, the largest as a science city. As of 2018, the population was more than 222,000 people. It was known as Kaliningrad ( Калинингра́д ) from 1938 to 1996 and served as
62-579: A junction of trade routes between the Moscow and Vladimir-Suzdal principalities. After the Mongol conquests in the 13th century, the region was in decline. The village of Podlipki had formed on the site by the 18th century, when one of the first textile factories in Russia was established there. From the late 19 century, Podlipki was also known as a dacha village frequented by many literali , as can be witnessed by
93-424: A part of municipal formations are known as inter-settlement territories [ ru ] , a concept introduced in 2019. The Federal Law was amended on 27 May 2014 to include new types of municipal divisions: In June 2014, Chelyabinsky Urban Okrug became the first urban okrug to implement intra-urban divisions. Federal legislation introduced on May 1, 2019, added an additional territorial unit: All
124-620: Is twinned with: ↑ Population of Russian Federation by municipality from 1 January 2016. Численность населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2016 года. Таблица «31. Численность населения городов и пгт по федеральным округам и субъектам Российской Федерации на 1 января 2016 года». RAR-архив (1,0 Mб) [1] Types of inhabited localities in Russia The classification system of inhabited localities in Russia and some other post-Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared with those in other countries. During
155-562: Is called FCC – Flights Control Center. In July 1996, the city was renamed in commemoration of Sergei Korolev , the father of the Soviet/Russian space program, who died in 1966. Since 1997, Korolyov has hosted the International Space Olympics , an annual competition for young people to promote space related research. In the 12th century, a Slavic settlement was located on the site of modern Korolyov. The settlement stood on
186-508: Is the place in which the first Youth Residential Complex in the Soviet Union was built. Another notable company located in the city is OAO Kompozit , which is engaged in the field of materials science. Today the city is prosperous overall. But in the Soviet-era economy , the city typified the wide contrasts and ironic juxtapositions that arose as some aspects of life were heavily funded by
217-706: The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug being the only exception). On 18 March 2014, as a part of the annexation of Crimea and following the establishment of the Republic of Crimea (an independent entity that was recognized only by Russia), a treaty was signed between Russia and the Republic of Crimea incorporating the Republic of Crimea and the City of Sevastopol as constituent members of the Russian Federation. According to
248-765: The Donetsk People's Republic , the Kherson Oblast , the Lugansk People's Republic , the federal city of Sevastopol , and the Zaporozhye Oblast —are internationally recognized as part of Ukraine . All federal subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council ( upper house of the Federal Assembly ). They do, however, differ in
279-604: The RKK Energia ; when the Vostok space vehicle was being developed, this research center was designated as NII-88 or POB 989. Russian Mission Control Center is also located in Korolyov. Though the real control is decentralized due to security reasons and all space aircraft may be controlled from many different locations across Russia, the historic center of control is still in Korolev, and
310-628: The Soviet time, each of the republics of the Soviet Union , including the Russian SFSR , had its own legislative documents dealing with classification of inhabited localities. After the Dissolution of the Soviet Union , the task of developing and maintaining such classification in Russia was delegated to the federal subjects . While currently there are certain peculiarities to classifications used in many federal subjects, they are all still largely based on
341-430: The framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated as Korolyov City Under Oblast Jurisdiction —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , Korolyov City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Korolyov Urban Okrug . In June 2014, Yubileyny, Moscow Oblast Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction was merged into Korolyov City Under Oblast Jurisdiction and on
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#1732877190529372-529: The invasion of Ukraine that began in late February, which were organized by Russian occupation authorities in territories where hostilities were ongoing and much of the population had fled. It occurred seven months after the start of the invasion and less than a month after the start of the Ukrainian Kharkiv counteroffensive . The signing ceremony was held in the Grand Kremlin Palace in Moscow in
403-747: The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 17 August 1982 "On the Procedures of Dealing with the Matters of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the RSFSR". The 1993 Constitution, however, did not identify the matters of the administrative-territorial divisions as the responsibility of the federal government nor as the joint responsibility of the federal government and the subjects. This
434-547: The Treaty, the Republic of Crimea is accepted as a federal subject with the status of a republic while the City of Sevastopol has received federal city status. Neither the Republic of Crimea nor the city of Sevastopol are politically recognized as parts of Russia by most countries . Similarly, Russia also annexed four Ukrainian oblasts of Donetsk , Kherson , Luhansk , and Zaporozhzhia on 30 September 2022 after internationally-unrecognized referendums held days prior, during
465-458: The degree of autonomy they enjoy. De jure, excluding the occupied Ukrainian territories, there are 6 types of federal subjects—21 republics , 9 krais , 46 oblasts , 2 federal cities , 1 autonomous oblast , and 4 autonomous okrugs . Autonomous okrugs are the only ones that have a peculiar status of being federal subjects in their own right, yet at the same time they are considered to be administrative divisions of other federal subjects (with
496-477: The federal and regional bodies of law, and ensure governmental control over the civil service, judiciary, and federal agencies operating in the regions. The federal district system was established on 13 May 2000. Since 30 September 2022, the Russian Federation has consisted of eighty-nine federal subjects that are constituent members of the Federation. However, six of these federal subjects—the Republic of Crimea ,
527-616: The federal subjects are grouped into eight federal districts, each administered by an envoy appointed by the President of Russia . The envoys serve as liaisons between the federal subjects and the federal government and are primarily responsible for overseeing the compliance of the federal subjects with federal laws. For economic and statistical purposes the federal subjects are grouped into twelve economic regions. Economic regions and their parts sharing common economic trends are in turn grouped into economic zones and macrozones . In order for
558-506: The following types of high-level administrative divisions are recognized: Autonomous okrugs and okrugs are intermediary units of administrative divisions, which include some of the federal subject's districts and cities/towns/urban-type settlements of federal subject significance. Typical lower-level administrative divisions include: In the course of the Russian municipal reform of 2004–2005, all federal subjects of Russia were to streamline
589-433: The government while others remained chronically underfunded. Yuri Krotkov described in his 1967 memoir how, at the same time that advanced technology was being built for space rockets, the textile plants of old Podlipki went on for decades with nearly no improvement on their 1920s equipment, and starkly impoverished workers in various hard and glamourless jobs of prerevolutionary days crossed paths, sometimes resentfully, with
620-479: The implementation of the municipal reform , by 1 January 2006, Korolyov was granted the status of the Korolyov urban district as the only settlement within it. On 14 September 2014, the candidate from the United Russia party, Alexander Khodyrev , was elected head of Korolyov. The main enterprise of the city is the RKK Energia , but there are several kinds of industry in the city. This naukograd (science city)
651-448: The leading Soviet center for production of anti-tank and air-defense guns. In 1946, in the aftermath of World War II , the artillery plant was reconstructed for production of rockets , launch vehicles , and spacecraft , under the guidance of Soviet scientist and academician Sergei Korolev , who envisioned, consolidated and guided the activities of many people in the Soviet space-exploration program . The plant later became known as
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#1732877190529682-564: The municipal side, Yubileyny Urban Okrug was merged into Korolyov Urban Okrug. The town of Yubileyny ceased to exist as an independent entity. As of 1 January 2016, Korolyov was in 93 place out of 1112 cities in Russia based on demographics. On 2 June 2014, the city of Yubileniy officially became a part of Korolyov. With a total population of 220 thousand people, Korolyov became the third largest city in Moscow Oblast based on population after Balashikha (428,400) and Khimki (239 967). During
713-554: The name of Podlipki-Dachnye railway station . They later moved their dachas to Peredelkino in Moscow 's southwestern suburb, when Podlipki became a closed city of the Russian SFSR . In 1924, the first OGPU working commune in the Soviet Union was established at Podlipki. In 1938, the Kalininsky settlement near an artillery plant (which had previously been relocated from Leningrad to better protect it in case of any future war)
744-574: The plans instead, the official reason given was financial problems. Now Vympel only plays in the amateur league of Moscow Oblast . In 2014 a bandy federation for the city was founded. The area was a place of elite dachas at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. Many famous people, such as Konstantin Stanislavsky , Anton Chekhov , Valery Bryusov , Boris Pasternak , Anna Akhmatova , Isaac Levitan , Pavel Tretyakov , Marina Tsvetaeva and Vladimir Lenin , lived here. Korolyov
775-453: The presence of occupation authority heads Leonid Pasechnik , Denis Pushilin , Yevgeny Balitsky , and Vladimir Saldo , and Russian President Vladimir Putin . Like Crimea, none of the four occupied regions are internationally recognized as part of Russia. Prior to the adoption of the 1993 Constitution of Russia , the administrative-territorial structure of Russia was regulated by the Decree of
806-535: The skilled technicians and scientists, who were substantially better paid despite the slogans of Soviet ideology around the equal dignity of manual labourers . The bandy club Vympel has played in the Russian Bandy Supreme League , which is the second-highest division. Their home arena has a capacity of 10 000. A plan existed to equip the stadium with artificial ice, but the project has been abandoned. Although an indoor ice hockey-sized arena entered
837-492: The structures of local self-government, which is guaranteed by the Constitution of Russia . The reform mandated that each federal subject was to have a unified structure of municipal government bodies by 1 January 2005, and a law enforcing the reform provisions went into effect on 1 January 2006. According to the law, the units of the municipal division (called " municipal formations ") are as follows: Territories not included as
868-434: The system used in the RSFSR. In all federal subjects, the inhabited localities are classified into two major categories: urban and rural. Further divisions of these categories vary slightly from one federal subject to another, but they all follow common trends described below. In 1957, the procedures for categorizing urban-type settlements were further refined. Multiple types of rural localities exist, some common through
899-491: The whole territory of Russia, some specific to certain federal subjects. The most common types include: Subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions Russia is divided into several types and levels of subdivisions. The federal districts are groupings of the federal subjects of Russia. Federal districts are not mentioned in the nation's constitution, do not have competences of their own, and do not manage regional affairs. They exist solely to monitor consistency between
930-498: Was granted town status and named Kaliningrad (meaning Kalinin City, after Bolshevik leader Mikhail Kalinin ; not to be confused with the Baltic port city also renamed Kaliningrad after Mikhail Kalinin in 1946). Over the next three decades the town expanded greatly as a home of rocket manufacturing for both military missiles and the Soviet space program . As such it was a closed city to foreigners, who could not travel there. Within
961-415: Was interpreted by the governments of the federal subjects as a sign that the matters of the administrative-territorial divisions became solely the responsibility of the federal subjects. As a result, the modern administrative-territorial structures of the federal subjects vary significantly from one federal subject to another. While the implementation details may be considerably different, in general, however,