Musical theatre is a form of theatrical performance that combines songs, spoken dialogue , acting and dance. The story and emotional content of a musical – humor, pathos , love, anger – are communicated through words, music, movement and technical aspects of the entertainment as an integrated whole. Although musical theatre overlaps with other theatrical forms like opera and dance, it may be distinguished by the equal importance given to the music as compared with the dialogue, movement and other elements. Since the early 20th century, musical theatre stage works have generally been called, simply, musicals .
166-1146: Korea Musical Theater Association awards [REDACTED] This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Korea Musical Awards" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( October 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) Korea Musical Awards Awarded for Excellence in musical theatre Date January 10, 2022 ( 2022-01-10 ) Location Seoul Country [REDACTED] South Korea Presented by Korea Musical Theater Association First awarded 1995 Last awarded 2013 Most nominations 7 - Red Book Website http://www.koreamusicalawards.com [REDACTED] Television/radio coverage Network Naver TV Korea Musical Awards Korea Musical Awards ( Korean : 한국뮤지컬대상 )
332-532: A Saigon bar and brothel, shortly before the end of the Vietnam War , it is Kim's first day as a bargirl . The seventeen-year-old peasant girl is hauled in by the Engineer, a French-Vietnamese hustler who owns the joint. Backstage, the girls ready themselves for the night's show, jeering at Kim's inexperience ("Overture / Backstage Dreamland"). The U.S. Marines, aware that they will soon be leaving Vietnam, party with
498-535: A " minstrel show ". Though there had been a widespread, well-publicised international search among Asian actresses to play Kim, there had been no equivalent search for Asian actors to play the major Asian male roles, specifically, those of the Engineer and Thuy. The American scholar Angelica Pao noted that in the West End, Mackintosh went out of his way to cast Asian actresses to play the Vietnamese women, arguing that this
664-557: A Little Christmas", "I Am What I Am", "Mame", "The Best of Times", "Before the Parade Passes By", "Put On Your Sunday Clothes", "It Only Takes a Moment", "Bosom Buddies" and "I Won't Send Roses", recorded by such artists as Louis Armstrong , Eydie Gormé , Barbra Streisand , Petula Clark and Bernadette Peters. Herman's songbook has been the subject of two popular musical revues, Jerry's Girls (Broadway, 1985) and Showtune (off-Broadway, 2003). The musical started to diverge from
830-1620: A Star Musical Production Acom 2nd 1996 Kim Seong-nyeo Seven Brides Shinshi Musical Company 3rd 1997 Yoon Bok-hee Padam Padam Padam Theatrical Company Yoo 4th 1998 Kim Won-jeong Empress Myeongseong Itaewon Production Acom 5th 1999 Jeon Soo-kyung Life Shinshi Musical Company 6th 2000 Lee Jung-hwa Typhoon Seoul Performing Arts 7th 2001 Choi Jeong-won Chicago Shinshi Musical Company 8th 2002 Jeon Soo-kyung Kiss Me, Kate Shinshi Musical Company 9th 2003 Seo Ji-young Footloose Musical Company Daejung 10th 2004 Kang Hyo-seong 11st 2005 Bae Hae-sun 12nd 2006 Oh Na-ra 13rd 2007 Kim Seon-yeong 14th 2008 Kim So-hyun 15th 2009 Hong Ji-min Dreamgirls PMC Musical 16th 2010 Choi Jeong-won Kiss Me, Kate 17th 2011 Jo Jung-eun 18th 2012 Ock Joo-hyun 19th 2013 정선아 (배우) Best Actor [ edit ] Best Actor # Year Recipient Musical Company 1st 1995 Park Cheol-hO Jinge-maeng-ge-nierreun-deul Seoul Performing Arts 2nd 1996 Nam Kyung-eup Love Rides in
996-5375: A Star Production Acom 2nd 1996 Park Dong-woo Empress Myeongseong 3rd 1997 Park Dong-woo Winter Wanderer 4th 1998 Yoon Jung-seop Hanna Seoul Metropolitan Musical Company 5th 1999 Byun Chang-soon (costume) Bari-Forgotten Lullaby Seoul Art Troupe 6th 2000 Lee Tae-seop (costume) Rock Hamlet Seoul Art Troupe 7th 2001 Lee Soo-dong(costume) Chicago, Rent, Duet Sinsi Musical Company All That Jazz Star Search 21 8th 2002 Kim Joon-seop (costume) Tick, Tick... Boom! Shinshi Musical Company 9th 2003 Chun Kyung-soon, Morning of Goryeo Seoul Art Troupe Ha Seong-ok 10th 2004 11st 2005 Seo Sook-jin Jesus Christ Superstar Seol & Company, RUC, CJ Entertainment (stage) 12nd 2006 Hwang Yeon-hee Sword of Fire Cocozum (costumes) 13rd 2007 Seongmin Park Seongmin Park Singles Crocodile Company, OD Musical Company, CJ Entertainment 14th 2008 Jeong Seung-ho The Harmonium in My Memory Showtic Communications 15th 2009 Robin Wagner Dreamgirls OD Musical Company, CJ Entertainment, Charlotte Theater (stage) 16th 2010 Park Dong-woo Hero 17th 2011 Goddess Dong Moby Dick 18th 2012 19th 2013 Special Award [ edit ] Special Award # Year Recipient Musical Company 1st 1995 — 2nd 1996 Yeonho Choi (Stage Artist) Empress Myeongseong Musical Production Acom 3rd 1997 Chae Kyung-ho Winter Travel Acom Broadway 42nd Street chorus team 4th 1998 Younghwan Kim (Chief of New York Performance Promotion Committee’ Empress Myeongseong Hwan Performance Nanta Hyunjoo Oh Hanne Seoul Metropolitan Musical Company 5th 1999 Kim Sang-yeol 6th 2000 Minki Kim (Representative of Hakjeon Theater Company) Hakjeon Theater Company Jubong Choi (Representative of Gagyo) Gagyo 7th 2001 Monk Jungwoo (Shinshi Musical Company Sponsorship Chairman) Sinsi Musical Company 8th 2002 Park Myeong-seong (CEO of Shinshi Musical Company) Sinsi Musical Company Yun Dong-ha (CEO of Central Stage) Central Stage 9th 2003 Ulsan Metropolitan City Musical Cheoyong Seoul Performing Arts 10th 2004 Planning Award: Park Myeong-seong (CEO of Shinsi Musical Company) Shinsi Musical Company 11st 2005 Producer Award: Kim Yong-hyun (Seoul Musical Company CEO) Seoul Musical Company, CJ Entertainment 12nd 2006 Producer Award: Seol Do-yoon (Director of Mortis performance business, CEO of Seol & Company) Mortis performance business 13rd 2007 Producer Award: Song Seung-hwan (CEO, PMC Production) PMC Production 14th 2008 Producer Award: Hojin Yun (CEO of ACOM International) ACOM International 15th 2009 Producer Award: Shin Chun-soo (CEO of OD Musical Company) OD Musical Company) 16th 2010 Seongnam Arts Center References [ edit ] ^ "Dreamgirls Sweeps Korea Musical Awards" . The Korea Times . 2009-10-27 . Retrieved 2023-05-08 . ^ " The Harmonium in My Memory Wins 6 Korea Musical Awards" . The Chosun Ilbo . October 21, 2008 . Retrieved November 19, 2012 . ^ Chung, Ah-young (October 27, 2009). "Dreamgirls Sweeps Korea Musical Awards" . The Korea Times . Retrieved November 19, 2012 . External links [ edit ] Official website Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korea_Musical_Awards&oldid=1230835295 " Categories : Korea Musical Awards Awards established in 1995 1995 establishments in South Korea 2017 establishments in South Korea Musical theatre awards South Korean theatre awards Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Articles needing additional references from October 2016 All articles needing additional references Articles containing Korean-language text Interlanguage link template existing link All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from September 2018 Musical theatre Although music has been
1162-612: A better life ("Movie in My Mind"). John buys a room for Chris and the virgin Kim ("The Transaction"). Kim is reluctant and shy, but dances with Chris, who tries to pay her to leave the nightclub. When the Engineer interferes, thinking that Chris does not like Kim, Chris allows himself to be led to her room ("The Dance"). Chris, watching Kim sleep, asks God why he met her just as he was about to leave Vietnam ("Why, God, Why?"). When Kim wakes up, Chris tries to give her money, but she refuses, saying that it
1328-579: A book musical are its music , lyrics and book . The book or script of a musical refers to the story, character development and dramatic structure, including the spoken dialogue and stage directions, but it can also refer to the dialogue and lyrics together, which are sometimes referred to as the libretto (Italian for "small book"). The music and lyrics together form the score of a musical and include songs, incidental music and musical scenes, which are "theatrical sequence[s] set to music, often combining song with spoken dialogue." The interpretation of
1494-510: A completely new genre – the musical play as distinguished from musical comedy. Now ... everything else was subservient to that play. Now ... came complete integration of song, humor and production numbers into a single and inextricable artistic entity." As the Great Depression set in during the post-Broadway national tour of Show Boat , the public turned back to mostly light, escapist song-and-dance entertainment. Audiences on both sides of
1660-880: A dozen theaters in America where we can do this." A second national US tour launched in Seattle in early 1995 and closed in August 2000 in Buffalo, New York, after playing engagements in most major US and Canadian markets, including Honolulu, San Francisco, Toronto, and return engagements in Boston (twice), Chicago and West Palm Beach. The tour originally starred Deedee Magno Hall as Kim (replaced by Kristine Remigio, Kym Hoy and Mika Nishida), Thom Sesma as The Engineer (replaced by Joseph Anthony Foronda), and Matt Bogart as Chris (replaced by Will Chase , Steven Pasquale , Greg Stone and Will Swenson ). After
1826-511: A few exceptions, compared with London runs, until the 1920s. Gilbert and Sullivan were widely pirated and also were imitated in New York by productions such as Reginald De Koven 's Robin Hood (1891) and John Philip Sousa 's El Capitan (1896). A Trip to Coontown (1898) was the first musical comedy entirely produced and performed by African Americans on Broadway (largely inspired by the routines of
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#17328842765651992-402: A few players . Rock musicals usually employ a small group of mostly rock instruments, and some musicals may call for only a piano or two instruments. The music in musicals uses a range of "styles and influences including operetta , classical techniques, folk music , jazz [and] local or historical styles [that] are appropriate to the setting." Musicals may begin with an overture played by
2158-641: A five-minute song than are spoken in a five-minute block of dialogue. Therefore, there is less time to develop drama in a musical than in a straight play of equivalent length, since a musical usually devotes more time to music than to dialogue. Within the compressed nature of a musical, the writers must develop the characters and the plot. The material presented in a musical may be original, or it may be adapted from novels ( Wicked and Man of La Mancha ), plays ( Hello, Dolly! and Carousel ), classic legends ( Camelot ), historical events ( Evita and Hamilton ) or films ( The Producers and Billy Elliot ). On
2324-512: A love relationship sanctioned and restricted by Protestant ideals of marriage; that a married couple should make a moral home with children away from the city in a suburb or small town; that the woman's function was as homemaker and mother; and that Americans incorporate an independent and pioneering spirit or that their success is self-made. The 1950s were crucial to the development of the American musical. Damon Runyon 's eclectic characters were at
2490-502: A musical adaptation of Oscar Wilde 's 1895 hit The Importance of Being Earnest . West Side Story (1957) transported Romeo and Juliet to modern day New York City and converted the feuding Montague and Capulet families into opposing ethnic gangs, the Jets and the Sharks. The book was adapted by Arthur Laurents , with music by Leonard Bernstein and lyrics by newcomer Stephen Sondheim . It
2656-416: A musical generally became more expensive. Shuffle Along (1921), an all-African American show, was a hit on Broadway. A new generation of composers of operettas also emerged in the 1920s, such as Rudolf Friml and Sigmund Romberg , to create a series of popular Broadway hits. In London, writer-stars such as Ivor Novello and Noël Coward became popular, but the primacy of British musical theatre from
2822-497: A musical is the responsibility of its creative team, which includes a director, a musical director, usually a choreographer and sometimes an orchestrator . A musical's production is also creatively characterized by technical aspects, such as set design , costumes , stage properties (props) , lighting and sound . The creative team, designs and interpretations generally change from the original production to succeeding productions. Some production elements, however, may be retained from
2988-412: A musical style more aptly suited to twentieth-century society and its vernacular idiom. It was from America that the more direct style emerged, and in America that it was able to flourish in a developing society less hidebound by nineteenth-century tradition." In France, comédie musicale was written between in the early decades of the century for such stars as Yvonne Printemps . Progressing far beyond
3154-535: A new Broadway record. In Britain, Me and My Girl ran for 1,646 performances. Still, a few creative teams began to build on Show Boat ' s innovations. Of Thee I Sing (1931), a political satire by the Gershwins, was the first musical awarded the Pulitzer Prize . As Thousands Cheer (1933), a revue by Irving Berlin and Moss Hart in which each song or sketch was based on a newspaper headline, marked
3320-460: A number of blockbusters, like Fiddler on the Roof (1964; 3,242 performances), Hello, Dolly! (1964; 2,844 performances), Funny Girl (1964; 1,348 performances) and Man of La Mancha (1965; 2,328 performances), and some more risqué pieces like Cabaret , before ending with the emergence of the rock musical . In Britain, Oliver! (1960) ran for 2,618 performances, but the long-run champion of
3486-560: A part of dramatic presentations since ancient times, modern Western musical theatre emerged during the 19th century, with many structural elements established by the light opera works of Jacques Offenbach in France, Gilbert and Sullivan in Britain and the works of Harrigan and Hart in America. These were followed by Edwardian musical comedies , which emerged in Britain, and the musical theatre works of American creators like George M. Cohan at
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#17328842765653652-517: A river ... with lots of obstacles and mishaps along the way". As transportation improved, poverty in London and New York diminished, and street lighting made for safer travel at night, the number of patrons for the growing number of theatres increased enormously. Plays ran longer, leading to better profits and improved production values, and men began to bring their families to the theatre. The first musical theatre piece to exceed 500 consecutive performances
3818-497: A run of 931 performances. Gilbert and Sullivan's influence on later musical theatre was profound, creating examples of how to "integrate" musicals so that the lyrics and dialogue advanced a coherent story. Their works were admired and copied by early authors and composers of musicals in Britain and America. A Trip to Chinatown (1891) was Broadway's long-run champion (until Irene in 1919), running for 657 performances, but New York runs continued to be relatively short, with
3984-540: A series of 2.5D musicals based on popular anime and manga comics has developed in recent decades. Shorter or simplified "junior" versions of many musicals are available for schools and youth groups, and very short works created or adapted for performance by children are sometimes called minimusicals . The antecedents of musical theatre in Europe can be traced back to the theatre of ancient Greece , where music and dance were included in stage comedies and tragedies during
4150-540: A series of successful Broadway shows, including On Your Toes (1936, with Ray Bolger , the first Broadway musical to make dramatic use of classical dance), Babes in Arms (1937) and The Boys from Syracuse (1938). Porter added Du Barry Was a Lady (1939). The longest-running piece of musical theatre of the 1930s in the US was Hellzapoppin (1938), a revue with audience participation, which played for 1,404 performances, setting
4316-757: A story-telling device in On Your Toes in 1936, which was followed by Agnes de Mille 's ballet and choreography in Oklahoma! . After Abbott collaborated with Jerome Robbins in On the Town and other shows, Robbins combined the roles of director and choreographer, emphasizing the story-telling power of dance in West Side Story , A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1962) and Fiddler on
4482-447: Is Chris's wife. While Kim is heartbroken and initially in denial about the truth, she soon confirms to Ellen that Tam is Chris's son, and says that she does not want her son to continue living on the streets, pleading that they take Tam with them back to America, but Ellen refuses, saying that Tam needs his real mother, and Ellen wants her own children with Chris. Kim angrily demands that Chris tell her these things in person, and runs out of
4648-2051: Is an awards ceremony held yearly. Originally sponsored by Sports Chosun and discontinued. Korea Musical Theater Association began to present the awards ceremony in 1995. Categories [ edit ] Performance categories [ edit ] Best Actor Award (연기상(남자)) Best Actress Award (연기상(여자)) Best New Actor Award (남자신인연기상) Best New Actress Award (여자신인연기상) Popular Actor Award Award (인기스타상(남자)) Popular Actress Award (인기스타상(여자)) Show and technical categories [ edit ] Best Picture Award (최우수 작품상) Director Award (연출상) Screenplay Award (극본상) Composition Award (작곡상) Music Award (음악상) Choreographer Award (안무상) Stage Art Award (무대미술상) Technical Award (기술상) Producer award (프로듀서상) Special Award [ edit ] Special Award (특별상) Namwoo Shinin Award (남우신인상) Fox Newman Award (여우신인상) Past winners [ edit ] Best Musical Award # Year Recipient Theater Company Ref 1st 1995 I Will Become Star Musical Production Acom 2nd 1996 Empress Myeongseong Musical Production Acom 3rd 1997 Winter Wandering Musical Production Acom 4th 1998 Hanne Seoul City Musical Team 5th 1999 Anime 6th 2000 Typhoon 7th 2001 No Winners 8th 2002 Play More 9th 2003 Romeo and Juliet 10th 2004 Maria Maria 11st 2005 I Love You 12nd 2006 Oh! While You Were Sleeping Yeonwoo Stage Foreign Musical Miss Saigon KCMI, Chosun Ilbo, DAUM 13rd 2007 Dancing Shadow 14th 2008 The Harmonium in My Memory 15th 2009 Jewel in
4814-451: Is frequently longer than the second. The first act generally introduces nearly all of the characters and most of the music and often ends with the introduction of a dramatic conflict or plot complication while the second act may introduce a few new songs but usually contains reprises of important musical themes and resolves the conflict or complication. A book musical is usually built around four to six main theme tunes that are reprised later in
4980-468: Is haunted by the ghost of Thuy, who taunts Kim, claiming that Chris will betray her as he did the night Saigon fell. Kim suffers a horrible flashback to that night ("Kim's Nightmare"). In the nightmare and flashback to 1975, Kim remembers the Viet Cong approaching Saigon. As the city becomes increasingly chaotic, Chris is called to the embassy and leaves his gun with Kim, telling her to pack. When Chris enters
5146-453: Is her first time sleeping with a man ("This Money's Yours"). Touched to learn that Kim is an orphan, Chris offers to take her to America with him, and the two fall in love ("Sun and Moon"). Chris tells John that he is taking leave to spend time with Kim. John warns him that the Viet Cong will soon take Saigon, but then reluctantly agrees to cover for Chris ("The Telephone Song"). Chris meets with
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5312-407: Is in bed with his new American wife, Ellen, when he wakes from a dream shouting Kim's name. Ellen and Kim both swear their devotion to Chris from opposite ends of the world ("I Still Believe"). The Engineer takes Thuy to where Kim has been hiding. Kim refuses Thuy's renewed offer of marriage, unaware that his men are waiting outside the door. Furious, Thuy calls them in and they begin tying up Kim and
5478-477: Is often difficult to distinguish among the various kinds of musical theatre, including "musical play", "musical comedy", "operetta" and "light opera". Like opera, the singing in musical theatre is generally accompanied by an instrumental ensemble called a pit orchestra , located in a lowered area in front of the stage. While opera typically uses a conventional symphony orchestra , musicals are generally orchestrated for ensembles ranging from 27 players down to only
5644-464: Is primarily a singer and only secondarily an actor (and rarely needs to dance), a musical theatre performer is often an actor first but must also be a singer and dancer. Someone who is equally accomplished at all three is referred to as a "triple threat". Composers of music for musicals often consider the vocal demands of roles with musical theatre performers in mind. Today, large theatres that stage musicals generally use microphones and amplification of
5810-478: Is ready to see the real one is up to question." American artist and activist Mai Neng Moua stated: "I protested Miss Saigon back in 1994 when the Ordway first brought it to town. I was a college student at St. Olaf and had never protested anything before. I didn't know what to say or do. I was scared people would yell or throw things at me. Then I met Esther Suzuki, a Japanese American woman whose family survived
5976-412: Is still alive, which Chris is relieved to hear after years of having nightmares of her dying. He also tells Chris about Tam and urges Chris to go to Bangkok with Ellen, and Chris then finally tells Ellen about Kim and Tam ("The Revelation"). In Bangkok, the Engineer is hawking a sleazy club where Kim works as a dancer ("What A Waste"). Chris, Ellen, and John arrive in search of Kim. John finds Kim dancing at
6142-474: Is the boy's uncle, and he will lead them to Bangkok . As Kim swears to Tam that she would do anything to give him a better life, the three set out on a ship with other refugees ("I'd Give My Life for You"). In Atlanta , Georgia, John now works for an aid organization whose mission is to connect Bui-Doi (from Vietnamese trẻ bụi đời "street children," meaning children conceived during the war) with their American fathers ("Bui Doi"). John tells Chris that Kim
6308-1054: Is watching Best Music [ edit ] Best Music # Year Recipient Musical Company 1st 1995 Kim Hyung-seok (Best Composer) I'll Become a Star Production Acom 2nd 1996 Choi Gwi-seop Love Rides in the Rain Seoul Musical Company 3rd 1997 Choi Jong-hyeok No Footsteps of Myself Left 4th 1998 Choi Chang-kwon, Choi Gwi-seop Simcheong Seoul Performing Arts 5th 1999 Jeong Chi-yong Queen of Tears Samsung Video Enterprise 6th 2000 Kim Daesung Typhoon Seoul Performing Arts 7th 2001 Jung Min-seon The Sorrows of Young Werther Theatrical Company Variety 8th 2002 9th 2003 Deniak Bartak Romeo and Juliet Seoul Performing Arts 10th 2004 Seo Jeong-sun Maria Maria Cha Kyung-chan 11st 2005 Park Yongjeon From
6474-585: The Broadway Theatre on April 11, 1991 with a record advance of over $ 39 million, and was later staged in many other cities and embarked on tours. Prior to the opening of the 2014 London revival, it was said that Miss Saigon had set a world record for opening day ticket sales, with sales in excess of £4m reported. The musical was Schönberg and Boublil's second major success, following Les Misérables in 1985. As of October 2024, Miss Saigon remains Broadway's fourteenth longest-running show . The musical
6640-848: The Edinburgh Festival Theatre , the Mayflower Theatre in Southampton and the Palace Theatre in Manchester. Another US tour began at Providence Performing Arts Center in September 2018. The tour closed early on March 15, 2020 in Fort Myers, Florida due to the COVID-19 pandemic . A new UK tour produced by Michael Harrison Entertainment in association with Cameron Mackintosh will open at
6806-499: The Laurence Olivier Award and Tony Award for the role. The part of Chris was originally played by Simon Bowman . The musical débuted on Broadway at the Broadway Theatre on 11 April 1991 and closed on 28 January 2001 after 4,092 performances. Directed again by Nicholas Hytner with musical staging by Bob Avian, scenic design was by John Napier, costume design was by Andreane Neofitou and Suzy Benzinger and lighting design
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6972-806: The Mayflower Theatre in Southampton , the Edinburgh Playhouse , the Bristol Hippodrome and The Point Theatre in Dublin . This successful tour drew to a close in 2003 and a brand new production was developed by original producer Cameron Mackintosh on a smaller scale so that the show could be accommodated in smaller theatres. This tour started in July 2004 and ended in June 2006. A non-Equity North American tour began in summer 2002 to spring 2005, playing such venues as
7138-519: The North Vietnamese Army and is disgusted to find her with a white man ("Thuy's Arrival"). The two men confront each other, drawing their firearms. Kim tells Thuy that their arranged marriage is now nullified because her parents are dead, and she no longer harbors any feelings for him because of his betrayal. Thuy curses them all and storms out ("What's This I Find"). Chris promises to take Kim with him when he leaves Vietnam. Chris and Kim dance to
7304-632: The Roaring Twenties , borrowing from vaudeville, music hall and other light entertainments, tended to emphasize big dance routines and popular songs at the expense of plot. Typical of the decade were lighthearted productions like Sally ; Lady, Be Good ; No, No, Nanette ; Oh, Kay! ; and Funny Face . Despite forgettable stories, these musicals featured stars such as Marilyn Miller and Fred Astaire and produced dozens of enduring popular songs by Kern, George and Ira Gershwin , Irving Berlin , Cole Porter and Rodgers and Hart . Popular music
7470-521: The Theatre Royal, Newcastle in October 2025 before touring to Edinburgh Playhouse , Palace Theatre, Manchester , The Alexandra, Birmingham , Grand Theatre, Leeds and New Theatre Oxford . Hubert van Es , a Dutch photojournalist who took the most famous image of the fall of Saigon in 1975 (a group of people scaling a ladder to a CIA helicopter on a rooftop), considered legal action when his photograph
7636-487: The Tudor period that involved music, dancing, singing and acting, often with expensive costumes and a complex stage design . These developed into sung plays that are recognizable as English operas, the first usually being thought of as The Siege of Rhodes (1656). In France, meanwhile, Molière turned several of his farcical comedies into musical entertainments with songs (music provided by Jean-Baptiste Lully ) and dance in
7802-547: The minstrel shows ), followed by ragtime -tinged shows. Hundreds of musical comedies were staged on Broadway in the 1890s and early 20th century, composed of songs written in New York's Tin Pan Alley , including those by George M. Cohan , who worked to create an American style distinct from the Gilbert and Sullivan works. The most successful New York shows were often followed by extensive national tours. Meanwhile, musicals took over
7968-536: The "Golden Age" of American musical theatre. Americana was displayed on Broadway during the "Golden Age", as the wartime cycle of shows began to arrive. An example of this is On the Town (1944), written by Betty Comden and Adolph Green , composed by Leonard Bernstein and choreographed by Jerome Robbins . The story is set during wartime and concerns three sailors who are on a 24-hour shore leave in New York City, during which each falls in love. The show also gives
8134-618: The 1850s to the 1870s and Johann Strauss II in the 1870s and 1880s. Offenbach's fertile melodies, combined with his librettists' witty satire, formed a model for the musical theatre that followed. Adaptations of the French operettas (played in mostly bad, risqué translations), musical burlesques , music hall, pantomime and burletta dominated the London musical stage into the 1870s. In America, mid-19th century musical theatre entertainments included crude variety revue , which eventually developed into vaudeville , minstrel shows , which soon crossed
8300-504: The 1910s, the team of P. G. Wodehouse , Guy Bolton and Jerome Kern , following in the footsteps of Gilbert and Sullivan , created the " Princess Theatre shows" and paved the way for Kern's later work by showing that a musical could combine light, popular entertainment with continuity between its story and songs. Historian Gerald Bordman wrote: These shows built and polished the mold from which almost all later major musical comedies evolved. ... The characters and situations were, within
8466-542: The 19th century through 1920 was gradually replaced by American innovation, especially after World War I, as Kern and other Tin Pan Alley composers began to bring new musical styles such as ragtime and jazz to the theatres, and the Shubert Brothers took control of the Broadway theatres. Musical theatre writer Andrew Lamb notes, "The operatic and theatrical styles of nineteenth-century social structures were replaced by
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#17328842765658632-412: The 19th century, such as music hall , melodrama and burletta , which were popularized partly because most London theatres were licensed only as music halls and not allowed to present plays without music. Colonial America did not have a significant theatre presence until 1752, when London entrepreneur William Hallam sent a company of actors to the colonies managed by his brother Lewis . In New York in
8798-659: The 2014 West End revival. Other cast members included Katie Rose Clarke as Ellen, Nicholas Christopher as John, and Devin Ilaw as Thuy. The revival played at the Broadway Theatre , the same venue the show played at for its Broadway debut. Preview performances began on March 1, 2017, with an official opening on March 23. The final performance was on January 14, 2018 after 24 previews and 340 performances. Miss Saigon has been staged in at least 25 countries and translated into at least twelve languages. In Tokyo, Stuttgart and The Hague , new theatres were designed specifically to house
8964-810: The 5th century BCE. The music from the ancient forms is lost, however, and they had little influence on later development of musical theatre. In the 12th and 13th centuries, religious dramas taught the liturgy . Groups of actors would use outdoor Pageant wagons (stages on wheels) to tell each part of the story. Poetic forms sometimes alternated with the prose dialogues, and liturgical chants gave way to new melodies. The European Renaissance saw older forms evolve into two antecedents of musical theatre: commedia dell'arte , where raucous clowns improvised familiar stories, and later, opera buffa . In England, Elizabethan and Jacobean plays frequently included music, and short musical plays began to be included in an evenings' dramatic entertainments. Court masques developed during
9130-521: The AEA ruling a month later to allow Salonga to star. Later productions of Miss Saigon have been subject to boycotts from Asian actors. Internationally, community members objected to productions of the show over the years, arguing the show is racist and misogynist. The 2010 Fulbright Hayes Scholar D Hideo Maruyama states: "it's time to see the real Vietnam, not the Miss Saigon version. Whether or not America
9296-2382: The Angry Inch Kim Jun-su Popular Actress Award [ edit ] Popular Actor Award # Year Actress 1st 1995 Ha Hee-ra 2nd 1996 Nam Gyeong-ju Love Rides in the Rain Seoul Musical Company 3rd 1997 Lee Jung-hwa Choi Jeong-won 4th 1998 5th 1999 6th 2000 7th 2001 8th 2002 Kim Sun-kyung Lee Hye-kyung Choi Jeong-won 9th 2003 Kim Seon-kyung Lee Hye-kyung 10th 2004 Kim Seon-kyung King and I 11st 2005 Lee Young-mi 12nd 2006 Kim So-hyun 13rd 2007 Oh Na-ra Finding Mr. Destiny Yoon Gong-ju 14th 2008 Bada Carmen 15th 2009 Bada Carmen 16th 2010 Jung Sun-ah 17th 2011 Yoon Gong-ju 18th 2012 Kim Sun-young 19th 2013 Kim So-hyun Ock Joo-hyun Ensemble Award [ edit ] Ensemble Award # Year Recipient Company 1st 1995 Chrysalis Mactoe 2nd 1996 Empress Myeongseong Musical Production Acom 3rd 1997 Show Comedy Seoul Metropolitan Musical Company 4th 1998 Hanne 5th 1999 The Marriage of Figaro 6th 2000 Gambler Sinsi Musical Company 7th 2001 Duet 8th 2002 Kiss Me, Kate 9th 2003 Romeo and Juliet Seoul Performing Arts 10th 2004 Saturday Night Fever 11st 2005 I Love You Seol & Company, CJ Entertainment 12nd 2006 Dream from Mars Gyeonggi-do Culture Center 13rd 2007 The Spitfire Grill Chungmu Art Hall, Shownote, CJ Entertainment 14th 2008 The Harmonium in My Memory Shotik Communications 15th 2009 Jewel in
9462-545: The Angry Inch and other shows in recent decades. Parade is a sensitive exploration of both anti-Semitism and historical American racism, and Ragtime similarly explores the experience of immigrants and minorities in America. After the success of Hair , rock musicals flourished in the 1970s, with Jesus Christ Superstar , Godspell , The Rocky Horror Show , Evita and Two Gentlemen of Verona . Some of those began as " concept albums " which were then adapted to
9628-666: The Atlantic had little money to spend on entertainment, and only a few stage shows anywhere exceeded a run of 500 performances during the decade. The revue The Band Wagon (1931) starred dancing partners Fred Astaire and his sister Adele , while Porter's Anything Goes (1934) confirmed Ethel Merman 's position as the First Lady of musical theatre, a title she maintained for many years. Coward and Novello continued to deliver old fashioned, sentimental musicals, such as The Dancing Years , while Rodgers and Hart returned from Hollywood to create
9794-425: The Atlantic to Britain, and Victorian burlesque, first popularized in the US by British troupes. A hugely successful musical entertainment that premiered in New York in 1866, The Black Crook , combined dance and some original music that helped to tell the story. The spectacular production, famous for its skimpy costumes, ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and
9960-567: The Beast 11st 2005 Jung Young-joo Bat Boy Since Musical Company 12nd 2006 Kim Seon-kyung Producers Seol & Company, CJ Entertainment 13rd 2007 Lee Hyekyung The Spitfire Grill Chungmu Art Hall, Shownote, CJ Entertainment 14th 2008 Park Joon-myeon What I Wanna See Musical Heaven, CJ Entertainment 15th 2009 Kim Kyung-sun Zana, Dont Since Musical Company, Interpark INT, Sejong Center for
10126-877: The Bottom Theatrical Repertory 12nd 2006 Kang Sang-goo Dreaming in Mars Gyeonggi-do Culture Center 13rd 2007 Carlin Park Dancing Shadow Since Musical Company 14th 2008 Lee Na-young C What I Wanna See Musical Heaven, CJ Entertainment 15th 2009 Won Mi-sol Dreamgirls OD Musical Company, i-company, CJ Entertainment 16th 2010 Peter Casey Hero 17th 2011 Eom Ki-young Turando 18th 2012 Will Aronson Bungee Jumping of Their Own 19th 2013 Won Mi-sol Moon Embracing
SECTION 60
#173288427656510292-579: The Communist Party, he goes by the name "Tran Van Dinh" and has spent the past three years working in the rice fields as part of a re-education program. Thuy orders the Engineer to find Kim and bring her to him. Although the intervening period is not shown, it is apparent that Kim and Chris have become separated in the three years separating the two acts. Kim has been hiding in an impoverished area, still in love with Chris and steadfastly believing that Chris will return to Vietnam and rescue her. Meanwhile, Chris
10458-450: The Engineer to trade for Kim, but the Engineer tries to include an American visa in the deal. Threatening the Engineer at gunpoint, Chris forces him to honor the original arrangement for Kim ("The Deal"). The bargirls hold a "wedding ceremony" for Chris and Kim ("Dju Vui Vai"), with Gigi toasting Kim as the "real" Miss Saigon. Thuy, Kim's cousin, to whom she was betrothed at thirteen, arrives to take her home. He has since become an officer in
10624-411: The Engineer, threatening to put them into a re-education camp ("Coo-Coo Princess"). Again, Kim refuses to go with Thuy and shocks him by introducing Thuy to Tam, her three-year-old son from Chris. Thuy calls Kim a traitor and Tam an enemy, and tries to kill Tam with a knife, but Kim is forced to shoot Thuy to protect Tam ("You Will Not Touch Him"). Thuy dies as the street parade continues nearby ("This Is
10790-738: The English-speaking stage by competition from the ubiquitous Edwardian musical comedies, operettas returned to London and Broadway in 1907 with The Merry Widow , and adaptations of continental operettas became direct competitors with musicals. Franz Lehár and Oscar Straus composed new operettas that were popular in English until World War I. In America, Victor Herbert produced a string of enduring operettas including The Fortune Teller (1898), Babes in Toyland (1903), Mlle. Modiste (1905), The Red Mill (1906) and Naughty Marietta (1910). In
10956-574: The Golden Age, automotive companies and other large corporations began to hire Broadway talent to write corporate musicals , private shows only seen by their employees or customers. The 1950s ended with Rodgers and Hammerstein 's last hit, The Sound of Music , which also became another hit for Mary Martin. It ran for 1,443 performances and shared the Tony Award for Best Musical. Together with its extremely successful 1965 film version , it has become one of
11122-454: The Hour [Reprise]"). Chris, Ellen, John, and the Engineer arrive just outside her room. The Engineer comes in to take Tam outside to introduce him to his father. While this is happening, Kim steps behind a curtain and shoots herself. As she falls to the floor, Chris rushes into the room at the sound of the gunshot and finds Kim mortally wounded. He picks up Kim and asks what she has done. Replying that
11288-554: The Hour"), with Kim showing horror and heartbreak at her action, before fleeing with Tam. The Engineer laments being born Vietnamese and wishes to go to the USA ("If You Want to Die in Bed"). Kim tells the Engineer what she has done, and he learns that Tam's father is American ("Let Me See His Western Nose") – thinking the boy is his chance to emigrate to the United States . He tells Kim that now he
11454-483: The London production closed in 1999 and also following the closure of the Broadway production in 2001, the show in its original London staging embarked on a long tour of the six largest venues in Britain and Ireland, stopping off in each city for several months. The tour starring Joanna Ampil , Niklas Andersson and Leo Valdez opened at the Palace Theatre, Manchester and also played in the Birmingham Hippodrome ,
11620-420: The London stage in the Gay Nineties , led by producer George Edwardes , who perceived that audiences wanted a new alternative to the Savoy -style comic operas and their intellectual, political, absurdist satire. He experimented with a modern-dress, family-friendly musical theatre style, with breezy, popular songs, snappy, romantic banter, and stylish spectacle at the Gaiety and his other theatres. These drew on
11786-452: The Mountains (1,352 performances) and especially Chu Chin Chow . Its run of 2,238 performances was more than twice as long as any previous musical, setting a record that stood for nearly forty years. Even a revival of The Beggar's Opera held the stage for 1,463 performances. Revues like The Bing Boys Are Here in Britain, and those of Florenz Ziegfeld and his imitators in America, were also extraordinarily popular. The musicals of
11952-921: The New Jersey Performing Arts Center, Newark, New Jersey in November 2003, Raleigh, North Carolina in February 2005, and Gainesville, Florida in November 2003. Following the 2014-16 London revival, a new UK and Ireland tour opened at the Curve in Leicester in July 2017 before touring to the Birmingham Hippodrome , the Bord Gáis Energy Theatre in Dublin, the Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff,
12118-3913: The Opera Jemiro-RUG 9th 2003 Min Young-ki Romeo and Juliet Seoul Performing Arts 10th 2004 Park Gun-hyung Saturday Night Fever 11st 2005 Kim Soo-yong Bat Boy: The Musical Sinsi Musical Company 12nd 2006 Kim Da-hyun Fall in Love Cineline-2 13rd 2007 Kim Do-hyun Singles Crocodile Company, OD Musical Company, CJ Entertainment 14th 2008 Jo Jung-suk The Harmonium in My Memory 15th 2009 Park Dong-ha 42nd Street CJ Entertainment, Seol & Company 16th 2010 Kim Jun-su Mozart! Kim Seyong Lee Jimyung Lim Seonwoo Jung Jinho Billy Elliot 17th 2011 Park Eun-tae Frankenstein 18th 2012 Kai 19th 2013 Best New Actress [ edit ] Best New Actress # Year Actress Musical Producers 1st 1995 Choi Jeong-won Last Dance with Me Theatrical company Shinhwa 2nd 1996 Kim Jeong-sook Seven Brides Shinshi Musical Company 3rd 1997 Oh Jeong-hae Show Comedy Seoul Metropolitan Musical Company 4th 1998 Lee Ji-eun Subway Line 1 Theatrical company Hakjeon 5th 1999 Lee Hye-kyung The Marriage of Figaro Seoul Metropolitan Musical Company 6th 2000 Kim Seon-young Fame Acom 7th 2001 Kim Young-joo Rent Shinshi Musical Company 8th 2002 Bae Hae-sun The Rehearsal OD Musical Company 9th 2003 Cho Jeong-eun Romeo and Juliet Seoul Performing Arts 10th 2004 Sonya Jekyll & Hyde 11st 2005 Ock Joo-hyun Aida Since Musical Company, CJ Entertainment, Munhwa Broadcasting 12nd 1996 Yoon Gong-joo Dracula Dain Culture, Bada Musical Company 13rd 2007 Lee Min-ah Hair Painting Janggang 14th 2008 Bada Notre-Dame de Paris NDPK 15th 2009 Lim Hye-young 42nd Street 16th 2010 Cha Ji-yeon Seo Pyeon-je 17th 2011 Song Sang-eun Spring Awakening 18th 2012 Ivy Chicago 19th 2013 Park Ji-yeon Les Miserables Popular Actor Award [ edit ] Popular Actor Award # Year Actor 1st 1995 Nam Kyung-ju 2nd 1996 Yoon Seok-hwa Empress Myeongseong Musical Production Acom 3rd 1997 Nam Kyung-joo Kim Min-soo 4th 1998 5th 1999 6th 2000 7th 2001 8th 2002 Nam Kyung-joo Joo Won-seong Heo Jun-ho 9th 2003 Nam Kyung-ju Lee Geon-myung 10th 2004 Nam Kyung-joo Peppermint 11st 2005 Oh Man-seok 12nd 2006 Oh Man-seok 13rd 2007 Oh Man-seok Cho Seung-woo Man of La Mancha 14th 2008 Yoon Hyeong-ryeol 15th 2009 Hong Kwang-ho 16th 2010 Kim Jun-su Mozart! 17th 2011 Kim Jun-su 18th 2012 Kim Jun-su Elizabeth 19th 2013 Cho Seung-woo Hedwig and
12284-608: The Opera (1986), Rent (1996), Wicked (2003) and Hamilton (2015). Musicals are performed around the world. They may be presented in large venues, such as big-budget Broadway or West End productions in New York City or London. Alternatively, musicals may be staged in smaller venues, such as off-Broadway , off-off-Broadway , regional theatre , fringe theatre , or community theatre productions, or on tour . Musicals are often presented by amateur and school groups in churches, schools and other performance spaces. In addition to
12450-567: The Palace MBC, PMC Production 16th 2010 Yun Ho-jin Hero 17th 2011 Kim Hyo-kyung Turando 18th 2012 Seo Jae-hyung The Disappearance of The Crown Prince 19th 2013 Jang Yoo-jeong Those Days Best Actress [ edit ] Best Actress # Year Recipient Musical Company Ref. 1st 1995 Na Hyun-hee I'll Become
12616-2125: The Palace PMC Musical 16th 2010 Creative Hero Acom International License Billy Elliot Magistella 17th 2011 Creative Sherlock Holmes License Spamalot 18th 2012 Creative The Disappearance of The Crown Prince License La Cage 19th 2013 Creative Those days License Les Miserables Best Director [ edit ] Best Director Award # Year Recipient Musical Company 1st 1995 Lee Jong-hoon Chrysalis Mactoe 2nd 1996 Yun Ho-jin Empress Myeongseong Musical Production Acom 3rd 1997 Bae Hae-il Show Comedy Seoul Metropolitan Musical Company 4th 1998 Lee Jong-hoon Hanne Seoul Metropolitan Musical Company 5th 1999 Park Jong-sun The Marriage of Figaro Seoul Metropolitan Musical Company 6th 2000 Han Jin-seop Gambler Sinsi Musical Company 7th 2001 Kim Cheol-ri Duet Sinsi Musical Company 8th 2002 Lim Young-woong Kiss Me, Kate Sinsi Musical Company 9th 2003 Yoo Hee-seong Romeo and Juliet Seoul Performing Arts 10th 2004 Yoon Seok-hwa Saturday Night Fever 11st 2005 Han Jin-seop I Love You Seol & Company, CJ Entertainment 12nd 2006 Lee Yun-taek Dream from Mars Gyeonggi-do Culture Center 13rd 2007 Kim Dal-joong The Spitfire Grill Chungmu Art Hall, Shownote, CJ Entertainment 14th 2008 Gwanghwa Cho The Harmonium in My Memory Shotik Communications 15th 2009 Lee Ji-na Jewel in
12782-1807: The Palace MBC, PMC Production 16th 2010 Kiss Me, Kate Sincere Company 17th 2011 Turando 18th 2012 The Disappearance of The Crown Prince 19th 2013 Those Days Technical Award [ edit ] Best Screenplay [ edit ] Best Screenplay # Year Recipient Musical Company 1st 1995 Oh Eun-hee Chrysalis Extreme Mactoon 2nd 1996 Kim Jeong-sook Blue Saigon People Serving Theater Troupe 3rd 1997 — 4th 1998 — 5th 1999 — 6th 2000 — 7th 2001 Oh Eun-hee (Lyricist, Screenplay Award) Oh Happy Day Seoul Musical Company 8th 2002 Kim Soo-kyung The Play Intercommunity, Performance Bada 9th 2003 10th 2004 Yoo Hye-jeong Maria Maria Shinsi Musical Company 11st 2005 Choo Min-ju (Lyricist) Laundry Myeongrang Theater Subak 12nd 2006 Jang Yoo-jeong Oh! While You Were Sleeping Yeonwoo Stage 13rd 2007 Park Yong-jeon Audition Open Run Musical Company 14th 2008 Lee Hee-joon The Organ in My Heart Shotik Communications 15th 2009 Park In-seon Special Letter Crocodile Company, i-company, CJ Entertainment 16th 2010 Han Ah-reum Hero 17th 2011 Noh Woo-sung Sherlock Holmes 18th 2012 Oh Mi-young Find Family 19th 2014 Han Jung-seok Goddess
12948-1043: The Performing Arts 16th 2010 Jung Young-joo Billy Elliot 17th 2011 Koo Won-young 18th 2012 Oh So-yeon [ ko ] 19th 2013 Park Jun-myeon Best New Actor [ edit ] Best New Actor # Year Actor Musical Producers 1st 1995 Joo Won-seong Greek Rock and Roll Sinsi Musical Company 2nd 1996 Kim Beop-rae Atlantis 2045 Seoul Performing Arts 3rd 1997 Seo Chang-woo Winter Wanderer Acom 4th 1998 Ryu Jeong-han West Side Story Samsung Video Corporation 5th 1999 Oh Jae-ik Hard Rock Cafe Seoul Musical Company 6th 2000 Jo Jeong-geun Typhoon Seoul Performing Arts 7th 2001 Lee Geon-myeong Rent Sinsi Musical Company 8th 2002 Yoon Young-seok The Phantom of
13114-598: The Post was the first show to call itself a "musical comedy." In 1874, Evangeline or The Belle of Arcadia , by Edward E. Rice and J. Cheever Goodwin , based loosely on Longfellow’s Evangeline , with an original American story and music, opened successfully in New York and was revived in Boston, New York, and in repeated tours. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 ( The Mulligan Guard Picnic ) and 1885. These musical comedies featured characters and situations taken from
13280-772: The Rain Seoul Musical Company 3rd 1997 Jeon Soo-kyung Broadway 42nd Street Samsung Video Project Team 4th 1998 Lee Jung-hwa Broadway 42nd Street Samsung Video Project Team Simcheong Arts Team 5th 1999 Lim Seon-ae Hard Rock Cafe Seoul Musical Company 6th 2000 Go Mi-kyung Typhoon Seoul Performing Arts 7th 2001 Bang Joo-Ran Brothers Hakjeon 8th 2002 Seo Ji-young The Play Intercommunity, Performance Bada 9th 2003 Lee Kyung-mi Urine Town Since Musical Company 10th 2004 Moon Hee-kyung Beauty and
13446-2390: The Rain O.D. Musical Company 10th 2004 Cho Seung-woo Jekyll & Hyde (musical) 11st 2005 Oh Man-seok 12nd 2006 Song Yong-tae 13rd 2007 Ryu Jeong-han 14th 2008 Kim Beop-rae 15th 2009 Kim Mu-yeol 16th 2010 Jung Sung-hwa Hero 17th 2011 Kim Woo-hyung 18th 2012 Kim Junsu Elisabeth 19th 2013 Jung Sung-hwa Les Miserables Best Supporting Actor [ edit ] Best Supporting Actor # Year Actor Musical Company 1st 1995 — 2nd 1996 Kim Min-soo Empress Myeongseong 3rd 1997 Song Yong-tae Padam Padam Padam Theatrical Troupe Yoo 4th 1998 Kwak Eun-tae Hanne Seoul City Musical Team 5th 1999 Lee In-chul Girls and Guys Min Kwang-dae 6th 2000 Go Mi-kyung Fame Musical Production Acom 7th 2001 Kim Jin-tae Chicago Since Musical Company 8th 2002 Lim Chun-gil The Play Intercommunity, Performance Bada 9th 2003 Cho Seung-ryong Mongolia Acom International 10th 2004 Lee Seok-joon Blues Brothers 11st 2005 Kim Jae-man Don Quixote OD Musical Company 12nd 2006 Lee Hee-jung Producers Seol & Company, CJ Entertainment 13rd 2007 Seong Ki-yoon Dancing Shadow Since Musical Company 14th 2008 Seo Beom-seok Notre Dame de Paris NDPK 15th 2009 Jo Jung-suk Spring Awakening 16th 2010 Choi Min-cheol Monte Cristo 17th 2011 Lee Geon-myung 18th 2012 Kim Ho-young (actor) 19th 2013 Lee Ji-hoon Best Supporting Actress [ edit ] Best Supporting Actress # Year Recipient Musical Theater Company 1st 1995 — 2nd 1996 Choi Jeong-won Love Rides in
13612-633: The Rain Seoul Musical Company 3rd 1997 Nam Kyung-joo Whale Hunting Performance 4th 1998 Yoo Hee-seong Simcheong,Empress Myeongseong Seoul Performing Arts, Production Acom 5th 1999 Song Yong-tae Annie Kaeng, Male Nonsense Seoul Arts Troupe, Musical Company 6th 2000 Heo Joon-ho Gambler Since Musical Company 7th 2001 Kim Seong-gi Dracula Variety of Theater Company 8th 2002 Yoo Jun-sang The Play Intercommunity, Performance Bada 9th 2003 Kim Jang-seop Love Rides in
13778-634: The Roof Seoul Metropolitan Musical Company 6th 2000 Park Il-gyu Typhoon Seoul Art Troupe 7th 2001 Jeong Eun-jung Chicago, Rent Sinsi Musical Company 8th 2002 Park Sang-gyu Tommy Theatre Daejung 9th 2003 Sara Byun Phylus Musical Company Daejung 10th 2004 Seo Jeong-sun Carmen 11st 2005 Lee Iran-young Hard Rock Cafe-Lost In Paradise Seoul Musical Company 12nd 2006 Ahn Ae-soon The Country of
13944-575: The Roof (1964). Bob Fosse choreographed for Abbott in The Pajama Game (1956) and Damn Yankees (1957), injecting playful sexuality into those hits. He was later the director-choreographer for Sweet Charity (1968), Pippin (1972) and Chicago (1975). Other notable director-choreographers have included Gower Champion , Tommy Tune , Michael Bennett , Gillian Lynne and Susan Stroman . Prominent directors have included Hal Prince , who also got his start with Abbott, and Trevor Nunn . During
14110-459: The Shrew for Kiss Me, Kate (1948, 1,077 performances). The American musicals overwhelmed the old-fashioned British Coward/Novello-style shows, one of the last big successes of which was Novello's Perchance to Dream (1945, 1,021 performances). The formula for the Golden Age musicals reflected one or more of four widely held perceptions of the "American dream": That stability and worth derives from
14276-653: The Sun Best Choreography [ edit ] Best Choreography # Year Recipient Musical Company 1st 1995 Byunggu Seo I'll Become a Star Production Acom 2nd 1996 Guk Soo-ho Gwanggaeto the Great Seoul Metropolitan Musical Company 3rd 1997 Ahn Ae-soon No Footsteps of Myself Left Seoul Municipal Dance Company 4th 1998 — 5th 1999 Choi Cheong-ja Fiddler on
14442-491: The Times Square area until the 1920s and 1930s. New York runs lagged far behind those in London, but Laura Keene 's "musical burletta" Seven Sisters (1860) shattered previous New York musical theatre record, with a run of 253 performances. Around 1850, the French composer Hervé was experimenting with a form of comic musical theatre he called opérette . The best known composers of operetta were Jacques Offenbach from
14608-414: The United States and Britain, there are vibrant musical theatre scenes in continental Europe, Asia, Australasia, Canada and Latin America. Since the 20th century, the "book musical" has been defined as a musical play where songs and dances are fully integrated into a well-made story with serious dramatic goals and which is able to evoke genuine emotions other than laughter. The three main components of
14774-515: The Vietnamese sex workers ("The Heat Is on in Saigon"). Chris Scott, a sergeant disenchanted by the club scene, is encouraged by his friend John Thomas to go with a girl. The girls compete for the title of "Miss Saigon", and the winner is raffled to a Marine. Kim's guilelessness strikes Chris. Gigi Van Tranh wins the crown for the evening and begs the marine who won the raffle to take her back to America, annoying him. The showgirls reflect on their dreams of
14940-430: The West End in the 21st century have been presented in one act. Moments of greatest dramatic intensity in a book musical are often performed in song. Proverbially, "when the emotion becomes too strong for speech, you sing; when it becomes too strong for song, you dance." In a book musical, a song is ideally crafted to suit the character (or characters) and their situation within the story; although there have been times in
15106-770: The Wind Seoul Performing Arts 13rd 2007 Chris Bailey Dancing Shadow Sinsi Musical Company 14th 2008 David Swan My Fair Lady Tri-Pro, OD Musical Company 15th 2009 Insook Choi Romeo and Juliet Sguk Entertainment 16th 2010 Seo Byung-goo All That Jazz 17th 2011 Jaeik Oh Wolf's Temptation 18th 2012 Byunggu Seo Rakaji 19th 2013 Oh Jae -Ik, Jeong Do-Young Those Days Best Stage Art [ edit ] Best Stage Art # Year Recipient Musical Company 1st 1995 Park Dong-woo I'll Become
15272-679: The World" before Jonathan Pryce took to the stage for "The American Dream" and was later joined by Jon Jon Briones. The West End production closed on 27 February 2016 after 760 performances. It was announced on November 19, 2015 that the West End production of the show would transfer to Broadway in March 2017 for a limited engagement through January 15, 2018. The production starred Eva Noblezada as Kim, Jon Jon Briones as The Engineer, Alistair Brammer as Chris, and Rachelle Ann Go as Gigi, all reprising their roles from
15438-468: The actor B.D Wong wrote public letters of protest against Pryce's casting. Both Hwang and Wong had seen Miss Saigon on the West End of London and felt Pryce's performance in yellowface was demeaning to Asian people. Alan Eisenberg, executive secretary of AEA stated: "The casting of a Caucasian actor made up to appear Asian is an affront to the Asian community. The casting choice is especially disturbing when
15604-507: The actors' singing voices in a way that would generally be disapproved of in an operatic context. Some works, including those by George Gershwin , Leonard Bernstein and Stephen Sondheim , have been made into both musical theatre and operatic productions. Similarly, some older operettas or light operas (such as The Pirates of Penzance by Gilbert and Sullivan ) have been produced in modern adaptations that treat them as musicals. For some works, production styles are almost as important as
15770-487: The casting of an Asian actor in the role would be an important and significant opportunity to break the usual pattern of casting Asians in minor roles." AEA's ruling on 7 August 1990 led to criticism from many, including the British Actors' Equity Association , citing violations of the principles of artistic integrity and freedom. Others pointed out that since the Engineer's character was Eurasian (French-Vietnamese), Pryce
15936-466: The characters express their ideas. It defied musical conventions by raising its first act curtain not on a bevy of chorus girls, but rather on a woman churning butter, with an off-stage voice singing the opening lines of Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin' unaccompanied. It drew rave reviews, set off a box-office frenzy and received a Pulitzer Prize . Brooks Atkinson wrote in The New York Times that
16102-527: The club and tells her that Chris is also in Bangkok. He then tries to tell her that Chris is remarried, but Kim interrupts. She is thrilled about the news and tells Tam that his father has arrived, believing that they are to go to America with Chris. Seeing Kim happy, John cannot bring himself to break the news to her but promises to bring Chris to her ("Please"). The Engineer tells Kim to find Chris herself because he doubts that Chris will come ("Chris Is Here"). Kim
16268-431: The club, Kim tells the Engineer that they are still going to America ("Paper Dragons"). The Engineer imagines the extravagant new life that he will lead in America ("The American Dream"). Chris, John, and Ellen find the Engineer and he takes them to see Kim and Tam. In her room, Kim tells Tam that he should be happy because he now has a father. She tells him that she cannot go with him but will be watching over him ("This Is
16434-546: The comparatively frivolous musicals and sentimental operettas of the decade, Broadway's Show Boat (1927) represented an even more complete integration of book and score than the Princess Theatre musicals, with dramatic themes told through the music, dialogue, setting and movement. This was accomplished by combining the lyricism of Kern's music with the skillful libretto of Oscar Hammerstein II . One historian wrote, "Here we come to
16600-503: The continent, singspiel , comédie en vaudeville , opéra comique , zarzuela and other forms of light musical entertainment were emerging. The Beggar's Opera was the first recorded long-running play of any kind, running for 62 successive performances in 1728. It would take almost a century afterwards before any play broke 100 performances, but the record soon reached 150 in the late 1820s. Other musical theatre forms developed in England by
16766-452: The controversy surrounding it, ran for 108 performances. Rodgers and Hart's I'd Rather Be Right (1937) was a political satire with George M. Cohan as President Franklin D. Roosevelt , and Kurt Weill 's Knickerbocker Holiday depicted New York City's early history while good-naturedly satirizing Roosevelt's good intentions. The motion picture mounted a challenge to the stage. Silent films had presented only limited competition, but by
16932-543: The core of Frank Loesser 's and Abe Burrows ' Guys and Dolls , (1950, 1,200 performances); and the Gold Rush was the setting for Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe 's Paint Your Wagon (1951). The relatively brief seven-month run of that show did not discourage Lerner and Loewe from collaborating again, this time on My Fair Lady (1956), an adaptation of George Bernard Shaw 's Pygmalion starring Rex Harrison and Julie Andrews , which at 2,717 performances held
17098-494: The decade was The Black and White Minstrel Show (1962), which played for 4,344 performances. Two men had considerable impact on musical theatre history beginning in this decade: Stephen Sondheim and Jerry Herman . The first project for which Sondheim wrote both music and lyrics was A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1962, 964 performances), with a book based on the works of Plautus by Burt Shevelove and Larry Gelbart , starring Zero Mostel . Sondheim moved
17264-403: The earlier musical forms of comic opera and operetta. The Geisha (1896) was one of the most successful in the 1890s, running for more than two years and achieving great international success. The Belle of New York (1898) became the first American musical to run for over a year in London. The British musical comedy Florodora (1899) was a popular success on both sides of the Atlantic, as
17430-451: The embassy, the gates close, as orders arrive from Washington for an immediate evacuation of the remaining Americans. The Ambassador orders that no more Vietnamese be allowed into the Embassy. Kim reaches the gates of the Embassy, one in a crowd of terrified Vietnamese trying to enter. Chris calls to Kim and is about to go into the crowd to look for her. John is eventually forced to punch Chris in
17596-463: The end of the 1920s, films like The Jazz Singer could be presented with synchronized sound. "Talkie" films at low prices effectively killed off vaudeville by the early 1930s. Despite the economic woes of the 1930s and the competition from film, the musical survived. In fact, it continued to evolve thematically beyond the gags and showgirls musicals of the Gay Nineties and Roaring Twenties and
17762-533: The end of the Golden Age, several shows tackled Jewish subjects and issues, such as Fiddler on the Roof , Milk and Honey , Blitz! and later Rags . The original concept that became West Side Story was set in the Lower East Side during Easter-Passover celebrations; the rival gangs were to be Jewish and Italian Catholic . The creative team later decided that the Polish (white) vs. Puerto Rican conflict
17928-409: The everyday life of New York's lower classes. They starred high quality singers ( Lillian Russell , Vivienne Segal and Fay Templeton ) instead of the ladies of questionable repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. In 1879, The Brook by Nate Salsbury was another national success with contemporary American dance styles and an American story about "members of an acting company taking a trip down
18094-400: The face to stop him from leaving. Chris is put into the last helicopter leaving Saigon as Kim watches from outside, still pledging her love to him ("The Fall of Saigon"). Back in 1978 Bangkok, Kim joyfully dresses in her wedding clothes ("Sun and Moon [Reprise]") and leaves the Engineer to watch Tam while she is gone. She goes to Chris's hotel room, where she finds Ellen. Ellen reveals that she
18260-438: The first Broadway show in which an African-American, Ethel Waters , starred alongside white actors. Waters' numbers included " Supper Time ", a woman's lament for her husband who has been lynched. The Gershwins' Porgy and Bess (1935) featured an all African-American cast and blended operatic, folk and jazz idioms. The Cradle Will Rock (1937), directed by Orson Welles , was a highly political pro- union piece that, despite
18426-515: The founding of the state of Israel, and continuing with the blockbuster hits Hello, Dolly! (1964, 2,844 performances), Mame (1966, 1,508 performances), and La Cage aux Folles (1983, 1,761 performances). Even his less successful shows like Dear World (1969) and Mack and Mabel (1974) have had memorable scores ( Mack and Mabel was later reworked into a London hit). Writing both words and music, many of Herman's show tunes have become popular standards, including " Hello, Dolly! ", "We Need
18592-498: The gods guided him to his son, Kim asks Chris to hold her once more and they share one last kiss. Kim then repeats something that he said to her on the first night they met: "How in one night have we come so far?", and dies in Chris's arms as everyone watches ("Finale"). Miss Saigon premiered in the West End at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane on 20 September 1989 and closed after 4,264 performances on 30 October 1999. The director
18758-472: The history of the musical (e.g. from the 1890s to the 1920s) when this integration between music and story has been tenuous. As The New York Times critic Ben Brantley described the ideal of song in theatre when reviewing the 2008 revival of Gypsy : "There is no separation at all between song and character, which is what happens in those uncommon moments when musicals reach upward to achieve their ideal reasons to be." Typically, many fewer words are sung in
18924-518: The impression of a country with an uncertain future, as the sailors and their women also have. Irving Berlin used sharpshooter Annie Oakley 's career as a basis for his Annie Get Your Gun (1946, 1,147 performances); Burton Lane , E. Y. Harburg and Fred Saidy combined political satire with Irish whimsy for their fantasy Finian's Rainbow (1947, 725 performances); and Cole Porter found inspiration in William Shakespeare 's The Taming of
19090-447: The interplay of lyrics and music in his shows. Some of Sondheim's notable innovations include a show presented in reverse ( Merrily We Roll Along ) and the above-mentioned Anyone Can Whistle , in which the first act ends with the cast informing the audience that they are mad. Jerry Herman played a significant role in American musical theatre, beginning with his first Broadway production, Milk and Honey (1961, 563 performances), about
19256-548: The late 17th century. These influenced a brief period of English opera by composers such as John Blow and Henry Purcell . From the 18th century, the most popular forms of musical theatre in Britain were ballad operas , like John Gay 's The Beggar's Opera , that included lyrics written to the tunes of popular songs of the day (often spoofing opera), and later pantomime , which developed from commedia dell'arte, and comic opera with mostly romantic plot lines, like Michael Balfe 's The Bohemian Girl (1845). Meanwhile, on
19422-402: The limitations of musical comedy license, believable and the humor came from the situations or the nature of the characters. Kern's exquisitely flowing melodies were employed to further the action or develop characterization. ... [Edwardian] musical comedy was often guilty of inserting songs in a hit-or-miss fashion. The Princess Theatre musicals brought about a change in approach. P. G. Wodehouse,
19588-500: The long-run record for many years. Popular Hollywood films were made of all of these musicals. Two hits by British creators in this decade were The Boy Friend (1954), which ran for 2,078 performances in London and marked Andrews' American debut, and Salad Days (1954), which broke the British long-run record with a run of 2,283 performances. Another record was set by The Threepenny Opera , which ran for 2,707 performances, becoming
19754-531: The longest-running off-Broadway musical until The Fantasticks . The production also broke ground by showing that musicals could be profitable off-Broadway in a small-scale, small orchestra format. This was confirmed in 1959 when a revival of Jerome Kern and P. G. Wodehouse 's Leave It to Jane ran for more than two years. The 1959–1960 off-Broadway season included a dozen musicals and revues including Little Mary Sunshine , The Fantasticks and Ernest in Love ,
19920-445: The most observant, literate and witty lyricist of his day, and the team of Bolton, Wodehouse and Kern had an influence felt to this day. The theatre-going public needed escapist entertainment during the dark times of World War I , and they flocked to the theatre. The 1919 hit musical Irene ran for 670 performances, a Broadway record that held until 1938. The British theatre public supported far longer runs like that of The Maid of
20086-567: The most popular musicals in history. In 1960, The Fantasticks was first produced off-Broadway. This intimate allegorical show would quietly run for over 40 years at the Sullivan Street Theatre in Greenwich Village , becoming by far the longest-running musical in history. Its authors produced other innovative works in the 1960s, such as Celebration and I Do! I Do! , the first two-character Broadway musical. The 1960s would see
20252-423: The music for a story about Rose Thompson Hovick , the mother of the titular stripper Gypsy Rose Lee . Although directors and choreographers have had a major influence on musical theatre style since at least the 19th century, George Abbott and his collaborators and successors took a central role in integrating movement and dance fully into musical theatre productions in the Golden Age. Abbott introduced ballet as
20418-480: The musical beyond its concentration on the romantic plots typical of earlier eras; his work tended to be darker, exploring the grittier sides of life both present and past. Other early Sondheim works include Anyone Can Whistle (1964, which ran only nine performances, despite having stars Lee Remick and Angela Lansbury ), and the successful Company (1970), Follies (1971) and A Little Night Music (1973). Later, Sondheim found inspiration in unlikely sources:
20584-418: The necessary encouragement for other gifted writers to create musical plays of their own". The two collaborators created an extraordinary collection of some of musical theatre's best loved and most enduring classics, including Carousel (1945), South Pacific (1949), The King and I (1951) and The Sound of Music (1959). Some of these musicals treat more serious subject matter than most earlier shows:
20750-746: The opening of Japan to Western trade for Pacific Overtures (1976), a legendary murderous barber seeking revenge in the Industrial Age of London for Sweeney Todd (1979), the paintings of Georges Seurat for Sunday in the Park with George (1984), fairy tales for Into the Woods (1987), and a collection of presidential assassins in Assassins (1990). While some critics have argued that some of Sondheim's musicals lack commercial appeal, others have praised their lyrical sophistication and musical complexity, as well as
20916-498: The orchestra that "weav[es] together excerpts of the score's famous melodies." There are various Eastern traditions of theatre that include music, such as Chinese opera , Taiwanese opera , Japanese Noh and Indian musical theatre , including Sanskrit drama , Indian classical dance , Parsi theatre and Yakshagana . India has, since the 20th century, produced numerous musical films, referred to as " Bollywood " musicals, and in Japan
21082-459: The original production, for example, Bob Fosse 's choreography in Chicago . There is no fixed length for a musical. While it can range from a short one-act entertainment to several acts and several hours in length (or even a multi-evening presentation), most musicals range from one and a half to three hours. Musicals are usually presented in two acts, with one short intermission , and the first act
21248-643: The other hand, many successful musical theatre works have been adapted for musical films , such as West Side Story , My Fair Lady , The Sound of Music , Oliver! and Chicago . Musical theatre is closely related to the theatrical form of opera, but the two are usually distinguished by weighing a number of factors. First, musicals generally have a greater focus on spoken dialogue. Some musicals, however, are entirely accompanied and sung-through, while some operas, such as Die Zauberflöte , and most operettas , have some unaccompanied dialogue. Second, musicals usually include more dancing as an essential part of
21414-539: The outdoor amphitheatre from 5 August to 16 August 2009. A Bell helicopter was used. Arlington, Virginia's Signature Theatre 2013 production included the new song "Maybe" (which replaced the prior song "Now That I've Seen Her"), which was integrated into the West End's 2014 revival. In 2023, a revival was staged at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield , England. The production starred Joanna Ampil as The Engineer and
21580-496: The plot is relocated to 1970s Saigon during the Vietnam War , and Madama Butterfly ' s story of marriage between an American lieutenant and a geisha is replaced by a romance between a United States Marine and a seventeen-year-old South Vietnamese bargirl . The musical premièred at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane , London , on 20 September 1989, closing after 4,092 performances on 30 October 1999. It opened on Broadway at
21746-607: The plot of Miss Saigon . Highlights of the show include the evacuation of the last Americans in Saigon from the Embassy roof by helicopter while a crowd of abandoned Vietnamese people screams in despair, the victory parade of the new communist regime, and the frenzied night club scene at the time of defeat. E 3 –E 5 A 2 –G ♯ 4 ( falsetto B 4 ) A 2 –A ♭ 4 F ♯ 3 –E 5 A ♭ 2 –B ♭ 4 C 3 –B ♭ 4 G 3 –E ♭ 5 In April 1975 at "Dreamland",
21912-508: The production and the stereotypes making her feel physically ill. Sarah Bellamy, co-artistic director of the Penumbra Theatre , dedicated to African American theater, stated: "It gets a lot easier to wrap your head around all of this for folks of color when we remember a key point: this work is not for us. It is by, for, and about white people, using people of color, tropical climes, pseudo-cultural costumes and props, violence, tragedy, and
22078-508: The prospect of it appearing on Broadway, which Wong argued was because the United States has a much larger East Asian population than does the United Kingdom. When the production transferred from London to New York City, the Actors' Equity Association (AEA) refused to allow Pryce to portray the role of the Engineer, a Eurasian pimp , in the United States. The playwright David Henry Hwang and
22244-533: The racist U.S. policy of internment camps . Esther was about my size – which is small – but she was fearless. Esther protested Miss Saigon because, she better than anyone, understood Dr. King's "No one is free until we all are free." I stood with Esther, protesting Miss Saigon , and drew strength from her. We protested Miss Saigon because it was racist, sexist, and offensive to us as Asian Americans. Nineteen years later, this hasn't changed." Vietnamese American activist Denise Huynh recounts her experience attending
22410-705: The relatively narrow confines of the 1950s. Rock music would be used in several Broadway musicals, beginning with Hair , which featured not only rock music but also nudity and controversial opinions about the Vietnam War , race relations and other social issues. After Show Boat and Porgy and Bess , and as the struggle in America and elsewhere for minorities' civil rights progressed, Hammerstein, Harold Arlen , Yip Harburg and others were emboldened to write more musicals and operas that aimed to normalize societal toleration of minorities and urged racial harmony. Early Golden Age works that focused on racial tolerance included Finian's Rainbow and South Pacific . Towards
22576-451: The revolution begun by Show Boat , by tightly integrating all the aspects of musical theatre, with a cohesive plot, songs that furthered the action of the story, and featured dream ballets and other dances that advanced the plot and developed the characters, rather than using dance as an excuse to parade scantily clad women across the stage. Rodgers and Hammerstein hired ballet choreographer Agnes de Mille , who used everyday motions to help
22742-784: The room ("Room 317"). Ellen feels bad for Kim, but is determined to keep Chris ("Now That I've Seen Her/Maybe"). Chris and John return, having failed to find Kim. Ellen tells them both that Kim arrived and that she had to tell Kim everything. Chris and John blame themselves, realizing that they were gone too long. Ellen also tells them that Kim wants to see Chris at her place and that she tried to give away her son to them. John realizes that Kim wants Tam to be "an American boy." Ellen then issues an ultimatum to Chris: Kim or her. Chris reassures Ellen, and they pledge their love for each other. Chris and Ellen agree to leave Tam and Kim in Bangkok but offer them monetary support from America, while John decries their decision as selfish ("The Confrontation"). Back at
22908-481: The same song as on their first night ("Last Night of The World"). Three years later, in 1978, a street parade is taking place in Saigon (since renamed Ho Chi Minh City ) to celebrate the third anniversary of the reunification of Vietnam and the defeat of the Americans ("The Morning of The Dragon"). Thuy, now a commissar in the new Communist government, has ordered his soldiers to look for the still-corrupt Engineer. For
23074-512: The same time, Stephen Sondheim found success with some of his musicals, as mentioned above. Miss Saigon Miss Saigon is a sung-through stage musical by Claude-Michel Schönberg and Alain Boublil , with lyrics by Boublil and Richard Maltby Jr. It is based on Giacomo Puccini 's 1904 opera Madama Butterfly , and similarly tells the tragic tale of a doomed romance involving an Asian woman abandoned by her American lover. The setting of
23240-415: The sentimental romance of operetta, adding technical expertise and the fast-paced staging and naturalistic dialogue style led by director George Abbott . The 1940s began with more hits from Porter, Irving Berlin , Rodgers and Hart, Weill and Gershwin, some with runs over 500 performances as the economy rebounded, but artistic change was in the air. Rodgers and Hammerstein 's Oklahoma! (1943) completed
23406-465: The show opened on Broadway. During the production transfer from West End to Broadway, a lesser controversy erupted over Salonga's citizenship, as she was Filipina , and AEA wanted to give priority to its own members, initially preventing her from reprising her role. However, Mackintosh was unable to find a satisfactory replacement for Salonga despite the extensive auditions that he conducted in several American and Canadian cities. An arbitrator reversed
23572-420: The show's opening number changed the history of musical theatre: "After a verse like that, sung to a buoyant melody, the banalities of the old musical stage became intolerable." It was the first "blockbuster" Broadway show, running a total of 2,212 performances, and was made into a hit film. It remains one of the most frequently produced of the team's projects. William A. Everett and Paul R. Laird wrote that this
23738-407: The show, although it sometimes consists of a series of songs not directly musically related. Spoken dialogue is generally interspersed between musical numbers, although "sung dialogue" or recitative may be used, especially in so-called " sung-through " musicals such as Jesus Christ Superstar , Falsettos , Les Misérables , Evita and Hamilton . Several shorter musicals on Broadway and in
23904-799: The show. A production in Toronto at the Princess of Wales Theatre opened on May 8, 1993, starring Kevin Gray as the Engineer and Ma-Anne Dionisio as Kim. It closed on April 30, 1995. Replacements in the cast included Norm Lewis as John. The musical opened in Australia at the Capitol Theatre Sydney on 29 July 1995, starring Joanna Ampil as Kim, Peter Cousens as Chris, Cocoy Laurel as The Engineer, Milton Craig Nealy as John, Darren Yap as Thuy, and Silvie Paladino as Ellen. In Bømlo , Norway, it played in
24070-476: The stage, most notably Jesus Christ Superstar and Evita . Others had no dialogue or were otherwise reminiscent of opera, with dramatic, emotional themes; these sometimes started as concept albums and were referred to as rock operas . Shows like Raisin , Dreamgirls , Purlie and The Wiz brought a significant African-American influence to Broadway. More varied musical genres and styles were incorporated into musicals both on and especially off-Broadway. At
24236-402: The standard for what was considered a successful show. These shows were designed for family audiences, a marked contrast from the risqué burlesques, bawdy music hall shows and French operettas that sometimes drew a crowd seeking less wholesome entertainment. Only a few 19th-century musical pieces exceeded the run of The Mikado , such as Dorothy , which opened in 1886 and set a new record with
24402-515: The storytelling, particularly by the principal performers as well as the chorus. Third, musicals often use various genres of popular music or at least popular singing and musical styles. Finally, musicals usually avoid certain operatic conventions. In particular, a musical is almost always performed in the language of its audience. Musicals produced on Broadway or in the West End, for instance, are invariably sung in English, even if they were originally written in another language. While an opera singer
24568-623: The summer of 1753, they performed ballad-operas, such as The Beggar's Opera , and ballad-farces. By the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. Other early musical theatre in America consisted of British forms, such as burletta and pantomime, but what a piece was called did not necessarily define what it was. The 1852 Broadway extravaganza The Magic Deer advertised itself as "A Serio Comico Tragico Operatical Historical Extravaganzical Burletical Tale of Enchantment." Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown from around 1850 and did not arrive in
24734-674: The traditions of comic opera and used elements of burlesque and of the Harrigan and Hart pieces. He replaced the bawdy women of burlesque with his "respectable" corps of Gaiety Girls to complete the musical and visual fun. The success of the first of these, In Town (1892) and A Gaiety Girl (1893) set the style for the next three decades. The plots were generally light, romantic "poor maiden loves aristocrat and wins him against all odds" shows, with music by Ivan Caryll , Sidney Jones and Lionel Monckton . These shows were immediately widely copied in America, and Edwardian musical comedy swept away
24900-508: The turn of the 20th century. The Princess Theatre musicals (1915–1918) were artistic steps forward beyond the revues and other frothy entertainments of the early 20th century and led to such groundbreaking works as Show Boat (1927), Of Thee I Sing (1931) and Oklahoma! (1943). Some of the most famous musicals through the decades that followed include My Fair Lady (1956), The Fantasticks (1960), Hair (1967), A Chorus Line (1975), Les Misérables (1985), The Phantom of
25066-449: The villain in Oklahoma! is a suspected murderer and psychopath; Carousel deals with spousal abuse, thievery, suicide and the afterlife; South Pacific explores miscegenation even more thoroughly than Show Boat ; the hero of The King and I dies onstage; and the backdrop of The Sound of Music is the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938 . The show's creativity stimulated Rodgers and Hammerstein's contemporaries and ushered in
25232-464: The work's musical or dramatic content in defining into which art form the piece falls. Sondheim said, "I really think that when something plays Broadway it's a musical, and when it plays in an opera house it's opera. That's it. It's the terrain, the countryside, the expectations of the audience that make it one thing or another." There remains an overlap in form between lighter operatic forms and more musically complex or ambitious musicals. In practice, it
25398-420: Was A Chinese Honeymoon (1901), which ran for a record-setting 1,074 performances in London and 376 in New York. After the turn of the 20th century, Seymour Hicks joined forces with Edwardes and American producer Charles Frohman to create another decade of popular shows. Other enduring Edwardian musical comedy hits included The Arcadians (1909) and The Quaker Girl (1910). Virtually eliminated from
25564-457: Was Nicholas Hytner with musical staging by Bob Avian and scenic design by John Napier . In December 1994, the London production became the Theatre Royal's (Drury Lane) longest running musical, eclipsing the record set by My Fair Lady . Lea Salonga played the part of Kim, winning the Laurence Olivier Award and Tony Award . The Engineer was portrayed by Jonathan Pryce , who also won
25730-420: Was a "show, that, like Show Boat , became a milestone, so that later historians writing about important moments in twentieth-century theatre would begin to identify eras according to their relationship to Oklahoma! ". "After Oklahoma! , Rodgers and Hammerstein were the most important contributors to the musical-play form... The examples they set in creating vital plays, often rich with social thought, provided
25896-473: Was being discriminated against on the basis that he was white. Also, Pryce was considered by many in Europe to have "star status", a clause that allows a well-known foreign actor to recreate a role on Broadway without an American casting call. Producer Cameron Mackintosh threatened to cancel the show, despite massive advance ticket sales. After pressure from Mackintosh, the general public, and many of its own members, AEA reversed its decision. Pryce starred when
26062-491: Was by David Hersey . As of October 2022, Miss Saigon is the 14th longest-running Broadway musical . Preview performances for the anticipated West End revival in the show's 25th year began in early May 2014 at the Prince Edward Theatre . It was produced by Cameron Mackintosh and directed by Laurence Connor. The official opening night was 21 May. On 22 September 2014, a special 25th anniversary gala performance
26228-468: Was dominated by musical theatre standards, such as " Fascinating Rhythm ", " Tea for Two " and " Someone to Watch Over Me ". Many shows were revues , series of sketches and songs with little or no connection between them. The best-known of these were the annual Ziegfeld Follies , spectacular song-and-dance revues on Broadway featuring extravagant sets, elaborate costumes and beautiful chorus girls. These spectacles also raised production values, and mounting
26394-577: Was fresher. Tolerance as an important theme in musicals has continued in recent decades. The final expression of West Side Story left a message of racial tolerance. By the end of the 1960s, musicals became racially integrated, with black and white cast members even covering each other's roles, as they did in Hair . Homosexuality has also been explored in musicals, starting with Hair , and even more overtly in La Cage aux Folles , Falsettos , Rent , Hedwig and
26560-410: Was held. After a full performance of the current show, Lea Salonga, Simon Bowman, Jonathan Pryce and many of the original 1989 cast joined with the current cast for a special finale. The finale started with Lea Salonga leading the ensemble with "This Is the Hour", Salonga and Rachelle Ann Go performed "The Movie in My Mind". Salonga, Simon Bowman, Alistair Brammer and Eva Noblezada performed "Last Night of
26726-437: Was inspired by a photograph, which Schönberg found inadvertently in a magazine. It showed a Vietnamese mother leaving her child at a departure gate at Tan Son Nhut Air Base to board an airplane headed for the United States where the child's father, an ex-GI, would be in a position to provide a much better life for the child. Schönberg considered this mother's actions for her child to be "The Ultimate Sacrifice," an idea central to
26892-611: Was necessary to provide authenticity, but he appears to have been content to cast white actors as Vietnamese men. The American scholar Yutian Wong noted, however, that when Miss Saigon premiered on the West End in 1989, reviews in British newspapers such as the Daily Mail , The Times , and the Evening Standard were uniformly positive as British theater critics did not find anything objectionable about these characterizations. The controversy about Miss Saigon only began in 1990 with
27058-737: Was nominated for three What's On Stage awards. The first US tour started in Chicago, Illinois in October 1992 and was then expected to travel to those cities that could accommodate the large production. The tour also played venues such as the Wang Center in Boston from 14 July to 12 September 1993, the Broward Center for the Performing Arts , Florida in spring 1994, and the Kennedy Center , Washington, DC in June 1994. Cameron Mackintosh said, "Corners haven't been cut. They've been added. There are only
27224-504: Was praised by critics for its innovations in music and choreography but was less commercially successful than the same year's The Music Man , written and composed by Meredith Willson , which won the Tony Award for Best Musical that year. West Side Story would get a film adaptation in 1961, which proved successful both critically and commercially. Laurents and Sondheim teamed up again for Gypsy (1959), with Jule Styne providing
27390-425: Was the French operetta The Chimes of Normandy in 1878 (705 performances). English comic opera adopted many of the successful ideas of European operetta, none more successfully than the series of more than a dozen long-running Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas, including H.M.S. Pinafore (1878) and The Mikado (1885). These were sensations on both sides of the Atlantic and in Australia and helped to raise
27556-401: Was used in Miss Saigon . Miss Saigon has received criticism for its whitewashing as well as racist or sexist overtones, including protests regarding its portrayal of Asians and women in general. Originally, Pryce and Burns, white actors playing Eurasian/Asian characters, wore eye prostheses and bronzing cream to make themselves look more Asian, which outraged some who drew comparisons to
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