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104-507: The county also includes a third town, Đurđevac , but its population is much smaller than the main two (8,862 in 2001). The Koprivnica-Križevci County borders on the Međimurje County in the north, Varaždin County in the northwest, Zagreb County in the southwest, Bjelovar-Bilogora County in the south, Virovitica-Podravina County in the southeast and Hungary in the east. Koprivnica

208-600: A crescent shaped geographic feature of central Europe that ranges in an 800 km (500 mi) arc (curved line) from east to west and is 200 km (120 mi) in width. The mean height of the mountain peaks is 2.5 km (1.6 mi). The range stretches from the Mediterranean Sea north above the Po basin, extending through France from Grenoble , and stretching eastward through mid and southern Switzerland. The range continues onward toward Vienna , Austria, and southeast to

312-428: A dish known in the local dialect as sir z vrhnjom , which translates as "cheese with cream", or used to make turoš , in which case it is cone-shaped and dried. Sir z vrhnjom is often spiced with red paprika , which is also one of the main ingredients in turoš . Cottage cheese is also used as one of the fillings in a pastry called štrukli . Another condiment popular in the region is the pumpkin seed oil , which

416-716: A major commercial and military road between Western Europe and Italy. The pass was crossed by many troops on their way to the Italian peninsula. From Constantine I , Pepin the Short and Charlemagne to Henry IV , Napoléon and more recently the German Gebirgsjägers during World War II . Now the pass has been supplanted by the Fréjus Highway Tunnel (opened 1980) and Rail Tunnel (opened 1871). The Saint Gotthard Pass crosses from Central Switzerland to Ticino ; in 1882

520-687: A man was in 1788; the first ascent by a woman was in 1808. By the mid-1850s Swiss mountaineers had ascended most of the peaks and were eagerly sought as mountain guides. Edward Whymper reached the top of the Matterhorn in 1865 (after seven attempts), and in 1938 the last of the six great north faces of the Alps was climbed with the first ascent of the Eiger Nordwand (north face of the Eiger). Important geological concepts were established as naturalists began studying

624-560: A peaceful little merchant town. Koprivnica developed significantly in the 20th century with the advent of the Podravka food industry, and is known worldwide for its Vegeta spice. Križevci , on the other hand, as a smaller city and second mentioned in the county name, may seem like an underdog to its neighbour Koprivnica. Its first mention was from 1193 by Béla III but it was divided into two parts which developed at different rates. After centuries of division, empress Maria Theresa united

728-582: A tunnel 1.6 km (1 mi) long was built along the route of the pass in the mid-19th century. With a summit of 2,469 m (8,100 ft), the Great St Bernard Pass is one of the highest in the Alps, crossing the Italian-Swiss border east of the Pennine Alps along the flanks of Mont Blanc. The pass was used by Napoleon Bonaparte to cross 40,000 troops in 1800. The Mont Cenis pass has been

832-629: Is sedimentary rock formed during mountain building. The Alpine orogeny occurred in ongoing cycles through to the Paleogene causing differences in folded structures, with a late-stage orogeny causing the development of the Jura Mountains . A series of tectonic events in the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods caused different paleogeographic regions. The Alps are subdivided by different lithology (rock composition) and nappe structures according to

936-544: Is a triangle-shaped county in the northernmost part of Croatia , roughly corresponding to the historical and geographical region of Međimurje . It is the smallest Croatian county by size, as well as the most densely populated (not including the City of Zagreb ). The county's seat and main urban centre is Čakovec . The county borders Slovenia in the north-west and Hungary in the east; about 20 kilometres of Slovenian territory separate it from Austria . The south-eastern corner of

1040-469: Is also common for the temperature to drop below 0 °C over night, even when the daily temperature is in the range between 10 °C and 15 °C. There are three towns in Međimurje County – Čakovec , Prelog and Mursko Središće . The county seat, Čakovec, has an urban population of around 15,147, with a population of 27,820 in the administrative area. There are also several municipalities in

1144-621: Is believed to have been the original name of the region. It originated in the 6th or 7th century, which makes it older than the Latin toponyms that were first mentioned in feudalism . The name Medžimorje is derived from the Proto-Slavic preposition medji and the noun morje . It literally means "land surrounded by water", i.e. "island". Međimorje is also an archaic common noun that was used in Kajkavian Croatian, also meaning "island". However,

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1248-428: Is divided into: As of the 2011 census, the county had 115,584 residents. The population density is 71 people per km. 46°10′12″N 16°54′32″E  /  46.170°N 16.909°E  / 46.170; 16.909 Me%C4%91imurje County Međimurje County ( pronounced [medʑǐmuːrje] ; Croatian : Međimurska županija [medʑǐmurskaː ʒupǎnija] ; Hungarian : Muraköz megye )

1352-498: Is of continental European origin, above which are stacked marine sediment nappes, topped off by nappes derived from the African plate. The Matterhorn is an example of the ongoing orogeny and shows evidence of great folding. The tip of the mountain consists of gneisses from the African plate; the base of the peak, below the glaciated area, consists of European basement rock. The sequence of Tethyan marine sediments and their oceanic basement

1456-608: Is sandwiched between rock derived from the African and European plates. The core regions of the Alpine orogenic belt have been folded and fractured in such a manner that erosion produced the characteristic steep vertical peaks of the Swiss Alps that rise seemingly straight out of the foreland areas. Peaks such as Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and high peaks in the Pennine Alps, the Briançonnais, and Hohe Tauern consist of layers of rock from

1560-615: Is the Shtokavian dialect of Croatian . However, the local dialect is Kajkavian , which is commonly spoken and understood among the people native to the region. In Kajkavian there is a number of Hungarian and German loanwords, but the Međimurian Kajkavian dialect sees the strongest Hungarian and German influence. The Međimurian dialect forms dialect continuum to the Prekmurje Slovene (Southern Dolinsko dialect near Lendava ) and

1664-577: Is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains 128 peaks higher than 4,000 m (13,000 ft) . The altitude and size of the range affect the climate in Europe; in the mountains, precipitation levels vary greatly and climatic conditions consist of distinct zones. Wildlife such as ibex live in the higher peaks to elevations of 3,400 m (11,155 ft), and plants such as edelweiss grow in rocky areas in lower elevations as well as in higher elevations. Evidence of human habitation in

1768-437: Is used as a dressing for many local vegetable salad varieties. Some of the other traditional foods of the region include a type of pasta called mlinci , white and black sausages , known as čurke , which is served with sour cabbage, as well as other dried or otherwise preserved meat , such as meso z tiblice , which is stored in a small, usually wooden barrel called tiblica . There are also some vegetable dishes, while

1872-817: Is usually the coldest month, during which daily temperatures can stay below 0 °C for several days. Snowfall usually occurs between late October and early March. Fog can be a common early-morning occurrence between late summer and early spring, with all-day fog sometimes occurring during the coldest months. Warm weather, with daily temperatures around 15 °C, can occur as early as mid-February and as late as mid-November. In early October and late March, daily temperatures can also reach as high as 20 °C. However, February and November are generally cold months, with occasional heavy snow and daily temperatures around 0 °C, while March and October are generally cool, with occasional light snow and daily temperatures ranging between 0 °C and 15 °C. In March and October, it

1976-523: The Adriatic Sea and Slovenia . To the south it dips into northern Italy and to the north extends to the southern border of Bavaria in Germany. In areas like Chiasso , Switzerland, and Allgäu , Bavaria, the demarcation between the mountain range and the flatlands are clear; in other places such as Geneva , the demarcation is less clear. The Alps are found in the following countries: Austria (28.7% of

2080-626: The Banovina of Croatia . Upon signing the Tripartite Pact on 25 March 1941, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia became a member of the Axis powers . In spite of this, after the coup Yugoslavia was invaded by Axis forces on 6 April 1941 and was subsequently occupied and partitioned. Between 1941 and 1945, Međimurje was occupied and annexed by Hungary . At this time some re-settlement of ethnic Croats who were settled in

2184-892: The Colle della Maddalena , to the north. Upon reaching the Swiss border, the line of the main chain heads approximately east-northeast, a heading it follows until its end near Vienna. The northeast end of the Alpine arc, directly on the Danube , which flows into the Black Sea, is the Leopoldsberg near Vienna. In contrast, the southeastern part of the Alps ends on the Adriatic Sea in the area around Trieste towards Duino and Barcola . The Alps have been crossed for war and commerce, and by pilgrims, students and tourists. Crossing routes by road, train, or foot are known as passes , and usually consist of depressions in

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2288-738: The Faculty of Teacher Education ( Učiteljski fakultet ) and the Polytechnic of Međimurje ( Međimursko veleučilište ). The Faculty of Teacher Education in Čakovec is part of the University of Zagreb . The first organized human habitations here can be traced back to the Stone Age . There is a Neolithic site called Ferenčica near Prelog . There are archaeological sites that date from the Bronze Age , and 3rd century sites called Ciglišće and Varaščine . During

2392-699: The Frankish Kingdom . The Slavs , which settled this region in the 6th century, gained independence after destruction of the Avar Khaganate. In the 9th century, it was included in the Slavic state of Lower Pannonia . According to some sources, the area was also part of the Great Moravia . The Hungarians occupied the region in 896 and expanded to the river Sava , but as the Principality of Hungary transformed to

2496-502: The Gotthard Base Tunnel , was opened, which connects Erstfeld in canton of Uri with Bodio in canton of Ticino by two single tubes of 57.1 km (35.5 mi). It is the first tunnel that traverses the Alps on a flat route. From 11 December 2016, it has been part of the regular railway timetable and used hourly as standard ride between Basel / Lucerne / Zürich and Bellinzona / Lugano / Milan . The highest pass in

2600-632: The Habsburg -Ottoman wars. Then followed his son, Juraj IV Zrinski (George IV), until 1603, and his grandson Nikola VI. Zrinski (Nicholas VI) until 1624. Next was another grandson, a brother of Nicholas VI, Juraj V Zrinski (George V). He was poisoned in 1626 by the general Albrecht Wallenstein in Pressburg and was buried in Pauline Monastery of Sveta Jelena ( St. Helen in English) near Čakovec, next to

2704-652: The Iron Age , the Indo-European tribes identified in the area were Celts , Serets and Pannons , and the region became part of the Roman empire. In the 1st century, the Romans knew the area as Insula intra Dravam et Muram ("island between the Drava and Mura rivers") according to the geographer Strabo . The most important settlement they established was Halikan ( Halicanum ). The region

2808-524: The Kingdom of Hungary , the borders with the Kingdom of Croatia were set along the river Drava . In 1102 Croatia entered a personal union with the Kingdom of Hungary. During 13th century tradesmen and merchants (mostly ethnic Germans ) started to arrive and began to develop the urban localities that are present today. Prelog (Perlak) was founded in 1264, shortly after the invasion of the Mongols in 1242, and

2912-643: The Mura and the Drava ", referring to the two rivers bordering the region. The name Hortus Croatiae means "the [flower] garden of Croatia". In Hungarian , the region is known as Muraköz , and in German as Murinsel . In Croatian , it was referred to by several names as well, including Mejmorje , Medžmorje and Medžimorje (in Kajkavian ), as well as Međumurje and Međimurje (in Shtokavian ). The Kajkavian toponym Medžimorje

3016-585: The Oxford English Dictionary , the Latin Alpes might derive from a pre-Indo-European word * alb "hill"; "Albania" is a related derivation. Albania, a name not native to the region known as the country of Albania , has been used as a name for several mountainous areas across Europe. In Roman times , "Albania" was a name for the eastern Caucasus , while in the English languages "Albania" (or "Albany")

3120-733: The Pangaean supercontinent consisted of a single tectonic plate ; it broke into separate plates during the Mesozoic Era and the Tethys sea developed between Laurasia and Gondwana during the Jurassic Period. The Tethys was later squeezed between colliding plates causing the formation of mountain ranges called the Alpide belt , from Gibraltar through the Himalayas to Indonesia —a process that began at

3224-567: The Pannonian Basin . The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn . Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at 4,809 m (15,778 ft)

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3328-460: The Romanticists , followed by the golden age of alpinism as mountaineers began to ascend the peaks of the Alps. The Alpine region has a strong cultural identity. Traditional practices such as farming, cheesemaking, and woodworking still thrive in Alpine villages. However, the tourist industry began to grow early in the 20th century and expanded significantly after World War II, eventually becoming

3432-705: The Simplon Pass , and the Stelvio Pass . Crossing the Italian-Austrian border, the Brenner Pass separates the Ötztal Alps and Zillertal Alps and has been in use as a trading route since the 14th century. The lowest of the Alpine passes at 985 m (3,232 ft), the Semmering crosses from Lower Austria to Styria ; since the 12th century when a hospice was built there, it has seen continuous use. A railroad with

3536-448: The demons of darkness and winter. The main festivities of the Fašnik period are usually held in the centre of Čakovec, with a parade of masked people from the entire region walking through the city's streets to reach its central square, where a hanged hay doll representing the Fašnik is traditionally burned down to signify victory over the demons of darkness and winter, as well as to mark

3640-404: The turtle dove ( Croatian : grlica gugutka , but locally referred to just as grlica ), which is one of the most common birds in the region, and the violet ( ljubičica ). The region is often called Međimurje malo , which is Croatian for "Little Međimurje". Međimurje County location in the Pannonian Basin covers the plains between two rivers – the Mura and the Drava . The Mura flows along

3744-597: The 15 km-long (9.3 mi) Saint Gotthard Railway Tunnel was opened connecting Lucerne in Switzerland, with Milan in Italy. 98 years later followed Gotthard Road Tunnel (16.9 km (10.5 mi) long) connecting the A2 motorway in Göschenen on the north side with Airolo on the south side, exactly like the railway tunnel. On 1 June 2016 the world's longest railway tunnel,

3848-651: The 20th century Robert Parker wrote a well-known work about the rock crystals of the Swiss Alps; at the same period a commission was established to control and standardize the naming of Alpine minerals. In the Miocene Epoch the mountains underwent severe erosion because of glaciation, which was noted in the mid-19th century by naturalist Louis Agassiz who presented a paper proclaiming the Alps were covered in ice at various intervals—a theory he formed when studying rocks near his Neuchâtel home which he believed originated to

3952-668: The 29 "four-thousanders" with at least 300 m (984 ft) of prominence. While Mont Blanc was first climbed in 1786 and the Jungfrau in 1811, most of the Alpine four-thousanders were climbed during the second half of the 19th century, notably Piz Bernina (1850), the Dom (1858), the Grand Combin (1859), the Weisshorn (1861) and the Barre des Écrins (1864); the ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865 marked

4056-481: The Alpine region. The cinnabar deposits in Slovenia are a notable source of cinnabar pigments. Alpine crystals have been studied and collected for hundreds of years and began to be classified in the 18th century. Leonhard Euler studied the shapes of crystals, and by the 19th-century crystal hunting was common in Alpine regions. David Friedrich Wiser amassed a collection of 8000 crystals that he studied and documented. In

4160-488: The Alps are difficult to quantify and likely to vary significantly in space and time. The Alps are a source of minerals that have been mined for thousands of years. In the 8th to 6th centuries, BC during the Hallstatt culture , Celtic tribes mined copper; later the Romans mined gold for coins in the Bad Gastein area. Erzberg in Styria furnishes high-quality iron ore for the steel industry. Crystals, such as cinnabar , amethyst , and quartz , are found throughout much of

4264-536: The Alps goes back to the Palaeolithic era. A mummified man ("Ötzi") , determined to be 5,000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian–Italian border in 1991. By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La Tène culture was well established. Hannibal notably crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region. In 1800, Napoleon crossed one of the mountain passes with an army of 40,000. The 18th and 19th centuries saw an influx of naturalists, writers, and artists, in particular,

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4368-434: The Austroalpine peaks underwent an event in the Cretaceous Period, the two areas show distinct differences in nappe formations. Flysch deposits in the Southern Alps of Lombardy probably occurred in the Cretaceous or later. Peaks in France, Italy and Switzerland lie in the "Houillière zone", which consists of basement with sediments from the Mesozoic Era. High "massifs" with external sedimentary cover are more common in

4472-402: The Eastern and South-Western Alps. The underlying mechanisms that jointly drive the present-day uplift pattern are the isostatic rebound due to the melting of the last glacial maximum ice-cap or long-term erosion, detachment of the Western Alpine subducting slab, mantle convection as well as ongoing horizontal convergence between Africa and Europe, but their relative contributions to the uplift of

4576-408: The Emperor and Petar Keglević in 1542/43. In 1546 the Diet in Pressburg (Pozsony, today's Bratislava ) approved the transfer of Čakovec and Međimurje to Nikola Šubić Zrinski . Rapid development began in 1547 under the ruling Zrinski family. In 1579 the craftsmen and merchants outside the walls of Čakovec Castle (csáktornyai kastély) were granted the right to trade; this was the beginning of

4680-462: The Greek goddess Alphito , whose name is related to alphita , the "white flour"; alphos , a dull white leprosy; and finally the Proto-Indo-European word *albʰós . Similarly, the river god Alpheus is also supposed to derive from the Greek alphos and means whitish. In his commentary on the Aeneid of Virgil , the late fourth-century grammarian Maurus Servius Honoratus says that all high mountains are called Alpes by Celts. According to

4784-412: The Kajkavian literary language. In 1918, after the collapse of the monarchic union of Austria-Hungary , and after the disarmament of the local police, the Međimurje region fell into civil disorder. The National Council of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs in Zagreb sent hastily assembled troops, which crossed the river Drava and reached Čakovec where they were defeated. In the second attempt to capture

4888-415: The Lower and Upper Križevac into Križevci in 1752. The town was also hit by the wars with the Turks, but it regained importance in 1871 when the railway was built through it on the way from Budapest to Rijeka . Modern Križevci is oriented towards entrepreneurship, while preserving its eight beautiful churches (one of which is a cathedral ), built mostly in the Middle Ages . Koprivnica-Križevci county

4992-425: The Ottoman Empire. Parts of Međimurje remained in the hands of the Zrinski family until the end of the 17th century. The last male member of the family, Ivan Antun Zrinski (John IV), died in prison in 1703. In 1715, during the period of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor , Count Michael Althan became the owner of Međimurje; he received the land for his loyal services. In 1720 the region was detached from Croatia and

5096-481: The Western Alps and were affected by Neogene Period thin-skinned thrusting whereas the Eastern Alps have comparatively few high peaked massifs. Similarly the peaks in eastern Switzerland extending to western Austria (Helvetic nappes) consist of thin-skinned sedimentary folding that detached from former basement rock. In simple terms, the structure of the Alps consists of layers of rock of European, African, and oceanic (Tethyan) origin. The bottom nappe structure

5200-415: The administration of the seat of the main territorial dominion as an attorney of the Celje family. King Matthias Corvinus bought the mortgage and donated the land to John I Ernuszt and his son, who were Jewish merchants from Sweden, living in Buda . The monastery in Goričan, which had managed the administration of the seat of the main territorial dominion, was dissolved. The seat of the administration of

5304-525: The alps is the Col de l'Iseran in Savoy (France) at 2,770 m (9,088 ft), followed by the Stelvio Pass in northern Italy at 2,756 m (9,042 ft); the road was built in the 1820s. The Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA) has defined a list of 82 "official" Alpine summits that reach at least 4,000 m (13,123 ft). The list includes not only mountains, but also subpeaks with little prominence that are considered important mountaineering objectives. Below are listed

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5408-447: The capitol in 1333. In 1350, King Louis I gave the land to viceroy ( Ban ) Stjepan I Lacković, a member of the ruling Lacković family of Transylvania . It remained Lacković property until 1397, when King Sigismund executed Stjepan II Lacković, and took back the area to the Crown. In 1405, the Celje family received Međimurje (Muraköz) as a gift from the Crown, and the land was mortgaged. The monastery in Goričan (Goritsán) managed

5512-744: The central and western portions. The variances in nomenclature in the region spanned by the Alps make classification of the mountains and subregions difficult, but a general classification is that of the Eastern Alps and Western Alps with the divide between the two occurring in eastern Switzerland according to geologist Stefan Schmid, near the Splügen Pass . The highest peaks of the Western Alps and Eastern Alps, respectively, are Mont Blanc, at 4,810 m (15,780 ft), and Piz Bernina , at 4,049 m (13,284 ft). The second-highest major peaks are Monte Rosa , at 4,634 m (15,203 ft), and Ortler , at 3,905 m (12,810 ft), respectively. A series of lower mountain ranges run parallel to

5616-432: The city streets. According to the 1910 census, the population of Međimurje numbered 90,387 people, including 82,829 Croats and 6,766 Hungarians. The Magyarization between the 1870s-1910s introduced the concept of Međimurian language (muraközi nyelv). According to this view, the spoken language in Međimurje was not Croatian or Kajkavian, but Međimurian Slavic , which is a separate Slavic language-family. József Margitai

5720-399: The county is near the town of Legrad and the confluence of the Mura into the Drava . The closest cities include Varaždin and Koprivnica in Croatia, Lendava , Murska Sobota and Maribor in Slovenia, as well as Nagykanizsa in Hungary and Graz in Austria. The Croatian capital of Zagreb is about 90 kilometers south-west of Čakovec. There are slopes of the Alpine foothills in

5824-403: The county was 113,804. During the same census, a total of 106,744 residents of the county identified themselves as Croats . The following ethnic minorities were represented by more than 100 people in the 2011 census: Romani (5,107), Slovenes (516), Serbs (249), Albanians (200), and Russians (137). The county has the highest concentration of Romani people in Croatia. The demographics of

5928-399: The county's northern border with the Slovenian region of Prekmurje ( Municipality of Lendava , Municipality of Ljutomer and Municipality of Ormož ) and its eastern border with Hungary's Zala County , while the Drava flows along the county's southern border with two other Croatian counties – Varaždin County and Koprivnica-Križevci County . The Trnava River flows through the middle of

6032-441: The county, with their seats including Belica , Dekanovec , Domašinec , Donja Dubrava , Donji Kraljevec , Donji Vidovec , Goričan , Gornji Mihaljevec , Kotoriba , Mala Subotica , Nedelišće , Orehovica , Podturen , Pribislavec , Selnica , Strahoninec , Sveta Marija , Sveti Juraj na Bregu , Sveti Martin na Muri , Šenkovec , Štrigova and Vratišinec . Nedelišće, Pribislavec, Strahoninec and Šenkovec are all located on

6136-401: The county. There are two reservoir lakes on the Drava – Lake Varaždin and Lake Dubrava – both built to serve the two hydroelectric power plants based in the county. Lake Dubrava, located near the city of Prelog , is the biggest artificial lake in Croatia and the second largest lake overall in the country. The power plant using Lake Varaždin is named after the county seat, Čakovec, while

6240-405: The demolition of the original 15th century-built chapel by an earthquake in 1738. Ignacije Szentmartony , a Jesuit from Kotoriba (Kottori), was a royal mathematician and astronomer in Lisbon and in 1754 an explorer of Brazil on behalf of the Portuguese government. In 1791 Count György Festetics bought Međimurje, including Čakovec Castle and Feštetić Castle (Festetics kastély) in

6344-463: The dialect of Prlekija . The artists of the Međimurje seek to cultivate the local dialect, including Franjo Mesarić–Frenki writer and poet, and Vlado Mihaljević, writer, singer, cantor and searcher. Each municipality seat has an eight-year elementary school . However, there are also local schools in many smaller villages within each municipality, where the pupils can complete the first four years of their primary education. After that, they are moved to

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6448-424: The dominant industry by the end of the century. The Winter Olympic Games have been hosted in the Swiss, French, Italian, Austrian and German Alps. As of 2010, the region is home to 14 million people and has 120 million annual visitors. The English word Alps comes from the Latin Alpes . The Latin word Alpes could possibly come from the adjective albus ("white"), or could possibly come from

6552-424: The end of festivities. Another notable and highly attended festival held in Čakovec is the Porcijunkulovo , an annual fair which takes place on the streets around the city's centre between 30 July and 5 August. At the fair, many of the region's traditional products, such as baskets , can be purchased and people can also see how some of the products are made. Many of the region's traditional foods are served during

6656-404: The end of the Mesozoic and continues into the present. The formation of the Alps was a segment of this orogenic process, caused by the collision between the African and the Eurasian plates that began in the late Cretaceous Period. Under extreme compressive stresses and pressure, marine sedimentary rocks were uplifted, forming characteristic recumbent folds , and thrust faults . As

6760-495: The end of the golden age of alpinism . Karl Blodig (1859–1956) was among the first to successfully climb all the major 4,000 m peaks. He completed his series of ascents in 1911. Many of the big Alpine three-thousanders were climbed in the early 19th century, notably the Grossglockner (1800) and the Ortler (1804), although some of them were climbed only much later, such at Mont Pelvoux (1848), Monte Viso (1861) and La Meije (1877). The first British Mont Blanc ascent by

6864-421: The festivities and there is a daily entertainment program at a temporary stage set up at the city's central square. For many centuries, Međimurje was part of Hungary, whose influence is evident in its history and culture. The traditional food during the Fašnik period are a type of doughnuts known in Croatian as krafne , although the local people also use several similar names for the food. As well as being

6968-427: The formal and legal city structure. The area was of importance as a trade center with Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia and Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary positioned nearby on the main roads, facilitating the exchange of goods, crafts and ideas. The region was also a military buffer zone against the expanding Ottoman Empire . Nikola Šubić Zrinski ruled as Nicholas IV (1508–1566). He was a hero of the Battle of Szigetvár of

7072-399: The graves of his ancestors. He was followed by his son Nikola VII Zrinski (Nicholas VII), (1620–1664), a famous Croatian Ban . At the coronation of Ferdinand IV , he carried the sword of state and was made Captain General of Croatia. He was killed while hunting in the forest near Kuršanec (Kursanecz), apparently by a wounded wild boar, but there were rumors that he had been murdered by

7176-402: The highest and most extensive mountain ranges in Europe , stretching approximately 1,200 km (750 mi) across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): Monaco , France , Switzerland , Italy , Liechtenstein , Germany , Austria and Slovenia . The Alpine arch extends from Nice on the western Mediterranean to Trieste on the Adriatic and Vienna at the beginning of

7280-401: The local Kajkavian dialect. A similar cake filled with poppy seed is called makovnjača , with its name derived from mak , the Croatian word for poppy . There is also a type of corn mush called žganci , which is usually served with liquid sour cream , buttermilk or warm milk. Cottage cheese is also a popular food in the region. It can either be served with liquid sour cream to form

7384-407: The main chain of the Alps, including the French Prealps in France and the Jura Mountains in Switzerland and France. The secondary chain of the Alps follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald , passing over many of the highest and most well-known peaks in the Alps. From the Colle di Cadibona to Col de Tende it runs westwards, before turning to the northwest and then, near

7488-612: The main school of their municipality to complete the remaining four years, usually travelling to the school by a school bus . Čakovec has three eight-year elementary schools. There are also several high schools in Čakovec, including the Gymnasium and schools offering secondary education for jobs in technology , industry , transport , construction , economy and trade . The smaller city of Prelog also offers secondary education for jobs in catering , tourism and economy. The city of Čakovec also has two institutions of higher education –

7592-668: The main territorial dominion Goričan came under the administration of the Bishop of Ljubljana . It remained in the hands of the Ernušts until 1526, when the family died out without heir. Since 1526, the region became part of the Habsburg monarchy , as did Kingdom of Hungary along with Croatia . It followed a succession and inheritance dispute between the Keglević family and the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand I . Since 1530 until 1790 Goričan

7696-782: The mountains in which a valley leads from the plains and hilly pre-mountainous zones. In the medieval period hospices were established by religious orders at the summits of many of the main passes. The most important passes are the Col de l'Iseran (the highest), the Col Agnel , the Brenner Pass , the Mont-Cenis , the Great St. Bernard Pass , the Col de Tende , the Gotthard Pass , the Semmering Pass ,

7800-548: The names Međimurje (Shtokavian Croatian), Muraköz (Hungarian), and Murinsel (German) all contain the hydronym Mura (or Mur ). The name Murinsel means "island on the Mura". This led to some dilemmas in the usage of the Croatian names Međimorje and Međimurje . In Kajkavian Croatian the name is Medžimurje , or Medžimorje , and in the Prekmurje Slovene it is Medmürje or Nedžimurje. The region's unofficial symbols include

7904-408: The neighboring village of Pribislavec (Zalaújvár), which remained in the property of Feštetić family until 1923. On 19 April 1848 Josip Jelačić proclaimed a union of Croatian provinces, and their separation from the Kingdom of Hungary . By 1868, the former status quo was restored. Within the years 1860 to 1889 the railroad was introduced, while in 1893 electric power started illuminating most of

8008-563: The north-western part of the county, the Upper Međimurje, making it suitable for vineyards . The south-eastern part of the county, the Lower Međimurje, touches the flat Pannonian Plain . The flat parts of the region are also largely used for agriculture , which mostly includes fields of cereals , maize and potato , as well as orchards , which are mostly planted with apple trees. There are two major hydroelectric power plants along

8112-614: The north-western part of the county, with villages like Štrigova and numerous vineyards . Grasslands and forests cover an area of around 105 km . The biggest forest is Murščak , located between Domašinec and Donji Hrašćan . The climate is continental . Summers are quite hot. Daily temperatures during the summer months usually range between 20 °C and 30 °C, but can reach as high as 40 °C in July and August, when they can also stay above 30 °C for several days. Thunderstorms and rapid weather changes are common throughout

8216-423: The one using Lake Dubrava is named Dubrava, taking its name from the nearby village of Donja Dubrava . The county's elevation ranges between 120 and 344 metres above sea level , the latter being the elevation of its highest hill, Mohokos . Čakovec has an elevation of between 160 and 165 metres above sea level . Throughout the past, there were occasional earthquakes in the region. One of significant strength hit

8320-515: The order of the Habsburg court. His brother, Petar Zrinski (Peter IV), was noted for his role in the attempted Croatian-Hungarian rebellion of 1664-1670 which ultimately led to his execution for treason. His wife, Katarina Zrinska , died imprisoned for the same offence on 16 November 1673 in Graz . On 19 August 1691 the son of Nicholas VII, Adam Zrinski , fell at Battle of Slankamen while fighting against

8424-787: The orogenic events that affected them. The geological subdivision differentiates the Western, Eastern Alps, and Southern Alps: the Helveticum in the north, the Penninicum and Austroalpine system in the centre and, south of the Periadriatic Seam, the Southern Alpine system . According to geologist Stefan Schmid, because the Western Alps underwent a metamorphic event in the Cenozoic Era while

8528-427: The other settlements followed. Later it was part of Zala County . In the beginning of the 14th century, the area was ruled by powerful semi-independent oligarch Henrik Kőszegi . Čakovec (Csáktornya) got its name from Count Dimitry Csáky , who at the beginning of the 13th century erected the timber fortification that eventually was "Csáky's tower", mentioned for the first time in 1328. King Charles I named Čakovec as

8632-453: The outskirts of Čakovec, with Belica approximately 5 kilometers from the city's centre. If not including the City of Zagreb , Međimurje is the smallest Croatian county, with an area of 729.5 km . Nevertheless, with an average population of 156 people/km , it is the most densely populated Croatian county, again if the City of Zagreb is not included. In the 2011 census, the total population of

8736-805: The production of wine is ubiquitous in the hilly landscape of the region's northwest. The diet of the region is part of the Croatian cuisine , which is known for its diversity. There are spas used for recreation in Vučkovec and around Sveti Martin na Muri , both in the northern part of the county and near the Mura . There are also more than 200 clubs for various sporting and recreational activities such as mountaineering , fishing , bowling , CB radio , parachuting and flying small aircraft , including unpowered gliders and powered hang gliders . Hunting also attracts numerous hunters in low game and birds. Alps The Alps ( / æ l p s / ) are one of

8840-762: The program of the autonomous (or independent) Slovene March. Oszkár Jászi , who supported the Slovene and Croatian minority, completed the program in a proposal: the Slovene March and the Međimurje should be merged. The program did not materialize. Until 1922 the region was part of Varaždin County. From 1922 to 1929 the region was part of the Maribor Oblast, from 1929 to 1939 part of the Sava Banovina and from 1939 to 1941 part of

8944-605: The range's area), Italy (27.2%), France (21.4%), Switzerland (13.2%), Germany (5.8%), Slovenia (3.6%), Liechtenstein (0.08%) and Monaco (0.001%). The highest portion of the range is divided by the glacial trough of the Rhône valley, from Mont Blanc to the Matterhorn and Monte Rosa on the southern side, and the Bernese Alps on the northern. The peaks in the easterly portion of the range, in Austria and Slovenia, are smaller than those in

9048-719: The region after 1918 occurred. Bulgarian troops within the Soviet 3rd Ukrainian Front captured the region in the spring of 1945, and the region became part of the socialist Croatia within restored Yugoslavia. One notable traditional festival is the Fašnik , a carnival -like event held in February. The event's name is derived from the German word Fasching , describing similar events mostly held in Austria and Bavaria . The festival has been observed for centuries, with masked people participating in public parades and celebrations to drive off

9152-455: The region changed swiftly in the period between 1950 and 1975, with a significant reduction in the size of the family. From the national perspective, the population is moving toward the Istria region, while the seasonal workforce moves toward Zagreb and the southern parts of Croatia. The natural population increase is minimal. The official language of Međimurje County, as in the whole of Croatia,

9256-421: The region in 1880, while another in 1738 devastated Čakovec and particularly the nearby Šenkovec . Of the county's total area of 729.5 km , around 360 km are used in agriculture. Due to the high population density , agricultural land is divided into 21,000 units averaging 17,500 m (188,368.43 sq ft) each. 27.5 km are covered with orchards. 11 km is the hilly area, located in

9360-634: The region in late 1918 , troops commanded by Slavko Kvaternik forced the Hungarian troops to abandon the region. On 9 January 1919, Međimurje joined to the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as Yugoslavia ). In the Southern region, in the Slovene March (today the Prekmurje and Raba March near Szentgotthárd ) there emerged independence-autonomy movements. József Klekl expressed

9464-413: The rising peaks underwent erosion, a layer of marine flysch sediments was deposited in the foreland basin , and the sediments became involved in younger folds as the orogeny progressed. Coarse sediments from the continual uplift and erosion were later deposited in foreland areas north of the Alps. These regions in Switzerland and Bavaria are well-developed, containing classic examples of flysch , which

9568-511: The rock formations of the Alps in the 18th century. In the mid-19th century, the now-defunct idea of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains. This theory was replaced in the mid-20th century by the theory of plate tectonics . The formation of the Alps (the Alpine orogeny ) was an episodic process that began about 300 million years ago. In the Paleozoic Era

9672-694: The southern border of the county, on the Drava River. Besides its Croatian name (Međimurska županija), the county is also known as Muraköz megye in Hungarian , Medžimurska županija in Slovene , and Murinsel in German . Throughout the past, the historical region of Međimurje was referred to by several names. In Latin , it was called Insula intra Dravum et Muram , Insula Muro-Dravana and Hortus Slavoniae Superior (or Hortus Croatiae ). The names Insula intra Dravum et Muram and Insula Muro-Dravana mean "island between

9776-730: The summer months and where huts and hay barns can be found, sometimes constituting tiny hamlets. Therefore, the term "the Alps", as a reference to the mountains, is a misnomer. The term for the mountain peaks varies by nation and language: words such as Horn , Kogel , Kopf , Gipfel , Spitze , Stock , and Berg are used in German-speaking regions; Mont , Pic , Tête , Pointe , Dent , Roche , and Aiguille in French-speaking regions; and Monte , Picco , Corno , Punta , Pizzo , or Cima in Italian-speaking regions. The Alps are

9880-475: The summer months, as well as in late spring, with a particularly stormy period being between mid-June and mid-July, when they often occur on a daily basis. Springs and autumns are usually calm, although rapid weather changes can also be common during the two seasons. Winters can be very severe, with early-morning temperatures sometimes reaching as low as -20 °C. During the winter months, daily temperatures usually range between -10 °C and 10 °C. January

9984-494: The traditional food of the Fašnik period, krafne are also a popular everyday food in the region and are sold in local stores and bakeries throughout the year. The traditional food of the Porcijunkulovo festivities is lángos , whose name is spelled langoš in Croatian. Another notable sweet food is a type of nut roll called orehnjača , which is filled with walnut cream. Its name is derived from oreh , meaning "walnut" in

10088-530: The various orogenies including exposures of basement rock. Due to the ever-present geologic instability, earthquakes continue in the Alps to this day. Typically, the largest earthquakes in the alps have been between magnitude 6 and 7 on the Richter scale. Geodetic measurements show ongoing topographic uplift at rates of up to about 2.5 mm per year in the North, Western and Central Alps, and at ~1 mm per year in

10192-532: The west in the Bernese Oberland. Because of his work he came to be known as the "father of the ice-age concept" although other naturalists before him put forth similar ideas. Agassiz studied glacier movement in the 1840s at the Unteraar Glacier where he found the glacier moved 100 m (328 ft) per year, more rapidly in the middle than at the edges. His work was continued by other scientists and now

10296-562: Was by interdictum under the administration of the Bishop of Zagreb as an attorney of both the Emperor and the Keglević family to prevent any violent confrontations between them both, but Čakovec became the seat of the administration of the main territorial dominion in 1546, because even the Bishop Simon Erdődy (1518–1543, Bishop of Zagreb) could not prevent a violent confrontation between

10400-564: Was first mentioned in 1272 in a document by prince Ladislaus IV of Hungary and was declared a free royal town by king Ludovic I in 1356. It has flourished as a trading place and a military fortress since that time. The military aspect set it back when it was included in the Croatian Military Frontier in the 16th century during the wars with the Ottoman Turks . After Maria Theresa 's decree of 1765, however, it resumed life as

10504-515: Was included into the Zala County of the main part of the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary. In 1738 Čakovec Castle was hit by an earthquake, which caused tremendous damage. The owners of the city made some repairs, but in 1741, fire caused additional damage. The castle started to decay. The Church of St. Jerome was rebuilt in 1749 in Štrigova (Stridóvár) by the famous artist Ivan Ranger following

10608-432: Was occasionally used as a name for Scotland , although it is more likely derived from the Latin word albus , the colour white. In modern languages the term alp , alm , albe or alpe refers to a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks. An alp refers to a high mountain pasture, typically near or above the tree line , where cows and other livestock are taken to be grazed during

10712-742: Was part of the Roman province of Pannonia and later part of the Pannonia Superior . Čakovec was originally called Aquama ("the wet city"), because the area was marshland. During the Migration Period, many different tribes , such as Huns , Visigoths , and Ostrogoths , passed through the region. The region was part of the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths , the state of the Lombards , the Avar Khaganate , and

10816-520: Was the main propagandist of the Međimurian language and he published few Međimurian books. The propagandists exploited idea that the Croatians are dissatisfied with the new Serbo-Croatian language. Margitai propagated in Međimurian the usefulness of the assimilation in the Međimurje and the superiority of the Hungarian nation. The fake Međimurian literary language in fact was only little different from

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