22-601: Kondapalli toys are toys made of wood in Kondapalli of Krishna district , a nearby Vijayawada in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . Bommala Colony translates to Toys Colony in Kondapalli is the place where the art of crafting takes place. It was registered as one of the geographical indication handicraft from Andhra Pradesh as per Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 . This GI application
44-533: A 1760 MW Dr Narla Tata Rao Thermal Power Station (NTTPs) and 368.144 MW gas based Lanco power plant which is under expansion to 768.144 MW are located here. Andhra Pradesh Heavy Machinery & Engineering Limited (APHMEL) factory is present in Kondapalli. Kondapalli is hub for storage, bottling and transportation of petroleum products of all major companies. Major companies having a presence in Kondapalli include BPCL , GAIL , HPCL , IOC , Reliance Industries , and Lanco Infratech . Kondapalli railway station
66-747: A carcass, but they normally hunt either alone or in pairs. The English word "jackal" dates back to 1600 and derives from the French chacal , itself from Turkish çakal , itself from Persian شغال shaghāl , from or cognate with Sanskrit शृगाल śṛgāla- meaning "the howler". Dog [REDACTED] Gray wolf [REDACTED] Coyote [REDACTED] Golden wolf [REDACTED] Golden jackal [REDACTED] Ethiopian wolf [REDACTED] Dhole [REDACTED] African wild dog [REDACTED] Side-striped jackal [REDACTED] Black-backed jackal [REDACTED] Similarities between jackals and coyotes led Lorenz Oken , in
88-454: A jackal, thus it has also been called the "red jackal" or the "Simien jackal". [REDACTED] Like foxes and coyotes, jackals are often depicted as clever sorcerers in the myths and legends of their regions. They are mentioned roughly 14 times in the Bible . It is frequently used as a literary device to illustrate desolation, loneliness, and abandonment, with reference to its habit of living in
110-620: A physique well-suited for long-distance running, capable of maintaining speeds of 16 km/h (10 mph) for extended periods of time. Jackals are crepuscular , most active at dawn and dusk. Their most common social unit is a monogamous pair, which defends its territory from other pairs by vigorously chasing intruders and marking landmarks around the territory with their urine and feces . The territory may be large enough to hold some young adults, which stay with their parents until they establish their own territories. Jackals may occasionally assemble in small packs , for example, to scavenge
132-587: A varied topography. A Zoological park was also planned by the state government at the village. Kondapalli is an industrial suburb of Vijayawada . It has one of the largest industrial estates (industrial parks) in Andhra Pradesh , spread over 450 acres (1.8 km ) and supporting over 800 industrial enterprises. Second largest wagon workshop of Indian Railways is present in Rayanapadu (Guntupalli) about 3 km (1.9 mi) from Kondapalli. In addition to
154-416: Is located on Kazipet–Vijayawada section , administered under Vijayawada railway division of South Central Railway zone . NH 30 passes through the town, which connects Vijayawada with Uttarakhand . APSRTC operates city buses from Kondapalli to other places of the city. APSRTC City Bus Routes The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under
176-471: Is probably the ancestor of modern jackals. The paraphyletic nature of Canis with respect to Lycaon and Cuon has led to suggestions that the two African jackals should be assigned to different genera, Schaeffia for the side-striped jackal and Lupulella for the black-backed jackal or Lupulella for both. The intermediate size and shape of the Ethiopian wolf has at times led it to be regarded as
198-649: Is the African wolf ( C. lupaster ), which was once thought to be an African branch of the golden jackal. As they possess 78 chromosomes, all members of the genus Canis are karyologically indistinguishable from each other, and from the dhole and the African hunting dog. The two African jackals are shown to be the most basal members of this clade, indicating the clade's origin from Africa. Canis arnensis arrived in Mediterranean Europe 1.9 million years ago and
220-437: Is used to join pieces together, add details and finish the toys. The later step involves coloring with either oil and water-colours or vegetable dyes and enamel paints are applied based on the type of the toys. The artisans mainly work on producing figures of mythology, animals, birds, bullock carts, rural life etc., and the most notable one is Dasavataram , dancing dolls etc. The art form which has got patronage from
242-477: The Brahmanda Purana . They are said to have migrated from Rajasthan in the 16th century to Kondappali and claims their origin to Muktharishi, a sage endowed with skills in arts and crafts by Lord Shiva . The Kondapalli toys are made from soft wood known as Tella Poniki which are found in nearby Kondapalli Hills. Each part is carved out separately. Then makku- a paste of tamarind seed powder & sawdust
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#1733086259760264-407: The Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . Dr Narla Tata Rao Thermal Power Station , one of the major Thermal Power stations of the state is located in between Ibrahimpatnam and Kondapalli. It is home for many industries like Andhra Pradesh Heavy Machinery & Engineering Limited (APHMEL), BPCL , HPCL , IOC , Reliance Industries , Lanco Infratech are located here. Kondapalli Toys are very famous in
286-576: The School Education Department of the state. The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English and Telugu. Jackal Jackals are canids native to Africa and Eurasia . While the word "jackal" has historically been used for many canines of the subtribe canina , in modern use it most commonly refers to three species: the closely related black-backed jackal ( Lupulella mesomelas ) and side-striped jackal ( Lupulella adusta ) of Central and Southern Africa , and
308-475: The golden jackal ( Canis aureus ) of south-central Europe and Asia. The African golden wolf ( Canis lupaster ) was also formerly considered a jackal. While they do not form a monophyletic clade , all jackals are opportunistic omnivores, predators of small to medium-sized animals and proficient scavengers . Their long legs and curved canine teeth are adapted for hunting small mammals , birds, and reptiles , and their large feet and fused leg bones give them
330-535: The bride and bridegroom, toddy tapper , set of village craftsmen, as well as various animals. The papier mache swinging doll is a favourite with many. Kondapalli is home to the Kondapalli Reserve Forest one of the last remaining pristine forests in the Krishna district, spread over an area of 30,000 acres (120 km ). It is home to several leopards , wild dogs , jackals , wild boar , and wolves with
352-576: The genus has been changed from Thos to Canis . The wolf-like canids are a group of large carnivores that are genetically closely related. They all have 78 chromosomes . The group includes genus Canis , Cuon , and Lycaon . The members are the dog (C. lupus familiaris) , gray wolf ( C. lupus ), coyote ( C. latrans ), golden jackal ( C. aureus ), Ethiopian wolf ( C. simensis ), black-backed jackal ( C. mesomelas ), side-striped jackal ( C. adustus ), dhole ( Cuon alpinus ), and African wild dog ( Lycaon pictus ). The latest recognized member
374-406: The rest of Canis could justify a subdivision of that genus. In practice, Cabrera chose the undivided-genus alternative and referred to the jackals as Canis instead of Thos . Oken's Thos theory was revived in 1914 by Edmund Heller , who embraced the separate genus theory. Heller's names and the designations he gave to various jackal species and subspecies live on in current taxonomy, although
396-582: The ruins of former cities and other areas abandoned by humans. It is called "wild dog" in several translations of the Bible. In the King James Bible , Isaiah 13:21 refers to 'doleful creatures', which some commentators suggest are either jackals or hyenas . In the Indian Panchatantra stories, the jackal is mentioned as wily and wise. In Bengali tantrik tradition, they represent the goddess Kali . It
418-442: The rulers in ancient times is in decline due to lack of profits, time taking to produce toys, influence of western art and younger generations not encouraged towards this art. Lepakshi and Lanco Institute of General Humanitarian Trust took initiative to keep alive the art of crafting toys. Kondapalli Kondapalli (also known as Mustafanagar ) is an industrial and residential hub located in western part of Vijayawada in
440-594: The state. Kondapalli Fort , also known as Kondapalli Kota, is located towards west of Kondapalli. The closest locality to Kondapalli is Ibrahimpatnam. In 18th century, Kondapalli was known with the name, Mustafanagar . The village is known for Kondapalli Toys (Kondapalli bommalu). The toys are chiselled from local light softwoods ( Tella Poniki ) and painted with vegetable dyes, and vibrant enamel colours. They are made by local wooden and lay artisans. The most popular toys include Dasavatarams (ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu) elephants with Ambari, palanquin-bearers carrying
462-435: The third volume of his Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte (1815), to place these species into a new separate genus, Thos , named after the classical Greek word θώς "jackal", but his theory had little immediate impact on taxonomy at the time. Angel Cabrera , in his 1932 monograph on the mammals of Morocco , questioned whether or not the presence of a cingulum on the upper molars of the jackals and its corresponding absence in
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#1733086259760484-435: Was filed by LIGHT (LANCO Institute of General Humanitarian Trust) and Kondapalli Wooden Toys Manufacturers.These toys were one of the varieties of toys assembled in the houses during the festivals of Sankranti and Navratri and is referred as Bommala Koluvu . The art of crafting is a 400-year-old tradition. The artisans who make the toys are referred as Aryakhastriyas (also known as Nakarshalu), who have their mention in
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