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39-568: Kolsky District is bordered on the west by Pechengsky District , on the southwest by Finland , and on the north by the Barents Sea. The terrain is mostly flat forest (taiga) and rocky tundra. The district mostly covers the Tuloma River and the Kola River , which flow north into Kola Bay and the Barents Sea. The Tuloma River flows out of Lake Notozero , which in turn is fed from the southwest by

78-841: A city district of a city of federal subject significance . This kind of administrative division is equal in status to the towns of district significance and selsoviets , and is normally centered on an inhabited locality with urban-type settlement status. As of 2013, the following types of such entities are recognized: As of January 1, 2018, there were 57 urban-type settlements in Tajikistan . As of February 1, 2016, there were 76 urban-type settlements in Turkmenistan . As of January 1, 2011, 1,065 settlements have urban-type settlement status in Uzbekistan . Urban-type settlements existed in Armenia until

117-626: A popular tourist attraction, as it was the only port by the Barents Sea reachable by automobile. In the Winter War of 1939–1940, the Soviet Union briefly occupied Petsamo. In the following peace agreement , the Rybachy Peninsula, with the area of 321 square kilometers (124 sq mi), was the only part of Petsamo ceded to the Soviet Union, although the Soviets had occupied all of Petsamo during

156-410: A recreational potential with population of at least 2,000. In exceptional cases, administrative, economic and cultural centers with a potential of economical development and population growth can be classified as urban-type settlements. In modern Russia , the task of deciding whether an inhabited locality meets the criteria of urban-type settlements is delegated to the federal subjects . In most cases,

195-583: A single country. However, the criteria generally focus on the presence of urban infrastructure or resort facilities for urban residents. In the Soviet Union , the criteria of urban-type settlements were set independently by the Soviet republics. Those criteria, however, only differed very slightly from one republic to another. In the Russian SFSR , urban-type settlements were subdivided into three types: In 1981,

234-612: A state housing provided to no less than 2,000 inhabitants. The term was introduced in Ukraine in 1920s and became official since the resolution of the Central Executive Committee of Ukraine of October 28, 1925 replacing all towns (mistechko) as urban-type settlement. As of 2011, there were 256 urban-type settlements in Azerbaijan . According to a 1998 law of Belarus , there are three categories of urban-type settlement in

273-595: Is an administrative district ( raion ), one of the six in Murmansk Oblast , Russia . As a municipal division , it is incorporated as Pechengsky Municipal District . It is located in the northwest of the oblast , on the coast of the Barents Sea (by the Rybachy Peninsula , which is a part of the district) and borders Finland in the south and southwest and Norway in the west, northwest, and north. The area of

312-677: Is fished in the rivers of the district. Ore deposits include copper , nickel , and titanium . The area also produces construction materials. The local representative body is the Council of Deputies of Kolsky District. It has twenty members elected for a term of five years. The Head of the District is the highest executive post and is elected by the Council of Deputies. Pechengsky District Pechengsky District ( Russian : Пе́ченгский райо́н ; Finnish : Petsamo ; Norwegian : Peisen ; Northern Sami : Beahcán ; Skolt Sami : Peäccam )

351-787: The Paris Peace Treaty , the local Skolt Sami were given the choice of staying in Soviet Russia or moving to Finland. Most opted to re-settle in Finland, but some chose to stay in Russia. When Polyarny District was abolished on July 9, 1960, a part of its territory was transferred to Pechengsky District. On December 26, 1962, when the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR decreed

390-625: The Pechenga River into the Barents Sea , 135 kilometers (84 mi) west of modern Murmansk , by St. Tryphon , a monk from Novgorod . Inspired by the model of the Solovetsky Monastery , Tryphon wished to convert the local Skolt Sami population to Christianity and to demonstrate how faith could flourish in the most inhospitable lands. The area was resettled by the Pomors and other Russians . The present border between Norway and Russia

429-618: The Polish People's Republic from 1954 to 1972. Nowadays, Poland has cities, villages and settlements. Ukraine formerly used the urban-type settlement ( Ukrainian : селище міського типу, с.м.т.) system until 2023. In 1991 there were 921 urban-type settlements in Ukraine. On 24 October 2023 President Volodymyr Zelenskyy signed Law No. 8263 that abolished the concepts of "urban-type settlement" and " rural-type settlement " in Ukraine . The law came into an effect on January 26, 2024. The law

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468-577: The indigenous Sami people . The border between Norway and Russia was not defined in terms of land, instead the Treaty of Novgorod (1326) specified which indigenous, nomadic families had to pay their taxes to which government. In 1533, the settlement of the Pechenga Monastery was defined as part of Russia. The settlement of Pechenga was founded as the Pechenga Monastery in 1533 at the influx of

507-590: The 1990s. Currently, all of them have been converted into cities or villages. In Estonia, the urban-type settlements were created in 1945 during the Estonian SSR . In the 1990s most of them were transformed into cities. The urban-type settlements existed in Latvia from 1949 to 1993, when they were converted into cities and rural settlements. Lithuania formerly used the urban-type settlement ( Lithuanian : miesto tipo gyvenvietė , m.t.g. ) system until 1995. In Bulgaria,

546-455: The Decree by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR established the new structure of the districts of Murmansk Oblast, which classified Kolsky District as rural. However, this classification only lasted for less than two years. The November 21, 1964 Decree by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR restored the unified Soviets of People's Deputies and the executive committees of

585-736: The Murmansk Okrug Executive Committee developed a redistricting proposal, which was approved by the Resolution of the 4th Plenary Session of the Murmansk Okrug Committee of the VKP(b) on December 28-29, 1934 and by the Resolution of the Presidium of the Murmansk Okrug Executive Committee on February 2, 1935. According to this proposal, Kolsko-Loparsky District was to be abolished, with Kirovsky and Kolsky Districts to be established in its place. On February 15, 1935,

624-734: The Nota River and the Lutto (river) . It was established as Kolsko-Loparsky District ( Ко́льско-Лопа́рский райо́н ) on August 1, 1927, when the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) issued two Resolutions: "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast". According to these resolutions, Murmansk Governorate

663-607: The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union decreed the establishment of Pechengsky District with the administrative center in Nikel on the ceded territory and to include this district as a part of Murmansk Oblast. In 1947, Finland exchanged the remaining 169 square kilometers (65 sq mi) Rayakoski area, together with the Jäniskoski hydroelectric plant, for Soviet-confiscated German investments in Finland. Following

702-668: The Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR defined an urban-type settlement as follows: "To the category of an urban-type settlement may be included any settlement located near industrial enterprises, buildings, railroad connections, hydro-technical constructions, and enterprises in production and refining of agrarian products as well as settlements that include higher or middle occupation educational establishments, science-researching institutions, sanatoria , and other stationary treatment and recreation establishments that have

741-529: The VTsIK approved the redistricting of the okrug into seven districts, but did not specify what territories the new districts were to include. On February 26, 1935, the Presidium of the Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee worked out the details of the new district scheme and issued a resolution which established Kirovsky District on part of the territory of Kolsko-Loparsky District, including

780-680: The Winter War. In 1941, during World War II , Petsamo was used by Nazi Germany as a staging area for the offensive towards Murmansk . In 1944, the Red Army occupied Petsamo again, and this time Finland had to cede it to the Soviet Union as part of the Moscow Armistice signed on September 19, 1944 that halted fighting in the Continuation War . The total ceded area was 8,965 square kilometers (3,461 sq mi). On July 21, 1945,

819-512: The administrative center of the district, because Kola was not included into Murmansk as originally intended. On April 21, 1935, the territory of Ekostrovsky Selsoviet which remained in Kolsky District was re-organized as Imandrovsky Selsoviet by the Resolution of the Presidium of Murmansk Okrug Executive Committee. By the Act of the conciliatory committee on October 20, 1935, the selsoviet

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858-416: The area of Pechenga ( Petsamo Province ) to Finland. Deposits of nickel were found in 1921, after Petsamo became a part of Finland. In 1934, the deposits were estimated at over five million tonnes. Mining operations were started in 1935 by Canadian and French corporations. Construction of a road from Sodankylä through Ivalo to Liinakhamari started in 1916 and was completed in 1931. This made Petsamo

897-757: The country: As of 2014, there were 47 urban-type settlements in Georgia . Eight of them are located on the territory of the partially recognized states of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and are de facto not under the control of the Georgian government. As of 2019, there were 48 urban-type settlements in Kazakhstan . In accordance with the 2008 Law on Administrative and Territorial Subdivision of Kyrgyzstan , urban-type settlements are those that comprise economically significant facilities such as industrial plants, railway stations, construction sites, etc., as well as settlements with

936-404: The district is 8,662.22 square kilometers (3,344.50 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement ) of Nikel . Its population was 38,920 ( 2010 Census ) ; 46,404 ( 2002 Census ) ; 59,495 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . The population of Nikel accounts for 32.8% of the district's total population. The area was long inhabited by

975-563: The districts of Murmansk Oblast were re-categorized as regular districts again by the January ;12, 1965 Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR Decree. The district is important for its ice-free harbor , Liinakhamari , and the deposits of nickel . Urban-type settlement Urban-type settlement is an official designation for lesser urbanized settlements, used in several Central and Eastern European countries. The term

1014-420: The districts of Murmansk Oblast, which classified Pechengsky District as rural. However, this classification only lasted for less than two years. The November 21, 1964 Decree by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR restored the unified Soviets of People's Deputies and the executive committees of the krais and oblasts where the division into the urban and rural districts was introduced in 1962, and

1053-430: The federal subject's legislative body is responsible for all administrative and territorial changes, including granting and revoking of the urban-type settlement and town status. Apart from being used to refer to a type of inhabited locality , the term "urban-type settlement" and its variations is also used to refer to a division of an administrative district , and sometimes to a division administratively subordinated to

1092-463: The first urban-type settlements ( Bulgarian : селище от градски тип) were formed in 1964. In the 1990s they were transformed into villages and cities. The urban-type settlement system was used on the territory of Moldova since 1924. In the 1990s they were converted either into cities or rural settlements. The disputed and unrecognized Transnistria continues to use this system. The urban-type settlements ( Polish : osiedle typu miejskiego ) were used in

1131-600: The krais and oblasts where the division into the urban and rural districts was introduced in 1962, and the districts of Murmansk Oblast were re-categorized as regular districts again by the January 12, 1965 Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR Decree. By the August ;2, 1965 Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR Decree, the work settlement of Kola was granted a status of town under district jurisdiction . Kolsky District has many natural resources, including forests, ore deposits and water life. Atlantic salmon

1170-652: The northern part of Ekostrovsky Selsoviet remained in Kolsko-Loparsky District, which was renamed Kolsky. The administrative center of Kolsky District was slated to be moved to the station of Laplandiya , but temporarily remained in Kola. On June 1, 1936, the renaming of the district was approved by the Resolution of the VTsIK. The provisions of the February ;26, 1935 Resolution, however, were not fully implemented. The station of Laplandiya ultimately never became

1209-663: The post-Soviet republics ( Armenia , Moldova , and the three Baltic states ), they were changed in the early 1990s, while Ukraine followed suit in 2023. Today, this term is still used in the other nine post-Soviet republics – Azerbaijan , Belarus , Georgia , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Russia , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan . It is also used in Transnistria , an unrecognised breakaway state in Moldova. What counts as an urban-type settlement differs between time periods and countries and often between different divisions of

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1248-400: The reorganisation of the Soviets of People's Deputies and the executive committees of the krais, oblasts, and districts into the industrial and agricultural soviets, Murmansk Oblast was not affected and kept one unified Oblast Soviet and the executive committee. Nevertheless, on February 1, 1963, the Decree by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR established the new structure of

1287-420: The town of Kirovsk with the work settlement of Kukisvumchorr in its jurisdiction, Yena-Babinsky Selsoviet , and the southern part of Ekostrovsky Selsoviet with the station of Khibiny . Minkinsky Selsoviet of Kolsko-Loparsky District was transferred to Polyarny District , and Kildinsky Selsoviet —to Lovozersky District . Kolsky , Notozersky , Peyvo-Yarvinsky , and Pulozersky Selsoviets , as well as

1326-569: Was primarily used in the Soviet Union and later also for a short time in socialist Bulgaria and socialist Poland . It remains in use today in nine of the post-Soviet states . The designation was used in all 15 member republics of the Soviet Union from 1922. It was introduced later in Poland (1954) and Bulgaria (1964). All the urban-type settlements in Poland were transformed into other types of settlement (town or village) in 1972. In Bulgaria and five of

1365-611: Was settled in 1826, and the development of the area considerably accelerated in the late 19th century, when the monastery was re-established there. The harbor of Liinakhamari in Petsamo was important for the Russian economy during World War I as the Baltic Sea was blocked by the Germans. According to the 1920 Treaty of Tartu that followed Finnish occuрation of the region, Soviet Russia ceded

1404-505: Was transferred from Kolsky to Kirovsky District. The work settlement of Nagornovsky and its settlement soviet were transferred from Kolsky District to the administrative jurisdiction of Murmansk City Soviet by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR of August 5, 1953. When Polyarny District was abolished on July 9, 1960, a part of its territory

1443-402: Was transferred to Kirovsky District—a decision approved by the Presidium of Murmansk Okrug Executive Committee on December 4, 1935 and by the Presidium of Leningrad Oblast Executive Committee on April 5, 1936. On November 25, 1935, the Presidium of the VTsIK granted work settlement status to the inhabited locality of Moncha-Guba, and renamed it Monchegorsk . At the same time, it

1482-423: Was transferred to Kolsky District. On December 26, 1962, when the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR decreed to re-organize the Soviets of People's Deputies and the executive committees of the krais, oblasts, and districts into the industrial and agricultural soviets, Murmansk Oblast was not affected and kept one unified Oblast Soviet and the executive committee. Nevertheless, on February 1, 1963,

1521-405: Was transformed into Murmansk Okrug, which was divided into six districts (Kolsko-Loparsky being one of them) and included into Leningrad Oblast . The administrative center of the district was in the selo of Kola. Upon establishment, the territory of the former Kolsko-Loparskaya Volost and of Minkinsky Selsoviet of the former Alexandrovskaya Volost were included into the district. In 1934,

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