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42-579: Kojii Helnwein ( / ˈ k oʊ dʒ i ˈ h ɛ l ən w aɪ n / ; née   Wyatt ; born 8 January 1981) is an Irish actress, musician and model. Wyatt was born in Dublin , Ireland, the daughter of musician Enda Wyatt of Irish rock band An Emotional Fish . She was raised in Tallaght in south Dublin. She studied technical stage training and worked as a freelance stage manager for four years in Irish theatres and

84-577: A man's surname at birth that has subsequently been replaced or changed. The diacritic mark (the acute accent ) over the e is considered significant to its spelling, and ultimately its meaning, but is sometimes omitted. According to Oxford University 's Dictionary of Modern English Usage , the terms are typically placed after the current surname (e.g., " Margaret Thatcher , née Roberts" or " Bill Clinton , né Blythe"). Since they are terms adopted into English (from French), they do not have to be italicized , but they often are. In Polish tradition ,

126-611: A Parisian circus. In 2004, Kojii met her husband, fine-art photographer Cyril Helnwein when she posed for his "Ethereal" series. Cyril Helnwein is the eldest son of Austrian artist Gottfried Helnwein . On the winter solstice , 21 December 2005, their first daughter Croí Sequoia Helnwein was born. On 7 April 2011, she gave birth to their second daughter Éala Cheyenne. On 25 August 2013, she gave birth to their son Captain Solas Wyatt Helnwein. Kojii studied acting in Los Angeles at

168-565: A few. Helnwein appeared on Project Runway (Season 6) and the companion show Models of the Runway (Season 1). This show aired on Lifetime TV 20 August 2009. Kojii has also been regularly seen on RTÉ 's Off The Rails , Late Late Show , and Live at 3, and TV3's Ireland AM In 2006 Helnwein started touring with her band, also known as Kojii in Ireland. She sings, writes music and lyrics, and plays guitar. The same year she recorded and released

210-553: A first name, which is usually a word in Sanskrit or an indigenous Indian language, a middle name, which is the name of a child's father or spouse in case of a married lady followed by the surname which is usually the caste that the person's family belongs to, usually taken from the father or husband. However, diversity exists even here, for instance middle and last names from the traditionally matrilineal Nair community in Kerala are based on

252-545: A hyphen are counted as one name. A person named "Ulrika Britt-Inger Marie Fredriksson" has three first names and one last name, and this individual could choose to go by any of those three first names. Unlike the middle names in some English-speaking countries that are used as initials, the additional first names are usually either spelled out in full or fully omitted. Together with a person's personal identification number in Sweden , Denmark , Norway , or Iceland , only signing with

294-418: A self-titled album, Kojii . Birth name#Maiden and married names A birth name is the name given to a person upon birth. The term may be applied to the surname , the given name , or the entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered, the entire name entered onto a birth certificate or birth register may by that fact alone become the person's legal name . The assumption in

336-457: A single middle name for better organizational purposes, especially with Cantonese names, such as Bruce Lee 's middle name, Junfan. There are also some new immigrants whose Chinese given names are their first names followed by English middle names. The practice of taking English and Chinese given names is also common in Malaysia , Singapore , Hong Kong , and Taiwan . However, rather than placing

378-600: Is his name of address, Svartholm as his middle name and Warg as his last name, but in practice he uses Svartholm as a surname. Traditional middle names in Vietnamese are "Văn" for male names and "Thị" for female names. However, modern Vietnamese do not consider these to be attractive names, especially "Thị". Therefore, nowadays popular middle names also are popular first names. Middle names play an important role in Vietnamese full names; they could help create beautiful names when combined with first names, distinguishing people who have

420-669: Is rather unusual among English speakers is that of Jennifer 8. Lee , an American author. Lee was not given a middle name at birth so she chose "8" when she was a teenager, in a nod to her Chinese ancestry; in Chinese culture, the number eight symbolizes prosperity and good luck. In England and the United States, some who choose to be known primarily by their middle name abbreviate their first name as an initial , e.g. J(ohn) Edgar Hoover , J(ohn) Paul Getty , J(ulius) Robert Oppenheimer and F(rancis) Scott (Key) Fitzgerald . Others simply omit

462-464: Is the hào ( 号 ; 號 ; hào ; Japanese gō; Korean: ho; Vietnamese: hiệu), which usually referred to as the pseudonym. A hào was usually self-chosen and it was possible to have more than one. It had no connection with the bearer's míng or zì ; rather it was often a personal choice and may have reflected a personal belief or philosophy. Chinese adults may more frequently use the hào to refer to themselves. The zì or hào can be used independently of

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504-416: Is the feminine past participle of naître , which means "to be born". Né is the masculine form. The term née , having feminine grammatical gender , can be used to denote a woman's surname at birth that has been replaced or changed. In most English-speaking cultures, it is specifically applied to a woman's maiden name after her surname has changed due to marriage. The term né can be used to denote

546-546: Is used instead to honor close family friends or notable public figures. A rare case of an individual being given only an initial as a middle name, with the initial not explicitly standing for anything, was Harry S. Truman . (He once told reporters—apparently at odds with his own practice—that the S should thus not be followed by a period.) Other people with single-letter middle names include Robert B. Hollander Jr. and Mark M Davis . More than two given names are fairly common. In Britain, they are traditionally more common among

588-536: The United States , and the United Kingdom —the forename of a relative is sometimes used as one's middle name to honor familial heritage. Typical examples are a father named John William Smith whose son is named Thomas John Smith or a grandmother named Mary Grace Tilley whose granddaughter is named Ashley Mary Smith. In many cases in the United States, however, a person's middle name does not derive from relatives, but

630-507: The Western world is often that the name from birth (or perhaps from baptism or brit milah ) will persist to adulthood in the normal course of affairs—either throughout life or until marriage. Some reasons for changes of a person's name include middle names , diminutive forms, changes relating to parental status (due to one's parents' divorce or adoption by different parents), and gender transition . The French and English-adopted née

672-818: The Acting Center and at the Irish Film Academy in Ireland. Performances have included: Helnwein was engaged by Rebecca Morgan of Morgan the Agency in Ireland. After her first modelling job for John Rocha Helnwein began working full-time in print , runway , and commercial modelling. She has been seen in numerous magazines, including, Fit Pregnancy , Women's Wear Daily , Cosmopolitan , Elle , BPM , Prudence , Tatler and Vogue . She has appeared in adverts and catalogues for companies such as, O.P.I., Got2b, Louis Verdad, Ed Hardy, Coca-Cola, Toni and Guy and Gap . Helnwein appears in national advertisements in

714-560: The Chinese given name between the English given name and the family name, it is commonly placed after the family name in these places. Under such a system, Bruce Junfan Lee would have been Bruce Lee Junfan. This practice is consistent with both the Western convention of putting the given name before the family name and the Chinese convention of putting the given name after the family name. Among royalty and aristocracy, middle names have been used since

756-546: The Name Act of 1963, later called tilläggsnamn (added name), and then mellannamn (middle name) in the Name Act of 1983, the Name act of 2017 removed the term entirely. Existing last-name middle names may still be used, but can no longer be added. Occasionally, Scandinavians choose to use their middle name as their surname in everyday life. So Per Gottfrid Svartholm Warg has Per and Gottfrid as his given names, where Gottfrid, not Per,

798-508: The Scandinavian countries do not call given names middle names. While extra first names often are referred to as middle names in everyday language, the laws in those countries do not reflect that and consider all of them first names. A person can have multiple first names, but usually, only one of them is used in addressing the person. A passport contains all names, but all except the surname are listed as first/given names. Names combined with

840-652: The U.K., many politicians, including several prime ministers, have been known primarily by their middle name, or one of their middle names. The ten prime ministers to have done so are (Andrew) Bonar Law , (James) Ramsay MacDonald , (Arthur) Neville Chamberlain , (Robert) Anthony Eden , (Maurice) Harold Macmillan , (James) Harold Wilson , (Leonard) James Callaghan , (James) Gordon Brown , (Alexander) Boris (de Pfeffel) Johnson , and (Mary Elizabeth) Liz Truss . Traditional names in India vary regionally due to its ethnic and religious diversity. Modern Hindu names across India adopt

882-440: The United States for clients such as Target , Mitsubishi , Comcast , Marshalls and in Ireland for clients such as O2 , Pigsback and TV3 . She has also become known in Ireland for a long-standing appearance in a TV3 ident where she is featured singing the networks jingle. Helnwein's runway clients have included Prada , Jimmy Choo , Jeffrey Sebelia , Eduardo Lucero , A-Wear, Smet, GenArt and Whitley Kros to name just

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924-664: The United States, the middle name is often abbreviated to the middle initial (e.g. Mary Lee Bianchi becomes Mary L. Bianchi). This is usually standard for signatures or omitted entirely in everyday use (e.g. just Mary Bianchi). An individual may have more than one middle name, or none. In the United Kingdom, for comparison, she would usually be referred to as either Mary Bianchi, M. L. Bianchi, or Mary Lee Bianchi, or she may choose Lee Bianchi, and informally there may be familiar shortenings. In countries that primarily speak English—such as Australia , Canada , Ireland , New Zealand ,

966-399: The age of maturity at 20 years old. This name is intended for use in formal situations and formal writing and confers a status of adulthood and respect. Like the ming , the zì is composed of two characters which usually reflect the meaning of the ming . Prior to the 20th century, sinicized Koreans, Vietnamese, and Japanese were also referred to by their zì . An alternative courtesy name

1008-412: The bearers of a name thus inspired parsed it themselves (either as part of a compound surname or as a middle name). The abbreviation "N.M.N." (no middle name) or "N.M.I." (no middle initial), with or without periods, is sometimes used in formal documents in the United States, where a middle initial or name is expected but the person does not have one. Rarely a person may adopt a middle initial to overcome

1050-458: The de facto given name is the last character of a person's full name. Even if that was the case most of the time, sometimes the person's given name is the middle character and not the last. A three-character name is both patriarchal and hierarchical, as it would inform of a person's belonging and rank within a family. During the One-child Policy , there was no need for a generation name as there

1092-454: The first name in regular usage, treating their middle name like a first name, e.g. (Thomas) Woodrow Wilson . Many politicians use their middle name or its shortened version as a first name—for example, (Addison) Mitch(ell) McConnell , (Willard) Mitt Romney , (Thomas) Jon(athan) Ossoff , (Raymond) Jon Tester , (Rafael Edward) Ted Cruz and (Marion Michael) Mike Rounds are all sitting U.S. senators who use their middle names as first names. In

1134-429: The given name and before the surname, and thus called middle names. Traditionally, Chinese names consisted of three characters—the surname, followed by a two-character given name ( ming ), which is not separated into a first and middle name in usage. Two-character given names follow a naming tradition in which the first character of the given name (and thus the second character in the three-character full name) indicates

1176-490: The given name and of each other, but the given name is almost always used with the family name in official situations. Some Chinese Americans move their Chinese given name ( transliterated into the Latin alphabet ) to the middle name position and use an English first name, e.g. James Chu-yu Soong , Jerry Chih-Yuan Yang , and Michelle Wingshan Kwan . The Chinese given name usually has two characters which are usually combined into

1218-508: The last name of the name bearer. A middle name could be one's mother's maiden name or the last name of another recent ancestor (for instance a grandparent). In the example Carl Viggo Manthey Lange , the names Carl and Viggo are given names, while Manthey is a middle name and Lange is the family name. Manthey is his mother's maiden name. Unless his full name is used, he is correctly referred to as Mr. Lange, not as Mr. Manthey Lange. In Sweden , however, although middle names were introduced in

1260-529: The late 17th century (and possibly earlier), as exemplified in the name of the Stuart pretender James Francis Edward Stuart (1688–1766). Despite their relatively long existence in North America, the term middle name was not recorded until 1835, in the periodical Harvardiana . Not every name that stands as the middle word in a three-name string is a middle name. Major classes of this theme are as follows: In

1302-460: The middle name Singh or Kaur which mean lion and princess respectively. This is followed by their Punjabi caste surname. Nowadays, many Sikhs have done away with their caste surname and have just kept Singh or Kaur as their surname. Among Indian Muslims , similar naming conventions to Hindus and Sikhs are followed, but the names are usually in Arabic , Persian or Urdu . Middle names constitute

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1344-528: The middle name. Traditionally the Dalit population of India were excluded from India's caste system and do not have a middle name and a caste surname. The same is true for people who have given up their caste identity, whose name just includes the person's first name followed by their father's name. Sometimes, the place of birth of an individual is included as their middle name. Among the Sikhs of India, many have adopted

1386-529: The mother's family. For example, in the case of the well-known statesman, VK Krishna Menon , his first name would be Krishna, the V stands for Vengyalil, which is a well known aristocratic Nair family from Kerala that Krishna's mother belonged to, the K stands for Krishnan, his father's name and the surname is Menon , one of the Nair subcastes. In modern times, this name would perhaps be styled as Krishna Vengyalil Krishnan Menon, in that order, Vengyalil Krishnan being

1428-425: The mother's maiden surname; is inserted between the given name and the surname (father's surname) and almost always abbreviated signifying that it is a "middle name". For example; given the name Jose Patricio Santos. This is usually abbreviated to Jose P. Santos. The abbreviated "P" signifies it is the maternal maiden surname. If a person has two given names, Jonathan Jose P. Santos, the abbreviated "P" will represent

1470-399: The mother's surname. The given name would therefore be Jonathan Jose. The second name "Jose" is never classified as a middle name. There have been a few documented exceptions, such as Benigno S. Aquino III , Jose P. Laurel , and Manuel L. Quezon , whose Western-style middle initials actually stand for their second given names Simeon, Paciano, and Luis respectively. The naming conventions of

1512-485: The name of address and the last name is usually sufficient for almost all legal documents. A person can change the name they go by to one of the other already given names without applying for a name change. It is possible to apply to have the order swapped if desired, as the first of the first names will be assumed to be the name of address. In Denmark , Norway , and Sweden , the legal term middle name refers most often to names that were originally surnames, but not part of

1554-516: The person's generation in his/her family. For example, the Yongzheng Emperor of the Qing dynasty has the given name Yinzhen (胤禛) while his brothers' names all begin with the character "Yin" (胤). His sons' and nephews' given names all begin with the character Hong (弘). Traditionally, the list of generational names may be decided many generations in advance by the ancestors. In such naming systems,

1596-462: The problems imposed by systems whose design failed to properly handle the absence of one, or to ensure uniqueness. For example, screenwriter David X. Cohen was born David Samuel Cohen, but adopted the middle initial "X" when he joined the Writers Guild of America , as there was already a member named David S. Cohen, and the union forbid multiple writers from using the same name. A middle name that

1638-430: The term z domu (literally meaning "of the house", de domo in Latin ) may be used, with rare exceptions, meaning the same as née . Middle name A person may be given a middle name regardless of whether it is necessary to distinguish them from other people with the same given name and surname. In cultures where a given name is expected to precede the surname, additional names are likely to be placed after

1680-517: The upper and middle classes. There is a minor tradition in English-speaking countries whereby maiden names from the family tree that are especially celebrated by the family are carried into succeeding generations as middle names or as given names, whereas the tradition of married names would otherwise obliterate them. For example, this is how the first name of Johns Hopkins came to have the terminal -s that differentiates it from John ; Johns

1722-519: Was only one child in each generation. Many names in Mainland China were shortened to two-characters during this time, and there are many adults with shorter names remnant from this era. This would not be found in Taiwan or Hong Kong. A fading Chinese tradition is to use a courtesy name , called zì (字) in place of a male's given name in adulthood. Traditionally zì is given by one's father upon reaching

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1764-427: Was the surname of some of his ancestors. It is also how Robert Strange McNamara got his middle name (it was his mother's maiden name). There is some overlap between open-compound surnames and maiden-names-as-middle-names; in various cases the same motivation (preserving maiden names from oblivion) has produced both such kinds of names, and there are instances from the nineteenth century that are ambiguous today as to how

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