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22-434: [REDACTED] Media related to Kockelscheuer at Wikimedia Commons 49°34′N 6°07′E  /  49.567°N 6.117°E  / 49.567; 6.117 This article related to the geography of Esch-sur-Alzette canton is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Esch-sur-Alzette (canton) Esch-sur-Alzette ( Luxembourgish : Esch-Uelzecht ) is a canton in southwestern Luxembourg . It

44-505: A "Constitution of the Estates" created an Assembly of Estates, consisting of 34 Deputies. Its powers were highly restricted: it could not take decisions and exercised a purely consultative role alongside the sovereign. Very few matters required its approval, and only the Grand Duke could propose laws. The Assembly only sat for 15 days a year, and these sessions were held in secret. The Assembly

66-472: A consular decree of 6 March 1802. The number of cantons in the Forêts department was reduced from 37 to 27 and, in the place of Bascharage canton, a canton of Bettembourg was created. However, this did not have the same borders as its predecessor, as it lost its western part, which went to the neighbouring canton of Messancy . The boundary between the cantons of Bettembourg and Messancy passes between Differdange (in

88-478: A new Constitution for Luxembourg. This introduced a constitutional monarchy, and gave the legislature, now called the Chamber of Deputies , enhanced powers. It was now able to propose and amend laws, vote on the budget, and launch inquiries. The government became accountable to the legislature, whose sessions were now held publicly. The period of 1856-1868 was an interlude, and saw a brief return to authoritarianism. In

110-440: Is both the second most populous and second most densely populated canton after the canton of Luxembourg . It borders Belgium & France . Like the other cantons of Luxembourg, the canton of Esch dates back to 31 August 1795. However, it was created under the name of the canton of Soleuvre . This term was of short duration since, already on 22 October 1796, a new decree renamed it the canton of Bascharage. Bascharage canton

132-631: The Luxembourg Coup of 1856 , the King-Grand Duke William III replaced the liberal constitution of 1848 with a new one: the legislature was renamed the "Assembly of Estates", retaining its legislative powers, but the Grand Duke was not required to approve and promulgate its laws within a specific timeframe. Taxes no longer required annual approval, and the permanent budget was re-introduced. This state of affairs lasted until 1868. After Luxembourg had been declared independent and neutral in

154-570: The province of Luxembourg . The remaining, German-speaking part of Luxembourg became the Grand-Duchy of today, and remained under the Dutch King. The Treaty affirmed Luxembourg as an independent and sovereign state, and this "rump" Luxembourg was now geographically separated from the Netherlands. Luxembourg therefore needed its own government institutions. The Grand-Ducal decree of 12 October 1841 on

176-513: The administration of the Grand-Duchy — before its third partition — was carried out by Belgium, except for the city and federal fortress of Luxembourg, with its Prussian garrison. Under the French and Dutch administration, there had been a district of Luxembourg, whose commissioner naturally resided in Luxembourg City. In order to administer this district, apart from Luxembourg City itself, the seat of

198-597: The canton of Messancy), and Belvaux (in the canton of Bettembourg). Twelve years later came the end of Napoleon's Empire, the end of the Forêts department, and Luxembourg's de facto incorporation into the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The Dutch administration maintained the French administrative divisions, except for renaming arrondissements to districts. After the Belgian Revolution of 1830 , this system ended and for nine years,

220-525: The canton's centre Esch, they should be carved off and organised into their own new canton of Bascharage. The petition was not taken into consideration by the Assembly. Since then, the canton of Esch has seen several internal changes. Since 1847, the inhabitants of Leudelange had not ceased to demand their separation from the commune of Reckange, and to be organised into a distinct commune. As justification they invoked Reckange's distance of more than 6 km,

242-449: The canton's centre. The originator of this bill was the notary Graas, from Bettembourg. Four communes of the canton supported it, while seven opposed it. The government was also against it, and the bill failed. In 1860, the mayors of Clemency, Dippach, Bascharage, Pétange, Sanem and Differdange addressed a petition to the Assembly of Estates , demanding that due to their great distance from

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264-725: The commissioner, an agent of the Belgian government, had been transferred to Bettembourg. This village of 740 habitants was now the administrative centre of the district. The notary Philippe Hanno, a Luxembourg native, was named district commissioner with residence in Bettembourg. In the night of 15 February 1834, the Prussian general du Moulin, commandant of the Fortress of Luxembourg, had Hanno captured in Bettembourg and imprisoned in Luxembourg. It required

286-559: The fact that Leudelange was already a parish and that, until 1821, there had been a commune of Leudelange. At the session of the Estates of 15 February 1856, this was approved by 33 votes to 3. Then, in 1862, in a petition to the Estates, the commune of Leudelange demanded to be detached from the canton of Esch to be added to that of Luxembourg.   Esch-sur-Alzette Canton consists of the following fourteen communes : Assembly of Estates The Assembly of Estates ( French : Assemblée des États , German : Ständeversammlung )

308-476: The intervention of France and the United Kingdom before Hanno was released. The Treaty of London of 1839 divided Luxembourg, and in doing so, also partitioned the border cantons, from Troisvierges to Pétange. The neighbour of the canton of Esch was that of Messancy, whose territory mostly passed to Belgium. The rest, that is the communes of Pétange and Differdange, was added to the canton of Bettembourg. At

330-586: The population was entitled to vote, and around 30 notables per canton then chose the Deputies. The Assembly therefore consisted mostly of large-scale landowners. Deputies were elected for renewable terms of 6 years, and every 3 years, half of the Assembly was up for (re-)election. Under the influence of the revolutionary democratic movements in France and the rest of Europe in 1848, the Constituent Assembly wrote

352-519: The same time, however, Bettembourg canton lost the commune of Dippach to the canton of Capellen, and the commune of Weiler-la-Tour to Luxembourg canton. With 13,116 inhabitants, the canton of Bettembourg was second to that of Luxembourg, with 27,891 inhabitants. Bettembourg was an agricultural canton. Minette ore was still unknown. Alluvial ore was scraped and washed in Bascharage, Pétange, Differdange, Esch, Kayl and Bettembourg. In terms of factories, there

374-422: Was composed of Deputies who were elected in the cantons by Electors in electoral colleges. These Electors in turn were chosen by those with the right to vote. To be able to vote, one had to be a Luxembourgish citizen, over 25 years of age, and to pay 10 guilders in taxes. Becoming an Elector was subject to similar conditions, but was open only to those paying more than 20 guilders in taxes. This meant that only 3% of

396-461: Was less spread-out than the current canton of Esch since Leudelange, Pontpierre, Bettembourg and Dudelange belonged to the canton of Hesperange, created to the south of the capital. Bascharage canton, on the other hand, included Marner, which is now in Capellen canton . Subsequently, there was a new disruption of the cantonal borders, which were at the same time administrative and judicial divisions, after

418-410: Was only the blast furnace of Lasauvage. There were no cities. Esch, which would later become a city, had at this time only 1,400 inhabitants. In Esch, there were two tanneries. After an administrative reorganisation, necessitated by the partition, a decree of 12 October 1842 transferred the justice of the peace, and therefore the administrative centre of the canton, from Bettembourg to Esch. The reason

440-465: Was represented in the Dutch States General from 1816. In the Belgian Revolution of 1830, the southern provinces of the Netherlands split off to become the Kingdom of Belgium ; many Luxembourgers wished to become part of this new Belgian state as well. In the 1839 Treaty of London , however, a compromise was found: the large, mostly French-speaking part of Luxembourg became part of Belgium, as

462-449: Was that, due to the additions to the west and the territorial losses in the east mentioned above, the canton's centre had moved to the west, and now, more than ever, Bettembourg was on the periphery. However, the question of its administrative centre came up again when, in 1849, the Chamber of Deputies, considered a bill to re-establish the justice of the peace in Bettembourg, and therefore

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484-589: Was the legislature of Luxembourg from 1841 to 1848, and again from 1856 to 1868. The Congress of Vienna awarded the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg to the King of the Netherlands in personal union , as his private property, though it also became part of the German Confederation . King William I therefore became King-Grand Duke . However, he administered Luxembourg essentially as part of the Netherlands, and Luxembourg

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