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73-532: An established discipline since 1991, KM includes courses taught in the fields of business administration , information systems , management, library , and information science . Other fields may contribute to KM research, including information and media, computer science , public health and public policy . Several universities offer dedicated master's degrees in knowledge management. Many large companies, public institutions, and non-profit organisations have resources dedicated to internal KM efforts, often as

146-536: A Social science Linguistics listed in Social science Also regarded as a Social science Also listed in Applied science Also regarded as the separate, an entry at the highest level of the hierarchy Also regarded as a social science Main articles: Outline of futures studies and Futures studies Also regarded as a formal science Also a branch of electrical engineering Also regarded as

219-407: A system outside a human individual (e.g., an information system may have knowledge embedded into its design) from embodied knowledge representing a learned capability of a human body's nervous and endocrine systems . A third proposed framework distinguishes between the exploratory creation of "new knowledge" (i.e., innovation) vs. the transfer or exploitation of "established knowledge" within

292-672: A branch in Dawson City . Wood, Gundy & Company , the precursor of CIBC's investment banking arm, opened its doors on February 1, 1905. During World War I, it took a prominent and active role in the organization of Victory Loans. Acquisitions in the 1920s caused the Commerce Bank to become one of the strongest branch networks in Canada with over 700 local branches; and the bank opened international branches in Cuba, Jamaica, Barbados and Trinidad during

365-492: A cycle in which implicit knowledge is 'extracted' to become explicit knowledge, and explicit knowledge is 're-internalised' into implicit knowledge. Hayes and Walsham (2003) describe knowledge and knowledge management as two different perspectives. The content perspective suggests that knowledge is easily stored; because it may be codified, while the relational perspective recognises the contextual and relational aspects of knowledge which can make knowledge difficult to share outside

438-455: A greater focus on the management of knowledge as a strategic asset and on encouraging the sharing of knowledge . KM is an enabler of organizational learning. The most complex scenario for knowledge management may be found in the context of supply chain as it involves multiple companies without an ownership relationship or hierarchy between them, being called by some authors as transorganizational or interorganizational knowledge. That complexity

511-701: A group, organisation, or community. Collaborative environments such as communities of practice or the use of social computing tools can be used for both knowledge creation and transfer. Knowledge may be accessed at three stages: before, during, or after KM-related activities. Organisations have tried knowledge capture incentives , including making content submission mandatory and incorporating rewards into performance measurement plans. Considerable controversy exists over whether such incentives work and no consensus has emerged. One strategy to KM involves actively managing knowledge (push strategy). In such an instance, individuals strive to explicitly encode their knowledge into

584-437: A knowledge audit allows organizations to gain a deeper understanding of their knowledge assets. This includes identifying and defining these assets, understanding their behavior and properties, and describing how, when, why, and where they are used in business processes. Knowledge protection refers to behaviors and actions taken to protect the knowledge from unwanted opportunistic behavior for example appropriation or imitation of

657-449: A knowledge audit is to identify the organization's knowledge strengths and gaps, and to develop strategies for leveraging knowledge to improve performance and competitiveness. Knowledge audit helps ensure that an organization's knowledge management activities are heading in the right direction. It also reduces the making of incorrect decisions. Term knowledge audit is often used interchangeably with information audit, although information audit

730-445: A nuanced understanding of the trade-off's involved and the context in which knowledge is shared or protected. Protecting knowledge cannot be considered without its risks. Here are listed four of the major risks associated with knowledge protection: List of academic disciplines An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of knowledge , taught and researched as part of higher education . A scholar's discipline

803-500: A part of their business strategy , IT , or human resource management departments. Several consulting companies provide advice regarding KM to these organizations. Knowledge management efforts typically focus on organisational objectives such as improved performance, competitive advantage , innovation , the sharing of lessons learned , integration, and continuous improvement of the organisation. These efforts overlap with organizational learning and may be distinguished from that by

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876-591: A personal loans department. Following World War II, both banks opened new branches. Although the banks had been barred from the mortgage business in 1871, the Canadian government now called upon them to provide mortgage services. So, in 1954, Canadian banks started offering mortgages for new construction. The origins of the Imperial–Commerce merger lay in the actions of Barclays Bank . Barclays began operating in Canada in 1929, but in 1956 sold its Canadian operations to

949-526: A potential rival for the CEO post. Denham was reportedly a close ally of Hunkin and Kassie, and McCaughey wanted to build his own senior executive team. Current executive team: Current members of the board of directors : As a founding partner of the Toronto Blue Jays baseball club, CIBC was the team's official bank until selling its ownership stake in 2000. Other sporting events sponsored by CIBC include

1022-682: A public share issue. Between 1993 and 1996, the bank restructured its holdings in the Caribbean, with the incorporation of CIBC West Indies Holdings Limited and CIBC Caribbean Limited. CIBC West Indies Holdings then sold 30% of its shares to the public. In 1997, CIBC issued 5 million shares in CIBC Bahamas Limited to the public. On October 31, 2001, Barclays and CIBC agreed to combine their Caribbean operations to establish FirstCaribbean International Bank. CIBC bought Barclays' stake in 2006 to give it control of approximately 92% of FirstCaribbean, which

1095-548: A sale. In February, 2010 CIBC became the first chartered bank in Canada to launch a mobile banking iPhone App. It surpassed 100,000 downloads in just over one month following launch, with over 1 million client logins to CIBC Mobile Banking since its introduction. Four months later, the bank announced it signed a deal to buy a CA$ 2.1-billion credit card portfolio from Citigroup 's Citibank Canada MasterCard business. Finally in October of that year, CIBC announced that it would be

1168-437: A shared knowledge repository, such as a database , as well as retrieving knowledge they need that other individuals have provided (codification). Another strategy involves individuals making knowledge requests of experts associated with a particular subject on an ad hoc basis (pull strategy). In such an instance, expert individual(s) provide insights to requestor (personalisation). When talking about strategic knowledge management,

1241-535: A social science Also listed in Humanities Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce ( CIBC ; French : Banque canadienne impériale de commerce ) is a Canadian multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered at CIBC Square in the Financial District of Toronto , Ontario . The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce

1314-447: A specification for 'organizational knowledge' as a complementary aspect of quality management within an organisation. KM emerged as a scientific discipline in the early 1990s. It was initially supported by individual practitioners, when Skandia hired Leif Edvinsson of Sweden as the world's first chief knowledge officer (CKO). Hubert Saint-Onge (formerly of CIBC , Canada), started investigating KM long before that. The objective of CKOs

1387-480: A third category is introduced, semi-formal protection, which includes contracts and trade-secrets.  These semi-formal methods are also usually placed under formal methods. Organizations often use a combination of formal and informal knowledge protection methods to achieve comprehensive protection of their knowledge assets. The formal and informal knowledge protection mechanisms are different in nature, and they have their benefits and drawbacks. In many organizations,

1460-483: Is a significant aspect of content or document management systems, most of which have tools for developing enterprise portals. Proprietary KM technology products such as HCL Notes (Previously Lotus Notes) defined proprietary formats for email, documents, forms, etc. The Internet drove most vendors to adopt Internet formats. Open-source and freeware tools for the creation of blogs and wikis now enable capabilities that used to require expensive commercial tools. KM

1533-444: Is additionally increased by industry 4.0 (or 4th industrial revolution ) and digital transformation , as new challenges emerge from both the volume and speed of information flows and knowledge generation. Knowledge management efforts have a long history, including on-the-job discussions, formal apprenticeship , discussion forums , corporate libraries, professional training, and mentoring programs. With increased use of computers in

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1606-549: Is commonly defined by the university faculties and learned societies to which they belong and the academic journals in which they publish research . Disciplines vary between well-established ones in almost all universities with well-defined rosters of journals and conferences and nascent ones supported by only a few universities and publications. A discipline may have branches, which are often called sub-disciplines. The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to academic disciplines. In each case, an entry at

1679-533: Is document-centered strategy, where knowledge is mainly codified as "people-to-document" method. Codification relies on information infrastructure, where explicit knowledge is carefully codified and stored. Codification focuses on collecting and storing codified knowledge in electronic databases to make it accessible. Codification can therefore refer to both tacit and explicit knowledge. In contrast, personalisation encourages individuals to share their knowledge directly. Personification means human-oriented KM strategy where

1752-558: Is driving the adoption of tools that enable organisations to work at the semantic level, as part of the Semantic Web . Some commentators have argued that after many years the Semantic Web has failed to see widespread adoption, while other commentators have argued that it has been a success. Just like knowledge transfer and knowledge sharing, the term "knowledge barriers" is not a uniformly defined term and differs in its meaning depending on

1825-602: Is part of knowledge management. It helps convert tacit form of knowledge into an explicit form. It is a complex process which aims to reduce the knowledge loss in the organization. Knowledge retention is needed when expert knowledge workers leave the organization after a long career. Retaining knowledge prevents losing intellectual capital. According to DeLong(2004) knowledge retention strategies are divided into four main categories: Knowledge retention projects are usually introduced in three stages: decision making, planning and implementation. There are differences among researchers on

1898-432: Is slightly narrower in scope. The requirement and significance of a knowledge audit can vary widely among different industries and companies. For instance, within the software development industry, knowledge audits can play a pivotal role due to the inherently knowledge-intensive nature of the work. This contrasts with sectors like manufacturing, where physical assets often take more important role. The difference arises from

1971-499: Is to manage and maximise the intangible assets of their organizations. Gradually, CKOs became interested in practical and theoretical aspects of KM, and the new research field was formed. The KM idea has been taken up by academics, such as Ikujiro Nonaka ( Hitotsubashi University ), Hirotaka Takeuchi (Hitotsubashi University), Thomas H. Davenport ( Babson College ) and Baruch Lev ( New York University ). In 2001, Thomas A. Stewart , former editor at Fortune magazine and subsequently

2044-666: The perspective . KM perspectives include: The practical relevance of academic research in KM has been questioned with action research suggested as having more relevance and the need to translate the findings presented in academic journals to a practice. Different frameworks for distinguishing between different 'types of' knowledge exist. One proposed framework for categorising the dimensions of knowledge distinguishes tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge . Tacit knowledge represents internalised knowledge that an individual may not be consciously aware of, such as to accomplish particular tasks. At

2117-669: The Bank of Montreal with the Royal Bank of Canada – as not in the best interest of Canadians. In 2000, CIBC signed an agreement with the New York-based Aplettix Inc., a firm specializing in secure transaction systems in the banking sector; although the partnership was later abandoned for alternatives such as VeriSign. The early 2000s saw the bank divest from its real estate and investments outside of its business strategy. In 2000, CIBC sold its 10 per cent stake to Rogers Media . CIBC

2190-680: The Bank of Montreal ; by 1874 it had 24 branches. The Imperial Bank of Canada opened in Toronto on March 18, 1875, founded by former Commerce Vice-president Henry Stark Howland . By the end of 1895, the Canadian Bank of Commerce had grown to 58 branches and the Imperial Bank of Canada to 18. The 1896 gold strike in the Yukon prompted the Dominion Government to ask the Canadian Bank of Commerce to open

2263-591: The United States , the Caribbean , Asia , and United Kingdom . Globally, CIBC serves more than eleven million clients, and has over 40,000 employees. The company ranks at number 172 on the Forbes Global 2000 listing. CIBC's Institution Number (or bank number) is 010, and its SWIFT code is CIBCCATT. William McMaster founded the Canadian Bank of Commerce which opened on May 15, 1867, in Toronto as competition for

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2336-405: The 57-storey building was the tallest in Canada, and the largest stainless-steel-clad building in the world. Changes to federal and provincial regulations ending the separation of banks, investment dealers, trust companies and insurance companies came in 1987. CIBC quickly took advantage of this and became the first Canadian bank to operate an investment dealer, CIBC Securities, offering services to

2409-508: The ATM. Following the merger, the new bank commissioned a new head office. While planning to retain Commerce Court North, the bank hired architect I. M. Pei to design a three-building complex. The result was Commerce Court consisting of a landscaped courtyard complementing the existing building and included the newly built 786 ft (240 m) Commerce Court West. When completed in 1973,

2482-1175: The Bay Park Centre under development by Hines Interests Limited Partnership and Ivanhoé Cambridge . Under the terms of its lease, the complex became CIBC Square . CIBC Square formally became CIBC's principal office and headquarters on 1 November 2021. In November 2018, CBC reported that CIBC was among the top brands used in phishing attacks, with the bank seeing a surge in fake mail attempts that prior quarter by 600%. Bank of Canada (1858, charter dormant, acquired in 1867) Gore Bank (1870) Bank of British Columbia (1901) Halifax Banking Company (1903) Merchants Bank of Prince Edward Island (1906) Eastern Townships Bank (1912) Bank of Hamilton (1924) Standard Bank of Canada (1928) Niagara District Bank (1875) Weyburn Security Bank (1931) Barclays Bank (Canada) (1956) Wood Gundy (1988) President's Choice Financial (1998; Simplii Financial from 2017) FirstCaribbean International Bank (2006) Atlantic Trust (2013) Privatebancorp (2016, later renamed CIBC Bank USA ) In 1920, Canadian Bank of Commerce established its first branches in

2555-622: The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce with over 1,200 branches across Canada. The new bank possessed the greatest resources and the most branches of any bank in the country. In 1964, the bank operated a floating branch using the passenger vessel MV Jean Brilliant along the north shore of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec , billed as the only floating branch in Canada for 5000 customers. In 1967, both Canada and CIBC celebrated their centenaries and CIBC

2628-500: The Imperial Bank. Barclays took payment partly in the form of Imperial stock. In 1960, without informing Imperial's board, Barclays began buying additional Imperial stock on the open market. L. Stuart Mackersy , chairman of Imperial, believed Barclays was making a play to take over Imperial. Mackersy thought that a takeover of a small bank such as Imperial was inevitable, but preferred to work with domestic rather than British concerns. In October 1960, Mackersy approached Neil J. McKinnon ,

2701-1038: The West Indies in Bridgetown , Barbados and in Kingston, Jamaica . The same year it also opened branches in Port of Spain , Trinidad and Havana , Cuba . Its first branch in Mexico City opened in 1910. In 1957, the bank opened a branch in Nassau , the Bahamas , and in the subsequent years expanded its operations in Jamaica. Between 1963 and 1988, the bank expanded its branch network in Barbados opened branches in St. Vincent , Antigua , and St Lucia . In 1988, CIBC sold 45% of its shares in CIBC Jamaica via

2774-583: The author. Knowledge barriers can be associated with high costs for both companies and individuals. Knowledge barriers appear to have been used from at least three different perspectives in the literature: 1) Missing knowledge about something as a result of barriers for the share or transfer of knowledge. 2) Insufficient knowledge based on the amount of education in a certain field or issue. 3) A unique individual or group of humans' perceptual system lacks adequate contact points or does not fit incoming information to use and transform it to knowledge. Knowledge retention

2847-405: The challenge is to find a good mix of measures that works for the organization. Formal knowledge protection practices can take various forms, such as legal instruments or formal procedures and structures, to control which knowledge is shared and which is protected. Formal knowledge protection methods include for example: patents, trademarks, copyrights and licensing. Technical solutions to protect

2920-466: The company saw a competition between Wood Gundy (now CIBC World Markets) chief John S. Hunkin and Personal/Commercial banking head Holger Kluge, with Kluge retiring after Hunkin became chairman. In February 2004, Hunkin forced his friend and heir-apparent, David Kassie, to resign as chairman and CEO of World Markets after several scandals in the US. Both men had waived their bonuses in 2002 after that year produced

2993-602: The division CIBC FirstCaribbean International Bank in 2011. On February 12, 2009, the Trinidad and Tobago Express reported that CIBC was pursuing discussions to buy CL Financial 's stake in the Republic Bank of Trinidad and Tobago . As part of a "bail out" agreement of CL Financial by the government of Trinidad and Tobago during the 2007–2008 financial crisis , the corporation was required to sell Republic and other assets. As of February 2011, CL Financial had yet to agree to

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3066-482: The editor of Harvard Business Review , published a cover story highlighting the importance of intellectual capital in organizations. The KM discipline has been gradually moving towards academic maturity. First, is a trend toward higher cooperation among academics; single-author publications are less common. Second, the role of practitioners has changed. Their contribution to academic research declined from 30% of overall contributions up to 2002, to only 10% by 2009. Third,

3139-520: The fact that in software development companies, the skills, expertise, and intellectual capital, often overshadow the value of physical assets. Knowledge audits provide opportunities for organizations to improve their management of knowledge assets, with the goal of enhancing organizational effectiveness and efficiency. By conducting a knowledge audit, organizations can raise awareness of knowledge assets as primary factors of production and as critical capital assets in today's knowledge economy. The process of

3212-699: The first bank in Canada to introduce the internationally used Visa-branded debit card. In April 2013, CIBC reached an agreement with Invesco to acquire Atlantic Trust , the company's wealth management unit for US$ 210 million. CIBC announced in June 2016 that it would acquire the Chicago-based commercial bank PrivateBancorp for US$ 3.8 billion. The sale completed in June 2017 and in August PrivateBank announced it would rebrand itself as CIBC Bank USA . In April 2017, CIBC, announced it would move its headquarters to

3285-510: The form of the knowledge and activities to share it defines the concept between codification and personalization. The form of the knowledge means that it's either tacit or explicit . Data and information can be considered as explicit and know-how can be considered as tacit. Hansen et al. defined the two strategies (codification and personalisation). Codification means a system-oriented method in KM strategy for managing explicit knowledge with organizational objectives. Codification strategy

3358-404: The highest level of the hierarchy (e.g., Humanities) is a group of broadly similar disciplines; an entry at the next highest level (e.g., Music) is a discipline having some degree of autonomy and being the fundamental identity felt by its scholars. Lower levels of the hierarchy are sub-disciplines that do generally not have any role in the structure of the university's governance. Also regarded as

3431-440: The individual level. In the enterprise, early collections of case studies recognised the importance of knowledge management dimensions of strategy, process and measurement . Key lessons learned include people and the cultural norms which influence their behaviors are the most critical resources for successful knowledge creation, dissemination and application; cognitive, social and organisational learning processes are essential to

3504-617: The knowledge fall also under the category of formal knowledge protection. Formal knowledge protection from technical viewpoint includes technical access constraints and protection of communication channels, systems, and storage. While knowledge may eventually become public in some form or another, formal protection mechanisms are necessary to prevent competitors from directly utilizing it for their own gain. Formal protection methods are particularly effective in protecting established knowledge that can be codified and embodied in final products or services. Informal knowledge protection methods refer to

3577-487: The knowledge within the boundaries of the organization. Informal protection methods are more effective for protecting knowledge that is complex or difficult to express, articulate, or codify. The balance between knowledge sharing and knowledge protection is a critical dilemma faced by organizations today. While sharing knowledge can lead to innovation, collaboration, and competitive advantage, protecting knowledge can prevent it from being misused, misappropriated, or lost. Thus,

3650-443: The knowledge. Knowledge protection is used to prevent the knowledge to be unintentionally available or useful for competitors. Knowledge protection can be for example a patent, copyright, trademark, lead time or secrecy held by a company or an individual. There are various methods for knowledge protection and those methods are often divided into two categories by their formality: formal protection and informal protection. Occasionally

3723-657: The largest foreign shareholder in the bank for over two decades, but in early 2005 he sold his portion (est. CA$ 1.2 billion) to establish a Canadian charity, the Li Ka Shing Foundation. CIBC was Li's choice for financing many of his Canadian ventures, like Husky Energy . Li had reportedly backed personal and commercial banking head Holger Kluge to succeed Al Flood as CEO of CIBC in 1999. CIBC sold its corporate and purchasing credit card business to U.S. Bank Canada in October 2006 which joined it with business charge cards it previously acquired from Royal Bank of Canada . In

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3796-460: The need for organizational learning must be balanced with the need to protect organisations' intellectual property, especially whilst cooperating with external partners. The role of information security is crucial in helping organisations protect their assets whilst still enabling the benefits of information sharing. By implementing effective knowledge management strategies, organizations can protect valuable intellectual property while also encouraging

3869-457: The notion of explicit knowledge is self-contradictory. Specifically, for knowledge to be made explicit, it must be translated into information (i.e., symbols outside our heads). More recently, together with Georg von Krogh and Sven Voelpel , Nonaka returned to his earlier work in an attempt to move the debate about knowledge conversion forward. A second proposed framework for categorising knowledge dimensions distinguishes embedded knowledge of

3942-433: The number of academic knowledge management journals has been steadily growing, currently reaching 27 outlets. Multiple KM disciplines exist; approaches vary by author and school. As the discipline matured, academic debates increased regarding theory and practice, including: Regardless of the school of thought , core components of KM roughly include people/culture, processes/structure and technology. The details depend on

4015-413: The opposite end of the spectrum, explicit knowledge represents knowledge that the individual holds consciously in mental focus, in a form that can easily be communicated to others. Ikujiro Nonaka proposed a model ( SECI , for Socialisation, Externalisation, Combination, Internalisation) which considers a spiraling interaction between explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. In this model, knowledge follows

4088-578: The president and chairman of the Commerce, with a proposal to merge the two banks. Their first meeting took place secretively at McKinnon's house at 116 Dunvegan Road in Forest Hill , making the house the birthplace of the CIBC. According to Mackersy, within ten minutes he and McKinnon reached an agreement to merge their banks. On 1 June 1961, the Canadian Bank of Commerce and the Imperial Bank of Canada merged to form

4161-637: The public. In 1988, CIBC acquired a majority interest in Wood Gundy which brought a well-respected name and reputation in underwriting. Shortly thereafter, the corporation merged Wood Gundy and CIBC Securities under the name CIBC Wood Gundy which became CIBC Oppenheimer in 1997 and later, CIBC World Markets . In 1992, CIBC introduced automated telephone banking; in 1995 the bank launched its website, and shortly thereafter began offering banking services online. In 1996, CIBC formed HP Intria Items, alongside Hewlett-Packard and Fiserv Canada. In 2005, CIBC acquired

4234-530: The same period. The Canadian Bank of Commerce opened its new head office in Toronto in 1931. An observation gallery on the 32nd floor attracted visitors who could get an aerial view of the city. At a height of 145 metres (476 ft), it was the tallest building in the Commonwealth of Nations until 1962 with the completion of CIBC Tower in Montreal. In 1936, the Commerce was the first Canadian bank to establish

4307-399: The same year, CIBC signed a 10-year agreement with TSYS of Columbus, Georgia to outsource credit card processing operations. In 2004, the bank sold Juniper Financial Corporation to Barclays Bank . Juniper Financial was previously acquired by CIBC in 2001. The bank sold EDULINX Canada Corporation to Nelnet Canada Inc., the Canadian unit of Nelnet, Inc. , in late 2004. Li Ka Shing was

4380-552: The same year, CIBC's stock ticker symbol on the New York Stock Exchange changed from BCM to CM to bring it in line with the ticker symbol on the Toronto Stock Exchange . In December 2006, CIBC acquired majority control of its publicly held joint venture FirstCaribbean International Bank for just over US$ 1 billion, ( Bds$ 2 billion), when it purchased the 43.7% stake owned by Barclays Bank. CIBC rebranded

4453-401: The second half of the 20th century, specific adaptations of technologies such as knowledge bases , expert systems , information repositories , group decision support systems , intranets , and computer-supported cooperative work have been introduced to further enhance such efforts. In 1999, the term personal knowledge management was introduced; it refers to the management of knowledge at

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4526-607: The shares of the company from Fiserv Canada, resulting in Intria Items becoming a unit of CIBC. In 1998, CIBC joined with Loblaws to create President's Choice Financial which it launched in 28 Ottawa area stores. CIBC agreed to merge with the Toronto-Dominion Bank in 1998. However the Government of Canada , at the recommendation of the minister of finance , Paul Martin , blocked the merger – as well as another proposed by

4599-406: The sharing of relevant knowledge across teams and departments. This active balancing act requires careful consideration of factors such as the level of openness, the identification of core knowledge areas, and the establishment of appropriate mechanisms for knowledge transfer and collaboration. Finding the right balance between knowledge sharing and knowledge protection is a complex issue that requires

4672-448: The specific context in which it is developed. Early research suggested that KM needs to convert internalised tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge to share it, and the same effort must permit individuals to internalise and make personally meaningful any codified knowledge retrieved from the KM effort. Subsequent research suggested that a distinction between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge represented an oversimplification and that

4745-472: The success of a knowledge management strategy; and measurement, benchmarking and incentives are essential to accelerate the learning process and to drive cultural change. In short, knowledge management programs can yield impressive benefits to individuals and organisations if they are purposeful, concrete and action-orientated. The ISO 9001:2015 quality management standard released in September 2015 introduced

4818-807: The target is to improve knowledge flows through networking and integrations related to tacit knowledge with knowledge sharing and creation. Information technology plays a less important role, as it only facilitates communication and knowledge sharing. Generic knowledge strategies include knowledge acquisition strategy, knowledge exploitation strategy, knowledge exploration strategy, and knowledge sharing strategy. These strategies aim at helping organisations to increase their knowledge and competitive advantage . Other knowledge management strategies and instruments for companies include: Multiple motivations lead organisations to undertake KM. Typical considerations include: Knowledge management (KM) technology can be categorised: These categories overlap. Workflow, for example,

4891-497: The terms of the stages. For example, Dalkir talks about knowledge capture, sharing and acquisition and Doan et al. introduces initiation, implementation and evaluation. Furthermore, Levy introduces three steps (scope, transfer, integration) but also recognizes a "zero stage" for initiation of the project. A knowledge audit is a comprehensive assessment of an organization's knowledge assets, including its explicit and tacit knowledge, intellectual capital, expertise, and skills. The goal of

4964-569: The use of informal mechanisms such as human resource management practices or secrecy to protect knowledge assets. There is notable amount of knowledge that cannot be protected by formal methods, and for which more informal protection might be the most efficient option. Informal knowledge protection methods can take various forms, such as: secrecy, social norms and values, complexity, lead-time and Human resource management. Informal knowledge protection methods protect knowledge assets for example by making it difficult for outsiders to access and understand

5037-548: The worst results in the history of the bank. Kassie afterwards founded Genuity Capital and was alleged to have raided 20 key employees from World Markets for his new startup, causing CIBC to file suit. Gerald T. McCaughey became Kassie's replacement heading World Markets and in February 2004, was promoted to president and chief operating officer, assuring his succession as CEO. Shortly after assuming his position, McCaughey reportedly dismissed Jill Denham, vice chair of retail markets and

5110-680: Was a minority shareholder in Major League Baseball 's Toronto Blue Jays , with partner Labatt's Breweries from their inception in 1977. The CIBC Leadership Centre in King City , was sold to Benchmark Hospitality in 2001. In 2002, CIBC disbanded Amicus FSB, and sold its assets to E*Trade Bank. Amicus FSB was formed in 1999 in the United States with Winn Dixie and Safeway Inc. under the Marketplace Bank and Safeway Select Bank brands. In

5183-661: Was formed through the 1961 merger of the Canadian Bank of Commerce (founded in 1867) and the Imperial Bank of Canada (founded in 1873), in the largest merger between chartered banks in Canadian history. It is one of two "Big Five" banks founded in Toronto, the other being the Toronto-Dominion Bank . The bank has four strategic business units: Canadian Personal and Business Banking, Canadian Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, U.S. Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, and Capital Markets. It has international operations in

5256-416: Was rebranded as CIBC FirstCaribbean International Bank . In 2010, CIBC acquired a 22.5% equity of Butterfield Bank of Bermuda . CIBC is well known for its publicized battles of succession to the top position of president and CEO (formerly styled chairman and CEO until 2003 when the positions were separated). When Al Flood became CEO, one of his first acts was to fire his chief rival Paul Cantor. In 1999,

5329-472: Was the only chartered bank to have a branch on-site at Expo 67 . Also at this time computerization began to change banking services and the Yonge and Bloor branch in Toronto was the first Canadian bank branch to update customer bank books via computer. This also marked the introduction of inter-branch banking. Before the decade was out, CIBC had introduced the first 24-hour cash dispenser, which would eventually become

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