79-555: (Redirected from Knollenmergel ) Geologic formation in Germany and Switzerland [REDACTED] You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German . (August 2018) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate ,
158-619: A Central European Danube Confederation to counter these countries against Germany and Russia. There were also plans to add Bavaria and Württemberg to an enlarged Austria. There were also various resistance movements around Otto von Habsburg that pursued this goal. The group around the Austrian priest Heinrich Maier also planned in this direction, which also successfully helped the Allies to wage war by, among other things, forwarding production sites and plans for V-2 rockets , Tiger tanks and aircraft to
237-539: A Geographical Term ) most Central European states were unable to preserve their political independence and became Soviet satellites . Besides Austria, Switzerland and Yugoslavia, only the marginal European states of Cyprus , Finland , Malta and Sweden preserved their political sovereignty to a certain degree, being left out of any military alliances in Europe. The opening of the Iron Curtain between Austria and Hungary at
316-590: A buffer zone between these regions. In the early nineteenth century, the terms "Middle" or "Central" Europe (known as "Mitteleuropa" in German and "Europe centrale" in French) were introduced in geographical scholarship in both German and French languages. At first, these terms were linked to the regions spanning from the Pyrenees to the Danube, which, according to German authors, could be united under German authority. However, after
395-521: A dinosaur graveyard Proteus 25(4-5):116-119 B. Peyer. 1956. Über Zähne von Haramiyiden, von Triconodonten und von wahrscheinlich synapsiden Reptilien aus dem Rhät von Hallau, Kt. Schaffhausen, Schweiz - On the teeth of haramiyids, triconodonts, and probable synapsid reptiles from the Rhaetic of Hallau, Kanton Schaffhausen, Switzerland Schweizerische Paleontologische Abhandlungen 72:1-72 O. Kuhn. 1939. Beiträge zur Keuperfauna von Halberstadt - Contributions to
474-456: A partial postcranial skeleton A derived sauropodiform , previously attributed to P. plieningeri . Pterospondylus P. trielbae Known from a vertebra [REDACTED] Gresslyosaurus G. ingens "Incomplete sacrum, caudals, metacarpal, partial hindlimb." G. torgeri Kanton Baselland "Postcranial skeleton" Indeterminate prosauropod remains. A referred skull
553-591: A significant trade route, restoring ports and revitalising commercial activity. Before 1870, the industrialization that had started to develop in Northwestern and Central Europe and the United States did not extend in any significant way to the rest of the world. Even in Eastern Europe , industrialization lagged far behind. Russia , for example, remained largely rural and agricultural, and its autocratic rulers kept
632-643: A static spatial one. For example, a fair share of Belarus and Right-bank Ukraine are in Eastern Europe today, but 240 years ago they were in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . Johnson's study on Central Europe received acclaim and positive reviews in the scientific community. However, according to Romanian researcher Maria Bucur , this very ambitious project suffers from the weaknesses imposed by its scope (almost 1600 years of history). The World Factbook defines Central Europe as: Austria,
711-499: Is a part of Europe composed of Austria, Belgium , the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg , Netherlands , Poland, Romania and Switzerland, and northern marginal regions of Italy and Yugoslavia (northern states – Croatia and Slovenia ), as well as northeastern France. The German Ständige Ausschuss für geographische Namen (Standing Committee on Geographical Names), which develops and recommends rules for
790-536: Is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Misplaced Pages. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 2,075 articles in the main category , and specifying |topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify
869-563: Is an ambiguous German concept. It is sometimes used in English to refer to an area somewhat larger than most conceptions of 'Central Europe'. According to Fritz Fischer Mitteleuropa was a scheme in the era of the Reich of 1871–1918 by which the old imperial elites had allegedly sought to build a system of German economic, military and political domination from the northern seas to the Near East and from
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#1733085338611948-1142: Is different from Wikidata Articles needing translation from German Misplaced Pages Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Trossingen-Formation Look for Trossingen-Formation on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Trossingen-Formation in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use
1027-462: Is known for its cultural diversity; however, countries in this region also share historical and cultural similarities. Whilst the region is variously defined, it often includes Austria , Croatia , the Czech Republic , Germany , Hungary , Liechtenstein , Lithuania , Poland , Slovakia , Slovenia , Switzerland and Transylvania as part of Romania . From the early 16th century until
1106-590: Is no general agreement either on what geographic area constitutes Central Europe, nor on how to further subdivide it geographically. At times, the term "Central Europe" denotes a geographic definition as the Danube region in the heart of the continent, including the language and culture areas which are today included in the states of Bulgaria , Croatia , the Czech Republic , Hungary , Moldova , Poland , Romania , Serbia , Slovakia , Slovenia and usually also Austria and Germany. The terminology EU11 countries refer
1185-406: Is widely used in German education and media without negative meaning, especially since the end of communism. Many people from the new states of Germany do not identify themselves as being part of Western Europe and therefore prefer the term "Mitteleuropa". During World War II, Central Europe was largely occupied by Nazi Germany. Many areas were a battle area and were devastated. The mass murder of
1264-659: The Carolingian Renaissance , limited to the territories that practised Western Christianity at the time. "European" as a cultural term did not include much of the territories where the Orthodox Church represented the dominant religion until the 19th century. Following the Christianization of various Central European countries, elements of cultural unity emerged within the region, specifically Catholicism and Latin . Eastern Europe remained Eastern Orthodox , and
1343-705: The Christianization of Lithuania . It also resulted in the Union of Krewo , signifying a personal union between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland. The union commenced an enduring political alliance between the two entities and laid the foundations for the later establishment of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569. Between the 15th and early 16th centuries, the Kingdom of Croatia, which
1422-592: The Cold War the countries that make up Central Europe have historically been, and in some cases continue to be, divided into either Eastern or Western Europe. After World War II, Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain into two parts, the capitalist Western Bloc and the socialist Eastern Bloc , although Austria, Switzerland and Yugoslavia (encompassing the territories of present-day Croatia, Slovenia and various other Balkans nations) declared neutrality. The Berlin Wall
1501-651: The Czechoslovak , Hungarian and Polish presidents was hailed at the time as a major breakthrough in Central European cooperation, but the Visegrád Group became a vehicle for coordinating Central Europe's road to the European Union, while development of closer ties within the region languished. American professor Peter J. Katzenstein described Central Europe as a way station in a Europeanization process that marks
1580-820: The Eastern Bloc countries, as its every result proved the dissimilarity of Central Europe, which was inconsistent with the Stalinist doctrine. On the other hand, the topic became popular in Western Europe and the United States, much of the research being carried out by immigrants from Central Europe. Following the Fall of Communism , publicists and historians in Central Europe, especially the anti-communist opposition, returned to their research. According to Karl A. Sinnhuber ( Central Europe: Mitteleuropa: Europe Centrale: An Analysis of
1659-588: The Frankfurt Parliament , which was established in the wake of the March Revolution of 1848, there were multiple competing ideas for the integration of German-speaking areas, including the mitteleuropäische Lösung (Central European Solution) propagated by Austria, which sought to merge the smaller German-speaking states with the multi-ethnic Habsburg Empire, but was opposed by Prussia and others. An imperialistic idea of Mitteleuropa also became popular in
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#17330853386111738-598: The German Empire established in 1871, which experienced intensive economic growth. The term was used when the Union of German Railway Administrations established the Mitteleuropäische Eisenbahn-Zeit (Central European Railway Time) time zone , which was applied by the railways from 1 June 1891 and was later widely adopted in civilian life, thus the time zone name shortened to the present-day Central European Time . The German term denoting Central Europe
1817-608: The Netherlands ) as its main aim. Another time, the term Central Europe became connected to the German plans of political, economic, and cultural domination. The "bible" of the concept was Friedrich Naumann 's book Mitteleuropa in which he called for an economic federation to be established after World War I. Naumann's proposed a federation with Germany and the Habsburg empire as its centre, eventually uniting all external European nations through economic prosperity. The concept failed after
1896-640: The Pan-European Picnic on 19 August 1989 then set in motion a peaceful chain reaction, at the end of which there was no longer an East Germany and the Eastern Bloc had disintegrated. It was the largest escape movement from East Germany since the Berlin Wall was built in 1961. After the picnic, which was based on an idea by Otto von Habsburg to test the reaction of the USSR and Mikhail Gorbachev to an opening of
1975-500: The Samogitians , Aukštaitians and Curonians . The Holy Roman Empire was founded at the turn of the 9th century, following the coronation of Charlemagne by Pope Leo III . At its inception, it incorporated present-day Germany and nearby regions, including parts of what is now Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovenia and Switzerland. Three decades later, Great Moravia , centred in present-day Czech Republic and Slovakia, became one of
2054-475: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Trossingen-Formation " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try the purge function . Titles on Misplaced Pages are case sensitive except for
2133-523: The dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire around 1800, there was a consolidation of power among the Habsburgs and Hohenzollerns as the two major states in the area. They had much in common and occasionally cooperated in various channels, but more often competed. One approach in the various attempts at cooperation, was the conception of a set of supposed common features and interests, and this idea led to
2212-402: The 11th and 15th centuries, not only did Christianization influence the cultures within Central Europe, but well-defined social features were also implemented in the region based on Western characteristics. The keyword of Western social development after the turn of the millennium was the spread of Magdeburg rights in some cities and towns of Western Europe. These began to spread in the middle of
2291-632: The 13th century in Central European countries, bringing about self-governments of towns and counties. In 1335, the Kings of Poland , Bohemia and Hungary and Croatia met in the castle of Visegrád and agreed to cooperate closely in the field of politics and commerce, inspiring the post- Cold War Visegrád Group . In 1386, Jogaila , the Grand Duke of Lithuania , converted to Christianity (specifically Catholicism) and subsequently became King of Poland through marriage to Queen Jadwiga of Poland . This initiated
2370-614: The Adriatic had not been approved by the Western Allied chiefs of staff. As a result of the military situation at the end of the war, Stalin's plans prevailed and much of Central Europe came under Russian control. Following World War II , parts of Central Europe became part of the Eastern Bloc . The boundary between the two blocks was called the Iron Curtain . Austria, Switzerland and Yugoslavia remained neutral. The post-World War II period brought blocking of research on Central Europe in
2449-503: The Central European area is subject to debates. Very often, the definition depends on the nationality and historical perspective of its author. The concept of "Central Europe" appeared in the 19th century. It was understood as a contact zone between the Southern and Northern areas, and later the Eastern and Western areas of Europe. Thinkers portrayed "Central Europe" either as a separate region, or
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2528-507: The Central, Eastern and Baltic European member states which accessed in 2004 and after: in 2004 Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia, and Slovakia; in 2007 Bulgaria, Romania; and in 2013 Croatia. The choice of states that make up Central Europe is an ongoing source of controversy. Although views on which countries belong to Central Europe are vastly varied, according to many sources (see section Definitions )
2607-632: The Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and Switzerland. The German Encyclopaedia Meyers Grosses Taschenlexikon ( Meyers Big Pocket Encyclopedia ), 1999, defines Central Europe as the central part of Europe with no precise borders to the East and West. The term is mostly used to denominate the territory between the Schelde to Vistula and from the Danube to the Moravian Gate . According to Meyers Enzyklopädisches Lexikon , Central Europe
2686-453: The Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Liechtenstein, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and Switzerland. The Columbia Encyclopedia includes: Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Switzerland. While it does not have a single article defining Central Europe, Encyclopædia Britannica includes the following countries in Central Europe in one or more of its articles: Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,
2765-402: The Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Lithuania and Yugoslavia. The main proposed regional definitions, gathered by Polish historian Jerzy Kłoczowski , include: Former University of Vienna professor Lonnie R. Johnson points out criteria to distinguish Central Europe from Western, Northern, Eastern and Southern Europe: He also thinks that Central Europe is a dynamic historical concept, not
2844-593: The Feuerletten (Mittelkeuper; Obertrias) of Bavaria". Zitteliana Reihe B: Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie . 24 : 1–186. Yates, A. M. (2003). "Species taxonomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Löwenstein Formation (Norian, Late Triassic) of Germany". Palaeontology . 46 (2): 317–337. Bibcode : 2003Palgy..46..317Y . doi : 10.1111/j.0031-0239.2003.00301.x . Galton, P. M. (1984). "Cranial anatomy of
2923-562: The Franco-Prussian war of 1870, the French began to exclude France from this area, and later the Germans also adopted this perspective by the end of World War I. The concept of "Central" or "Middle Europe", understood as a region with German influence, lost a significant part of its popularity after WWI and was completely dismissed after WWII. Two defeats of Germany in the world wars, combined with
3002-540: The German defeat in World War I . The revival of the idea may be observed during the Hitler era . The interwar period (1918–1938) brought a new geopolitical system, as well as economic and political problems, and the concept of Central Europe took on a different character. The centre of interest was moved to its eastern part – particularly to the countries that had (re)appeared on the map of Europe. Central Europe ceased to be
3081-465: The Germans have not played an exclusively negative role in the region. Most Central European Jews embraced the enlightened German humanistic culture of the 19th century. Jews of turn of the 20th century Central Europe became representatives of what many consider to be Central European culture at its best, though the Nazi conceptualisation of "Mitteleuropa" sought to destroy this culture. The term "Mitteleuropa"
3160-646: The Jews depopulated many of their centuries-old settlement areas or settled other people there and their culture was wiped out. Both Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin diametrically opposed the centuries-old Habsburg principles of "live and let live" with regard to ethnic groups, peoples, minorities, religions, cultures and languages and tried to assert their own ideologies and power interests in Central Europe. There were various Allied plans for state order in Central Europe for post-war. While Stalin tried to get as many states under his control as possible, Winston Churchill preferred
3239-465: The Keuper fauna of Halberstadt Paläontologische Zeitschrift 21:258-286 R. Dehm. 1935. Beobachtungen im oberen Bunten Keuper Mittelfrankens - Observations on the upper Bunter Keuper from middle Franconia Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Abteilung B: Geologie und Paläontologie 1935(4):97-109 F. v. Huene. 1934. Ein neuer Coelurosaurier in der thüringischen Trias - A new coelurosaur in
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3318-714: The Low Countries through the steppes of Russia to the Caucasus. Later on, professor Fritz Epstein argued the threat of a Slavic "Drang nach Westen" (Western expansion) had been a major factor in the emergence of a Mitteleuropa ideology before the Reich of 1871 ever came into being. In Germany the connotation was also sometimes linked to the pre-war German provinces east of the Oder-Neisse line . The term "Mitteleuropa" conjures up negative historical associations among some people, although
3397-600: The Soviet sphere of influence in the late 1940s–1980s. For the most part, this geographical framework lost its attraction after the end of the Cold War. A number of Post-Communist countries rather re-branded themselves in the 1990s as "Central European.", while avoiding the stained wording of "Middle Europe," which they associated with German influence in the region. This reinvented concept of "Central Europe" excluded Germany, Austria and Switzerland, reducing its coverage chiefly to Poland,
3476-750: The Thuringian Trias Paläontologische Zeitschrift 16(3/4):145-170 O. Jaekel. 1914. Über die Wirbeltierfunde in der oberen Trias von Halberstadt - On the vertebrate remains in the Upper Triassic of Halberstadt Paläontologische Zeitschrift 1(1):155-215 W. Obermeyer. 1912. Neue Funde von Tierfährten im Mittleren Keuper bei Stuttgart - New finds of animal tracks in the Middle Keuper of Stuttgart Aus der Heimat 25(5):121, 129-137 O. Jaekel. 1910. Die Fussstellung und Lebensweise der grossen Dinosaurier - The foot posture and way of life of
3555-1356: The Trossingen Formation The Trossingen Formation , formerly the Knollenmergel , is a geological formation in Germany and Switzerland. It dates back to the late Norian - Rhaetian . Vertebrate paleofauna [ edit ] Dinosaurs of the Trossingen Formation genus Species Location Material Notes Images Plateosaurus P. erlenbergiensis "Partial skull and skeleton." Nomen dubium [REDACTED] Plateosaurus specimens from Trossingen P. longiceps Sachsen-Anhalt Niedersachsen Includes "cf. Palaeosaurus ?diagnosticus" P. engelhardti Nomen dubium P. trossingensis Prosauropoda Indeterminate remains Includes P. plieningeri , P. quenstedti and, Gresslyosaurus robustus . " Pachysaurus " species P. ajax , P. giganteus , P. magnus , P. reiningeri , and P. wetzelianus Several of these may belong to Plateosaurus engelhardti Tuebingosaurus T.maierfritzorum Known from
3634-509: The USA. Otto von Habsburg tried to relieve Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and northern Yugoslavia (particularly the territories of present-day Croatia and Slovenia) from Nazi German, and Soviet, influence and control. There were various considerations to prevent German and Soviet power in Europe after the war. Churchill's idea of reaching the area around Vienna before the Russians via an operation from
3713-671: The Upper Triassic dinosaur beds of Trossingen" . Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments . 94 (4): 571. Bibcode : 2014PdPe...94..571S . doi : 10.1007/s12549-014-0166-8 . Retrieved 2020-10-19 . Weishampel , David B.; Dodson , Peter; Osmólska , Halszka, eds. (2004). The Dinosauria (2nd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 1–880. ISBN 0-520-24209-2 . Retrieved 2019-02-21 . Moser, M. (2003). " Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha) aus dem Feuerletten (Mittelkeuper; Obertrias) von Bayern - Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha) from
3792-478: The area of German aspiration to lead or dominate and became a territory of various integration movements aiming at resolving political, economic, and national problems of "new" states, being a way to face German and Soviet pressures. However, the conflict of interests was too big and neither Little Entente nor Intermarium ( Międzymorze ) ideas succeeded. Hungarian historian Ádám Magda wrote in her study Versailles System and Central Europe (2006): "Today we know that
3871-527: The bane of Central Europe was the Little Entente , military alliance of Czechoslovakia , Romania and Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia), created in 1921 not for Central Europe's cooperation nor to fight German expansion, but in a wrong perceived notion that a completely powerless Hungary must be kept down". The events preceding World War II in Europe —including the so-called Western betrayal / Munich Agreement were very much enabled by
3950-582: The border, tens of thousands of media-informed East Germans set off for Hungary. The leadership of the GDR in East Berlin did not dare to completely block the borders of their own country and the USSR did not respond at all. This broke the bracket of the Eastern Bloc and Central Europe subsequently became free from communism. According to American professor Ronald Tiersky , the 1991 summit held in Visegrád attended by
4029-537: The division of Germany, an almost complete disappearance of German-speaking communities in these countries, and the Communist-led isolation of Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland and Yugoslavia from the Western world, turned the concept of "Central/Middle Europe" into an anachronism. On the other side, the non-German areas of Central Europe were almost universally regarded as "Eastern European" primarily associated with
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#17330853386114108-647: The early 18th century, parts of present-day Croatia and Hungary were under Ottoman rule. During the 17th century, the empire also occupied southern parts of present-day Slovakia. During the Early Modern period, the territories of Poland and Lithuania were part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . Meanwhile, the Archduchy of Austria , the Kingdom of Bohemia (Czech Republic), the Duchy of Carniola (part of present-day Slovenia),
4187-644: The east. However, the region encompassed a wide spectrum of additional tribes and communities. From the late 6th century to the early 9th century, the area roughly corresponding to the Carpathian Basin was part of the Avar Khaganate, the realm of the Pannonian Avars . While the Avars dominated the east of what is now Austria, its north and south were under Germanic and Slavic influence, respectively. Meanwhile,
4266-413: The first West Slavic states to be founded in Central Europe. In the late 9th Century, the Hungarian tribes , originating in the Ural Mountains and Western Siberia , settled in the Carpathian Basin and established the Principality of Hungary . The earliest recorded concept of Europe as a cultural sphere (instead of simply a geographic term) was formed by Alcuin of York in the late 8th century during
4345-475: The first character; please check alternative capitalizations and consider adding a redirect here to the correct title. If the page has been deleted, check the deletion log , and see Why was the page I created deleted? Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trossingen-Formation " Central Europe Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern , Southern , Western and Northern Europe. Central Europe
4424-412: The first discussions of a Mitteleuropa in the mid-nineteenth century, as espoused by Friedrich List and Karl Ludwig Bruck . These were mostly based on economic issues. Mitteleuropa may refer to a historical concept or a contemporary German definition of Central Europe. As a historical concept, the German term Mitteleuropa (or alternatively its literal translation into English, Middle Europe )
4503-856: The historical Tübingen collection" . Vertebrate Zoology . 72 : 771–822. doi : 10.3897/vz.72.e86348 . ^ "Table 3.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.50 ^ "18.1 Kanton Baselland, Switzerland; 1. Knollenmergel," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.524 ^ "Table 12.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.236 ^ "17.4 Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany; 1. Knollenmergel" and "17.5 Thuringen, Germany; 1. Knollenmergel," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.524 ^ "17.5 Thuringen, Germany; 1. Knollenmergel," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.524 ^ "Table 3.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.48 ^ "Table 12.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.235 Bibliography [ edit ] Schoch, Rainer R.; Seegis, Dieter (2014). "Taphonomy, deposition, and pedogenesis in
4582-659: The large dinosaurs Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 62:270-277 F. v. Huene. 1908. Die Dinosaurier der Europäischen Triasformation mit berücksichtigung der Ausseuropäischen vorkommnisse - The dinosaurs of the European Triassic formations with consideration of occurrences outside Europe Geologische und Palaeontologische Abhandlungen Suppl. 1(1):1-419 F. v. Huene. 1905. Trias-Dinosaurier Europas - European Triassic dinosaurs Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 57:345-349 H. J. Hagen. 1886. Die geologischen Verhältnisse im Arbeitsgebiete der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft Nürnberg - The geological conditions in
4661-513: The legal development or the social, cultural, economic, and infrastructural developments in these countries. The avant-garde movements of Central Europe contributed to the evolution of modernism, reaching its peak throughout the continent during the 1920s. The Sourcebook of Central European avantgards (Los Angeles County Museum of Art) contains primary documents of the avant-gardes in the territories of Austria, Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia from 1910 to 1930. With
4740-1298: The life of the Saurischia present in the upper-most Keuper of Trossingen in Württemberg". Palaeobiologica . 1 : 103–116. Further reading [ edit ] Beutler, G. Lithostratigraphie. In: Deutsche Stratigraphische Kommission (Hrsg.): Stratigraphie von Deutschland IV – Keuper. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 253: 65-84, Stuttgart 2005. ISSN 0341-4116 Nitsch, E. Der Keuper in der Stratigraphischen Tabelle von Deutschland 2002: Formationen und Folgen. Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 41(1-3): 159-171, Stuttgart 2005. ISSN 0078-0421 Beutler, G., Hauschke< N. und Nitsch< E. Faziesentwicklung des Keupers im Germanischen Becken. In: Norbert Hauschke & Volker Wilde (Hrsg.): Trias – Eine ganze andere Welt. Mitteleuropa im frühen Erdmittelalter. S. 129–174, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 1999. ISBN 3-931516-55-5 Mückenhausen, E. Die Bodenkunde und ihre geologischen, geomorphologischen, mineralogischen und petrologischen Grundlagen. 4. erg. Aufl., 579 S., DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/M. 1993. ISBN 3-7690-0511-2 Schlichting, E. Einführung in die Bodenkunde . 3. Aufl., 131 S, Parey, Hamburg & Berlin, 1993. ISBN 3-490-20115-9 F. Cimerman. 1963. Ob dinozavrovem grobu - On
4819-403: The peasants in serfdom. The concept of Central Europe was already known at the beginning of the 19th century, but it developed further and became an object of intensive interest towards the 20th century. However, the first concept mixed science, politics, and economy – it was strictly connected with the aspirations of German states to dominate a part of European continent called Mitteleuropa . At
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#17330853386114898-605: The prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus from the Knollenmergel (Middle Keuper, Upper Triassic) of Germany. I. Two complete skulls from Trossingen/Württ. With comments on the diet". Geologica et Palaeontologica . 18 : 139–171. von Huene , F. (1932). "Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte - The fossil order of reptiles Saurischia, their development and history". Monographien zur Geologie und Paläontologie . 4 : 1–361. von Huene , F. (1928). "Lebensbild des Saurischier-Vorkommens im obersten Keuper von Trossingen in Württemberg - Pictures of
4977-448: The region includes some or all of the states listed in the sections below: Depending on the context, Central European countries are sometimes not seen as a specific group, but sorted as either Eastern or Western European countries. In this case Austria, Germany and Switzerland are often placed in Western Europe, while Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia are placed in Eastern Europe. Croatia
5056-424: The rising nationalism and ethnocentrism that typified that period. The interwar period brought new elements to the concept of Central Europe. Before World War I, it embraced mainly German-speaking states, with non-German speaking territories being an area of intended German penetration and domination – German leadership was to be the 'natural' result of economic dominance. Post-war, the Eastern part of Central Europe
5135-1470: The template {{Translated|de|Trossingen-Formation}} to the talk page . For more guidance, see Misplaced Pages:Translation . Trossingen Formation Stratigraphic range : Norian - Rhaetian ~ 220–201 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N [REDACTED] Excavation in 1912 Type Geological formation Unit of Keuper Sub-units Feuerletten, Grenzmergel & Knollenmergel Members Underlies Exter Formation Overlies Löwenstein Formation Thickness Franconia: 55–60 m (180–197 ft) Southern Württemberg: 10 m (33 ft) Lithology Primary Marl , claystone Other Mudstone , sandstone , conglomerate Location Coordinates 48°48′N 9°12′E / 48.8°N 9.2°E / 48.8; 9.2 Approximate paleocoordinates 31°54′N 10°24′E / 31.9°N 10.4°E / 31.9; 10.4 Region Central Europe Country [REDACTED] Germany [REDACTED] Switzerland Extent Southern half of Germany Type section Named for Trossingen Named by Beutler Year defined 2005 [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Trossingen Formation (Germany) [REDACTED] Selected fauna of
5214-413: The territories now comprising Germany and Switzerland were under the influence of the Merovingian dynasty , and later the Carolingian dynasty . Various Slavic tribes that inhabited eastern Central Europe established settlements during this period, primarily in present-day Croatia, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. The territory of Lithuania was inhabited by Baltic tribes. Amongst them were
5293-440: The text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Misplaced Pages article at [[:de:Trossingen-Formation]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add
5372-446: The transformation process of the Visegrád Group countries in different, though comparable ways. According to him, in Germany's contemporary public discourse "Central European identity" refers to the civilizational divide between Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. He argued that there is no precise way to define Central Europe and that the region may even include Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia and Serbia. The issue of how to name and define
5451-411: The uniform use of geographical names, proposes two sets of boundaries. The first follows international borders of current countries. The second subdivides and includes some countries based on cultural criteria. In comparison to some other definitions, it is broader, including Luxembourg, Estonia, Latvia, and in the second sense, parts of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Italy, and France. There
5530-423: The various German Principalities and the Old Swiss Confederacy were within the Holy Roman Empire . By the end of the 18th century, the Habsburg monarchy , a prominent power within the Holy Roman Empire, came to reign over the territories of Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Slovenia, alongside parts of Serbia , Germany, Italy , Poland and Switzerland. Since
5609-555: The working areas of the Natural History Society of Nuremberg Abhandlungen der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Nürnberg 8:1-27 T. Plieninger. 1850. Prof. Dr. Plieninger, welcher schon zuvor erklärt hatte, nur dann Einiges zur Sprache bringen zu wollen, wenn nach Anhörung der Vorträge auswärtiger Mitglieder noch Zeit übrig wäre, berührte in freiem Vortrag, den er später geschrieben zu den Akten gab, zuletzt noch folgende Gegenstände - Prof. Dr. Plieninger, who had already previously explained that he only would talk about certain things if there
5688-498: Was accelerated by writers and other intellectuals, who recognized the societal paralysis of decaying dictatorships and felt compelled to speak up against Soviet oppression. In the early Middle Ages, Central Europe had a diverse landscape, with various ethnic groups inhabiting the region. Germanic tribes , among them the Franks , Alemans and Bavarians , were predominantly situated in the west, while Slavic tribes were predominantly in
5767-567: Was at the time in personal union with the Kingdom of Hungary, served as a significant maritime gateway of Central Europe, with its ports facilitating key trade routes between Central Europe and the Mediterranean. The Republic of Ragusa emerged as a prominent hub for cultural exchange during this time. Following the Ottoman and Habsburg wars of the 16th and 17th centuries, the Kingdom of Croatia, under Habsburg rule , began to regain its position as
5846-656: Was dominated by Byzantine cultural influence. After the East–West Schism in 1054, significant parts of Eastern Europe developed cultural unity and resistance to Catholic Western and Central Europe within the framework of the Eastern Orthodox Church , Church Slavonic language and the Cyrillic alphabet . According to historian Jenő Szűcs , at the end of the first millennium Central Europe became influenced by Western European developments. Szűcs argued that between
5925-1295: Was enough time after listening to the presentations by outside members, touched on the following subjects in an informal presentation, of which he subsequently deposited a written record in the archives Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg 8:161-172 H. v. Meyer. 1837. Mittheilungen, an Professor Bronn gerichtet - Communications, sent to Professor Bronn Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde 1837:314-317 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trossingen_Formation&oldid=1234947585 " Categories : Triassic System of Europe Triassic Germany Triassic Switzerland Norian Stage Shale formations Mudstone formations Sandstone formations Conglomerate formations Marl formations Deltaic deposits Fluvial deposits Lacustrine deposits Shallow marine deposits Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of Europe Paleontology in Germany Paleontology in Switzerland Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
6004-1917: Was once known but has since been lost. Halticosaurus H. liliensterni Thüringen H. longotarsus Sachsen-Anhalt Indeterminate coelophysoid remains Liliensternus L. liliensterni Thüringen Two partial skeletons of subadults "(= Halticosaurus liliensterni )" [REDACTED] Ruehleia R. bedheimensis Thüringen "Nearly complete skeleton, [two] incomplete skeletons, juvenile to adult." Color key Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text ; crossed out taxa are discredited. See also [ edit ] List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Germany List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Switzerland References [ edit ] ^ Weishampel et al., 2004, pp.521–525 ^ "17.1 Niedersachsen, Germany; 1. Knollenmergel" and "17.4 Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany; 1. Knollenmergel," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.524 ^ "Table 12.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.237 ^ "17.4 Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany; 1. Knollenmergel," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.524 ^ "17.1 Niedersachsen, Germany; 1. Knollenmergel," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.524 ^ Regalado Fernández OR, Werneburg I (2022). "A new massopodan sauropodomorph from Trossingen Formation (Germany) hidden as ' Plateosaurus ' for 100 years in
6083-645: Was one of the most visible symbols of this division. Respectively, countries in Central Europe have historical, cultural and geopolitical ties with these wider regions of Europe. Central Europe began a "strategic awakening" in the late 20th and early 21st century, with initiatives such as the Central European Defence Cooperation , the Central European Initiative , Centrope , and the Visegrád Four Group . This awakening
6162-679: Was placed at the centre of the concept. At that time the scientists took an interest in the idea: the International Historical Congress in Brussels in 1923 was committed to Central Europe, and the 1933 Congress continued the discussions. According to Emmanuel de Martonne , in 1927, Central Europe encompassed Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Switzerland, northern Italy and northern Yugoslavia. The author uses both Human and Physical Geographical features to define Central Europe, but he doesn't take into account
6241-713: Was so fashionable that other languages started referring to it when indicating territories from Rhine to Vistula , or even Dnieper , and from the Baltic Sea to the Balkans . An example of this vision of Central Europe may be seen in Joseph Partsch 's book of 1903. On 21 January 1904, Mitteleuropäischer Wirtschaftsverein (Central European Economic Association) was established in Berlin with economic integration of Germany and Austria (with eventual extension to Switzerland, Belgium and
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