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20-505: The windmill in the Slovene Hills typically has four blades, and in Haloze six blades, driving an axis with a sail or vane that is constructed to swivel so it is always positioned perpendicular to the wind. As the axis rotates, wooden hammers are lifted off their resting position by fixed notches. As they fall back, they rhythmically impact on a wooden board . While the quality of the sound

40-526: A bird-scaring rattle , a wind-rattle or a wind-clapper . Although a local historian from Maribor claims that the device appeared in Haloze and in Zagorje already in the 16th century, nothing particular is known about its origin. An educated guess has been made that it developed during the period of the Enlightenment . According to the most plausible theory held by the majority of ethnologists , including

60-535: A Winedresser , written in 1797 by Leopold Volkmer . Archduke Johann of Austria (1782–1859), the youngest brother of the last Holy Roman Emperor Francis II , had it in his vineyard in 1836. Still earlier than this, however, is the mention of the Klappermühle in German writings from at least the 16th century, which could signify either a true mill intentionally designed to scare birds away especially from fruit trees, or

80-587: A natural setting stands in the Sausal mountain range, near the summit of the Demmerkogel . It is 16 meters high, and its moving parts mass 3.4 metric tons. Each of the eight hammers weighs 40 kilograms. The klopotec is most frequently heard in the transnational region from Southwest Styria (e.g., the Sausal mountain range and the Weinstraße ) to Eastern Slovenia: the Slovene Hills , Haloze and Prlekija (of which it

100-428: A smaller windmill-like device similar to the klopotec. A klopotec consists of different parts, each of which should (ideally) be made of a specific type of wood to produce a fine and melodic sound. The wood of hammers and of the board is especially important, as only the right combination enables that the device produces the ultrasound that scares the birds away. The parts are: The largest construction of this type in

120-485: Is Mohokos at 344.4 metres (1,130 ft) above sea level . It forms part of a short hill range that extends for about 20 kilometres (12 mi) across the northwestern part of the region in northwest-southeast direction. While Upper Međimurje is covered with groves , meadows, vineyards and orchards , Lower Međimurje is largely used for tillage , which includes fields of cereals , maize , potato , as well as vegetable farming . The region has been inhabited since

140-727: Is a small historical and geographical region in Northern Croatia comprising the area between the two large rivers, Mura and Drava , and roughly corresponding to the administrative division of Međimurje County . The region consists of the alluvial plain in its southeastern part (so called Dolnje Međimurje or 'Lower Međimurje') and the slopes of the Alpine foothills in its northwestern part ( Gornje Međimurje – 'Upper Međimurje' – or sometimes Međimurske gorice , approx. 'the Međimurje Hills'). The highest geographical point

160-668: Is a symbol), less frequently in Lower Carniola and White Carniola . It is also found in Southwestern Slovenia, in the Littoral Region and in Croatia's Zagorje , Međimurje and Podravina regions. These areas traditionally produce white wines. Traditionally such rattles have been set up on 25 July ( Feast of Saint James ) or on 15 August ( Assumption Day ), but also on any day in between. They have usually been taken down after

180-434: Is dependent on the wood of which the hammers and sounding boards are made, the rattle frequency depends on the number of hammers, as well as changes in wind speed. The device is used primarily to scare starlings and other birds off the vineyards so that they do not peck grapes. A folk belief also states that klopotecs drive snakes from the vineyards and soften grapes. In Catholic folk music of its region of origin, it

200-448: Is hypothesized that the name Slovenske gorice originally applied to a smaller central area of the range, between Mureck and Lenart v Slovenskih Goricah . The Slovene Hills area consists of Cenozoic hills, for the most part lower than 400 metres (1,300 ft) in elevation, and one of the most individualized landscapes of Slovenia. There are a multitude of low ridges and hills traversed by numerous river valleys, which extend from

220-436: Is known for its vineyards and wines. The central town and municipality is Lenart . The Slovene name Slovenske gorice and German name Windische Bühel(n) both mean 'Slovene Hills'; the German adjective windisch ' Wendish ' is a traditional name for Slavs in general and Slovenes in particular. The hills were attested in historical sources in 1123 as Colles (and as Puchelen in 1296 and Pücheln in 1407). It

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240-516: Is sometimes combined with an organ stop and used as a rural church instrument (e.g. in Gleisdorf parish church). The device has many names. In Slovene and Kajkavian Croatian it is called klopotec and in some dialects klapoc . Both words derive from klopotati , that is to produce cut off, rhythmic sounds. In German it is called Windradl ; ever increasing is the use of the word Klapotetz and also Klapotez . In English it could be described as

260-847: The Lacković , Celjski , Ernušt , Zrinski , Althann or Feštetić . According to the 1527 election in Cetin Međimurje fell under the rule of the Austrian Habsburgs and remained part of the Habsburg monarchy (later the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary ) until the end of the First World War in 1918. From 1720 Međimurje was officially part of the Hungarian Zala County . It was occupied in late December 1918 , and proclaimed

280-739: The Neolithic and Bronze Age . From the 1st century it was under the control of the Roman Empire and part of the province of Pannonia . In the Early Middle Ages the Slavs settled the region, which later became part of the Duchy of Pannonian Croatia , then the Kingdom of Croatia and (from 1102) the Kingdom of Croatia in personal union with Hungary . Over the centuries it was possessed by many noble families such as

300-679: The Slovenian Hills ( Slovene : Slovenske gorice , German : Windische Bühel or Windische Büheln ) is the largest hilly region of Slovenia , a smaller part is located in the Austrian province of Styria . It is situated in the northeast of the country and has an area of 1,017 square kilometres (393 sq mi). It comprises the Western Slovene Hills and the Eastern Slovene Hills (also named Prlekija ). The region

320-507: The temperature inversion . The average annual precipitation ranges from 900 to 1,000 millimetres (35 to 39 in), with the largest part falling in the growth period. In 1991, the Slovene Hills had 92,320 inhabitants, but this number is gradually falling. Larger serried settlements have formed only along Velka Creek, Globovnica Creek, and James Creek ( Slovene : Jakobski potok ). Elsewhere, farms are densely disposed in long strips along

340-477: The German ethnologist Leopold Kretzenbacher , the bird-scaring rattle is of Slovene origin. Another theory claims that it was first used in the 18th century in the fields by the French. The first written mentions of klopotec date to the second half of the 18th century, whereas its oldest depictions date to the first half of the 19th century. The device is also mentioned in the oldest Slovene social poem, Lamentation of

360-832: The hill ridges. The region has been included in the European Natura 2000 network. It is the only nesting region for the European roller ( Coracias garrulus ) in Slovenia. The green woodpecker ( Picus viridis ), the hoopoe ( Upupa epops ), the common redstart ( Phoenicurus phoenicurus ), the turtle dove ( Streptopelia turtur ), the red-backed shrike ( Lanius collurio ), and the yellowhammer ( Emberiza citrinella ) nest there as well. 46°35′N 15°55′E  /  46.583°N 15.917°E  / 46.583; 15.917 Me%C4%91imurje (region) Međimurje ( pronounced [medʑǐmuːrje] ; Hungarian : Muraköz )

380-617: The northwest towards southeast almost linearly. They border the Mura River to the east, the Drava River to the west, Croatia to the south, and the Gamlitz River in Austria to the north. The climate is a moderate continental climate with the amount of precipitation decreasing and average temperatures increasing from the west towards the east. There are also pronounced vertical differences due to

400-540: The vintage till 1 November ( All Saints Day ), but no later than on 11 November (Feast of Saint Martin ). If a husbandman forgets to take it down, the youth from the village can steal it and leave a message about the ransom that he must pay to get it back. Some of these bird-rattle devices are ornamented with small carved figurines . The traditional types which are made solely from wood are becoming more and more rare, as they are getting replaced by devices with metal elements. Slovene Hills The Slovene Hills or

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