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57-712: Kirkilas Cabinet was the 14th cabinet of Lithuania since 1990. It consisted of the Prime Minister and 13 government ministers from the Social Democratic Party , Lithuanian Peasant Popular Union , Civic Democratic Party (which split from the Labour Party ), and the Liberal and Centre Union . The minority government survived due to confidence and supply from the Homeland Union . The New Union (Social Liberals) joined
114-499: A broader sense, a head of government can be used loosely when referring to various comparable positions under a dominant head of state (especially is the case of ancient or feudal eras, so the term "head of government", in this case, could be considered a contradiction in terms). In this case, the prime minister serves at the pleasure of the monarch and holds no more power than the monarch allows. Some such titles are diwan, mahamantri , pradhan , wasir or vizier . However, just because
171-423: A constitution. In presidential republics or in absolute monarchies , the head of state is also usually the head of government. The relationship between that leader and the government, however, can vary greatly, ranging from separation of powers to autocracy , according to the constitution (or other basic laws) of the particular state. In semi-presidential systems , the head of government may answer to both
228-422: A head of government is Prime Minister . This is used as a formal title in many states, but may also be an informal generic term to refer to whichever office is considered the principal minister under an otherwise styled head of state , as minister — Latin for servants or subordinates—is a common title for members of a government (but many other titles are in use, e.g. chancellor and secretary of state). Formally
285-410: A president, chancellor, or prime minister, and the relationship between that position and other state institutions, such as the relation between the head of state and of the legislature, varies greatly among sovereign states, depending largely on the particular system of the government that has been chosen, won, or evolved over time. In most parliamentary systems , including constitutional monarchies ,
342-527: A row regarding a deposit he had withdrawn from a local bank just days before its collapse. Laurynas Stankevičius was appointed in his stead. The 1996 parliamentary election was won by the Homeland Union . The government was formed by the Homeland Union and Lithuanian Christian Democrats , with Gediminas Vagnorius appointed as the prime minister for the second time. In spring 2009, the Government survived
399-758: Is alleged that the increased personalisation of leadership in a number of states has led to heads of government becoming themselves "semi-presidential" figures, due in part to media coverage of politics that focuses on the leader and his or her mandate, rather than on parliament; and to the increasing centralisation of power in the hands of the head of government. Such allegations have been made against three former British Prime ministers: Margaret Thatcher , Tony Blair , and Boris Johnson . They were also made against Italian prime ministers Silvio Berlusconi and Matteo Renzi , Canadian prime minister Pierre Trudeau and Federal Chancellor of West Germany (later all of Germany), Helmut Kohl , when in power. The head of government
456-612: Is appointed by the president, with the assent of the Seimas. The prime minister then forms the rest of the cabinet, with the assent of the president, and the Government and its programme are subject to approval by the Seimas. The current Government started its work since November 21 and is headed by Gintautas Paluckas as the prime minister. The government is based on a coalition of the Social Democrats, Political Party "Nemuno Aušra" and Democratic Union "Vardan Lietuvos". The Government of
513-463: Is often provided with an official residence , often in the same fashion as heads of state often are. The name of the residence is often used as a metonym or alternative title for 'the government' when the office is politically the highest, e.g. in the UK "Downing Street announced today…" Well-known official residences of heads of government include: Similarly, heads of government of federal entities below
570-402: Is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state , a federated state , or a self-governing colony , autonomous region , or other government who often presides over a cabinet , a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments. In diplomacy , "head of government" is differentiated from " head of state ". The authority of a head of government, such as
627-671: The General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party ( top leader in a one-party system) has always held this office since 1993 except for the months of transition . In directorial systems , the executive responsibilities of the head of government are spread among a group of people. A prominent example is the Swiss Federal Council , where each member of the council heads a department and also votes on proposals relating to all departments. The most common title for
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#1732909916822684-574: The Lithuanian Peasant Popular Union also tried to form a government at the same time. The attempt by the latter two parties was successful and the new coalition also included the Civic Democratic Party and the Liberal and Centre Union . After the interim Prime Minister, Zigmantas Balčytis failed to gather sufficient level of support in the parliament (only 53 members of the parliament belonged to new four party coalition),
741-522: The Parliament of Lithuania was held on December 11, 2020. The following ministers are members of the Šimonytė Cabinet: The current government of Lithuania is the 18th since the restoration of independence on 11 March 1990. Kazimiera Prunskienė became the first Prime Minister of newly independent Lithuania, appointed by the Supreme Council on 17 March 1990, although the law governing the mandate of
798-542: The President Valdas Adamkus appointed Gediminas Kirkilas of the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania Prime Minister on 6 July 2006. Although the possibility of snap elections to the Seimas in 2007 was raised by spring and summer of 2006, the 14th cabinet received its mandate and started work on 18 July 2006 after the Seimas gave assent to its program (the main opposition party – the Homeland Union – abstained in
855-473: The Seimas , and the decrees of the President , manages state property and, together with the president, executes the foreign policy of the country. The Government also has the right of legislative initiative, puts together the state budget and presents it to the Seimas for approval. The Government consists of the prime minister , who is the head of government , and 14 government ministers . The prime minister
912-536: The Government supports the Government in performing Government's and Prime Minister's functions. The Office of the Government is headed by the Chancellor of the Government. Giedrė Balčytytė has served as the Chancellor since December 2020. On November 24, 2020 Ingrida Šimonytė was appointed the prime minister of the 18th government of the Republic of Lithuania since the restoration of independence in 1990. The Government
969-541: The Government. Minutes are taken and audio recordings are made of Government sittings, however, the government sittings have not been universally publicly broadcast. A Government resolution adopted in a sitting is signed by the prime minister and the Minister of the corresponding branch of the Government. The prime minister and the ministers are also entitled to attend the sittings of the Seimas, its Committees, Commissions and parliamentary groups, and to convey their opinion on
1026-511: The Republic of Lithuania exercises executive power in Lithuania. The powers of the Government are defined by the Constitution and laws of Lithuania. The Government has the responsibility to administer the affairs of the country, ensure its security and public order. It executes laws and resolutions of the Seimas as well as the decrees of the president. The government coordinates the activities of
1083-519: The Second Kubilius Cabinet started its work on 9 December 2008. The following ministers served on Kirkilas Cabinet. Government of Lithuania The Government of Lithuania , officially the Government of the Republic of Lithuania ( GRL ), is the cabinet of and exercising executive power in Lithuania. Among other responsibilities, it executes laws and resolutions of the parliament,
1140-473: The Seimas , Democratic Labor Party of Lithuania formed the government headed by Bronislovas Lubys , a prominent industrialist, who headed the government until the first presidential election and was followed by Adolfas Šleževičius . His government was mainly preoccupied with ensuring the monetary stability of the country, following years of high inflation. Šleževičius was forced to resign in February 1996, amid
1197-412: The Seimas and the president. The Government presents to the Seimas an annual report on its activities and reports to the Seimas on the execution of the budget. Upon the request of the Seimas, the Government or individual ministers must give an account of their activities. The Government is also obliged to inform the public about their activities through the internet and other media, or through meetings with
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#17329099168221254-441: The Seimas for consideration. The government also prepares a draft budget and submits it to the Seimas. The Government executes the budget approved by the Seimas. In foreign affairs, the government establishes diplomatic ties and maintains relations with foreign states and international organizations. The Government shares the responsibility for managing the foreign affairs of the country with the president. The Government proposes and
1311-402: The Seimas twice declines to give its assent to the programme of the newly formed Government, when the Seimas, in a majority secret ballot, expresses no-confidence in the Government or the prime minister, when the prime minister resigns or dies, or when a new government is formed after the elections to the Seimas. If the Seimas expresses no-confidence in the Government, the Government may propose to
1368-417: The basis of the strength of party support in the lower house; in some other states, the head of government is directly elected by parliament. Many parliamentary systems require ministers to serve in parliament, while others ban ministers from sitting in parliament (they must resign on becoming ministers). Heads of government are typically removed from power in a parliamentary system by Constitutions differ in
1425-651: The coalition became a majority government when the New Union (Social Liberals) joined after weeks of negotiations, although the party had already agreed to support the minority government in April 2007. The government continued to serve until the end of the term of the Ninth Seimas , returning its mandate on 17 November 2008, soon after the elections to the Seimas in October . The government continued to serve in an acting capacity until
1482-517: The coalition in 2008, making it a majority government.. Algirdas Brazauskas resigned as the Prime Minister of the 13th government on 1 June 2006. After this event, the Homeland Union , the Liberal Movement and the New Union (Social Liberals) tried to form a ruling coalition (which was called the "Coalition of Breakthrough") on their own, but the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania and
1539-409: The collegial Government , whose members are all appointed and dismissed at the Prime Minister's sole discretion. Under the unwritten British constitution , the prime minister 's role has evolved, based often on the individual's personal appeal and strength of character, as contrasted between, for example, Winston Churchill as against Clement Attlee , Margaret Thatcher as against John Major . It
1596-456: The government and provides (e.g. by turns) the ceremonial Head of state. The only state in which this system is currently employed is Switzerland but other countries such as Uruguay have employed it in the past . This system is described as the directorial system . See Head of state for further explanation of these cases. In parliamentary systems, government functions along the following lines: All of these requirements directly impact
1653-458: The government was only adopted on the 22 March. Her government resigned less than a year later and was followed by those of Albertas Šimėnas , Gediminas Vagnorius , Aleksandras Abišala . These early governments were primarily occupied with ensuring the diplomatic recognition and economic support for the new country and managing tensions with the Soviet Union . Following the first election to
1710-429: The head of government is the de facto political leader of the government, and is answerable to at least one chamber of the legislature. Although there is often a formal reporting relationship to a head of state , the latter usually acts as a figurehead who may take the role of chief executive on limited occasions, either when receiving constitutional advice from the head of government or under specific provisions in
1767-449: The head of government's role. Consequently, they often play a 'day to day' role in parliament, answering questions and defending the government on the 'floor of the House', while in semi-presidential systems they may not be required to play as much of a role in the functioning of parliament. In many countries, the head of government is commissioned by the head of state to form a government, on
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1824-484: The head of state and the legislature with the specifics provided by each country's constitution. A modern example is the present French government, which originated as the French Fifth Republic in 1958. In France, the president , the head of state, appoints the prime minister , who is the head of government. However, the president must choose someone who can act effectively as an executive, but who also enjoys
1881-477: The head of state can also be the head of government as well ( ex officio or by ad hoc cumulation, such as a ruling monarch exercising all powers himself) but otherwise has formal precedence over the head of government and other ministers, whether he is their actual political superior (ruling monarch, executive president) or rather theoretical or ceremonial in character (constitutional monarch, non-executive president). Various constitutions use different titles, and even
1938-411: The head of state is a figurehead whilst the head of the government leads the ruling party. In some cases a head of government may even pass on the title in hereditary fashion. Such titles include the following: In some models the head of state and head of government are one and the same. These include: An alternative formula is a single chief political body (e.g., presidium ) which collectively leads
1995-434: The head of state is the de jure dominant position does not mean that he/she will not always be the de facto political leader. A skilled head of government like 19th-century German statesman Otto von Bismarck , Minister President of Prussia and later Chancellor of Germany under Emperor / King Wilhelm I , serves as an example showing that possession of formal powers does not equal political influence. In some cases,
2052-487: The issues under consideration. The prime minister and the ministers may not hold any other offices (except being members of the Seimas), may not be employed in business, commercial and other private establishments or enterprises, and may not receive any remuneration other than the salary for their respective Government offices. The members of the Government can, however, receive remuneration for creative activities. The Office of
2109-426: The level of the sovereign state (often without an actual head of state, at least under international law) may also be given an official residence, sometimes used as an opportunity to display aspirations of statehood: Usually, the residence of the heads of government is not as prestigious and grand as that of the head of state, even if the head of state only performs ceremonial duties. Even the formal representative of
2166-421: The ministers are proposed by the prime minister and appointed by the president. Within 15 days of the appointment, the prime minister presents the Government and its programme to the Seimas for consideration. The Government receives its mandate after the Seimas gives assent to its programme in a majority vote. The Government is responsible to the Seimas for its activities. Likewise, the ministers are responsible to
2223-458: The ministries and other subordinate institutions, establishes, abolishes and controls government agencies, and submits proposals to the Seimas to establish and abolish ministries. The government disposes of the property of the state and establishes procedures for its management and use. The Government, along with the Seimas and the president, has the right of legislative initiative in Lithuania. The government prepares draft laws and presents them to
2280-538: The next election to Seimas in October 2000 . The election resulted in Rolandas Paksas, now part of Liberal Union of Lithuania , serving as the prime minister for the second time. His government, formed together with New Union (Social Liberals) , lasted only seven months before being brought down by disagreements within the coalition. New Union then joined the Government together with Social Democratic Party of Lithuania , with former president Algirdas Brazauskas as
2337-410: The people. The Government returns its mandate to the president after the Seimas elections or the elections of the president, or upon the resignation of the Government. The return of the mandate after the elections of the president is largely ceremonial and allows the newly elected head of state to verify that the Government still has the confidence of the Seimas. The Government is obliged to resign when
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2394-413: The practical reality for the Prime Minister of Belgium and the Prime Minister of Finland . Other states however, make their head of government a central and dominant figure within the cabinet system; Ireland's Taoiseach , for example, alone can decide when to seek a parliamentary dissolution, in contrast to other countries where this is a cabinet decision, with the Prime Minister just one member voting on
2451-412: The president approves Lithuania's diplomatic representatives to foreign states and international institutions. In local government, the Government appoints representatives to the municipalities to monitor whether the municipalities comply with the Constitution and laws of Lithuania and the orders of the Government. The prime minister is appointed by the president, with the assent of the Seimas. Likewise,
2508-406: The president to hold a new election to the Seimas. The president of Lithuania accepts the resignation of individual ministers. Ministers must resign when the Seimas, in a majority secret ballot, express no-confidence in them. When more than half of the ministers are changed, the Government must seek a renewed mandate from the Seimas or resign. The government of the Republic of Lithuania consists of
2565-486: The prime minister and the ministers. The prime minister represents the Government and heads its activities. When the prime minister is not available or unable to hold office, the president may charge one of the ministers to substitute for the prime minister for no more than 60 days. A minister heads his respective ministry, resolving issues belonging to the competence area of the ministry and discharging other functions provided for by law. Ministers act directly subordinate to
2622-518: The prime minister, along with the cabinet, controls domestic policy, with the president's influence largely restricted to foreign affairs. In communist states , the General Secretary of the Communist Party is the supreme leader, serving as de facto head of state and government. In China , the de jure head of government is the Premier . The Chinese president is legally a ceremonial office , but
2679-541: The prime minister. Algirdas Brazauskas became the first Prime Minister of Lithuania to remain in power after the election to Seimas in 2004 , forming the minority 13th Government with New Union and Labour Party . The Government resigned in May 2006, citing difficulties in working with the opposition. Gediminas Kirkilas served as the prime minister until the next election to the Seimas in 2008 . The coalition of Homeland Union, Liberal Movement , Liberal and Centre Union and
2736-478: The prime minister. Another member of the Government, appointed by the prime minister, may temporarily substitute for a Minister. Ministries are the structures that allow the ministers to manage the fields assigned to them. Ministries are established as public legal persons and are financed from the state budget. There are 14 ministries in Lithuania: Government agencies are established to participate in
2793-407: The range and scope of powers granted to the head of government. Some older constitutions; for example, Australia's 1900 text , and Belgium's 1830 text ; do not mention their prime ministerial offices at all, the offices became a de facto political reality without a formal constitutional status. Some constitutions make a Prime Minister primus inter pares ( first among equals ) and that remains
2850-406: The same title can have various multiple meanings, depending on the constitutional order and political system of the state in question. In addition to prime minister, titles used for the democratic model, where there is an elected legislative body checking the head of government, include the following. Some of these titles relate to governments below the national level (e.g. states or provinces). In
2907-406: The shaping of a policy and to implement such policy. Government agencies are public legal bodies financed from the state budget. Government agencies and institutions accountable to the government are: The Government resolves the affairs of state at its sittings by adopting resolutions by majority vote of all the members of the Government. The Auditor General may also participate in the sittings of
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#17329099168222964-404: The short-lived National Resurrection Party formed the 15th government of Lithuania , with Andrius Kubilius as the prime minister for the second time. Despite the deep economic crisis and taking unpopular decisions, his Government became the first Lithuanian government to last the full term of the parliament. Head of government In the executive branch, the head of government
3021-490: The suggestion. In Israel , while the Government is nominally a collegiate body with a primus inter pares role for the Prime Minister , the Israeli Prime Minister is the dominant figure in the executive branch in practice. The Prime Minister of Sweden , under the 1974 Instrument of Government , is a constitutional office with all key executive powers either directly at his or her disposal or indirectly through
3078-620: The support of France's legislature, the National Assembly , to be able to pass legislation. In some cases, the head of state may represent one political party but the majority in the National Assembly is of a different party. Given that the majority party has greater control over state funding and primary legislation , the president is in effect forced to choose a prime minister from the opposition party to ensure an effective, functioning legislature. In this case, known as cohabitation ,
3135-418: The vote of no-confidence in the Seimas, but resigned shortly thereafter, with the popular then-mayor of Vilnius Rolandas Paksas appointed to the post of Prime Minister. His government lasted only 5 months, before he publicly renounced and refused to sign the privatization agreement for Mazeikiu Nafta oil refinery, resigning as a result. Andrius Kubilius served as the prime minister from November 1999 until
3192-513: The voting). The government served as a minority government from July 2006 to January 2008. The confidence and supply agreement between the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania and the Homeland Union had fixed terms of six months, which could be extended for six months at a time. By the end of 2007, Homeland Union withdrew its support for the minority government and the search for new partnerships with other parties began. In January 2008,
3249-549: Was formed after the elections to Seimas in October 2020 and the subsequent coalition agreement between the Homeland Union-Lithuanian Christian Democrats (TS-LKD), Liberal Movement (LRLS), and Freedom Party (LP). The 18th cabinet of Lithuania was approved by the President of Lithuania on December 7, 2020. The approval of the Government Program and the swearing-in of the Government in
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