Misplaced Pages

#476523

23-468: King Oscar may refer to: People [ edit ] Oscar I of Sweden , King of Sweden and Norway Oscar II , King of Sweden and Norway Others [ edit ] King Oscar (company) , canned seafood brand Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title King Oscar . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

46-513: A quasi-official representation of the Swedish nobility until 2003. Although the Nobility remains as a legal entity it is no longer an entity of public law but merely a private association. All Noble privileges have been abolished. However, a number of entailed properties ( fidekomisser ) remain to be commuted (that is, turned into limited liability companies). The modern Centre Party , which grew out of

69-506: A work advocating prison reforms . In 1838 Charles XIV John began to suspect that his son was plotting with the Liberal politicians to bring about a change of ministry, or even his own abdication . If Oscar did not actively assist the Opposition on this occasion, his disapprobation of his father's despotic behaviour was notorious, though he avoided an actual rupture. Yet his liberalism was of

92-518: Is peasants, it included only two. Those were the skattebönder ("tax peasants"), yeomen who owned their own land and were taxed, as well as the kronobönder ("Crown farmers" or "farmers of the Crown"), who farmed land owned by the Crown. The third group, the frälsebönder ("farmers of the nobility/gentry"), who farmed land owned by the nobility, were not represented, as they were considered to be represented by their landowners. The meeting at Arboga in 1435

115-639: Is usually considered to be the first Riksdag, but there is no indication that the fourth estate, the farmers, were represented there. The constitution of 1809 divided the powers of government between the monarch and the Riksdag of the Estates, and after 1866 between the monarch and the new Riksdag . In 1866 all the Estates voted in favor of dissolution and at the same time to constitute a new assembly, Sveriges Riksdag . The four former estates were abolished. The House of Nobility ( Swedish : Riddarhuset ) remained as

138-514: The Château de Mortefontaine north of Paris. In 1807, he received his first tutor , Le Moine. As the Swedish king Charles XIII was without legitimate heirs, and Sweden therefore was without an heir to the throne , Oscar's father was proposed as a possible candidate to the Swedish throne in 1810. As one of the arguments for his election, it was argued that he already had a son and the future succession to

161-730: The Kingdom of Prussia in the First War of Schleswig by placing Swedish and Norwegian troops in cantonments in Funen and North Schleswig (1849–1850), and was the mediator of the Truce of Malmö (26 August 1848). He was also one of the guarantors of the integrity of Denmark (the London Protocol , 8 May 1852). As early as 1850, Oscar I had conceived the plan of a dynastic union of the three Scandinavian kingdoms, but such difficulties presented themselves that

184-546: The Princes of Lapland ) by actress Emilie Högquist : By Countess Jaquette Löwenhielm (née Gyldenstolpe) Oscar had a premarital daughter: In 1824 and 1833, Oscar briefly served as Viceroy of Norway . In 1832–1834 he completed the romantic opera Ryno, the errant knight , which had been left unfinished on the death of the young composer Eduard Brendler . In 1839 he wrote a series of articles on popular education, and in 1841 anonymously published Om Straff och straffanstalter ,

207-599: The Riksdag declared that he had promoted the material prosperity of the kingdom more than any of his predecessors. Oscar was born at 291 Rue Cisalpine in Paris (today: 32 Rue Monceau) to Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, then-French Minister of War and later Marshal of the Empire and Sovereign Prince of Pontecorvo , and Désirée Clary , Napoleon Bonaparte 's former fiancée. He was named Joseph after his godfather Joseph Bonaparte , who

230-663: The 1850s, Oscar's health began to rapidly deteriorate; he became paralyzed in 1857 and died two years later at the Royal Palace in Stockholm on 8 July 1859, four days after his birthday. He was buried in the traditional burial site for Swedish monarchs, the Riddarholmen Church on the islet of Riddarholmen in central Stockholm. His eldest son, who served as Regent during his absence, succeeded him as Charles XV . Swedish and Norwegian honours Foreign honours Riksdag of

253-542: The Estates The inclusion of a fourth estate, Bondeståndet , is a peculiarity of the Swedish realm, with few parallels in Europe. The English word peasant is however an inexact translation, as it did not include the entire peasantry, as it is usually defined in an English context. It did not include unlanded or semi-landed groups such as crofters, lodgers and seasonal labourers and of the three categories of Swedish bönder , that

SECTION 10

#1732902571477

276-699: The Swedish farmers' movement, could be construed as a modern representation with a traditional bond to the Estate of the Farmers. Following the Finnish War in 1809, Sweden ceded its eastmost provinces to the Russian Empire . Comprising much of present-day Finland, these became a Grand Duchy under the Emperor , but the political institutions were kept practically intact. The Finnish estates assembled in 1809 at Porvoo to confirm

299-401: The absence of a will specifying otherwise, brothers and sisters should have equal inheritance. Oscar I also formally established equality between his two kingdoms by introducing new flags with the common Union badge of Norway and Sweden , as well as a new coat of arms for the union. In foreign affairs, Oscar I was a friend of the principle of nationality ; in 1848 he supported Denmark against

322-665: The accession of Charles John to the Swedish and Norwegian thrones. Seeking to legitimise the new Bernadotte dynasty, Charles XIV John had selected four princesses as candidates for marriage, in order of his priority: Oscar would eventually marry Josephine, first by proxy at the Leuchtenberg Palace in Munich on 22 May 1823 and in person at a wedding ceremony conducted in Stockholm on 19 June 1823. The couple had five children: Oscar also had two extramarital sons (unofficially called

345-552: The change in their allegiance. This Diet of Finland followed the forms of the Swedish Riksdag, being the legislative body of the new autonomous region. However, during the reigns of Alexander I and Nicholas I it was not assembled and no new legislation was enacted. The diet was next assembled by tsar Alexander II in 1863, due to the need to modernize the laws. After this the Diet met regularly until 1905, when it passed an act forming

368-448: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=King_Oscar&oldid=1192169766 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Oscar I of Sweden Oscar I (born Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte ; 4 July 1799 – 8 July 1859)

391-587: The most cautious and moderate character, as the Opposition—shortly after his accession to the thrones in 1844—discovered to their great chagrin. The new king would not hear of any radical reform of the cumbersome and obsolete 1809 Instrument of Government , which made the king a near-autocrat. However, one of his earliest measures was to establish freedom of the press . He also passed the first law supporting gender equality in Sweden when he in 1845 declared that in

414-615: The scheme had to be abandoned. He succeeded, however, in reversing his father's favored-nation policy towards Imperial Russia . His fear lest Russia should demand a stretch of coast along the Varanger Fjord induced him to remain neutral during the Crimean War , and, subsequently, to conclude an alliance with Great Britain and the Second French Empire (25 November 1855) for preserving the territorial integrity of Sweden-Norway. In

437-516: The throne was secured. A portrait of the young Oscar was handed out at the Diet of the Four Estates assembled in Örebro to elect an heir to the throne, serving as a lever for the election of Bernadotte. On 21 August 1810, the Riksdag elected Oscar's father as heir-presumptive to the Swedish throne. Two months later, on 5 November, he was formally adopted by the king under the name of "Charles John"; Oscar

460-472: Was King of Sweden and Norway from 8 March 1844 until his death. He was the second monarch of the House of Bernadotte . The only child of King Charles XIV John , Oscar inherited the thrones upon the death of his father. Throughout his reign he would pursue a liberal course in politics in contrast to Charles XIV John, instituting reforms and improving ties between Sweden and Norway. In an address to him in 1857,

483-473: Was accompanied to Sweden by Le Moine, immediately got a teacher of Swedish and was soon able to serve as his father's interpreter. On 17 January 1816, Oscar was elected an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences , and in 1818 was appointed chancellor of Uppsala University , where he spent one semester. Oscar became Crown Prince in 1818 upon the death of his adoptive grandfather, and

SECTION 20

#1732902571477

506-583: Was married to his mother's elder sister Julie , but was also given the names François Oscar . The latter name was chosen by Napoleon after one of the heroes in the Ossian cycle of poems, and was the name that came to be used in the family, mainly by the mother and the aunt. Désirée is said to have chosen Napoleon to be Oscar's godfather . He spent his first years in France, living with his mother and aunt, partly in Paris, partly at Joseph Bonaparte's country residence,

529-509: Was then created a Prince of Sweden with the style of Royal Highness , and further accorded the title of Duke of Södermanland . Oscar and his mother moved from Paris to Stockholm in June 1811; while Oscar soon acclimated to life at the royal court, quickly acquiring the Swedish language , Désirée had difficulty adjusting and despised the cold weather. Consequently, she left Sweden in the summer of 1811, and would not return until 1823. Oscar, who

#476523