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Khushwant Singh

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131-615: Khushwant Singh FKC (born Khushal Singh , 2 February 1915 – 20 March 2014) was an Indian author, lawyer, diplomat, journalist and politician. His experience in the 1947 Partition of India inspired him to write Train to Pakistan in 1956 (made into film in 1998), which became his most well-known novel. Born in Punjab, Khushwant Singh was educated in Modern School, New Delhi , St. Stephen's College , and graduated from Government College, Lahore . He studied at King's College London and

262-464: A Bachelor of Arts , Bachelor of Science , Bachelor of Business Administration , Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Social Work . In these programs, students are taught subjects associated with the additional non-law bachelor's degree during the first two years, in addition to standard legal subjects such as torts, contracts and constitutional law, such as social sciences for the Bachelor of Arts and

393-463: A Sikh family. He was the younger son of Sir Sobha Singh , who later witnessed against Bhagat Singh , and Veeran Bai. Births and deaths were not recorded in his time, and for him his father simply made up 2 February 1915 for his school enrollment at Modern School, New Delhi . But his grandmother Lakshmi Devi asserted that he was born in August, so he later set the date for himself as 15 August. Sobha Singh

524-673: A Tory response to reassert the educational values of the established order. More widely, King's was one of the first of a series of institutions which came about in the early nineteenth century as a result of the Industrial Revolution and great social changes in England following the Napoleonic Wars . By virtue of its foundation King's has enjoyed the patronage of the monarch , the Archbishop of Canterbury as its visitor and during

655-498: A college diploma for entry. Law schools that offer civil law BCL, LLB, or LLL degrees include McGill University , Université de Montréal , Université du Québec à Montréal , Université de Sherbrooke , Université Laval and the University of Ottawa . Because of Canada's dual system of laws, some law schools offer joint or dual degrees in common law and civil law: McGill University, Université de Montréal, Université de Sherbrooke and

786-534: A military hospital in 1915 during World War I. It became the King George Military Hospital, and accommodated about 1,800 patients on 63 wards. Now the largest university building in London, the building was acquired by King's in the 1980s and underwent extensive refurbishment in 2000. The building is named after Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins for their major contributions to the discovery of

917-717: A " third-class degree ". Then he went to King's College London to study law, and was awarded an LL.B . from University of London in 1938. He was subsequently called to the bar at the London Inner Temple . Khushwant Singh started his professional career as a practising lawyer in 1939 at Lahore in the Chamber of Manzur Qadir and Ijaz Husain Batalvi. He worked at Lahore Court for eight years where he worked with some of his best friends and fans including Akhtar Aly Kureshy , Advocate, and Raja Muhammad Arif, Advocate. In 1947, he entered

1048-521: A "broad-based" legal education. Some undergraduate programmes do not offer any optional coursework. Credits in English and Afrikaans are also often included. Along with Latin , these were, but are no longer, "subjects compelled by statute", and were typically entrance requirements for the LLB, having been studied as undergraduate modules. Similarly, Roman Law was previously a preliminary course, whereas, in both

1179-464: A 50-year lease for the Aldwych Quarter site incorporating the historic Bush House . It has been occupied since 2017. In 2017, former-president and principal Edward Byrne launched Vision 2029, a strategy that seeks to broaden the base of King's, extend the reach of King's, expand access, deliver an extraordinary student experience and strengthen how well the university works together. Strategy 2026

1310-400: A Canadian university with a Quebec civil law law school enabling students to obtain the home school's law degree in three years and the exchange school's law degree in the fourth year. In Hong Kong, three universities, including The University of Hong Kong , Chinese University of Hong Kong , and City University of Hong Kong , provide legal studies with both LLB degree or JD degree. The LLB

1441-659: A JD degree. Yale graduates who received LLB degrees prior to 1971 were similarly permitted to change their degree to a JD, though many did not take the option, choosing to retain their LLB degrees. Before the degree was phased out, notable recipients of the LLB include former United States presidents Richard Nixon , Gerald Ford , and William Howard Taft ; former United States Supreme Court Justices Earl Warren , Anthony Kennedy , William Rehnquist , Ruth Bader Ginsburg , Thurgood Marshall , Sandra Day O'Connor and Stephen Breyer ; former FBI director J. Edgar Hoover ; American judge and jurist Richard Allen Posner ; as well as

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1572-587: A Military Department to train officers for the Army and the British East India Company , and in 1846 a Theological Department to train Anglican priests. In 1855, King's pioneered evening classes in London; that King's granted students at the evening classes certificates of college attendance to enable them to sit University of London degree exams was cited as an example of the worthlessness of these certificates in

1703-489: A bachelor's degree in any subject from a recognised institution. However, specialised universities of law known as National Law Universities solely devoted to legal education offer an undergraduate five-year law course for students that have completed Class XII from a recognised board of education in India. The five-year law course leads to an integrated honours degree combining the LLB degree with another bachelor's degree, such as

1834-737: A burial we give back to the earth what we have taken. He had requested the management of the Baháʼí Faith if he could be buried in their cemetery. After initial agreement, they had proposed some conditions which were unacceptable to Singh, and hence the idea was later abandoned. He was born in Hadali , Khushab District in the Punjab Province of modern Pakistan, in 1915. According to his wishes, some of his ashes were brought and scattered in Hadali . In 1943 he had already written his own obituary, included in his collection of short stories Posthumous. Under

1965-501: A civil law degree (LLL) on its own. A number of Canadian law schools allow holders of baccalaureate degrees in Quebec civil law to earn the LLB in common law in two or three semesters. Similarly, the University of Ottawa offers a one-year LLL programme in Quebec civil law for holders of an LLB or JD degree in common law from a Canadian law school. Additionally, some Canadian universities with common law law schools have an arrangement with

2096-602: A combination of physical, life and applied sciences for the Bachelor of Science. In the latter three years of all these programmes, legal subjects dominate the curriculum. The first national law school was the National Law School of India University . This was followed by others, including the Nalsar University of Law and West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences . Today, many Indian universities offer five-year integrated BA LLB programmes similar to that of

2227-622: A common law system from the British colonial period. However, unlike the United Kingdom and some other Commonwealth countries, Malaysia adopted the fused legal profession with legal practitioners acting both as solicitors and in a way "barristers" . Hence all are lawyers eligible and can be admitted to the High Court as a legal professional is entitled to be bestowed with the title "Advocate & Solicitor". This applies to both lawyers practising in

2358-497: A letter to Wellington, he accused the Duke to have in mind "insidious designs for the infringement of our liberty and the introduction of Popery into every department of the State". The letter provoked a furious exchange of correspondence and Wellington accused Winchilsea of imputing him with "disgraceful and criminal motives" in setting up King's College London. When Winchilsea refused to retract

2489-483: A literary career. As a writer, he was best known for his trenchant secularism, humour, sarcasm and an abiding love of poetry. His comparisons of social and behavioural characteristics of Westerners and Indians are laced with acid wit. He served as the editor of several literary and news magazines, as well as two newspapers, through the 1970s and 1980s. Between 1980 and 1986 he served as Member of Parliament in Rajya Sabha ,

2620-441: A newsweekly; The National Herald . He was also appointed as editor of Hindustan Times on Indira Gandhi's personal recommendation. During his tenure, The Illustrated Weekly became India's pre-eminent newsweekly, with its circulation raising from 65,000 to 400,000. After working for nine years in the weekly, on 25 July 1978, a week before he was to retire, the management asked Singh to leave "with immediate effect". A new editor

2751-503: A particular area of law, to an extent, by choosing from a range of optional courses. Some universities also require that students complete an experience based course ("Practical Legal Studies" / " Law clinic "); a credit comprising independent research exclusively is often offered as an elective, and at some universities is a degree requirement. Depending on university, the curriculum will comprise legal subjects exclusively, or may include humanities subjects so as to prepare graduates with

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2882-404: A plan he and his second almost certainly decided upon before the duel; Wellington took aim and fired wide to the right. Accounts differ as to whether Wellington missed on purpose. Wellington, noted for his poor aim, claimed he did, other reports more sympathetic to Winchilsea claimed he had aimed to kill. Honour was saved and Winchilsea wrote Wellington an apology. "Duel Day" is still celebrated on

3013-519: A plural, especially from Latin, is often done by doubling the first letter (e.g., "pp." for "pages"). The bachelor's degree originated at the University of Paris, whose system was implemented with the Bachelor of Arts degree at Oxford and Cambridge. The "arts" designation of the degree traditionally signifies that the student has undertaken a certain amount of study of the classics. In continental Europe,

3144-403: A second degree, the Bachelor of Laws (LLB), was awarded. The curriculum has since been changed and now only one four-year honours LLB degree is awarded. Some universities in the United Kingdom and New Zealand offer variations, which generally take four years to complete and include a wider range of topics as well as some degree of specialisation or the study of multiple jurisdictions, such as

3275-766: A sound understanding of the roles and responsibilities of lawyers within society. This degree is often a prerequisite for taking bar exams or qualifying as a practising lawyer , depending on the jurisdiction. Additionally, the LLB program also serves as a foundation for further legal education, such as a Master of Laws (LLM) or other postgraduate studies in law. Bachelor of Laws degrees are awarded by universities in regions including Europe , Australia , China , Hong Kong , Macau , Malaysia , Bangladesh , India , Indonesia , Japan , Pakistan , Sri Lanka, Uganda , Kenya , Ghana , New Zealand , Nigeria , Singapore , South Africa , Botswana , Israel , Brazil , Tanzania , Zambia , Zimbabwe , Malawi , and United Kingdom . In

3406-480: A time when India did not want to displease Arab nations where thousands of Indians found employment. He visited Israel in the 1970s and was impressed by its progress. Khushwant Singh was married to Kanwal Malik. Malik was his childhood friend who had moved to London earlier. They met again when he studied law at King's College London, and soon got married. They were married in Delhi, with Chetan Anand and Iqbal Singh as

3537-452: A two-year LLB degree to graduates of subjects other than law. The University of Rajshahi is the first institute in South Asia to offer a bachelor's degree in law, originally offering the B. Jur. (Bachelor of Jurisprudence) beginning in 1970. Later on, the program was replaced with an LL. B (Hons.) program. Canada has two legal systems. The Province of Quebec uses a civil law system. At

3668-549: A university degree in admission decisions. When law degrees were required by the English bar and bar associations in other common law countries, the LLB became the uniform degree for lawyers in common law countries. In most common law countries (with the exceptions of all Canadian provinces except Quebec, and the United States), the Bachelor of Laws programme is generally entered directly after completion of secondary school. The LLB

3799-515: A woman, Linetta de Castelvecchio . The end of the war saw an influx of students, which strained existing facilities to the point where some classes were held in the Principal's house. In World War II, the buildings of King's College London were used by the Auxiliary Fire Service with a number of King's staff, mainly those then known as college servants, serving as firewatchers . Parts of

3930-1066: Is Waterloo . The St Thomas' Campus in the London Borough of Lambeth , facing the Houses of Parliament across the Thames, houses parts of the School of Medicine and the Dental Institute. The Florence Nightingale Museum is also located here. The museum is dedicated to Florence Nightingale, the founder of the Nightingale Training School of St Thomas' Hospital (now King's Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care). St Thomas' Hospital became part of King's College London School of Medicine in 1998. The St Thomas' Hospital and Campus were named after St Thomas Becket . The Department of Twin Research ( TwinsUk ), King's College London

4061-477: Is 4 years in length, while JD is 2 years. Students who have an LLB or JD degree, whether conferred by local universities or the accredited universities overseas, are eligible to apply for admission to PCLL , the legal qualification programme in Hong Kong. In India , legal education is traditionally offered as a three-year graduate degree conferring the title of Bachelor of Laws, requiring prospective students to have

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4192-658: Is a public research university located in London , England. King's was established by royal charter in 1829 under the patronage of King George IV and the Duke of Wellington . In 1836, King's became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London . It is one of the oldest university-level institutions in England . In the late 20th century, King's grew through a series of mergers, including with Queen Elizabeth College and Chelsea College of Science and Technology (in 1985),

4323-524: Is a founding member of the King's Health Partners academic health sciences centre , Francis Crick Institute and MedCity . It is the largest European centre for graduate and post-graduate medical teaching and biomedical research, by number of students, and includes the world's first nursing school, the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery . King's is generally regarded as part of

4454-451: Is a postgraduate degree and is required to practice as a barrister in Ireland. At the University of Zimbabwe , the first degree in common law was the Bachelor of Laws (BL), which was equivalent to the LLB in other common law jurisdictions. It was followed by a one-year programme at the university (analogous to post-LLB vocational programmes in other common law jurisdictions) at the end of which

4585-438: Is an undergraduate law degree offered in most common law countries as the primary law degree and serves as the first professional qualification for legal practitioners. This degree requires the study of core legal subjects and jurisprudence to provide a comprehensive understanding of the legal system and its function. The LLB curriculum is designed to impart a thorough knowledge of legal principles, legal research skills, and

4716-543: Is an undergraduate course. In England and Wales it is also possible to study a programme for conversion called the Graduate Diploma in Law which allows entry to the legal profession following completion of a previous undergraduate degree unrelated to law, which entitles graduates to take the vocational courses for entry into the legal profession. Although Scotland has a mixed legal system, with both civil and common law influences,

4847-458: Is based. Its academic activities are organised into nine faculties, which are subdivided into numerous departments, centres, and research divisions. In 2022/23, King's had a total income of £1.230 billion, of which £236.3 million was from research grants and contracts. It has the fourth largest endowment of any university in the United Kingdom, and the largest of any in London. King's

4978-723: Is located in St. Thomas' Hospital. The nearest Underground station is Westminster . Denmark Hill Campus is situated in south London near the borders of the London Borough of Lambeth and the London Borough of Southwark in Camberwell and is the only campus not situated on the River Thames. The campus consists of King's College Hospital , the Maudsley Hospital and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN). In addition to

5109-656: Is located on the Strand in the City of Westminster , sharing its frontage along the River Thames . The original campus comprises the Grade I listed King's Building of 1831 designed by Sir Robert Smirke , and the King's College London Chapel redesigned in 1864 by Sir Gilbert Scott , with the subsequent purchase of much of adjacent Surrey Street (including the Norfolk and Chesham Buildings) since

5240-470: Is required to practise law in New Zealand. An LLB typically takes four years to complete, although it is often completed concurrently with another degree, such as a Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.) or Bachelor of Arts (B.A.), with the combined completion time usually being five years. Most New Zealand universities allow graduates of other degrees to complete an LLB in three years. Six New Zealand universities offer

5371-696: Is the fifth-largest university in the United Kingdom by total enrolment and receives over 69,000 undergraduate applications per year (36,000 domestic and 33,000 international). King's is a member of academic organisations including the Association of Commonwealth Universities , the European University Association , and the Russell Group . King's is home to the Medical Research Council 's MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders and

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5502-733: Is the radish of some garden.") He chose Khushwant so that it rhymes with his elder brother's name Bhagwant. He declared that his new name was "self-manufactured and meaningless". However, he later discovered that there was a Hindu physician with the same name, and the number subsequently increased. He entered the Delhi Modern School in 1920 and studied there till 1930. There he met his future wife, Kanwal Malik, one year his junior. He studied Intermediate of Arts at St. Stephen's College in Delhi during 1930-1932. He pursued higher education at Government College, Lahore , in 1932, and got his BA in 1934 by

5633-615: The Francis Crick Institute , committing £40 million to the project. The Chemistry department was reopened in 2011 following its closure in 2003. In February 2012, Her Majesty The Queen officially opened Somerset House East Wing. In September 2014, King's College London opened King's College London Mathematics School , a free school sixth form located in Lambeth that specialises in mathematics. In October 2014, Ed Byrne replaced Rick Trainor as Principal of King's College London,

5764-685: The GKT School of Medical Education . Also in 1998 Florence Nightingale 's original training school for nurses merged with the King's Department of Nursing Studies as the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery . The same year King's acquired the former Public Record Office building on Chancery Lane and converted it at a cost of £35 million into the Maughan Library , which opened in 2002. In July 2006, King's College London

5895-574: The Hepatitis D genome , and the Higgs boson ; pioneers of in-vitro fertilisation , stem cell / mammal cloning and the modern hospice movement; and key researchers advancing radar, radio, television and mobile phones. Alumni also include heads of states, governments and intergovernmental organisations; seventeen members of the current House of Commons , two Speakers of the House of Commons and thirteen members of

6026-1017: The Indian Foreign Service for the newly independent India. He started as Information Officer of the Government of India in Toronto, Canada, and moved on to be the Press Attaché and Public Officer for the Indian High Commission for four years in London and Ottawa. In 1951, he joined the All India Radio as a journalist. Between 1954 and 1956 he worked in Department of Mass Communication of the UNESCO at Paris. From 1956 he turned to editorial services. He founded and edited Yojana , an Indian government journal in 1951–1953; The Illustrated Weekly of India ,

6157-766: The Institute of Psychiatry (in 1997), the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery (in 1998). King's has five campuses: its historic Strand Campus in central London, three other Thames -side campuses (Guy's, St Thomas' and Waterloo) nearby and one in Denmark Hill in south London . It also has a presence in Shrivenham , Oxfordshire , for its professional military education, and another in Newquay , Cornwall , where its information service centre

6288-491: The Juris Doctor as a graduate-entry degree. In Bangladesh, obtaining an LLB degree is a prerequisite for practising as an advocate in a court of law. Both LLB and LLB (Hons.) degrees are offered at public and private universities. Only seven public universities offer LLB (Hons.) degree. Some private universities also offer four-year LLB (Hons.) degrees and one-year LLM courses. The National University of Bangladesh also offers

6419-695: The LLM , which Oxford retains the BCL as a master's level course, equivalent to the LLM. Some universities in the UK including Bournemouth University have a four-year LLB course, which consists of a 40-week industrial work placement. Staffordshire University also offers a two-year full-time LLB course. LLB programs in syaria and common law have been introduced by some universities in Pakistan and Malaysia. The United States no longer offers

6550-447: The Peninsular Malaysia (Malaya) and the States of Sabah & Sarawak . Under the Legal Profession Act 1976, a person is deemed to be a qualified person to be admitted as an Advocate & Solicitor if they completed and passed the course of Bar Vocational Course in UK & Wales from any Inns of Court, passed the Certificate in Legal Practice or completed a 4-year LLB (Honours) course from an accredited Malaysian university. An LLB

6681-416: The Southbank Centre in the London Borough of Lambeth and consists of the James Clerk Maxwell Building, the Franklin – Wilkins Building and the Waterloo Bridge Wing Building. Cornwall House, now the Franklin-Wilkins Building, constructed between 1912 and 1915 was originally the His Majesty's Stationery Office (responsible for Crown copyright and National Archives ), but was requisitioned for use as

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6812-474: The United States , the Bachelor of Laws was the primary law degree until the 1960s, when it was phased out in favor of the Juris Doctor ; Canada followed suit in the early 21st century. The first academic degrees were all law degrees in medieval universities, and the first law degrees were doctorates . The foundations of the first universities were the glossators of the 11th century, which were also schools of law. The first university, that of Bologna ,

6943-400: The University of Cambridge , though very specialised in purpose. With the frequent absence of parties to suits during the Crusades , the importance of the lawyer role grew tremendously, and the demand for lawyers grew. Traditionally Oxford and Cambridge did not see common law as worthy of study, and included coursework in law only in the context of canon and civil law and for the purpose of

7074-404: The " golden triangle " of universities located in the cities of Oxford, Cambridge and London. King's has often had royal patronage by virtue of its foundation, with the late Queen Elizabeth II having been patron and her son King Charles III taking over patronage in May 2024. King's alumni and staff include 14 Nobel laureates ; contributors to the discovery of DNA structure, Hepatitis C ,

7205-604: The 1829 charter (although King's remained incorporated under that charter). The act also changed King's College London from a (technically) for-profit corporation to a non-profit one (no dividends had ever been paid in over 50 years of operation) and extended the objects of King's to include the education of women. The Ladies' Department of King's College London was opened in Kensington Square in 1885, which later in 1902 became King's College Women's Department. The King's College London Act 1903 ( 3 Edw. 7 . c. xcii) abolished all remaining religious tests for staff, except within

7336-403: The Admiralty Court). Although the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge did teach canon law until the English Reformation , its importance was always superior to civil law in those institutions. "LLB" stands for Legum Baccalaureus in Latin. The "LL." of the abbreviation for the degree is from the genitive plural legum ("of laws"). Creating an abbreviation for

7467-408: The Golden Temple by the Indian Army. In 2007, the Indian government awarded Khushwant Singh the Padma Vibhushan . As a public figure, Khushwant Singh was accused of favouring the ruling Congress party , especially during the reign of Indira Gandhi . When Indira Gandhi announced nation-wide-emergency , he openly supported it and was derisively called an 'establishment liberal'. Singh's faith in

7598-400: The Guy's Campus including activity rooms, meeting rooms alongside a student cafe; The Shed and student bar; Guy's Bar. Guy's Campus is located opposite the Old Operating Theatre Museum , which was part of old St Thomas Hospital in Southwark. The nearest Underground stations are London Bridge and Borough . The Waterloo Campus is located across Waterloo Bridge from the Strand Campus, near

7729-435: The Indian political system was shaken by the anti-Sikh riots that followed Indira Gandhi's assassination , in which major Congress politicians are alleged to be involved; but he remained resolutely positive on the promise of Indian democracy and worked via Citizen's Justice Committee floated by H. S. Phoolka who is a senior advocate of Delhi High Court . Singh was a votary of greater diplomatic relations with Israel at

7860-439: The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, parts of the Dental Institute and School of Medicine, and a large hall of residence, King's College Hall, are situated here. Other buildings include the campus library known as the Weston Education Centre (WEC), the James Black Centre, the Rayne Institute (haemato-oncology) and the Cicely Saunders Institute ( palliative care ). The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute

7991-438: The Islamabad Bar Council. The Bachelor of Laws obtained from universities in Pakistan consists of a 5-year B.A. -LLB qualification. This rule was laid down by the Pakistan Bar Council in 2016 requiring 5 years of education to obtain a Bachelor of Laws qualification. This change in the legal education rules led to the abolishing of 3 year LLB programs being offered by universities in Pakistan. This rule however does not affect

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8122-411: The King's Buildings between 2004 and 2006, and renovation of the East Wing of Somerset House between 2009 (when the college secured a 78 year lease) and 2012, and the completion of the £10 million Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care on the Denmark Hill campus. More recently, a £42 million development for the Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute was completed in 2016, and a sports pavilion

8253-546: The LLB Law with French Law and Language offered by the University of East Anglia . Various universities in the United Kingdom and Australia will allow a degree that combines study with a non-law discipline. For example, some universities in the United Kingdom offer a combined study of law and history leading to a B.A. degree that is accepted by the Law Society and Inns of Court as equivalent to an LLB. The University of London External Programme in Laws (LLB) has been awarding its law degree via distance learning since 1858. At

8384-438: The LLB degree. Pakistan is a common law country and to become a lawyer in Pakistan, one needs an LLB from a Pakistani or a foreign university from common law country recognised by the Pakistan Bar Council . Lawyers in Pakistan are called advocates . An advocate has to be member of one of the provincial Bar Councils, i.e., Punjab Bar Council , Sindh Bar Council , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Bar Council , Balochistan Bar Council or

8515-424: The LLB, though some universities have introduced bachelor's degrees in legal studies, featuring curricula that include courses in constitutional law, tort law, and criminal law. These degrees may provide an accelerated pathway into the JD program, allowing students to complete both degrees in six instead of seven years. While the LLB was conferred until 1971 at Yale University , since that time, all universities in

8646-439: The Office of the President and Principal. Since 2010, the campus has expanded rapidly to incorporate the East Wing of Somerset House and the Virginia Woolf Building next to LSE on Kingsway . It has also expanded to incorporate Bush House , which formerly housed the BBC World Service . The nearest Underground stations are Temple , Charing Cross and Covent Garden . Guy's Campus is situated close to London Bridge and

8777-473: The Second World War and the 1972 Strand Building. The Macadam Building of 1975 houses the Strand Campus Students' Union and is named after King's alumnus Sir Ivison Macadam , first President of the National Union of Students . The Strand Campus houses the arts and science faculties of King's, including the faculties of Arts & Humanities , Law , Business, Social Science & Public Policy and Natural, Mathematical & Engineering Sciences. It also houses

8908-415: The Senior department teaching was divided into three courses: a general course comprised divinity, classical languages, mathematics, English literature and history; a medical course; and miscellaneous subjects, such as law, political economy and modern languages, which were not related to any systematic course of study at the time and depended for their continuance on the supply of occasional students. In 1833

9039-490: The Shard on the South Bank of the Thames and is home to the Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine and the Dental Institute. The campus is named for Thomas Guy , the founder and benefactor of Guy's Hospital established in 1726 in the London Borough of Southwark . Buildings include: the Henriette Raphael building, constructed in 1902, the Gordon Museum of Pathology , the Hodgkin building, Shepherd's House and Guy's Chapel. The Students' Union has extensive facilities on

9170-421: The Singapore Bar, graduates are minimally required to possess an LLB or JD from a recognised university. In South Africa the LLB is offered both at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. As of 1996 it is the universal and only legal qualification for legal practice, superseding the existing B.Juris. and B.Proc. degrees. The undergraduate programme, offered since 1998, requires four years of study. At

9301-484: The Solicitor's Admission Board, whose examinations rendered one eligible to be admitted respectively. The successor of these boards that still operates the alternative is the Legal Profession Admission Board , which issues the distinct Diploma in Law, equivalent to either an LLB or a JD Law degrees typically last 4 years for undergraduate admission or 3 years for university graduates. Of the thirty-eight law schools , thirteen of those universities have also started offering

9432-547: The Strand Quadrangle between the King's Building and Somerset House was announced in April 2012. This was completed in 2022. As well as the creation of new social spaces in the quadrangle, the space beneath the quadrangle was redeveloped to provide 3,000 square metres of new laboratories and teaching spaces for the department of engineering. Bachelor of Laws A Bachelor of Laws ( Latin : Legum Baccalaureus ; LL.B )

9563-521: The Strand building, the quadrangle , and the roof of apse and stained glass windows of the chapel suffered bomb damage in the Blitz . During the post-war reconstruction, the vaults beneath the quadrangle were replaced by a two-storey laboratory, which opened in 1952, for the departments of Physics and Civil and Electrical Engineering. One of the most famous pieces of scientific research performed at King's were

9694-562: The Strand designed by E. D. Jefferiss Mathews was opened in 1972. In 1980 King's regained its legal independence under a new Royal Charter. In 1993 King's, along with other large University of London colleges, gained direct access to government funding (which had previously been through the university) and the right to confer University of London degrees itself. This contributed to King's and the other large colleges being regarded as de facto universities in their own right. King's College London underwent several mergers with other institutions in

9825-564: The Theological department. In 1910, King's was (with the exception of the Theological department) merged into the University of London under the King's College London (Transfer) Act 1908 ( 8 Edw. 7 . c. xxxix), losing its legal independence. During the First World War, the medical school was opened to women for the first time. From 1916 to 1921, the college's Department of Italian was headed by

9956-524: The UK armed services through the Joint Services Command and Staff College since 2000 under contract to the Ministry of Defence . Between 1999 and 2010, more than half of King's activities were moved into new or refurbished buildings. Major projects in this period included a £40 million renovation of the former public records office to become the Maughan Library in 2002, a £40 million renovation of

10087-484: The United States have awarded the professional doctorate JD , which then became the generally standardised degree in most states as the compulsory prerequisite to sit for the bar exam prior to practice of law. Many law schools converted their basic law degree programmes from LLB to JD in the 1960s, and permitted prior LLB graduates to retroactively receive the new doctorate degrees by returning their LLB in exchange for

10218-430: The University of Ottawa. The law degree offered by McGill University is a mandatory joint common law LLB and Quebec civil law BCL degree. The programme is four years in length. Admission to that programme is a first-entry programme in the case of Quebec students while it is a second-entry programme in the case of students from other provinces (since two years of university studies is required). The University of Ottawa offers

10349-498: The academic standard of the new degree. Some universities have now discontinued the programme; in other cases undergraduate students are required to initially register as Arts, Commerce or Science students – with first year law subjects – and, in the second year of study, only those meeting specified criteria may choose to pursue the four-year LLB. The four universities under the National University of Ireland umbrella, award

10480-567: The bachelor's degree was phased out in the 18th or early 19th century but it continued at Oxford and Cambridge. The teaching of law at Oxford University was for philosophical or scholarly purposes and not meant to prepare one to practise law. Professional training for practising common law in England was undertaken at the Inns of Court , but over time the training functions of the Inns lessened considerably and apprenticeships with individual practitioners arose as

10611-412: The bar still did not require any significant educational activity or examination. Therefore, in 1846, Parliament examined the education and training of prospective barristers and found the system to be inferior to the legal education provided in the United States. Therefore, formal schools of law were called for, but not finally established until later in the century, and even then the bar did not consider

10742-548: The crucial contributions to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA in 1953 by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin , together with Raymond Gosling , Alex Stokes , Herbert Wilson , and other colleagues at the Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics at King's. Major reconstruction of King's began in 1966 following the publication of the Robbins Report on Higher Education. A new block facing

10873-414: The current House of Lords ; and the recipients of three Oscars , three Grammys , one Emmy , one Golden Globe , and one Booker Prize . King's College, so named to indicate the patronage of King George IV , was founded in 1829 (though the roots of King's medical school, St. Thomas, date back to the 16th century with recorded first teaching in 1561) in response to the theological controversy surrounding

11004-486: The day of judgement or in heaven or hell. I accept the finality of death." His last book The Good, The Bad and The Ridiculous was published in October 2013, following which he retired from writing. The book was his continued critique of religion and especially its practice in India, including the critique of the clergy and priests. It earned a lot of acclaim in India. Khushwant Singh had once controversially claimed that Sikhism

11135-420: The decision by the University of London to end the affiliated colleges system in 1858 and open their examinations to everyone. The King's College London Act 1882 ( 45 & 46 Vict. c. xiii) amended the constitution. The act removed the proprietorial nature of King's, changing the name of the corporation from "The Governors and Proprietors of King's College, London" to "King's College London" and annulling

11266-577: The degree of Bachelor of Civil Law (BCL). Four Irish universities and two Northern Irish universities award an LLB NUIG offer the LLB as a 1-year postgraduate course for holders of the Bachelor of Corporate Law or Bachelor of Arts in law degrees. Some English and Welsh universities award an LLB in Irish law. In the nineteenth century, the University of London conferred degrees of LLB on clerical and lay students at St. Patrick's College, Carlow from 1840 onwards. The King's Inns Barrister-at-Law degree B.L.

11397-485: The fact that King's is a constituent college of the University of London. All current students with at least one year of study remaining were in August 2007 offered the option of choosing to be awarded a University of London degree or a King's degree. The first King's degrees were awarded in summer 2008. In April 2011, King's became a founding partner in the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation, subsequently renamed

11528-498: The federal level, as well as in every province or territory except Quebec, a system of common law is used. Because of this, there are two types of Canadian law degrees generally in use. The programme of study for common law has traditionally been an undergraduate LLB degree, which has now been re-designated as a JD at nearly all Canadian common law schools. Entrants to the JD programme generally hold an undergraduate degree before registration in

11659-449: The first Thursday after 21 March every year, marked by various events throughout King's, including reenactments. King's opened in October 1831 with the cleric William Otter appointed as first principal and lecturer in divinity. The Archbishop of Canterbury presided over the opening ceremony, in which a sermon was given in the chapel by Charles James Blomfield , the Bishop of London , on

11790-473: The founding of "London University" (which later became University College, London ) in 1826. London University was founded, with the backing of Utilitarians , Jews and Nonconformists , as a secular institution, intended to educate "the youth of our middling rich people between the ages of 15 or 16 and 20 or later" giving its nickname, "the godless college in Gower Street". The need for such an institution

11921-495: The general course was reorganised leading to the award of the Associate of King's College (AKC), the first qualification issued by King's. The course, which concerns questions of ethics and theology, is still awarded today to students and staff who take an optional three-year course alongside their studies. The river frontage was completed in April 1835 at a cost of £7,100, its completion a condition of King's College London securing

12052-502: The graduate must obtain a licence from the Law Society of the province where they wish to practise law, which requires a year of articling . The civil law programme in Canada is three years in length. The programme of study for the first degree in Quebec civil law (called LLB, BCL, or LLL) is a first-entry degree programme. Like other first-entry university programmes in Quebec, it requires

12183-565: The headline "Sardar Khushwant Singh Dead", the text reads: We regret to announce the sudden death of Sardar Khushwant Singh at 6 pm last evening. He leaves behind a young widow, two infant children and a large number of friends and admirers. Amongst those who called at the late sardar’s residence were the PA to the chief justice, several ministers, and judges of the high court. He also prepared an epitaph for himself, which runs: Here lies one who spared neither man nor God; Waste not your tears on him, he

12314-525: The late 20th century. These including the reincorporation in 1983 of the King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, which had become independent of King's College Hospital at the foundation of the National Health Service in 1948, mergers with Queen Elizabeth College and Chelsea College in 1985, and the Institute of Psychiatry in 1997. In 1998 the United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals merged with King's to form

12445-497: The latter having served for 10 years. In December 2014, King's announced its plans to rebrand its name to 'King's London'. It was emphasised that there were no plans to change the legal name of King's, and that the name 'King's London' was designed to promote King's and to highlight the fact that King's is a university in its own right. King's announced that the rebranding plans had been dropped in January 2015. In 2015, King's acquired

12576-498: The law programme and a significant number hold a graduate-level degree as well. However, admission may be granted to applicants with two years of undergraduate studies towards a degree. Unlike the United States , the JD is considered a bachelor's degree-level qualification, albeit a "second-entry" one. The common law programme is three years in length. Upon graduation, one holds a Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degree. To practise law,

12707-668: The medical schools at the London hospitals could confer degrees. In 1835 the government announced that it would establish an examining board to grant degrees, with "London University" and King's both becoming affiliated colleges. This became the University of London in 1836, the former "London University" becoming University College, London (UCL). The first University of London degrees were awarded to King's College London students in 1839. In 1840, King's opened its own hospital on Portugal Street near Lincoln's Inn Fields , an area composed of overcrowded rookeries characterised by poverty and disease. The governance of King's College Hospital

12838-543: The national law schools of India, while others continue to offer a traditional three-year programme. Both integrated and traditional types of three-year law degrees are recognised by the Bar Council of India for to qualify for enrolment to the Bar. One needs to have a full-time law degree to practice as a lawyer in India. Distance or online education options are not available to become a practising lawyer in India. Malaysia inherited

12969-609: The nineteenth century counted among its official governors the Lord Chancellor , Speaker of the House of Commons and the Lord Mayor of London . The simultaneous support of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (who was also Prime Minister of the United Kingdom then), for an Anglican King's College London and the Roman Catholic Relief Act , which was to lead to the granting of almost full civil rights to Catholics,

13100-451: The only invitees. Muhammad Ali Jinnah also attended the formal service. They had a son, named Rahul Singh, and a daughter, named Mala. His wife predeceased him in 2001. Actress Amrita Singh is the daughter of his brother Daljit Singh's son – Shavinder Singh and Rukhsana Sultana. He stayed in "Sujan Singh Park", near Khan Market New Delhi, Delhi's first apartment complex, built by his father in 1945, and named after his grandfather. Singh

13231-451: The post- and undergraduate degree, it is now offered as an elective. The structure of the undergraduate programme is under review. The issues noted are: graduates of these programmes are seen to be less prepared for the profession as compared to those pursuing the graduate LLB; only 20% of entrants complete the programme within four years; only about 50% of graduates here enter the legal profession at all. Further, there are those who question

13362-519: The postgraduate level, the programme generally requires three years. Several South African universities offer Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Commerce degrees with a major in "Law"; graduates may then undertake a two-year postgraduate-programme. Some universities also offer a one-year programme for holders of the B.Proc. degree. The curriculum is typically structured around preliminary, core and advanced courses, and most universities also offer elective coursework. The preliminary courses acquaint

13493-416: The prominent medium of preparation. However, because of the lack of standardisation of study and of objective standards for appraisal of these apprenticeships, the role of universities became subsequently of importance for the education of lawyers in the English speaking world. In England in 1292, when Edward I requested that lawyers be trained, students merely sat in the courts and observed, but over time

13624-520: The purposes of admission as a lawyer in Australia is either the undergraduate LLB program at accredited universities, or the graduate JD (Juris Doctor). Every recognised qualification of each state admission board is reciprocally recognised by all other states. However, prior to degrees, there existed an alternative to a degree to become a lawyer in Australia, which was either the Barrister's Admission Board, or

13755-696: The recognition of LLB degrees of less than 5 years obtained from foreign universities recognised by the Pakistan Bar Council for the purposes of enrolling as an advocate in Pakistan. In Singapore, the LLB is an undergraduate degree conferred by three universities: the National University of Singapore (NUS), the Singapore Management University (SMU), and the Singapore University of Social Sciences (SUSS). Graduate JD courses are also available at all three law schools. To be called to

13886-458: The remarks, Wellington – by his own admission, "no advocate of duelling" and a virgin duellist – demanded satisfaction in a contest of arms: "I now call upon your lordship to give me that satisfaction for your conduct which a gentleman has a right to require, and which a gentleman never refuses to give." The result was a duel in Battersea Fields on 21 March 1829. Winchilsea did not fire,

14017-580: The site from the Crown. Unlike those in the school, student numbers in the Senior department remained almost stationary during King's first five years of existence. During this time the medical school was blighted by inefficiency and the divided loyalties of the staff leading to a steady decline in attendance. One of the most important appointments was that of Charles Wheatstone as professor of Experimental Philosophy. At this time neither King's, "London University", nor

14148-491: The structure of DNA. Today it is home to: The adjacent James Clerk Maxwell Building houses the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care and many of the central professional services functions of the college. The Building was named after Scottish mathematical physicist James Clerk Maxwell , who was the Professor of Natural Philosophy at King's from 1860 to 1865. The nearest Underground station

14279-522: The students with both the background and the foundations of the South African legal system , and with legal thinking and analysis in general. The core subjects are those regularly required for legal practice. The advanced courses (usually) comprise further study in these core subjects, deepening and / or broadening the student's knowledge as appropriate. The electives – often comprising these advanced courses, amongst others – allow students to specialise in

14410-403: The students would hire professionals to lecture them in their residences, which led to the institution of the Inns of Court system. The original method of education at the Inns of Court was a mix of moot court -like practice and lecture, as well as court proceedings observation. By the seventeenth century, the Inns obtained a status as a kind of university akin to the University of Oxford and

14541-405: The study of philosophy or history only. The apprenticeship programme for solicitors thus emerged, structured and governed by the same rules as the apprenticeship programmes for the trades. The training of solicitors by apprenticeship was formally established by an act of parliament in 1729. William Blackstone became the first lecturer in English common law at the University of Oxford in 1753, but

14672-465: The subject of combining religious instruction with intellectual culture. Despite the attempts to make King's Anglican-only, the initial prospectus permitted, "nonconformists of all sorts to enter the college freely". William Howley : the governors and the professors, except the linguists, had to be members of the Church of England but the students did not, though attendance at chapel was compulsory. King's

14803-589: The undergraduate LLB is the primary route into the legal profession. The Scots Law LLB is generally taken as a four-year honours course, similar to other university degrees in Scotland. Students wishing to satisfy the Law Society of Scotland requirements to become a solicitor must also complete the postgraduate Diploma in Professional Legal Practice at an approved university. A qualifying law degree for

14934-400: The universities of Oxford and Cambridge , the principal law degree remains the Bachelor of Arts, in either Jurisprudence or Law, which is equivalent to an LLB in other universities. Traditionally, the LLB at Cambridge, as well as the Bachelor of Civil Law at Oxford, were postgraduate degrees for specialising in law. The University of Cambridge , recently, replaced their LLB title with that of

15065-452: The university did not establish the programme for the purpose of professional study, and the lectures were philosophical and theoretical in nature. Blackstone insisted that the study of law should be university based, where concentration on foundational principles can be had, instead of concentration on detail and procedure had through apprenticeship and the Inns of Court. The Inns of Court continued but became less effective, and admission to

15196-691: The upper house of the Parliament of India . Khushwant Singh was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1974; however, he returned the award in 1984 in protest against Operation Blue Star in which the Indian Army raided Amritsar . In 2007, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan , the second-highest civilian award in India. Khushwant Singh was born in Hadali , Khushab District , Punjab (which now lies in Pakistan), in

15327-401: Was a "warrior branch of Hinduism ". Singh died of natural causes on 20 March 2014 at his Delhi residence, at the age of 99. The President , Vice-President and Prime Minister of India all issued messages honouring Singh. He was cremated at Lodhi Crematorium in Delhi at 4 in the afternoon of the same day. During his lifetime, Khushwant Singh was keen on burial because he believed that with

15458-475: Was a prominent builder in Lutyens' Delhi . His uncle Sardar Ujjal Singh (1895–1983) was previously Governor of Punjab and Tamil Nadu . His birth name, given by his grandmother, was Khushal Singh (meaning "Prosperous Lion"). He was called by a pet name "Shalee". At school his name earned him ridicule as other boys would mock him with an expression, "Shalee Shoolee, Bagh dee Moolee" (meaning, "This shalee or shoolee

15589-405: Was a result of the religious and social nature of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, which then educated solely the sons of wealthy Anglicans . The secular nature of London University gained disapproval, indeed, "the storms of opposition which raged around it threatened to crush every spark of vital energy which remained". The creation of King's College as a rival institution represented

15720-486: Was a self-proclaimed agnostic, as the title of his 2011 book Agnostic Khushwant: There is no God explicitly revealed. He was particularly against organised religion . He was evidently inclined towards atheism, as he said, "One can be a saintly person without believing in God and a detestable villain believing in him. In my personalised religion, There Is No God!" He also once said, "I don't believe in rebirth or in reincarnation, in

15851-689: Was a sod; Writing nasty things he regarded as great fun; Thank the Lord he is dead, this son of a gun. He was cremated and his ashes are buried in Hadali school, where a plaque is placed bearing the inscription: IN MEMORY OF SARDAR KHUSHWANT SINGH (1915–2014) A SIKH, A SCHOLAR AND A SON OF HADALI (Punjab) 'This is where my roots are. I have nourished them with tears of nostalgia ...' Television Documentary: Third World—Free Press (also presenter; Third Eye series), 1983 (UK). King%27s College London King's College London (informally King's or KCL )

15982-419: Was announced in 2022 as a refreshed path towards delivering Vision 2029, with four fundamental priorities: Enabling student success; A thriving King's staff community; Sustainable research and innovation excellence; Knowledge with purpose. In 2024, King's announced a major £45.5 million investment in science talent, research, education and infrastructure. The Strand Campus is the founding campus of King's and

16113-584: Was awarded an LL.B. from University of London . He was called to the bar at the London Inner Temple . After working as a lawyer in Lahore High Court for eight years, he joined the Indian Foreign Service upon the Independence of India from British Empire in 1947 . He was appointed journalist in the All India Radio in 1951, and then moved to the Department of Mass Communications of UNESCO at Paris in 1956. These last two careers encouraged him to pursue

16244-587: Was challenged by George Finch-Hatton, 10th Earl of Winchilsea , in early 1829. Winchilsea and his supporters wished for King's to be subject to the Test Acts , like the universities of Oxford , where only members of the Church of England could matriculate , and Cambridge , where non-Anglicans could matriculate but not graduate, but this was not Wellington's intent. Winchilsea and about 150 other contributors withdrew their support of King's College London in response to Wellington's support of Catholic emancipation . In

16375-572: Was constructed at Honor Oar Park Sportsground in 2016. The Strand Campus redevelopment won the Green Gown Award in 2007 for sustainable construction. The award recognised the "reduced energy and carbon emissions from a sustainable refurbishment of the historic South Range of the King's Building". King's was also the recipient of the 2003 City Heritage Award for the conversion of the Grade II* listed Maughan Library . A £20 million redevelopment of

16506-498: Was divided into a senior department and a junior department, also known as King's College School , which was originally situated in the basement of the Strand Campus. The Junior department started with 85 pupils and only three teachers, but quickly grew to 500 by 1841, outgrowing its facilities and leading it to relocate to Wimbledon in 1897 where it remains today, though it is no longer associated with King's College London. Within

16637-447: Was founded as a school of law by four famous legal scholars in the 12th century who were students of the glossator school in that city. The University of Bologna served as the model for other law schools of the medieval age. While it was common for students of law to visit and study at schools in other countries, such was not the case with England because of the English rejection of Roman law (except for certain jurisdictions such as

16768-458: Was granted degree-awarding powers in its own right, as opposed to through the University of London , by the Privy Council . This power remained unexercised until 2007, when King's announced that all students starting courses from September 2007 onwards would be awarded degrees conferred by King's itself, rather than by the University of London. The new certificates however still make reference to

16899-452: Was installed the same day. After Singh's departure, the weekly suffered a huge drop in readership. In 2016 Khushwant Singh enters Limca Book of Records as a tribute. From 1980 to 1986, Singh was a member of Rajya Sabha , the upper house of the Indian parliament. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1974 for service to his country. In 1984, he returned the award in protest against the siege of

17030-441: Was later transferred to the corporation of the hospital established by the King's College Hospital Act 1851. The hospital moved to new premises in Denmark Hill , Camberwell in 1913. The appointment in 1877 of Joseph Lister as professor of clinical surgery greatly benefited the medical school, and the introduction of Lister's antiseptic surgical methods gained the hospital an international reputation. In 1845 King's established

17161-694: Was opened by the Princess Royal in 2015 at the Denmark Hill Campus. It is named after British philanthropist Maurice Wohl , who had a long association with King's and supported many medical projects. The nearest Overground station is Denmark Hill . Whilst not a formal campus, King's retains an academic presence and estate at the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom in Shrivenham , Oxfordshire . Through its Defence Studies Department, King's has delivered professional military training to much of

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