24-588: Former Cambodian political party Khmer National Solidarity Party គណៈបក្សសាមគ្គីជាតិខ្មែរ Abbreviation KNSP Leader Khieu Samphan Founded April (or May) 1997 Dissolved December 1998 Preceded by Cambodian National Unity Party Ideology Democratic socialism Liberal democracy Political position Centre-left to left-wing Politics of Cambodia Political parties Elections The Khmer National Solidarity Party ( KNSP )
48-506: A 'national movement' that operated as the single political party within Cambodia. Samphan stood as a Sangkum deputy in the 1962, 1964 and 1966 elections, in which the lattermost the rightist elements of the party, led by Lon Nol , gained an overwhelming victory. During his tenure, according to Minister of Information Trinh Hoanh , he was known as "a modest man of relatively humble origins who, even while minister of economy, refused to be driven in
72-453: A Government limousine". In 1966, he then became a member of a 'Counter-Government' created by Sihanouk to keep the rightists under control. However, Samphan's radicalism led to a split in the party and he had to flee to a jungle after an arrest warrant was issued against him. At the time, he was even rumoured to have been murdered by Sihanouk's security forces. In the Cambodian coup of 1970 ,
96-520: A court in Phnom Penh to appeal against his conviction, in an attempt to overturn it. The appeal was rejected on 22 September 2022, with the guilty verdicts of genocide, crimes against humanity, and grave breaches of the Geneva Convention affirmed. • Khmer Will Party The Khmer Will Party ( KWP ; Khmer : គណបក្សឆន្ទៈខ្មែរ ) is a Cambodian political party founded in 2018. Its president
120-575: A judge under the French Protectorate government and his wife Por Kong. Samphan was of Khmer - Chinese extraction, having inherited his Chinese heritage from his maternal grandfather. When Samphan was a young boy, Khieu Long was found guilty of corruption and sentenced to imprisonment, leaving Samphan's mother to take up a living selling fruits and vegetables in Kampong Cham Province where he grew up. Nevertheless, Samphan managed to earn
144-536: A law faculty position at the University of Phnom Penh and started L'Observateur , a French-language leftist publication that was viewed with hostility by the government. L'Observateur was banned by the government in the following year and police publicly humiliated Samphan by beating, undressing and photographing him in public. Despite this, Samphan was invited to join Prince Norodom Sihanouk 's Sangkum ,
168-649: A seat at the Lycée Sisowath and was able to travel to France to pursue his university studies in Economics at the University of Montpellier , after which he earned a PhD at the University of Paris . Samphan became a member of the circle of leftist Khmer intellectuals studying at the Sorbonne , Paris, in the 1950s. His 1959 doctoral thesis Cambodia's Economy and Industrial Development advocated national self-reliance and generally sided with dependency theorists in blaming
192-418: Is different from Wikidata Articles containing Khmer-language text Khieu Samphan Khieu Samphan ( Khmer : ខៀវ សំផន ; born 28 July 1931) is a Cambodian former communist politician and economist who was the chairman of the state presidium of Democratic Kampuchea ( Cambodia ) from 1976 until 1979. As such, he served as Cambodia's head of state and was one of the most powerful officials in
216-580: The Khmer Rouge movement, although Pol Pot remained the General Secretary (highest official) in the party. Prior to joining the Khmer Rouge, he was a member of Norodom Sihanouk's Sangkum government. After the 1967 leftist rebellion , Sihanouk ordered the arrest of leftists including Samphan, who fled into hiding until the Khmer Rouge takeover in 1975. On 7 August 2014, along with other members of
240-579: The CPK hierarchy tortured and killed at Tuol Sleng ) betrayed the fundamental "moral cowardice" of a man mesmerized by power but lacking any nerve. After he left a Phnom Penh hospital where he was treated following his stroke, Samphan was arrested by the Cambodia Tribunal and charged with crimes against humanity and war crimes. In April 2008, Samphan made his first appearance at Cambodia's genocide tribunal. His lawyers, Jacques Vergès and Say Bory , used
264-622: The Cambodian People's National Liberation Armed Forces, the GRUNK military. FUNK defeated the Khmer Republic in April 1975 and took control of all of Kampuchea. During the years of Communist Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1979), Samphan remained near the top of the movement, assuming the post of president of the central presidium in 1976. His faithfulness to Pol Pot meant that he survived the purges in
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#1733086255774288-475: The Era of Democratic Kampuchea , was published; in the book, he wrote that he had worked for social justice and the defence of national sovereignty, while attributing responsibility for all of the group's policies to Pol Pot. According to Samphan, under the Khmer Rouge, "there was no policy of starving people. Nor was there any direction set out for carrying out mass killings", and "there was always close consideration of
312-847: The National Assembly voted to remove Prince Sihanouk as head of state, and the Khmer Republic was proclaimed later that year. The Khmer Rouge , including Samphan, joined forces with the now-deposed Prince Sihanouk in establishing an anti- Khmer Republic coalition known as the National United Front of Kampuchea (FUNK), and an associated government: the Royal Government of the National Union of Kampuchea (GRUNK). In this alliance with his former enemies, Samphan served as deputy prime minister, minister of defence, and commander-in-chief of
336-1170: The National Liberation of Kampuchea Norodom Ranariddh Party Party of Democratic Kampuchea Sangkum Jatiniyum Front Party Union of Cambodian Democrats Historical Democratic Party Khmer Renovation Liberal Party Pracheachon Republican Party Sangkum Social Republican Party Portal:Politics List of political parties Politics of Cambodia Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khmer_National_Solidarity_Party&oldid=1195017810 " Categories : 1997 establishments in Cambodia 1998 disestablishments in Cambodia Defunct political parties in Cambodia Khmer Rouge Political parties established in 1997 Political parties disestablished in 1998 Socialist parties in Cambodia Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
360-2223: The World . 1996. New York: Stockton. p. 109. ^ Bogdan Szajkowski (Ed.). Revolutionary and Dissident Movements of the World . John Harper Publishing. 2004. p. 54. ^ Asian Network for Free Elections. Cambodia: Struggling for Justice and Peace: Report of Missions on the 1998 Cambodian Election . 1999. p. 106. ^ Far East and Australasia 2003 . 2002. p. 236. ^ The Europa World Year Book 2004 Volume I. London: Taylor & Francis. 2004. p. 966. v t e [REDACTED] Political parties in Cambodia National Assembly Cambodian People's Party (120) FUNCINPEC (5) [REDACTED] Senate Cambodian People's Party (57) Khmer Will Party (3) Independents (2) Not represented in Parliament Beehive Social Democratic Party Cambodian Liberty Party Cambodian Youth Party Candlelight Party Grassroots Democratic Party Hang Dara Democratic Movement Party Khmer Anti-Poverty Party Khmer Democratic Party Khmer National United Party Khmer Power Party Khmer Republican Party League for Democracy Party Society of Justice Party United People of Cambodia Khmer National Solidarity Party Defunct Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party Cambodia National Rescue Party Cambodian National Sustaining Party Cambodian National Unity Party Communist Party of Kampuchea Community of Royalist People's Party Human Rights Party Khmer National Solidarity Party Khmer Neutral Party Khmer People's National Liberation Front Liberal Democratic Party Movement for
384-555: The crime of genocide against the Vietnamese people , but he was cleared of involvement in the genocidal extermination of the Chams . The judgment also emphasised that Samphan "encouraged, incited and legitimised" the criminal policies that led to the deaths of civilians "on a massive scale" including the millions forced into labour camps to build dams and bridges and the mass extermination of Vietnamese. On 16 August 2021, Samphan appeared before
408-454: The defence that while Samphan has never denied that many people in Cambodia were killed, as head of state, he was never directly responsible for any crimes. On 7 August 2014, he and Nuon Chea received life sentences for crimes against humanity. His lawyer immediately announced the conviction would be appealed. The tribunal continued with a trial on his genocide charges as a separate process. The tribunal found him guilty on 16 November 2018 of
432-631: The later years of the Khmer Rouge rule. His roles within the party suggest he was well entrenched in the upper echelons of the Communist Party of Kampuchea , and a leading figure in the ruling elite. In 1985, he officially succeeded Pol Pot as leader of the Khmer Rouge, and served in this position until 1998. In December 1998, Samphan and former Pol Pot deputy Nuon Chea surrendered to the Royal Cambodian Government. Prime Minister Hun Sen , however, defied international pressure and Samphan
456-407: The people's well-being". He acknowledged the use of coercion to produce food due to shortages. Samphan also strongly criticized the current government in the book, blaming it for corruption and social ills. Historian Ben Kiernan stated that Samphan's protestations (such as he regarded the collectivization of agriculture as a surprise, and his expressions of sympathy for Hu Nim , a fellow member of
480-615: The regime, he was convicted and received a life sentence for crimes against humanity during the Cambodian genocide , and a further trial found him guilty of genocide in 2018. He is the oldest living former prime minister and the last surviving senior member of the Khmer Rouge following the deaths of Nuon Chea in August 2019 and Kang Kek Iew (Duch) in September 2020. Samphan was born in Svay Rieng Province to Khieu Long , who served as
504-538: The ruling Cambodian People's Party led by Hun Sen prevented this from occurring. Khieu Samphan stated in 1998 of the elections that, "If the elections do not go ahead under the iron rule of Vietnamese communists and their puppet, we should be very happy and want to take part because we are democratic, pluralistic and free government." See also [ edit ] Democratic National Union Movement References [ edit ] ^ Alan John Day, Richard German, and John Campbell (ed.). Political Parties of
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#1733086255774528-634: The wealthy, industrialized states for the poverty of the Third World . He was one of the founders of the Khmer Students' Association (KSA), out of which grew the left-wing revolutionary movements that would so alter Cambodian history in the 1970s, most notably the Khmer Rouge. Once the KSA was shuttered by French authorities in 1956, he founded yet another student organization, the Khmer Students' Union . Returning from Paris with his doctorate in 1959, Samphan held
552-640: Was a Cambodian political party founded in May 1997 by senior Khmer Rouge leader Khieu Samphan after he denunciated Pol Pot and as he began distancing himself from the Khmer Rouge . Khieu Samphan was formerly the leader of the Cambodian National Unity Party . Khieu Samphan had announced the new party to back the National United Front proposed by Prince Norodom Ranariddh for the 1998 Cambodian parliamentary election . Still, opposition from
576-405: Was not arrested or prosecuted at the time of his surrender. On 13 November 2007, the 76-year-old Samphan reportedly suffered a stroke. This occurred one day after the former Khmer Rouge Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Ieng Sary and his wife were arrested for war crimes committed while they were in power. At about the same time, a book by Samphan, Reflection on Cambodian History Up to
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