Misplaced Pages

#897102

32-662: Khmelnytskyi Nuclear Power Plant is connected to the Rzeszów–Khmelnytskyi powerline , one of three 750 kV lines running between Ukraine and the European Union. On two occasions in November 2023, explosions were heard near the Khmelnitsky Nuclear Power Plant and its two Soviet-era reactors, which was assumed to be the result of near-misses by Russian missile attacks on or near the facility. Construction of

64-504: A contract to construct the first Westinghouse AP1000 reactor in Ukraine at the Khmelnytskyi plant. In May 2022, Energoatom stated that the full scale Russian invasion going on since February and occupations of other power stations had not changed their ambitions to construct these units. They are still working with Westinghouse to construct two AP1000 reactors at the site. Employees from

96-481: A crossbar at which the conductor is led around the structure on a huge insulator. The line crosses at 50°3′24″N 25°22′5″E  /  50.05667°N 25.36806°E  / 50.05667; 25.36806  ( Crossing of 750 kV-Powerline Widelka-Khmelnytskyi Nuclear Power Plant with 750 kV-Powerline Zakhidnoukrainska-Rivne Nuclear Power Plant ) the 750 kV powerline from Zakhidnoukrainska Substation to Rivne Nuclear Power Plant , which may be

128-648: A disturbance or outage). The Third Energy Package and Regulation (EC) No 714/2009 on conditions for access to the network for cross-border exchanges in electricity regulation stipulate ENTSO-E's tasks and responsibilities. Regulation (EU) 838/2010 on guidelines relating to the inter-TSO compensation mechanism sets out the methodology by which TSOs receive compensation for the costs incurred in hosting cross-border flows of electricity. Regulation (EU) 347/2013 on guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure defines European Projects of Common Interest (PCIs) identifies ENTSO-E's ten-year network development plan (TYNDP) as

160-458: A successor of six regional associations of the electricity transmission system operators. ENTSO-E became operational on 1 July 2009. The former associations ETSO, ATSOI, UKTSOA, NORDEL, UCTE and BALTSO became a part of the ENTSO-E, while still offering data by their predecessors for public interest. Creation of ENTSO-E was initiated by the adoption of the European Union third legislative package on

192-883: Is defined by the Third Package . ACER develops a framework guideline setting the policy choices for each code. On this basis, the codes are drafted by ENTSO-E in consultation with stakeholders. After ACER's opinion and recommendation for adoption, each code is submitted to the European Commission for approval through the Comitology process , i.e., to be voted on by Member State representatives and thus to become EU law, directly binding and implemented across all Member States. ENTSO-E's Central Information Transparency Platform provides free access to fundamental data and information on pan-European wholesale energy generation, transmission, and consumption. ENTSO-E's R&D Roadmap provides

224-543: Is financed by its members. The TSOs contribute to the budget according to the number of countries and the population served. The highest body of ENTSO-E is the Assembly, which is composed of representatives at CEO level of all the currently 43 members. The ENTSO-E Board is elected every two years from the overall membership and through the Assembly. It includes 12 representatives. The president, vice president, and committee chairs are invited to board meetings. The board coordinates

256-594: Is operational at 400 kV. It has a length of 395 kilometres (245 mi), of which 281 km (175 mi) in Ukraine and 114 km (71 mi) in Poland. It runs from Widełka substation near Rzeszów in Poland to Khmelnytskyi Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine. It is an AC line and has a single circuit. It can transfer a maximum power of 1300 MVA. As guyed portal pylons are used, strainers are from special design. They consist of three free-standing lattice towers each carrying one conductor. Each strainer tower has

288-478: Is synchronous within each area, and a disturbance at one single point in the area will be registered across the entire zone. Individual synchronous areas are interconnected through direct current interconnectors . The benefits of synchronous areas include pooling of generation capacities, common provisioning of reserves, both resulting in cost-savings, and mutual assistance in the event of disturbances, resulting in cheaper reserve power costs (for instance in case of

320-580: Is the basis for the selection of EU projects of common interest (PCIs). The list of PCIs is not fixed by ENTSO-E and is subject to a different process led by the European Commission and EU Member States. The TYNDP is updated every two years. For inclusion in the TYNDP, each project, whether transmission or storage, has to go through a cost–benefit analysis. The benefit analysis methodology is developed by ENTSO-E in consultation with stakeholders and adopted by

352-610: The Burshtyn TES energy island which operates on the European power grid , to facilitate exports to Poland and Hungary. In 2019 the Ministry of Energy created a consortium, Ukraine Power Bridge Company Limited, to progress the project, but as of 2020 the project was not agreed. In 2022 Ukraine's grid had synchronised with the European grid and restoration work on the line began. As of 2023, it

SECTION 10

#1732875974898

384-698: The EU's Third Package for the Internal energy market in 2009, which aims at further liberalising the gas and electricity markets in the EU. Ukrainian Ukrenergo became the 40th member of the association on 1 January 2024. On 27 June 2008, 36 European electricity transmission system operators (TSOs) signed in Prague a declaration of intent to create the ENTSO-E. ENTSO-E was established on 19 December 2008 in Brussels by 42 TSOs as

416-513: The European Union internal electricity market are entities operating independently from the other electricity market players (unbundling). ENTSO-E contained 40 Member TSOs from 36 countries as of January 2024. Due to Brexit three Great Britain based operators left and only Northern Ireland's SONI remains from the UK. On 26 April 2022 Ukrenergo signed an observer membership agreement and became

448-400: The bulk transmission of electric power on the main high voltage electric networks. TSOs provide grid access to the electricity market players (i.e., generating companies, traders, suppliers, distributors, and directly connected customers) according to non-discriminatory and transparent rules. In many countries, TSOs are in charge of the development of the grid infrastructure, too. TSOs in

480-586: The synchronous grid of Continental Europe (UCTE). However, there was a plan to re-activate this line after 2010 by constructing a back-to-back conversion station on the Polish end of the line, but this was not implemented. In 2016 Energoatom announced it was considering disconnecting unit 2 of the Khmelnytskyi Nuclear Power Plant from the Ukrainian power grid and using the powerline to connect to

512-658: The 40th member of ENTSO-E on 1 January 2024. On 14 January 2016 TEİAŞ signed an agreement with ENTSO-E to become first observer member, the agreement expired in January 2019. On 13 December 2022 TEİAŞ signed a new Observer Membership Agreement that will run for a period of three years. The geographical area covered by ENTSO-E's member TSOs is divided into five synchronous areas and two isolated systems (Cyprus and Iceland). Synchronous areas are groups of countries that are connected via their respective power systems. The system frequency (50 Hz, with usually very minor deviations)

544-488: The ENTSO-E Transparency Platform. ENTSO‑E does not class as a "public sector body" under the meaning provided in the 2019 Open Data Directive . The ten-year network development plan 2016 (TYNDP) is drafted by ENTSO-E, in close cooperation with stakeholders, under scrutiny of ACER and is finally adopted by the European Commission . It is the only existing pan-European network development plan. It

576-475: The ENTSO-E vision on grid projects to be carried out by TSOs to meet EU objectives. The roadmap is supported by the annual R&D Implementation Plan, which combines both top-down and bottom-up approaches in meeting the requirements of the roadmap. ENTSO-E publishes annually a R&D Monitoring Report that assesses the progress of TSO-related R&D work. ENTSO-E is an international non-profit association ( AISBL ) established according to Belgian law. ENTSO-E

608-485: The European Commission. It assesses projects against socio-economic and environmental criteria. ENTSO-E publishes summer and winter adequacy outlooks, as well as a mid-term resource adequacy assessment, the European Resource Adequacy Assessment (ERAA). The seasonal outlooks assess if there is enough generation to cover supply and highlight possibilities for neighbouring countries to contribute to

640-579: The Russia-occupied Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant will be hired on these new reactors. Rzesz%C3%B3w%E2%80%93Khmelnytskyi powerline The Rzeszów–Khmelnytskyi powerline is an electrical power transmission line between Ukraine and Poland . It is the only 750 kV-powerline in Poland, and one of a few in the European Union. The decision to build this powerline was made in 1977 and it went in operation in 1985. The line went out of service after Poland joined

672-495: The Ukrainian government of Arseniy Yatseniuk formally terminated the agreement with Russia in September 2015. In August 2016 an agreement with Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power was made to assist with the completion of reactors 3 and 4, but little progress was made. In 2020 a Ukrainian working group assessed the safety of the old cranes on the site needed to progress construction work. Energoatom considered disconnecting unit 2 from

SECTION 20

#1732875974898

704-536: The Ukrainian power grid and connecting it to the Burshtyn energy island centered around the coal powered Burshtyn TES , which up to 2022 was the only part of Ukraine connected to the European power grid , to facilitate exports to Poland and Hungary. In 2019 the Ministry of Energy created a consortium, Ukraine Power Bridge Company Limited, to progress the project, but as of 2020 the project was not agreed. In late November 2021, Energoatom and Westinghouse Electric agreed on

736-523: The basis for the selection of PCIs. ENTSO-E is also mandated to develop a corresponding cost–benefit methodology for the assessment of transmission infrastructure projects. The Transparency Regulation (EU) No. 543/2013   on submission and publication of data in electricity markets makes it mandatory for European Member State data providers and owners to submit fundamental information related to electricity generation, load, transmission, balancing, outages, and congestion management for publication through

768-505: The committees and LRG work and implements Assembly decisions. ENTSO-E has established four specialized committees composed of managers from member TSOs. Each committee leads a number of regional groups and working groups. At the same level as the four committees, the transversal Legal & Regulatory Group advises all ENTSO-E bodies on legal and regulatory issues. In addition, expert groups on data, network codes implementation, and EU affairs provide specific expertise and work products to

800-566: The first reactor started under the Soviet Union in 1981 and the first unit was put in operation in late 1987. Construction of the second reactor started in 1983 with plans to finish it in 1991. In 1990, however, construction was stopped as part of a moratorium on new plant construction introduced due to public mistrust following the Chernobyl disaster . Construction was completed only in August 2004 after

832-433: The gas and electricity markets . In 2003, the European Commission conducted a sector inquiry concerning the competition of electricity market in six European countries. Examining competition in these countries, the final report stated serious issues to be solved. It was noticed that the integration between member state's markets is still insufficient. Additionally, the absence of transparently available market information

864-418: The generation/demand balance in critical situations in a specific country. The ERAA analyses resource adequacy on the decade ahead, accounting for investment and retirement decisions. ENTSO-E's network codes are binding pan-European rules drafted by ENTSO-E in consultation with stakeholders, with guidance from ACER . Network codes are grouped in three areas: The drafting and adoption process of network codes

896-599: The integration of renewable energy sources (RES) such as wind and solar power into the power system, and the completion of the internal energy market (IEM), which is central to meeting the European Union’s energy policy objectives of affordability, sustainability and security of supply. [...] ENTSO-E aims to be the focal point for all technical, market and policy issues relating to TSOs and the European network, interfacing with power system users, EU institutions, regulators and national governments." TSOs are responsible for

928-448: The moratorium was lifted. Since 1992, it has been guarded by the 3rd NPP Protection Battalion . Two more VVER-1000 reactors were under construction: Construction of the third reactor started in September 1985 and the fourth reactor in June 1986. Construction was stopped in 1990 when they were 75% and 28% complete, respectively. An intergovernmental agreement on the resumption of construction

960-513: The only crossing of two 750 kV powerlines in Europe. European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity ENTSO-E , the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity , represents 40 electricity transmission system operators (TSOs) from 36 countries across Europe, thus extending beyond EU borders. ENTSO-E was established and given legal mandates by

992-452: Was assessed. As a result, the third legislative package on the EU gas and electricity markets was adopted by the European Commission in September 2007. According to its website, "ENTSO-E promotes closer cooperation across Europe’s TSOs to support the implementation of EU energy policy and achieve Europe’s energy & climate policy objectives, which are changing the very nature of the power system. The main objectives of ENTSO-E centre on

Khmelnytskyi Nuclear Power Plant - Misplaced Pages Continue

1024-471: Was signed between Ukraine and Russia in June 2010. On 10 February 2011, Energoatom and Atomstroyexport signed a contract agreement for the completion of reactors 3 and 4. They should have been commissioned in 2018 and 2020, respectively. Feasibility study of reactors 3 and 4 was conducted by Kyiv Institute Energoproekt. Following the Russian attack on Ukraine going on since February 2014 with varying intensity

#897102