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46-603: King Phutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I) founded the city as the capital of his new Rattanakosin Kingdom in 1782. Before Bangkok became the capital of Thailand, the capital city was Thonburi . The old city straddled the Chao Phraya, but was mainly settled on the western bank where the royal palace and other institutions were situated. The eastern bank was mostly home to Chinese and Vietnamese (forced) settlers. When Phutthayotfa Chulalok established himself as king, he re-established

92-517: A monk temporarily, in accordance with Siamese custom. In 1760, he married Nak , daughter of a town patron in Samut Sakorn. He was later appointed the Luang Yokkrabat (deputy governor) of Ratchaburi Province by King Ekkathat in 1758. On the eve of the fall of Ayutthaya, Phraya Wachiraprakan (later King Taksin ) had foreseen that the fall of the city was certain. Wachiraprakan decided to break

138-532: A natural border. The Mae Klong flows through the centre of Ratchaburi town. Ratchaburi province is a medium-sized province with an area of about 5,196 square kilometres (2,006 sq mi). The eastern part of the province contains the flat river plains of the Mae Klong, crisscrossed by many khlongs . The most famous tourist spot in this area is the Damnoen Saduak Floating Market . The west of

184-458: A new city wall on the left bank of the Mae Klong River until the present. In the reign of King Rama V in 1894, has changed the government and included the city that are close together to set up as counties and included the city of Ratchaburi, Kanchanaburi, Samut Songkhram, Phetchaburi, Pran Buri and Prachuap Khiri Khan to set up as Ratchaburi county. Hill tribes , mostly Karen living near

230-662: A note. Ánh managed to recapture Saigon by 1788 and later ascended as Emperor Gia Long in 1802. In 1794, upon Ang Eng's majority, Rama I reinstalled him as the Neareay Reachea III. The area around Siem Reap and Battambang was annexed by Siam, and were governed by Abhaya Bhubet. However, Rama I allowed these territories to be ruled in accordance with Cambodian traditions. Soon King Bodawpaya of Burma started to pursue his ambitious campaigns to expand his dominions over Siam. The Burmese–Siamese War (1785–1786) , also known in Siam as

276-462: A revival of Siamese culture and state organization following the collapse of the Siamese kingdom in 1767, whose capital was then situated at Ayutthaya. He established a new purified Buddhist sect which allied and tied together Buddhism and the monarchy. Rama I consolidated and expanded on Taksin's military campaigns throughout Mainland Southeast Asia, whose mandala in 1809 stretched as far North and South as

322-502: A strategic plan and under it recaptured Ayutthaya in one year. In 1768 Taksin crowned himself and founded the Kingdom of Thonburi on the west bank of the mouth of the Chao Phraya river, using Thonburi as a new capital. Under the new Thonburi regime, Thongduang was appointed head of the royal police department, bearing the title Phra Ratcharin . After subjugating the warlord of Phimai with his brother Bunma (at that time called Phra Mahamontri,

368-467: Is "Beautiful women of Photharam. Exquisite women of Ban Pong. City of dragon jars. Nang Yai of Wat Khanon. Sensational caves. Damnoen (Saduak) floating market. Amazing millions of bats. The area of good taste Jullien's golden carp ." The provincial flower is the Pink Shower Tree ( Cassia bakeriana ), and the provincial tree is Wrightia pubescens . Jullien's golden carp ( Probarbus jullieni )

414-794: Is divided into 10 districts ( amphoes ). The districts are further subdivided into 104 sub-districts ( tambons ) and 935 villages ( mubans ). As of 26 November 2019 there are: one Ratchaburi Provincial Administration Organisation ( ongkan borihan suan changwat ) and 34 municipal ( thesaban ) areas in the province. Ratchaburi, Ban Pong, Tha Pha and Photharam have town ( thesaban mueang ) status. Further 30 subdistrict municipalities ( thesaban tambon ). The non-municipal areas are administered by 77 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO ( ongkan borihan suan tambon ). Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using

460-628: Is divided into three parts. First, the border in the west which is shared with Myanmar and is about 60 kilometres (37 mi) long. The second contains the Tenasserim mountains and forests with an elevation of about 200–300 meters. The central area of the province is rich in wetlands due to river flow. Ratchaburi has important natural resources in its forest of which it covers an area of 1,711 km (661 sq mi) or 33 percent of provincial area. Moreover, it has minerals such as tin, tantalum, feldspar, quartz, limestone, and marlstone. The history of

506-660: Is on the banks of the Mae Klong River and was a town of the Suvarnabhumi Kingdom. From the evidence of archaeological sites and many antiquities, believed that people have settled in this area since the Middle Stone Age , as well as discovering an ancient city in the Dvaravati period at Mueang Ratchaburi district . King Rama I used to take a position of Royal Yokkrabat of Ratchaburi in the late Ayutthaya period . In

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552-583: Is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces ( changwat ) lies in Western Thailand . Neighbouring provinces are (from north clockwise) Kanchanaburi , Nakhon Pathom , Samut Sakhon , Samut Songkhram and Phetchaburi . In the west it borders the Tanintharyi Region of Myanmar . Ratchaburi is 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of Bangkok and borders Myanmar to the west with the Tenasserim Hills as

598-789: Is the provincial fish, same as neighbouring province Kanchanaburi, that has good taste and flourished in the Mae Klong River in the past, but is now critically endangered . The main railway station in Ratchaburi is Ratchaburi railway station . Ratchaburi Hospital is the main and largest hospital of the province, classified as a regional hospital by the Ministry of Public Health . In the lower tier, three general hospitals are located in Ratchaburi: Ban Pong Hospital , Photharam Hospital and Damnoen Saduak Hospital . The remaining six districts are served by community hospitals. The province

644-699: The Shan States and the Northern Malay Peninsula and as far East as the Annamite Range , respectively. His reign also marked the beginning of a new "Golden Age of Culture", which continued in the footsteps of the blossoming of the arts during the Late Ayutthaya Period. Like other high-ranking figures of old Siam, Rama I's name changed several times during his lifetime, depending on his respective position, and even posthumously. His name at birth

690-510: The "Nine Armies War" because the Burmese came in nine armies, broke out. The Burmese soldiers poured into Lanna and Northern Siam. Siamese forces, commanded by Kawila, Prince of Lampang , put up a brave fight and delayed the Burmese advance, all the while waiting for reinforcements from Bangkok. When Phitsanulok was captured, Anurak Devesh the Rear Palace , and Rama I himself led Siamese forces to

736-629: The Chakri dynasty the name Rama together with the respective ordinal number. So this king is Rama I in Western literature. In 1982, 200 years after his accession, the Thai cabinet decided to award him the epithet Maharat (" The Great "). Thongduang was born in 1737 in the reign of King Boromakot of Ayutthaya. His father was Thongdi , a Mon noble serving the royal court (posthumously raised to Somdet Phra Prathom Borommahachonnok – "the grand primordial father") who

782-482: The Chao Phraya river for several reasons, including its better strategic location and a desire to promote his legitimacy by starting from a clean slate. He decided to name his new capital "Rattanakosin" ("Keeping place of the Emerald Buddha "). Rama I also raised various members of his family to royalty. He appointed his brother Surasi (Anuchit Raja) or Maha Sura Singhanat as the " Front Palace " (conventional title of

828-461: The Myanmar border, make up about one percent of the population. Some Mon , Lawa , Lao , Chinese and Khmer minorities live in the province. Ratchaburi is 98.3 percent Buddhist. The provincial seal shows the royal sword above the royal sandals on a phan , as the name Ratchaburi means 'city of the king'. The name derives from the fact that King Rama I was born here. The provincial slogan

874-513: The Phraya Sun with his forces. Later sources widely reported that the general eventually executed the ousted Taksin, contradicting to some earlier sources. He then seized power and made himself King, establishing the Chakri dynasty , which continues to rule Thailand to this day. General Maha Kasatsuek crowned himself on 6 April 1782. Soon after, he decided to move the capital of Siam to the east bank of

920-454: The Siamese forces to face Bodawpaya. The fighting was very short and Bodawpaya was quickly defeated. This short war was called the Tha Din Daeng campaign . King Rama I died on 7 September 1809 after a short but acute illness; he was succeeded by his son Prince Isarasundhorn as Buddha Loetla Nabhalai or Rama II. Siam during the reign of Rama I reached a new height of power not seen since

966-503: The Siamese in the same year. He was eventually raised to Somdet Chao Phraya Maha Kasatsuek , the first official to ever hold this rank. In 1781, he went on the campaigns against Cambodia, only to return prematurely due to the instability of Thonburi. The rebellion of Phraya Sun had broken out and the rebels deposed King Taksin. Some sources report that Taksin was consigned to a monastery. After arriving in Thonburi in 1782, Chao Phraya defeated

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1012-443: The capital on the eastern bank, relocating the prior settlers to the area between Wat Sam Pluem and Wat Sampheng. (The area is now Bangkok's Chinatown .) Fortifications were ordered to be rebuilt, and canals extended to form moats around the fortified city. The inner moat, created by connecting Rong Mai Canal and Talat Canal, is now known as Khlong Khu Mueang Doem (lit. old city moat canal ). Khlong Rop Krung ( canal encircling city )

1058-519: The citizens of the area to take up arms against the Burmese; his campaign was also successful. Phra Maha was later raised to the nobility by Rama I. As his armies were destroyed, Bodawpaya retreated. The next year, he attacked again, this time constituting his troops as a single army. With this force Bodawpaya passed through the Chedi Sam Ong pass and settled in Tha Din Daeng. The Front Palace marched

1104-518: The city of Ratchaburi dates back to the Dvaravati period, when it was an important city of the Mon Kingdom. Of the city of Khu Bua nearby only ruins remains. According to legend it dates back to the mythical Suvannabhumi Kingdom predating Dvaravati. "Ratchaburi" means 'the land of the king'. Ratchaburi dates back to ancient times and was important during the Dvaravati period. The city of Ratchburi

1150-521: The founder of Rattanakosin (now Bangkok ) as the new capital of the reunited kingdom. Rama I, whose given name was Thongduang, was born from a Mon male line descent family, great-grandson of Kosa Pan . His father served in the royal court of the Ayutthaya Kingdom . Thongduang and his younger brother Boonma served King Taksin in wars against the Burmese Konbaung dynasty and helped him in

1196-480: The future Maha Sura Singhanat ), he was raised to Phraya Aphairanarit . After the campaign to subdue the lord of Fang in 1769, Thongduang was raised to Phraya Yommarat and in the next year became Chao Phraya Chakri – the Samuhanayok (chief minister of the northern provinces). Chakri commanded the Siamese troops in the wars against Burma and went on to subjugate Cambodia . His brother Bunma (who by that time held

1242-620: The last of the Nguyễn Lords , Nguyễn Ánh , convinced Rama I to give him forces to attack Vietnam, which was then under the control of the Tây Sơn brothers. However, the joint Nguyễn-Siam fleet was destroyed in the Battle of Rach Gam–Xoai Mut in the Mekong Delta region. Nguyễn's appeal for Siamese assistance enabled the Siamese to exert considerable political influence over Nguyễn's court. Mac Tu Sinh ,

1288-491: The late Ayutthaya period and early Rattanakosin period , there is historical evidence that Ratchaburi is an important frontier city, It is a battlefield for many ages. Especially during the reign of King Rama I has brought troops to set up the Burmese battle in Ratchaburi area many times, the most important one was the Burmese–Siamese War (1785–1786) . Later in 1817, In the reign of King Rama II has ordered to build

1334-598: The left bank of the Phachi is the Chaloem Phrakiat Thai Prachan National Park , 329 km (127 sq mi), along with eight other national parks, make up region 3 (Ban Pong) of Thailand's protected areas. There is one wildlife sanctuary, along with two other wildlife sanctuaries, make up region 3 (Ban Pong) of Thailand's protected areas. Mae Nam Phachi Wildlife Sanctuary, 489 km (189 sq mi). The area of Ratchaburi province

1380-422: The local people and successfully defended Thalang against the Burmese. Today, Chan and Mook are revered as heroines because of their opposition to the Burmese invasions. In their own lifetimes, Rama I bestowed on them the titles Thao Thep Kasattri and Thao Sri Sunthon . The Burmese proceeded to capture Songkhla . Upon hearing the news, the governors of Phatthalung fled. However, a monk named Phra Maha encouraged

1426-458: The north. The Siamese relieved Lampang from the Burmese siege. In the south, Bodawpaya was waiting at Chedi Sam Ong ready to attack. The Front Palace was ordered to lead his troops to the south and counter-attack the Burmese coming to Ranong through Nakhon Si Thammarat . He brought the Burmese to battle near Kanchanaburi . The Burmese also attacked Thalang ( Phuket ), where the governor had just died. Chan, his wife, and her sister Mook gathered

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1472-581: The province is more mountainous, and includes the Tenasserim Hills. As the mountains are made mostly of limestone , there are several caves containing stalactites . Some caves are inhabited by large colonies of bats , and it is an impressive sight when they swarm out in the evening to feed. Other caves like the Khao Bin are accessible for visitors. The main river of the western part is the Phachi River . On

1518-437: The reunification of Siam. During this time he emerged as Siam's most powerful military leader. Thongduang was the first Somdet Chao Phraya , the highest rank the nobility could attain, equaled to that of royalty. In 1782, he took control of Siam and crowned himself as the monarch. The most famous event in his reign was the Burmese–Siamese War (1785–1786) , which was the last major Burmese assault on Siam. Rama I's reign marked

1564-713: The sides of the Emerald Buddha at Wat Phra Kaeo and dedicated one each to his father and grandfather. He demanded to refer to his two predecessors using the names of these Buddha statues. The one dedicated to the first Chakri king was named Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok ("the Buddha on top of the sky and the crown of the worlds"). This is how this king is still referred to in Thai history books. His descendant Vajiravudh (Rama VI) who had studied in England, realised that most Siamese kings' names were difficult to reproduce and remember for Westerners. He therefore disposed to use for all kings of

1610-648: The siege of the city of Ayutthaya by the Burmese army and establish a new base outside. Phraya Ratchaburi also joined this venture. In 1767, Ayutthaya under King Ekkathat fell to Burmese invaders, the city was completely destroyed; burned and looted. Local warlords rose up to establish their supremacy in the absence of a central authority. Despite the fall of Ayutthaya, Taksin and his men in the same year managed to capture Chantaburi and Trat . During this time Phraya Ratchaburi became one of Taksin's six ministers and together with Phraya Pichai they were regarded by Taksin as his two most valuable generals. Swiftly Taksin made

1656-851: The sixteenth century. Militarily Siam was able to successfully repel Burmese invasions and exerted control over Laos and Cambodia and Vietnam. Culturally Rama I also encouraged cultural works to rehabilitate people after the successive series of wars and built many temples and monuments during his reign. His policies laid the foundation for Siam to expand within the next decades. Chakri dynasty Kings Viceroys Deputy Viceroy Crown Prince Hereditary Prince Royalty Siamese Foreigners Key events Thonburi dynasty Kings Royalty Siamese Foreigners Key events [REDACTED] Ratchaburi Province Ratchaburi province ( Thai : จังหวัดราชบุรี , pronounced [t͡ɕāŋ.wàt râːt.t͡ɕʰā.bū.rīː] ) or Rat Buri ( pronounced [râːt bū.rīː] )

1702-576: The son of Mạc Thiên Tứ and his Siamese wife, was raised among the Siamese, and held office as the governor of Hà Tiên until his death in 1787. Ngo Ma, a general of Siamese descent, was appointed as its acting governor in Mac's place. Nguyễn Ánh also took refuge in Siam at the King's court waiting for the opportunities to defeat Tây Sơn. These episodes demonstrated Rama I's willingness to extend Siamese power beyond his Kingdom. In Cambodia , King Reamraja (Ang Non II)

1748-882: The throne in 1782, he took the name Ramathibodi , just like the founder of the Ayutthaya Kingdom . His full title was much longer ( Phra Borommarachathirat Ramathibodi Sisin Borommaha Chakkraphat Rachathibodin etc.), intended to demonstrate his universal claim to power like of earlier Siamese kings. After his death, the people referred to him simply as Phaendin Ton ("the first reign"), to his son as Phaendin Klang ("the middle reign"). Continuing this system consequently, his grandson Rama III would have been "the last reign". To avoid this inauspicious title, he ended this practice by donating two Buddha statues that were placed to

1794-437: The title of Phraya Anuchit Raja), accompanied him in various campaigns. Chakri and his brother were sent to the north to Lan Na in 1774 to free the kingdom from Burmese rule with the help of Phraya Kawila , a prince from Lampang . In 1776, he conquered Khmer Pa Dong (around modern Surin ). He was assigned the task of conquering Lao kingdoms in 1778 and all the three kingdoms ( Vientiane , Luang Prabang , Champasak ) fell to

1840-475: The titles of Phra Ratcharin Chao Krom Phra Tamruat (head of the police department), Phraya Aphaironnarit , Phraya Yommarat , Phraya Chakri and Chaophraya Chakri (minister of the northern provinces). Finally Taksin created him the title of Somdet Chaophraya Maha Kasatsuek , a noble title as high as no Siamese official had born before him, making him quasi-royalty. When he ascended to

1886-464: The viceroy and heir presumptive) and his nephew Thong-In or Anurak Devesh as the "Rear Palace". The King had 42 children. Ten of these were born to Queen Amarinda, the others by various concubines. The Queen's children included Prince Isarasundhorn, later King Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (Rama II) (whom the King appointed as Front Palace after the death of Maha Sura Singhanat in 1803), Prince Maha Senanurak and Prince Maha Sakdi Polsep . In 1784–1785,

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1932-633: Was Phra Akson Sunthonsat (Royal Secretary of northern Siam, Keeper of the Royal Seal). Phra Akson Sunthonsat was also a descendant of Kosa Pan , the leader of King Narai 's embassy to the French court. His mother, Daoreung (original name Yok), was part-Chinese. Thongduang had six other siblings. Thongduang at a young age entered the Royal Palace as one of the royal pages of King Uthumphon , where he met his childhood friend Taksin. In 1757, aged 21, he became

1978-411: Was Thongduang (also spelled Thong Duang ทองด้วง), family names had not yet been introduced in Siam at that time. When Thongduang served as deputy governor of Ratchaburi Province during the rule of King Ekkathat of Ayutthaya , he bore the title of Luang Yokkrabat . After the demise of Ayutthaya, the new king Taksin to whom he served as an important military commander, awarded him successively

2024-581: Was deposed in 1779 and the throne was given to the young prince Ang Eng . However, the pro-Vietnamese policies of certain Cambodian aristocrats under Ang Eng alarmed Rama I. As a result, Rama I had Ang Eng captured and deported to Bangkok, where Rama adopted him as his son, the purpose of which was to impose pro-Siamese sentiments on him. Rama I also imposed Chao Phraya Abhaya Bhubet as the Regent of Cambodia. Nguyễn Ánh secretly left for Vietnam in 1787, leaving Rama I

2070-689: Was merged from Bang Lamphu and Ong Ang canals. The area enclosed by Khlong Khu Mueang Doem and the river is referred to as Inner Rattanakosin, while Outer Rattanakosin refers to the originally less developed area between the two canals. Two further small canals known as Khlong Lot ( tube/straw canal ) connect the inner and outer moats. 13°45′N 100°30′E  /  13.750°N 100.500°E  / 13.750; 100.500 Phutthayotfa Chulalok Phra Bat Somdet Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok Maharat ( Thai : พระบาทสมเด็จพระพุทธยอดฟ้าจุฬาโลกมหาราช , 20 March 1737 – 7 September 1809), personal name Thongduang ( ทองด้วง ), also known as Rama I ,

2116-482: Was the founder of the Rattanakosin Kingdom (now Thailand) and the first King of Siam from the reigning Chakri dynasty . His full title in Thai is Phra Bat Somdet Phra Paramoruracha Maha Chakri Boromanat Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok ( พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรโมรุราชามหาจักรีบรมนารถ พระพุทธยอดฟ้าจุฬาโลก ). He ascended the throne in 1782, following the deposition of King Taksin of Thonburi . He was also celebrated as

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