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Khirki Mosque

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38-645: Khirki Mosque , approached from the Khirki Village in South Delhi and close to the Satpula or the seven arched bridge on the edge of southern wall of Jahanpanah (the fourth city of Medieval Delhi ), was a mosque built by Khan-i-Jahan Junan Shah , the prime minister of Feroz Shah Tughlaq (1351–1388) of the Tughlaq Dynasty . The word 'Khirki' prefixed to mosque is an Urdu word that means "window" and hence

76-446: A heritage village, which has now become a major rural tourist destination, it later used the same pattern to develop Padmanabhpur village, Ganjam district , Odisha, India , famous for its weavers and folk dancers, into another heritage destination. In 2007, the government of Goa signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with INTACH for restoration, conservation and maintenance of 51 officially listed heritage and cultural monuments in

114-475: A lime–surkhi mortar for conservation in the monuments, in the past, involved initially burning of lime in a kiln , then slaking it under water for a month and thereafter grinding it in a mortar mill in the proportion of 33% lime, 66% sand and other additives. An ASI official conceded that Lime–surkhi was not used in proper proportion resulting in pink–coloured marks on some structures. ASI has now decided that in new restoration works, such as

152-850: A memorandum of understanding with AusHeritage, Australia's noted heritage network, to collaborate on South Asian and South East Asian regional initiatives. Among the tasks undertaken by INTACH are restoration of monuments and their management; advocacy for heritage property conservation; public awareness through heritage walks and buses; establishment of heritage clubs in schools; and holding of awareness workshop for teachers of schools and colleges and heritage walks to various unprotected sites. INTACH has been involved in several protests against destruction and proposed to stop demolition of heritage structures, including Errum Manzil and Osmania Hospital in Hyderabad, and Janata Bazaar in Bengaluru. Over

190-789: Is a non-profit charitable organisation registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 . In 2007, the United Nations awarded INTACH a special consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council . The Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) was founded in 1984, in New Delhi , with the vision to create a membership organisation to stimulate and spearhead heritage awareness and conservation in India . Since 1984, INTACH has pioneered

228-489: Is a vast area in the city of Delhi and contains many significant locations. Of the eleven 'historical cities' of Delhi, three, viz. Qila Rai Pithora (1st), Mehrauli (2nd) and Siri (including Hauz Khas ) (3rd) fall in the South Delhi district. It was originally created after the construction of New Delhi . Jahaz Mahal , Zafar Mahal , Hauz Khas Complex , Bijay Mandal , Qutub Minar , Mehrauli Archaeological Park , and

266-568: Is also called "The Mosque of Windows". Khan-i-Jahan Junaan Telangani and Feroz Shah Tughlaq were intensely committed towards building architectural monuments. Together, they planned and built several tombs, forts and mosques. Telangani in particular, was credited with building seven monuments of unique designs. Constructed in the Jahapanah city, it is a novel cross–axial mosque in Tughluqian architectural style. There are no specific inscriptions on

304-527: Is bounded by the Yamuna River to the east, the districts of New Delhi to the north, Faridabad district of Haryana to the southeast, Gurgaon District of Haryana to the southwest, and South West Delhi to the west. South Delhi has a population of 2,731,929 (2011 census), and an area of 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi), with a population density of 9,034 persons per km (23,397 persons per mi ). The South Delhi neighborhood of Hauz Khas

342-622: Is considered one of “the finest architectural compositions of the Sultanate history.” It was considered Firuz Shah's architectural benefaction. The importance of the Khirki Mosque's architectural elegance has been considered a precursor to the intensely metaphorical Mughal architecture (1526–1857), with the Lodhi period's (1451–1526) architecture – the Delhi Sultanate's last dynasty – marking

380-535: Is raised on a plinth of 3 m (9.8 ft). There are four open courtyards (square in size of 9.14 m (30.0 ft) on each side) encircled by arcades built with 180 square structural columns and 60 pilasters , which run in north–south direction and divides into aisles. The open courtyards are the source of light and ventilation to the internal prayer spaces. The roof is partitioned into 25 squares of equal size with 9 small domes in each square (totaling to 81 domes) and alternated by 12 flat roofs to cover

418-502: Is witnessing the growth of trendy shops and lodgings. It is now becoming the center for domestic and international tourists and backpackers. The area also is home to historical monuments and has easy access to the Delhi Metro , making it a preferred location for many visitors to India and domestic middle-class visitors from other Indian states. The area attracts young tourists with numerous hip hostels and cafes . The division shown on

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456-503: The 2011 census South Delhi has a total population of 2,731,929, comprising 1,467,428 males (53.8%) and 1,264,501 females (46.2%), roughly equal to the nation of Jamaica or the US state of Nevada . This gives it a ranking of 144th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 10,935 inhabitants per square kilometre (28,320/sq mi). Its population growth rate over

494-507: The ASI to re–examine the restoration procedures adopted by them for conservation works of Mughal monuments . ASI suspended the restoration works of the Mosque and held a workshop on "Use of lime mortar in ancient times" to educate their staff on proper restoration of Mughal monuments. A conservationist commented that Lime mortar survives for years but needs to be carefully prepared by using all

532-526: The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) for restoration before the 2010 Commonwealth Games . Some conservation works have been initiated by ASI inside the mosque. Heritage experts of Delhi were concerned by the status of the restoration works of the Khirki Mosque done by the ASI, which converted it into a pink monument (pictured) as distinct from the lime mortar work done in the ancient times. They pressed

570-710: The Delhi Metro , namely the Yellow and Magenta lines pass through the district. The nearest railway station is Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station . The nearest airport is Indira Gandhi International Airport , located towards west of the district. South district is considered to be the most affluent of all residential districts of Delhi, other than the districts falling under Lutyen's Delhi, viz. New Delhi and Central Delhi . With upscale areas like Saket , Sainik Farm , Malviya Nagar , Hauz Khas , Greater Kailash , Green Park , Rama Krishna Puram , Gulmohar Park , Gulmohar enclave , Vasant Vihar and Vasant Kunj , it has one of

608-574: The Hauz Khas locality of South Delhi. The Indian Institute of Foreign Trade of Delhi is located in the Qutub Institutional Area of South Delhi. Sangam Vihar is also located in South Delhi, which has the highest population in the state. The top Central University Jamia Millia Islamia is situated in the Jamia Nagar area of South Delhi. Further, University of Delhi South Campus which is one of

646-547: The Safdarjung's Tomb comprise some of South Delhi's most scenic heritage sites. The administrative district had 20% green cover, as of 2009. It has several spacious green parks, wildlife sanctuary, biodiversity parks, and green belts. Deer Park and Rose Garden in Hauz Khas , Asola Wildlife Sanctuary close to Delhi's southern border on the Aravallis foothills are few examples. It has a good mix of concrete and greens. According to

684-618: The Constitution of India. The objectives spelt out in the Memorandum of Association constitute INTACH's Mandate and Vision. Its stated mission to date continues to be: To achieve the above-stated mission, at subsequent Visioning Exercises further measures were spelt out: INTACH bestows the following awards: INTACH has established chapters not only within India but also outside it. It now uses funds raised by its international chapters in Belgium and

722-564: The Delhi Sultanate". The study has conjectured the year of building by comparing with many other large monuments of this period. It is dated between 1351 and 1354 when Feroz Shah Tughlaq, during his stay in Jahapanah, ordered this mosque to be built as "his pious inaugural contribution to the Capital". It is approached from the Khirki village in South Delhi and close to the Satpula or the seven arched bridge on

760-565: The Khirki Mosque, lime will be used in proper quantity. Access to the mosque is through the narrow lanes of Khirki village near Saket , which is located in South Delhi . The mosque is on the other side of Press Enclave Marg from the Saket Citywalk Mall. The nearest metro station is Malviya Nagar. The mosque can be easily glimpsed down the narrow lanes off this main road. It is 4 km (2.5 mi) east of Qutub Minar and 13 km (8.1 mi) south of Connaught Place . The remnants of

798-405: The Mosque on its construction date, though the name of the builder is inscribed on the eastern gate of the Mosque as 'Khan-e-Jahan Junaan Shah'. Therefore, in the absence of "epigraphic and literary" evidence (though one recent web reference mentions 1375 and another 1380) for its provenance, a research study has been provided by Welch and Howard in their paper titled "The Tughluqs: Master Builders of

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836-569: The United Kingdom, to take up restoration, conservation and protection projects of historical structures and heritage buildings across India. The INTACH UK Trust , established in 1987, is a registered charity in the United Kingdom funded by the Charles Wallace bequest. The aim of this trust is to support the cause of heritage conservation in India. Its two main activities are: In recent years INTACH has been fortunate to receive support from

874-792: The conservation and protection of India's natural and cultural heritage and is today the largest membership organisation in the country dedicated to conservation. Today it has chapters in 215 Indian cities, as well as chapters in Belgium and the United Kingdom . The Memorandum of Association and Rules and Regulations of INTACH constituted the first Governing Council of the Trust with the following members: Rajiv Gandhi , Pupul Jayakar , L. K. Jha , M. G. K. Menon , Kapila Vatsyayan , Rajeev Sethi , B. K. Thapar , Martand Singh , Bilkees I. Latif , Madhavrao Scindia , and J. B. Dadachanji. In 2007, INTACH signed

912-622: The decade 2001–2011 was 20.59%. The religious composition of the population is predominantly Hindu, making up 78.8% (2,155,759 adherents), followed by Muslims at 16.3% (445,914). Other religious communities include Christians, numbering 1.5% (41,880); Sikhs, with 2.5% (69,520); Buddhists at 0.1% (3,862); and Jains, totaling 0.4% (11,020). Many renowned markets of Delhi such as Sarojini Nagar Market , Green Park Market, etc. and malls such as DLF Avenue , MGF Metropolitan , Select Citywalk , Malviya Nagar , etc. are located in South Delhi. South Delhi has three administrative divisions: Two lines of

950-573: The edge of southern wall of Jahapanah (the fourth city of Medieval Delhi), was mosque built by Khan-i-Jahan Junan Shah, the Prime Minister of Feroz Shah Tughlaq (1351–1388) of the Tughlaq Dynasty.[1] The word 'Khirki' prefixed to mosque is an Urdu word that means "window" and hence is also called "The Mosque of Windows". The Mosque has a 52 m (170.6 ft)x52 m (170.6 ft) square plan in an area of 87 m (936.5 sq ft). It

988-470: The enigmatic Copper Hoards of the Ganga Valley (circa 1800—1700 BC) is the perceived brand image of INTACH. The classic simplicity and vitality of its lines make it a striking example of primitive man's creative genius. INTACH's mission to conserve heritage is based on the belief that living in harmony with heritage enhances the quality of life, and it is the duty of every citizen of India as laid down in

1026-516: The flanks. https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/asi-discovers-254-copper-coins-of-medieval-era-at-khirki-mosque-1536813918-1 South Delhi South Delhi is an administrative district of the National Capital Territory of Delhi in India with its headquarters in Saket. Administratively, the district is divided into three subdivisions, Saket , Hauz Khas , and Mehrauli . It

1064-508: The fourth city of Delhi, Jahanpanah, the raised Bijai Mandal Platform and the Begampur mosque with its variety of domes are other attractions close to the mosque. Nearer to the mosque, there is a bridge structure of the time called the Satpula (means seven bridges), part of the Jahanpanah boundary walls. It is a sluice weir with seven arched main spans, with two additional bays at a higher level on

1102-495: The highest land prices in Delhi. Urban villages in South Delhi, like Hauz Khas Village , and Shahpur Jat have become hub for designer boutiques, restaurants and art galleries and design studios. The Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , All India Institute of Medical Sciences and National Institute of Fashion Technology , three of the country's premier institutes in the field of technology, medicine and fashion respectively lie in

1140-531: The map bears only administrative significance, as to the common citizen, broadly speaking Delhi is vaguely ring-like, having five regions, namely North, West, South, East and Central. The usage of the term South Delhi in day-to-day life expands from Delhi 's IGI Airport in the New Delhi district to the river Yamuna in the South East, a region protruding into administrative South West Delhi district. South Delhi

1178-497: The mihrab is not well lighted since light from the latticed windows on the second floor do not penetrate this space. The approach to the roof of the mosque is from the east gate, and the view from the roof leaves a lasting impression of the geometrical design of the Mosque. The mosque's walls are of rubble masonry construction with plastered surface on the outside. The interior walls are bland but provided with traditional carved stone screens. The symmetrically designed admirable mosque

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1216-1005: The oldest universities in India has its southern campus in the region. The southern campus is a part of the proposed four direction-based campuses in Delhi with East and West campuses currently in progress. This district has thriving medieval era colonies or sarais, which now are severely congested and under neglect. These include Chirag Delhi, Kalu Sarai, Jia Sarai , Ber Sarai , Lado Sarai, Katwaria Sarai , Yusuf Sarai , Hauz Khas Village , Munirka , Kotla Mubarakpur , Begumpur , Saidulajaib , Mohammadpur, Khirki Village, Adhchini, Chhattarpur Village, Aayaa Nagar, Maandi Village, and Dera Village. Many important city roads such as Mehrauli-Gurgaon Road, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road , Aurobindo Marg , August Kranti Marg, Press Enclave Road, etc. fall in this district, while arterial roads like Inner Ring Road and Outer Ring Road pass through it. Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage The Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage ( INTACH )

1254-434: The required ingredients in correct amount. However, to bypass the lengthy but necessary method, workers then changed the traditional mixing process – followed the world over and for centuries – to 50% lime mixed with 50% brick dust and not sand. This altered the chemical and physical properties and also made it more expensive exercise (brick dust costs more than sand). The well established correct method of preparing

1292-406: The roof. The four courtyards provide light and ventilation. The four corners of the mosque are adorned with towers with three protruding gateways, one in the middle of each face, with tapering turrets flanking each gate. The southern gate, with imposing steps at the main entrance, exhibits a combination of arch and trabeated construction. It has an ornamental rectilinear frame. The turrets flanking

1330-427: The southern and northern gates are circular in shape; the articulation on these gives them a three storied appearance. The main gate, which leads to the qibla on the western wall, has a projecting mihrab . Above the vaulted first floor cells, ubiquitous arch windows (carved out of stone guard) with perforated screens or jalis or tracery , known as "Khirkis", are seen on the second floor. However,the foyer in front of

1368-567: The state. This includes the restoration and conservation of the 16th century Reis Magos Fort in Goa , then in 2008, INTACH signed anouth a memorandum of understanding with the Government of Delhi for the conservation of 92 monuments in Delhi, in the preparation of the Commonwealth Games 2010 . The INTACH Logo, based on the anthropomorphic copper figure from Shahabad, Uttar Pradesh, belonging to

1406-403: The transition. Over the years, a few domes on the north–east side of the mosque have collapsed and a few walls are in a dilapidated condition. The roof is on the verge of collapse at many places. Delhi chapter of Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) has categorized the monument as "Grade A" in terms of archeological value. It is one of the 43 monuments identified by

1444-431: The years, INTACH has taken up restoration and protection of hundreds of monuments that fall outside the coverage of Archaeological Survey of India and other government agencies, and at times local authorities hand over the upkeep and restoration of heritage structures to INTACH directly. After developing Raghurajpur , Odisha, India , a place famous for its master ‘ Pattachitra ’ artists and ‘ Gotipua ’ dance troupes as

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