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48-530: The company was started in Meadville, Pennsylvania , by B.L. Singley, who previously was a salesman for Underwood & Underwood . Benneville Lloyd Singley was born December 8, 1864, in Union Township , Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania , in southeastern Pennsylvania. In 1886 Singley came to Meadville, in northwestern Pennsylvania, to enroll at Allegheny College's preparatory department. College records list him as

96-535: A computer vision project in 2020. The project attempted to reconstruct attributes of the original shooting characteristics, and recover depth information for reconstructing scenes in 3D on modern displays. Meadville, Pennsylvania Meadville is a city in and the county seat of Crawford County, Pennsylvania , United States. The population was 13,050 at the 2020 census . The first permanent settlement in Northwestern Pennsylvania , Meadville

144-418: A campus. The first building erected, the library, was designed by Alden himself, and is a notable example of early American architecture. Bentley Hall is named in honor of Dr. William Bentley , who donated his private library to the college, a collection of considerable value and significance. In 1824, Thomas Jefferson wrote to Alden, expressing the hope that his University of Virginia could someday possess

192-470: A female householder with no husband present, and 46.8% were non-families. 38.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.86. In the city the population was spread out, with 19.4% under the age of 18, 20.0% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 19.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

240-465: A first year prep student for three years in a row; after 1889 his name disappears from college listings. 1889 was the year that Singley married Anna Caraway, whose family lived in Meadville. The Hall of Fame Annual states that while Singley was a college student James M. Davis showed him a stereograph of two silver gray foxes in the woods. Gazing at the three-dimensional image caused Singley to understand

288-469: A method of generating health care prices Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title UCR . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UCR&oldid=1149650296 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

336-477: A party of settlers led by David Mead . Its location at the confluence of Cussewago Creek and French Creek was only a day's travel by boat to the safety of Fort Franklin . The neighboring Iroquois and Lenape befriended the isolated settlement, but their enemies, including the Wyandots , were not so amiable. The threat of their attacks caused the settlement to be evacuated for a time in 1791. Around 1800, many of

384-506: A variety of different purposes for over two centuries. In the 19th century, the park was used as militia drill grounds leading up to and during the Civil War. After the Civil War was over, Diamond Park became more open to the public with grass, statues, monuments and a gazebo. It is now used as a recreational park for the community. Meadville is the home of Allegheny College , a liberal arts college with approximately 1,700 students. Allegheny

432-615: Is now Eastern Pennsylvania, the Lenape moved into the now unoccupied region. They formed an alliance with the neighboring Seneca , one of the five tribes that made up the Iroquois Confederacy, and other displaced Lenape. Under the leadership of Chief Custaloga , they founded the settlement of Cussewago. Custaloga's name first appeared in western Pennsylvania's history in George Washington's journal of 1754. When Washington arrived in

480-574: Is within 40 miles (64 km) of Erie and within 90 miles (140 km) of Pittsburgh . It is the principal city of the Meadville micropolitan area , as well as part of the larger Erie–Meadville combined statistical area . The Meadville area was the ancestral land of the Eriechronon people until the Iroquois Confederacy forced them out. Having been displaced from their ancestral lands in what

528-473: The National Register of Historic Places : Baldwin-Reynolds House , Bentley Hall (Allegheny College), Independent Congregational Church , Dr. J. R. Mosier Office , Roueche House , Ruter Hall (Allegheny College), and Judge Henry Shippen House . Meadville is located at 41°39′N 80°9′W  /  41.650°N 80.150°W  / 41.650; -80.150 (41.642, −80.147). According to

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576-592: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 4.4 square miles (11 km ), all land. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Meadville has a warm-summer humid continental climate , abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Meadville was 104 °F (40.0 °C) on July 9, 1936, while the coldest temperature recorded was −23 °F (−30.6 °C) on January 31, 1948. As of

624-611: The 1854 state law mandating separate schools for Negro children. This law was amended, effective July 4, 1881, to prohibit such segregation. The League of Friendship, Mechanical Order of the Sun , a fraternal beneficiary labor organization was formed at Meadville in April 1868, and dissolved in October, with the establishment of the Ancient Order of United Workmen as the succeeding organization. By

672-624: The American Keystone Press Agency , that emerged from the Keystone View Company and Press Illustrated Services. It was built up by the Hungarian emigrant Bernhard (Bert? Bertram? ) Garai (1890–1973), later, Alexandre Garai. At Keystone Press Agency Munich , Lotte Sigg initially took care of the sale of images. Max Schneider (1924–1998), the journalist ,took over sales in 1953 at Keystone Press Agency Munich and later founded

720-813: The French senate Unión Cívica Radical ( Radical Civic Union ), an Argentine political party Unión Cordobesa de Rugby , body that rules the game of rugby union in Córdoba, Argentina Torneo de Córdoba , a rugby union club competition organised by UCR University Center Rochester in Minnesota University of California, Riverside University of Costa Rica University College Roosevelt , Middelburg, The Netherlands Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper , an environmental advocacy organization in Georgia, USA Urea-creatinine ratio Usual, customary and reasonable ,

768-399: The age of 18 living with them, 33.6% were married couples living together, 21.7% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 36.0% had a female householder with no spouse present. 36.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25, and the average family size was 2.90. 19.9% of

816-428: The age of 73. After Singley's retirement two long-time Keystone employees, Charles E. Crandall and George E. Hamilton, purchased all of the Keystone View Company stock. For the next 20 years Crandall and Hamilton would run Keystone, and all three departments would continue operation. On November 19, 1956, Keystone President Charles E. Crandall died in his office. George E. Hamilton became the sole shareholder, as well as

864-456: The area. The high demand for zippers created favorable conditions for the Talon Company, and so became Meadville's most crucial industry. The company encountered significant difficulties after it was absorbed by Textron industries in 1968, eventually ending up bankrupt. However, as a result of the need for close tolerances and tool and die makers , a cottage industry of tool and die shops

912-500: The census of 2020, there were 13,050 people living in the city, for a population density of 2,991.75 people per square mile (1,155.16/km ). There were 6,009 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 93.3% White, 6.3% Black or African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from some other race, and 6.7% from two or more races. 3.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 5,058 households, out of which 31.5% had children under

960-429: The city was 87.5% (11,487)   White , 5.28% African American , 0.18% Native American , 2.4% (320) Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 0.34% from other races , and 3.2% (420) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% (5) of the population. There were 5,376 households, out of which 17.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.5% were married couples living together, 13.4% had

1008-405: The city's population were under the age of 18, 64.2% were 18 to 64, and 15.9% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.3. For every 100 females, there were 90.8 males. According to the U.S. Census American Community Survey , for the period 2016-2020 the estimated median annual income for a household in the city was $ 40,694, and the median income for a family was $ 52,255. About 19.6% of

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1056-514: The city: Private/charter schools: UCR UCR may refer to: Unclassified county road, an obsolete term for a green lane (road) in England and Wales Under color removal in printing Unified Cornish Revised , a variety of the Cornish language Uniform Crime Reports Union centriste et républicaine ( Centrist and Republican Union ), group of

1104-434: The company moved to a 12,000-square-foot (1,100 m ) facility in Meadville and added nippers, pinchers, and open-end wrenches to its product line. George B. DeArment's two sons, Almon W. and J. Howard DeArment became partners in the company in 1911 and expanded the product line again to include hammers. In 1923, the company moved again to a 33,000-square-foot (3,100 m ) facility at its current location. Four years later,

1152-620: The company. It has a large archive of Keystone images and equipment that was purchased following the closure of the company's Meadville facilities. If the number on the Keystone stereoview: On some views a number will appear in the upper center of the stereograph. This is a “set” number. It is the position of that view in its particular boxed set." During World War I , the Keystone View Company merged with Press Illustrated Service . Keystone-SDA / Keystone-ATS and others are related to

1200-460: The contest. Over the years hundreds of educational sets were marketed to teach geography, social studies, science, history and reading. They even produced and sold a special line of stereoview sets for medical students. Lantern slides and stereoviews were often combined in sets, with one side of a stereoview printed on glass so that a two-dimensional image could be projected on a screen for the entire class to see. Students could then take turns viewing

1248-471: The educational potential of stereoscopic photography, and enkindled in him a desire to teach others through the use of stereoviews. James M. Davis distributed the stereoviews of the Kilburn Brothers and Benjamin W. Kilburn . In 1892 French Creek overflowed its banks and flooded Meadville. Singley photographed the damage, developed multiple prints of 30 negatives and pasted them on cardboard mounts bearing

1296-434: The first permanent settlement in northwestern Pennsylvania, is located at Bicentennial Park along the banks of French Creek. The replica was built as a part of Meadville's Bicentennial celebration in 1988. The cabin is used as an educational resource for school tours and the general public. The Market House is a prominent historical building located in downtown Meadville. It is the oldest continuously run market structure in

1344-540: The home for daily eye-training exercises. As long as the Keystone View Company was owned by those who lived and worked in Meadville the Educational Department and Department A stereoviews continued to be produced. But as time went on the Stereoscophthalmic Department gained in importance. In 1936 B.L. Singley retired as the president of the Keystone View Company. He died on November 15, 1938, at

1392-502: The independent sole proprietorship "Keystone-Press, Max Schneider" in Zurich. Keystone Press Agency had branches or independent sole proprietorships in New York, Montreal (Bob Moynier, 1960), Paris, Brazil (Agnes Garai), and London (Bertram Garai).. Keystone Press Agency London was founded in 1918 by Bertram (Bert?) Garai. Over 37,000 images from the original negatives were analyzed in

1440-658: The late 18th and early 19th centuries, Meadville played a small part in the Underground Railroad helping escaping slaves to freedom. An event in September 1880 led to the end of segregation by race in the state's public schools. At the South Ward schools, Elias Allen tried unsuccessfully to enroll his two children. He appealed to the Crawford County Court of Common Pleas, and Judge Pearson Church declared unconstitutional

1488-484: The late 19th century, Meadville's economy was also driven by logging, agriculture, and iron production. The Talon Corporation , headquartered in Meadville, played a major role in the development of the zipper . Since the clothing industry was largely unaffected by the Great Depression , the community saw a population boom at that time. During World War II , the nearby Keystone Ordnance plant brought additional jobs to

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1536-492: The mid-twentieth century, and had a stereoscopic photographer on staff until at least 1955. In 1932 Keystone's Stereoscophthalmic Department was formed to meet the needs of eye specialists, safety and efficiency engineers and psychologists who needed stereoscopic tests. Keystone stereoscopic vision tests were used to test automobile and truck drivers, as well as airplane pilots. For those diagnosed with certain vision problems special Keystone stereoscopes and stereoviews were used in

1584-743: The name of Keystone View Company continues to be used on eye training equipment. In 1978, the company's records and inventory of negatives, weighing more than 30 tons, were donated to the UCR/California Museum of Photography at the University of California Riverside , where they are now known as the Keystone-Mast collection. In 2002, the Johnson-Shaw Stereoscopic Museum opened in Keystone View's hometown of Meadville to celebrate

1632-532: The name of Keystone View Company. By 1895 the company had issued approximately 700 different views. In 1898 Keystone began making and selling stereoscopes. The company expanded rapidly and by 1905, the year the Keystone View Company was incorporated, it was the largest business of its kind in the world. All of the manufacturing was done in Meadville, but branch offices were in New York, St. Louis, San Francisco, Portland, Oregon, Chicago, Toronto, Canada, and London, England. Salesmen and photographers were scattered around

1680-609: The name of the company was changed to the Champion–DeArment Tool Company. Talon remained a major employer, along with the Erie Railroad , American Viscose Corporation (later known as Avtex Fibers), Channellock tools, and Dad's Pet Food . The area actually saw an increase in population during the Great Depression and the economy continued to grow past World War II. By the early 1990s, Channellock and Dad's were

1728-570: The only large companies operating in Meadville. This blow to the local economy was softened by a subsequent surge in light industry, mainly tool and die machine shops. The song "Bittersweet Motel" by Vermont jam band, Phish , was inspired when keyboardist Page McConnell left a wedding in Meadville and drove to the Pittsburgh Airport. In addition to the Meadville Downtown Historic District , several buildings are listed on

1776-518: The population were living below the poverty line , including 24.2% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those 65 or over. About 49.2% of the population were employed, and 24.5% had a bachelor's degree or higher. As of the census of 2010, there were 13,338 people, 5,376 households, and 2,891 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,060.1 inhabitants per square mile (1,181.5/km ). There were 5,985 housing units at an average density of 1,375.5 per square mile (531.1/km ). The racial makeup of

1824-416: The president, of the Keystone View Company. Hamilton died on May 15, 1962. In 1963 Keystone was purchased by Mast Development Company of Davenport, Iowa. The company was owned by Gifford Mast and John Niemeyer. As a subsidiary of Mast Development Company, Keystone produced telebinoculars, eye training products and overhead projectors. In 1972 Gifford Mast closed down the Meadville manufacturing site, although

1872-504: The richness of Allegheny's library. Alden served as president of the college until 1831, when financial and enrollment difficulties forced his resignation. Ruter Hall was built in 1853. Meadville Theological School was established in 1844 by a wealthy businessman and Unitarian named Harm Jan Huidekoper. It moved to Chicago in 1926. Public schools, all part of the Crawford Central School District , which covers

1920-596: The settlers to the Meadville area came after receiving land bounties for service in the American Revolutionary War . Allegheny College was founded in April 1815 by Timothy Alden . Meadville became an important transportation center after the construction of the French Creek Feeder Canal in 1837 and of the Beaver and Erie Canal it connected to at Conneaut Lake and subsequent railroad development. In

1968-519: The state of Pennsylvania, and still serves as a hub for local farmers. Farmers markets are still held on Saturdays. The Baldwin-Reynolds House , managed by the Crawford County Historical Society, is a house museum in town. The building was constructed in 1843 by Heney Baldwin , an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court , a few months before his death in 1844. Diamond Park is Meadville's central park and has been used for

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2016-542: The three-dimensional version of the photos with the stereoviews and one of the many stereoscopes that came with the set. The large classroom sets came housed in furniture quality wooden cabinets, which were made by the company. Between 1915 and 1921 Keystone View Company purchased the negatives of nearly all of its competitors; they also continued to have staff photographers travel the world, so that by 1935 Keystone had approximately two million stereoscopic negatives. Keystone View Company produced stereographic sets up through

2064-623: The village of Venango (Fort Machault), Custaloga was in charge of the wampum of his nation. This wampum was a message that was sent to the Six Nations if the French refused to leave the land. Custaloga was the chief of the Munsee or Wolf Clan of Delawares and he also ruled over the Delawares at the town of Cussewago, at the present site of Meadville. After Cussewago was abandoned, Meadville was laid out by William McArthur Sr. and settled on May 12, 1788, by

2112-446: The world, and the company was offering 20,000 different views. In 1905 Keystone View Company began its Educational Department, selling views and glass lantern slides (the 4 x 3.25 inch ancestors of the better-known 2 x 2 inch slides containing transparencies on film , which eventually replaced them) to schools throughout the country. They also produced lantern slide projection equipment. Selling stereoviews and lantern slides to schools

2160-530: Was 36 years. There are currently 6,171 males (46.6%) while there are currently 7,067 females (53.4%). The median income for a household in the city was $ 33,848, and the median income for a family was $ 54,069. Males had a median income of $ 32,813 versus $ 22,579 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,290. About 13.7% of families and 22.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 25.3% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over. A replica of founder David Mead's log cabin,

2208-400: Was a field pioneered by Underwood & Underwood, and for several years Underwood and Keystone were competitors for the growing educational market. According to the 1953 Keystone Sales Manual the more aggressive sales methods and the more progressive editorial policies of the Keystone View Company soon made it the acknowledged leader in the work, and Underwood & Underwood decided to give up

2256-562: Was established which resulted in Meadville, earning the city the nickname Tool City with more tool shops per capita than any place else in the United States. In 1886, a blacksmith from Evansburg, Pennsylvania , George B. DeArment, began hand-forging farrier 's tools and selling them from town to town out of the back of a wagon. The business eventually became known as the Champion Bolt and Clipper Company. In 1904, now named Channellock ,

2304-559: Was founded in April 1815 by the Reverend Timothy Alden , a graduate of Harvard's School of Divinity . The college was historically affiliated with the United Methodist Church after 1833, although it is currently non-sectarian. The first class, consisting of four male students, began their studies on July 4, 1816, without any formal academic buildings. Within six years, Alden accumulated sufficient funds to begin building

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