125-402: [REDACTED] The Kew Gardens–Union Turnpike station (signed as Union Turnpike–Kew Gardens station on overhead and entrance signs) is an express station on the IND Queens Boulevard Line of the New York City Subway . Located at Union Turnpike and Queens Boulevard on the border of Kew Gardens and Forest Hills, Queens , it is served by the E and F trains at all times, and
250-521: A pylon station . The first deep column station in the world is Mayakovskaya , opened in 1938 in Moscow. One variety of column station is the "column-wall station". In such stations, some of the spaces between the columns are replaced with walls. In this way, the resistance to earth pressure is improved in difficult ground environments. Examples of such stations in Moscow are Krestyanskaya Zastava and Dubrovka . In Saint Petersburg , Komendantsky Prospekt
375-737: A Mexican immigrant who spoke no English, through the Street Vendor Project , which advocates for New York City street vendors. Most housing units in Jackson Heights are apartments in multi-unit buildings, many of which are five or six stories. Many of these buildings are co-ops , some are rentals, and a few are condominiums . There are also a number of one- to three-family houses, most of which are attached row houses . 34th and 35th avenues, as well as most side streets between 37th Avenue and Northern Boulevard , are residential. A section of 90th Street between 30th Avenue and Northern Boulevard
500-403: A New York City historic district. The designation, which set architectural guidelines for structures within the designated district, affected both existing buildings and planned new developments within the district. Starting in the 2000s, Jackson Heights has become once again a desirable destination for professionals and middle-class families. Some of these residents moved to Jackson Heights for
625-451: A black border and small "UNION TURNPIKE" captions below them in white lettering on black tiles. The tile band is part of a color-coded tile system used throughout the IND. The tile colors were designed to facilitate navigation for travelers going away from Lower Manhattan . As such, a different tile color is used at Parsons Boulevard , the next express station to the east. The yellow tiles used at
750-476: A bottleneck. Originally, the underpass would have been 44 feet (13 m) wide; by 1932, the underpass was planned to be 80 feet (24 m) wide. On May 7, 1933, it was announced that work on the underpass under Queens Boulevard, which was being done by the Slattery Daino Corporation, would be completed early, and that work would begin the following week on the construction of a temporary roadway over
875-453: A cob) , tacos , homemade tamales filled with meats, cheese, fruits or even chilies, fruit batidos or aguas frescas (smoothies), and South American sweet churros . In a 2017 episode of his show Parts Unknown , American chef Anthony Bourdain visited several Queens eateries, profiling Evelia Coyotzi, who sells tamales in a street cart on Junction Boulevard, the border between Jackson Heights and Corona. Bourdain learned about Coyotzi,
1000-641: A decrease in ridership, the number of passengers using the Union Turnpike station decreased by 2.7 million passengers. In 2019, the station had 7,625,674 boardings, making it the 48th most used station in the 423-station system. This amounted to an average of 25,235 passengers per weekday. The station is near the Queens Borough Hall , the Queens Criminal Court , and the Kew-Forest School . It
1125-549: A descendant of one of the original Queens families and a respected Queens County entrepreneur . Northern Boulevard , a main east–west road in the neighborhood, was also originally named Jackson Avenue; that name is retained in a short stretch in Long Island City . Though the land was not known for its elevation, after the land was filled to raise the terrain above the marshes of the Trains Meadow, Jackson Heights attained
1250-488: A design by architect George H. Wells . Leftover unused space was converted to parks, gardens, and recreational areas, including a golf course; much of this space, including the golf course, no longer exists. This was followed by the 1919 construction of the Andrew J. Thomas –designed Linden Court, a 10-building complex between 84th Street, 85th Street, 37th Avenue, and Roosevelt Avenue. The two sets of five buildings, separated by
1375-564: A disabled or troubled train. A subway station may provide additional facilities, such as toilets , kiosks and amenities for staff and security services, such as Transit police . Some metro stations are interchanges , serving to transfer passengers between lines or transport systems. The platforms may be multi-level. Transfer stations handle more passengers than regular stations, with additional connecting tunnels and larger concourses to reduce walking times and manage crowd flows. In some stations, especially where trains are fully automated ,
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#17328527104381500-419: A gated garden with linden trees and two pathways, included parking spaces with single-story garages accessed via narrow driveways, the first Jackson Heights development to do so; gaps at regular intervals in the perimeter wall; a layout that provided light and ventilation to the apartments and fostered a sense of belonging to a community; the area's first co-op ; and now-prevalent private gardens surrounded by
1625-405: A losing battle. Double and triple homicides go unsolved. By the late 1980s, Jackson Heights had rising real-estate values and a moderate amount of crime compared to other city neighborhoods. Nevertheless, there were still high-profile crimes that reinforced perceptions of the neighborhood as dangerous. In 1990, Julio Rivera, a gay Puerto Rican man, was murdered in a hate crime. His death galvanized
1750-532: A lower level of the subway just west of the station. The yard itself is situated just north of the station in the southern portion of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park , between the Grand Central Parkway and the Van Wyck Expressway . On August 28, 1987, a woman was dragged to death after her purse got caught in the doors of an F train at the station, one of 56 dragging incidents that year. This incident
1875-521: A movement after the 1990 murder of Julio Rivera, a 29-year-old bartender who worked at the Magic Touch gay bar. Rivera was raised in the Bronx, but tried to avoid the violence of the streets there, and moved to Jackson Heights as a young adult. On the night of July 2, three men cornered Rivera in a schoolyard that was known as a gay cruising area and beat him with a hammer and beer bottle, and then stabbed him. At
2000-701: A planned community a few blocks from the Flushing Line between Northern Boulevard (then Jackson Avenue) and 37th Avenue, the main commercial corridor of the new development. Targeted at the middle class, these multi-story apartment buildings designed in the Colonial Revival and neo-Tudor styles were based on similar ones in Berlin . They were to share garden spaces, have ornate exteriors and features such as fireplaces, parquet floors, sun rooms, and built-in bathtubs with showers; and be cooperatively owned. In addition,
2125-579: A proposed alternate routing for the Queens Boulevard Line, that would have had the line turn via Kew Gardens Road after the Union Turnpike station instead of continuing via Queens Boulevard. After proceeding via Kew Gardens Road, the line would have turned via Hillside Avenue. If this route were used, then Kew Gardens Road would have had to been widened to accommodate the four track line. This alternate routing would have provided for better access to Richmond Hill . In 1930, in anticipation of growth due to
2250-484: A reduction in cartels in the neighborhood. Community leaders responded to negative perceptions of Jackson Heights by seeking to have the neighborhood designated a historic district. In 1988, the Jackson Heights Beautification Group was formed; it organized walking tours as well as beautification activities and commissioned a neighborhood history. Five years later, part of Jackson Heights was made
2375-635: A run over a patch of grass and the sight of a tree ... Built in 1928, the English Gables line 82nd Street, the main shopping area of Jackson Heights's Hispanic community. There are two developments, English Gables I and II; they are meant to provide a gateway to the neighborhood for commercial traffic and for passengers from the 82nd Street–Jackson Heights station. A year later, the Robert Morris Apartments, on 37th Avenue between 79th and 80th streets, were constructed. Named after Robert Morris ,
2500-599: A shared garden, was built in the French Renaissance style and has slate mansard roofs pierced by dormer windows, and diaperwork brick walls. At first purely decorative, the shared gardens in later developments included paved spaces where people could meet or sit. The Queensboro Corporation started the Ivy Court, Cedar Court, and Spanish Gardens projects, all designed by Thomas, in 1924. The Queensboro Corporation advertised their apartments from 1922 on. On August 28, 1922,
2625-621: A signer of the United States Declaration of Independence , the apartments have ample green spaces, original high ceilings, and fireplaces, and are relatively expensive. During the Depression, two new buildings were built: Ravenna Court on 37th Avenue between 80th and 81st streets, built in 1929; and Georgian Court three blocks east, between 83rd and 84th streets, built in 1930. The Queensboro Corporation began to build on land that until then had been kept open for community use, including
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#17328527104382750-571: A subscript; it was originally erected in 1995, but after the sign disappeared in 2008, a replacement was put up in 2011. The Jackson Heights Garden City Society is a historical society, whose founders include local historians, the Queens Borough Historian and local activists. They created and oversee the Jackson Heights Garden City Trail and publish a walking guidebook to Jackson Heights. They also collect artifacts of
2875-464: Is Briarwood for local trains, Jamaica–Van Wyck for weekday E express trains via the Archer Avenue lines , and Parsons Boulevard for limited rush-hour E express trains via the Queens Boulevard Line. During weekdays, this is the easternmost transfer point between the E and F trains before they branch off toward their eastern terminals. Both outer track walls have a Jasmine yellow trim line with
3000-516: Is a Little India on 74th Street and a Little Pakistan and Little Bangladesh on 73rd Street. There is also a large concentration of South Americans east of 77th Street, especially a Little Colombia along 37th Avenue. Jackson Heights was heavily Colombian during the 1980s, but other immigrant groups have settled in the area, notably Mexicans. Many of the displaced Colombians have moved to adjacent areas such as Elmhurst , East Elmhurst , Corona , College Point and Flushing . Queens County still has
3125-519: Is a train station for a rapid transit system, which as a whole is usually called a "metro" or "subway". A station provides a means for passengers to purchase tickets , board trains, and evacuate the system in the case of an emergency. In the United Kingdom, they are known as underground stations , most commonly used in reference to the London Underground . The location of a metro station
3250-416: Is a type of subway station consisting of a central hall with two side halls connected by ring-like passages between a row of columns. Depending on the type of station, the rings transmit load to the columns either by "wedged arches" or through Purlins , forming a "column-purlin complex". The fundamental advantage of the column station is the significantly greater connection between the halls, compared with
3375-505: Is a year-round greenmarket every Sunday morning at Travers Park , as well as various family-oriented spring and summer concerts. In the 1920s, LGBT actors working in the 42nd Street theater scene decided to make their homes in Jackson Heights due to the lack of affordability of Manhattan neighborhoods and the easy accessibility of the 7 train. That was the beginning of what is now the second largest gay community in New York City. Until
3500-620: Is also close to the Forest Hills Tower , which has housed Plaza College since 2014 and also contains administrative offices for FEMA ; it formerly housed the headquarters of JetBlue Airways and a public relations office for Con Edison , but the JetBlue office has since moved to the Brewster Building in Long Island City . A retired IRT redbird , R33 car 9075 , was displayed at the east end of Queens Borough Hall on 82nd Avenue during
3625-558: Is also considered part of East Elmhurst. Bordering St. Michaels Cemetery to the west, the airfield was also called the Grand Central Air Terminal and Grand Central Airport. Holmes Airport shut down in 1940, one year after LaGuardia Airport opened. The neighborhood grew steadily from the 1920s to the 1950s, with construction slowing during the Depression and booming back again after World War II. Holmes Airport operated from 1929 to 1940 on 220 acres (89 ha) adjacent to
3750-410: Is an example. The pylon station is a type of deep underground subway station. The basic distinguishing characteristic of the pylon station is the manner of division of the central hall from the station tunnels The pylon station consists of three separate halls, separated from each other by a row of pylons with passages between them. The independence of the halls allows the architectural form of
3875-493: Is at the expense of character. Metro stations usually feature prominent poster and video advertising, especially at locations where people are waiting, producing an alternative revenue stream for the operator . The shallow column station is a type of construction of subway stations, with the distinguishing feature being an abundance of supplementary supports for the underground cavity. Most designs employ metal columns or concrete and steel columns arranged in lines parallel to
Kew Gardens–Union Turnpike station - Misplaced Pages Continue
4000-400: Is carefully planned to provide easy access to important urban facilities such as roads, commercial centres, major buildings and other transport nodes . Most stations are located underground, with entrances/exits leading up to ground or street level. The bulk of the station is typically positioned under land reserved for public thoroughfares or parks . Placing the station underground reduces
4125-753: Is decorated with tiles spelling the Déclaration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen . Every metro station in Valencia , Spain has a different sculpture on the ticket-hall level. Alameda station is decorated with fragments of white tile, like the dominant style of the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències . Each of the original four stations in the Olympic Green on Line 8 of the Beijing Subway are decorated in Olympic styles, while
4250-422: Is divided into an unpaid zone connected to the street, and a paid zone connected to the train platforms. The ticket barrier allows passengers with valid tickets to pass between these zones. The barrier may be operated by staff or more typically with automated turnstiles or gates that open when a transit pass is scanned or detected. Some metro systems dispense with paid zones and validate tickets with staff in
4375-540: Is famous for its Art Nouveau station entrances; while the Athens Metro is known for its display of archeological relics found during construction. However, it is not always the case that metro designers strive to make all stations artistically unique. Sir Norman Foster 's new system in Bilbao , Spain uses the same modern architecture at every station to make navigation easier for the passenger, though some may argue that this
4500-458: Is in between the two mezzanines and it would rest atop the roof of the subway station platform. There are three sets of entrances from street level that lead to the station's mezzanine. To the western mezzanine, there are two staircases leading to the north side of Queens Boulevard east of 78th Avenue, adjacent to the Q46 bus stop, and a single staircase leading to the south side of Queens Boulevard. Since
4625-453: Is located adjacent to this staircase. In addition, walkways are located either side of the Union Turnpike underpass, which themselves lead to the mezzanine on their respective side. A staircase at the southeastern corner of Union Turnpike and Queens Boulevard, along with the street elevator, leads to the eastern walkway, which then feeds into the eastern mezzanine. A staircase at the northwestern corner of Union Turnpike and Queens Boulevard led to
4750-640: Is only one vault (hence the name). The first single-vault stations were built in Leningrad in 1975: Politekhnicheskaya and Ploshchad Muzhestva . Not long after, the first two-level single-vault transfer stations were opened in Washington DC in 1976: L'Enfant Plaza , Metro Center and Gallery Place . In the Moscow Metro there is only one deep underground single-vault station, Timiryazevskaya , in addition to several single-vault stations at shallow depth. In
4875-788: Is provided by the Q46 , and the Q10 and Q37 , respectively. The Queens Boulevard Line was one of the first built by the city-owned Independent Subway System (IND), and was planned to stretch between the IND Eighth Avenue Line in Manhattan and 178th Street and Hillside Avenue in Jamaica, Queens. The line was first proposed in 1925. Construction of the line was approved by the New York City Board of Estimate on October 4, 1928. As planned, Union Turnpike
5000-532: Is represented by the New York City Council 's 21st and 25th districts. From colonial times to the 1900s, the area now known as Jackson Heights was a vast marsh named Trains Meadow. Urbanization at the turn of the century was creating a New York City housing shortage and urban sprawl . In 1909, Edward A. MacDougall's Queensboro Corporation bought 325 acres (132 ha) of undeveloped land and farms and christened them Jackson Heights after John C. Jackson,
5125-490: Is unusual in that its mezzanine is split in two halves: one to the northwest of Union Turnpike, and one to the southeast. This is because Union Turnpike and the Jackie Robinson Parkway cross under Queens Boulevard at this location, but over the Queens Boulevard Line tracks. The mezzanine and the Union Turnpike underpass are on the same level, and Union Turnpike splits the mezzanine in half, with no connection between
Kew Gardens–Union Turnpike station - Misplaced Pages Continue
5250-466: The <F> train during rush hours in the reverse peak direction. Despite the station's name, Union Turnpike forms the border between Kew Gardens and Forest Hills, and the station straddles that border, with multiple entrances located in each neighborhood. The station opened on December 31, 1936 as the new terminal for the Independent Subway System 's Queens Boulevard Line. The opening of
5375-756: The Jackson Heights Historic District , which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. A smaller part of the original garden city neighborhood was placed in a New York City historic district of the same name in 1993. Jackson Heights is in Queens Community District 3 and its ZIP Code is 11372. The zip code 11370 is co-named with East Elmhurst. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department 's 115th Precinct. Politically, Jackson Heights
5500-469: The Mexico City Metro is prominently identified by a unique icon in addition to its name, because the city had high illiteracy rates at the time the system was designed. Some metro systems, such as those of Naples , Stockholm , Moscow , St. Petersburg , Tashkent , Kyiv , Montreal , Lisbon , Kaohsiung and Prague are famous for their beautiful architecture and public art . The Paris Métro
5625-659: The Montreal Metro . In Prague Metro , there are two underground stations built as single-vault, Kobylisy and Petřiny . In the Bucharest Metro , Titan station is built in this method. The cavern station is a metro station built directly inside a cavern . Many stations of the Stockholm Metro , especially on the Blue line, were built in man-made caverns; instead of being enclosed in a tunnel, these stations are built to expose
5750-551: The Moscow Metro , typical pylon station are Kievskaya-Koltsevaya , Smolenskaya of the Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line, Oktyabrskaya-Koltsevaya , and others. In the Saint Petersburg Metro , pylon stations include Ploshchad Lenina , Pushkinskaya , Narvskaya , Gorkovskaya , Moskovskie Vorota , and others. The construction of a single-vault station consists of a single wide and high underground hall, in which there
5875-546: The Nizhny Novgorod Metro there are four such stations: Park Kultury , Leninskaya , Chkalovskaya and Kanavinskaya . In the Saint Petersburg Metro all single-vault stations are deep underground, for example Ozerki , Chornaya Rechka , Obukhovo , Chkalovskaya , and others. Most of the underground stations of the Washington, D.C.'s Metro system are single-vault designs, as are all the single-line vaulted stations in
6000-406: The 1930s, gave the apartments a more spacious feel, and the landscaped interior courtyard is one of the historic district's largest. After the 1940s, Jackson Heights's real estate was diversified, with more apartment buildings and cooperatives built with elevators; some new transportation infrastructure was also built. In 1929, Holmes Airport opened in the northern section of Jackson Heights that
6125-531: The 1960s and 1970s, but in Saint Petersburg , because of the difficult soil conditions and dense building in the centre of the city this was impossible. The Saint Petersburg Metro has only five shallow-depth stations altogether, with three of them having the column design: Avtovo , Leninsky Prospekt , and Prospekt Veteranov . The first of these is less typical, as it is buried at a significant depth, and has only one surface vestibule. A deep column station
6250-420: The 1960s, Jackson Heights's white middle-class families began moving to the suburbs, and nonwhite residents began moving in. Jackson Heights retains much of its residential character. It also has numerous commercial establishments clustered along 37th Avenue, as well as on several side streets served by subway stations. Most of the surviving garden city neighborhood is part of a national historic district called
6375-571: The 1990s, LGBT activities in Jackson Heights were usually held surreptitiously and at night due to a constant fear of backlash. As the neighborhood continued to grow, more spaces for the gay community were added. One of those was the Queens Center for Gay Seniors, which was created using grant money and is still the only senior center in Queens serving the LGBT community specifically. The LGBT community became
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#17328527104386500-516: The 2000s and 2010s. The Redbird car was formerly a visitor center for the Queens Borough Hall, but the visitor center closed in 2015 due to low patronage, and the car was later used as a filming location. Queens borough president Donovan Richards placed the subway car for auction in June 2022; it was sold to a private citizen for $ 235,700. Metro station A metro station or subway station
6625-500: The 2000s. The New York Times has called it "the most culturally diverse neighborhood in New York, if not on the planet." According to the 2010 United States Census , the neighborhood has a population of 108,152. The site of Jackson Heights was a vast marsh named Trains Meadow until 1909 when Edward A. MacDougall's Queensboro Corporation bought 325 acres (132 ha) of undeveloped land and farms. The Queensboro Corporation named
6750-523: The IND Queens Boulevard Line was extended four stops to 169th Street , with 169th Street and Parsons Boulevard serving as terminals. On December 15, 1940, F trains began running via the newly opened IND Sixth Avenue Line and along the Queens Boulevard Line's express tracks; they stopped at the Union Turnpike station. On November 23, 1941, the Q37 bus operated by Green Bus Lines was extended to
6875-577: The Interboro Parkway (now known as the Jackie Robinson Parkway). In August 1988, as part of the MTA's Arts for Transit program, a series of wooden sculptures depicting cirrus clouds made by Krystyna Spisak-Madejczyk, titled "Underground Skies-Cloud Forest", was installed on either side of the twenty support columns in the station's western mezzanine. $ 5,000 in funding for the project was provided by
7000-600: The LGBTQ community into protesting his death with a candlelight vigil, the formation of several LGBTQ activist groups, and the foundation of the Queens Pride Parade . Two years later, journalist Manuel de Dios Unanue was murdered after authoring articles in El Diario La Prensa about the proliferation of Colombian cartels embedded within the business community along Roosevelt Avenue. Seeking to distance themselves from
7125-559: The MTA, with the Polish American Artist Society matching that contribution. In July 2006, the MTA began work on an $ 13.9 million project to make the station compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 . As part of the project, three elevators were installed in the station, one between each platform and the eastern mezzanine, and one from that mezzanine to the street. A ramp and cube-glass walls were installed in
7250-519: The NYCTA experimented with ways to make train doors easier to open and a public relations campaign to increase awareness of the dangers of boarding trains as their doors closed. Following the pilot, the NYCTA began installing CCTV and mirrors at stations with curves more widely, including at this station. In the 1970s, when the New York City Subway was at an all-time low, following the general trend of
7375-483: The Queensboro Corporation paid $ 50 to radio station WEAF to broadcast a ten-minute sales pitch for apartments in Jackson Heights, in what may have been the first " infomercial ", opening with a few words about Nathaniel Hawthorne before promoting the corporation's Nathaniel Hawthorne apartments. The ad wanted viewers to: seek the recreation and the daily comfort of the home removed from the congested part of
7500-481: The Register Districts. The national historic district called the Jackson Heights Historic District , includes 2,203 contributing buildings, 19 contributing sites, and three contributing objects. Among the landmarked buildings, over 200 original Queensboro Corporation apartment buildings still exist in Jackson Heights. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. Almost 600 buildings in
7625-688: The State and National Districts, the local designation comes with aesthetic protections. In addition to the Jackson Heights Historic District, the Lent Homestead and Cemetery and Jackson Heights post office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The main retail thoroughfare is 37th Avenue from 72nd Street to Junction Boulevard, with more retail on 73rd, 74th, and 82nd streets between 37th and Roosevelt avenues. Stores and restaurants on and near 74th Street tend to cater to
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#17328527104387750-524: The Union Turnpike station were also used at Briarwood and Sutphin Boulevard , the local stations between Union Turnpike and Parsons Boulevard. Midnight blue I-beam columns run along both platforms, alternating ones having the standard black station name plate reading "Union T'pke" in white lettering. On many of the columns separating the express tracks are old white signs that read "UNION TPKE" in black lettering, though several have been removed. This station
7875-546: The ages of 0–17, 32% between 25 and 44, and 24% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 9% and 12% respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community Board 3 was $ 56,601. In 2018, an estimated 25% of Jackson Heights residents lived in poverty, compared to 19% in all of Queens and 20% in all of New York City. One in fourteen residents (7%) were unemployed, compared to 8% in Queens and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or
8000-423: The arrival of the Flushing Line in 1917. The Queensboro Corporation coined the name " garden apartment " to convey the concept of apartments built around private parks . Although land for churches was provided, the apartments were limited to White Anglo-Saxon Protestants , excluding Jews, Blacks, and perhaps Greeks and Italians. Several Jackson Heights buildings were built by the Queensboro Corporation as part of
8125-469: The bedrock in which they are excavated. The Stockholm Metro also has a depot facility built in a cavern system. In the Hong Kong MTR , examples of stations built into caverns include Tai Koo station on Hong Kong Island , Other examples in the city include Sai Wan Ho, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong University and Lei Tung stations. Jackson Heights, Queens Jackson Heights is a neighborhood in
8250-487: The beginning of the case, the police department categorized the assault as drug-related, because Rivera had been a longtime cocaine user and they found traces of cocaine on his body. However, after Rivera's friends and relatives advocated for the case to be examined further, the NYPD concluded that Rivera's death had been an anti-gay crime, and the three men involved were charged with murder and manslaughter. If it wasn't for Julio
8375-588: The border of neighboring Corona at Junction Boulevard. Roosevelt Avenue is also lined with various mainly Hispanic retail stores. Along Roosevelt Avenue from 74th to 108th Streets, street food from all over the world is made and sold at food carts "currently dominated by the Mexican community". Typical cart food includes Bengali fuchka ( phuchka ), Middle Eastern lamb over rice, Nepalese momo , Colombian chuzos and arepas , Greek souvlaki , Ecuadorian ceviche , Thai steamed chicken over rice, and Mexican elotes (corn on
8500-413: The building blocks. The Hampton Gardens, the Château, and the Towers followed in the 1920s. The Château and the Towers, both co-ops on 34th Avenue, had large, airy apartments and elevators. Until 1922, elevators were required to have attendants and more modest buildings were constructed as walk-ups not exceeding five floors. The elegant Château cooperative apartment complex, with 12 buildings surrounding
8625-432: The building of the Queens Boulevard Line, several blocks of land along Queens Boulevard were rezoned so that fifteen-story apartment buildings could be built. On December 18, 1931, Robert Moses , president of the Long Island State Park Commission , announced that the New York City Board of Transportation halted work on the construction of the station to revise the plan for the underpass under Queens Boulevard to eliminate
8750-444: The central and side halls to be differentiated. This is especially characteristic in the non-metro Jerusalem–Yitzhak Navon railway station , constructed as a pylon station due to its 80-meter depth, where the platform halls are built to superficially resemble an outdoor train station. Building stations of the pylon type is preferable in difficult geological situations, as such a station is better able to oppose earth pressure. However,
8875-462: The city, right at the boundaries of God's great outdoors, and within a few minutes by subway from the business section of Manhattan ... The cry of the heart is for more living room, more chance to unfold, more opportunity to get near Mother Earth, to play, to romp, to plant and to dig ... Let me enjoin upon you as you value your health and your hopes and your home happiness, get away from the solid masses of brick ... where your children grow up starved for
9000-608: The community. Following the development of Long Island in the 1960s, Jackson Heights' white middle-class families began moving further out into the suburbs. At the same time the neighborhood experienced an influx of ethnically diverse professionals from Latin America and the Indian subcontinent taking advantage of the 1965 Immigration Reform Act , which allowed them to arrange the immigration of their families. White residents' resistance to integration with African-Americans continued late into
9125-607: The community. Later, its land became veterans' housing and the Bulova watch factory site. By 1930, artists from the Manhattan theater district, many of whom were homosexual, had moved into the area, forming the beginnings of the second largest LGBTQ community in New York outside of Manhattan. Jews were allowed to move in by the 1940s. In the 1950s, middle-class businessmen from Colombia, escaping violence and repression in Latin America, brought their financial capital and their families to
9250-542: The community. Periodically, the Society testifies before the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission on issues of concern to the community. The 82nd Street Partnership is responsible for the business improvement of the area. In addition, Colombian broadcaster RCN TV has its US-American headquarters in the neighborhood, reflecting the sizable Colombian population in the area. There
9375-424: The corporation divided the land into blocks and building lots, as well as installed streets, sidewalks, and power, water, and sewage lines. The Laurel apartment building on 82nd Street at Northern Boulevard was the first of Jackson Heights's Queensboro Corporation buildings, completed in 1914 with a small courtyard. The Greystones on either side of 80th Street between 37th and 35th avenues were completed in 1918 with
9500-522: The decade, and Junction Boulevard came to be called the "Mason-Dixon Line", as it divided Jackson Heights from the black communities in East Elmhurst and Corona. By the mid-1970s, Roosevelt Avenue had become the neighborhood's commercial center and also gained national attention as a place for organized crime. A 1993 New York Times article detailed how wire transfer services in Jackson Heights inadvertently enabled Colombian cartels to repatriate, and in
9625-582: The downtown stations are decorated traditionally with elements of Chinese culture. On the Tyne and Wear Metro , the station at Newcastle United 's home ground St James' Park is decorated in the clubs famous black and white stripes. Each station of the Red Line and Purple Line subway in Los Angeles was built with different artwork and decorating schemes, such as murals, tile artwork and sculptural benches. Every station of
9750-454: The eastern end, for eastbound trains, and the other is located at the western end, for westbound trains. Each switch allow trains to cross-over between the local and express tracks in the same direction. East of the station there is a flying junction that connects to the Jamaica Yard via a wye that curves east from the yard towards Briarwood . A second side of the wye curves west to become
9875-572: The elevated IRT Flushing Line —the present-day 7 train, just 20 minutes from Midtown Manhattan —in 1917, and the Fifth Avenue Coach Company double-decker coaches in 1922. Jackson Heights was conceived as a planned development for middle- to upper-middle-income workers looking to escape an overcrowded Manhattan. Inspired by Sir Ebenezer Howard 's garden city movement , it was laid out by Edward MacDougall's Queensboro Corporation in 1916 and began attracting residents after
10000-452: The entire platform is screened from the track by a wall, typically of glass, with automatic platform-edge doors (PEDs). These open, like elevator doors, only when a train is stopped, and thus eliminate the hazard that a passenger will accidentally fall (or deliberately jump ) onto the tracks and be run over or electrocuted . Control over ventilation of the platform is also improved, allowing it to be heated or cooled without having to do
10125-615: The extension to Jamaica was suspended for 15 months and was halted by strikes. Construction was further delayed due to a strike in 1935, instigated by electricians opposing wages paid by the General Railway Signal Company . In August 1936, tracks were installed all the way to 178th Street, and the stations to Union Turnpike were completed. On December 31, 1936, the IND Queens Boulevard Line was extended by eight stops, and 3.5 miles (5.6 km), from its previous terminus at Roosevelt Avenue to Union Turnpike. The construction of
10250-514: The extension to Kew Gardens brought significant growth to Queens, specifically in Forest Hills and Kew Gardens. New apartment buildings were being built as a result of the subway line, and it transformed both Forest Hills and Kew Gardens from quiet residential communities of one-family houses to active population centers. Following the line's completion, there was an increase in the property values of buildings around Queens Boulevard. On April 24, 1937,
10375-449: The former USSR there is currently only one such station: Arsenalna in Kyiv . In Jerusalem, two planned underground heavy rail stations, Jerusalem–Central and Jerusalem–Khan , will be built this way. In Moscow, there were such stations, but they have since been rebuilt: Lubyanka and Chistiye Prudy are now ordinary pylon stations, and Paveletskaya-Radialnaya is now a column station. In
10500-518: The highest elevation in the vicinity. The addition of the term "Heights" echoed the prestige of the neighborhood of Brooklyn Heights and indicated that Jackson Heights was meant to be an exclusive neighborhood. At that time the area could most easily be reached by ferry from Manhattan or the Brooklyn Bridge . More direct access came with the Queensboro Bridge in 1909, This was followed by
10625-447: The land Jackson Heights after Jackson Avenue, which was in turn named after John C. Jackson, a descendant of one of the original Queens families. He was a respected Queens entrepreneur. Jackson Avenue was the northern border of the ambitious Garden City development of the Queensboro Corporation. Further development arose through the development of transit and "garden apartments". "Garden homes" soon became prevalent in Jackson Heights. During
10750-558: The large population from the Indian subcontinent in the neighborhood, with sari and jewelry stores, Indian and Bengali music and movie retailers and many restaurants. 37th Avenue contains a wide mix of retailers, including many grocery stores, and 82nd Street contains many national chain stores located in Tudor-style buildings in the Jackson Heights Historic District. South American retailers and eateries, predominantly from Colombia and Peru dominate Northern Boulevard from 80th Street east to
10875-606: The largest concentration of Colombians in the United States of any county (roughly 135,000). The 2015 documentary In Jackson Heights portrays Jackson Heights as a microcosm of the American melting pot . The word game Scrabble was co-invented by former architect Alfred Mosher Butts , who lived in Jackson Heights. There is a street sign at 35th Avenue and 81st Street that is stylized using letters, with their values in Scrabble as
11000-447: The level of the train tracks. The physical, visual and economic impact of the station and its operations will be greater. Planners will often take metro lines or parts of lines at or above ground where urban density decreases, extending the system further for less cost. Metros are most commonly used in urban cities, with great populations. Alternatively, a preexisting railway land corridor is re-purposed for rapid transit. At street level
11125-409: The limited number of narrow passages limits the throughput between the halls. The pylon station was the earliest type of deep underground station. One variation is the so-called London-style station. In such stations the central hall is reduced to the size of an anteroom, leading to the inclined walkway or elevators. In some cases the anteroom is also the base of the escalators. In the countries of
11250-408: The logo of the metro company marks the entrances/exits of the station. Usually, signage shows the name of the station and describes the facilities of the station and the system it serves. Often there are several entrances for one station, saving pedestrians from needing to cross a street and reducing crowding. A metro station typically provides ticket vending and ticket validating systems. The station
11375-457: The long axis of the station. Stations can be double-span with a single row of columns, triple-span with two rows of columns, or multi-span. The typical shallow column station in Russia is triple-span, assembled from concrete and steel, and is from 102 to 164 metres in length with a column spacing of 4–6 m. Along with the typical stations, there are also specially built stations. For example, one of
11500-565: The name changed to "Eagle", a Bollywood theater before a strike in the Bollywood industry caused the theater to close permanently in 2009; it is now a food court selling cuisine of the Indian subcontinent . The Fair Theatre, in the area that overlaps with East Elmhurst, opened in 1939 at Astoria Boulevard and 90th Street, became a porn theater. The Polk Theater, on 37th (formerly Polk) Avenue and 93rd Street, opened in 1938 and closed in 2006; it also
11625-553: The nation. Half of the population was foreign-born by the 2000s. It is home to large numbers of South Americans (particularly Colombian, Ecuadorian and Argentinian) and South Asians (Bangladeshis, Pakistanis, Tibetans, Nepalese, and Indians). Because of its large and vibrant Tibetan community, it has been called "the second (if unofficial) capital of the exile Tibetan world, after Dharamsala , India." Most businesses are Asian- and Latino-owned, and there are restaurants, bakeries, specialty shops, legal offices, bars, and beauty salons. There
11750-450: The neighborhood —a rectangle stretching roughly from 76th to 88th Streets and from Roosevelt Avenue almost up to Northern Boulevard—were designated as a New York City Historic District by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission on October 19, 1993. It comprises large apartment buildings with private communal gardens, as well as many groupings of private homes and many stores on the streets surrounding Roosevelt Avenue . Unlike
11875-460: The northwestern part of the borough of Queens in New York City . Jackson Heights is neighbored by North Corona to the east, Elmhurst to the south, Woodside to the west, and today northern Astoria ( Ditmars-Steinway ) to the northwest, and East Elmhurst to the north and northeast. Jackson Heights has an ethnically diverse community, with half the population having been foreign-born since
12000-399: The outer local tracks at all times while the E stops on the center express tracks weekdays ( Manhattan -bound from approximately 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., Jamaica -bound from 7:30 a.m. to 7:45 p.m.) and on the outer tracks at all other times. The next stop to the west is Forest Hills–71st Avenue for express trains and 75th Avenue for local trains. The next stop to the east
12125-409: The outside area occupied by the station, allowing vehicles and pedestrians to continue using the ground-level area in a similar way as before the station's construction. This is especially important where the station is serving high-density urban precincts, where ground-level spaces are already heavily utilised. In other cases, a station may be elevated above a road, or at ground level depending on
12250-563: The passageway connecting the new elevator and the mezzanine. Other improvements that were part of the project included the addition of station agent booths that catered to wheelchair users, as well as new railings, station signs, station payphones , tactile yellow strips along the platforms, and platform fillings to reduce gaps between trains and platforms. The elevator installation was completed in July 2008. This underground express station has four tracks and two island platforms . The F train stops on
12375-520: The percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 59% in Jackson Heights, slightly higher than the boroughwide and citywide rates of 53% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Jackson Heights is considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying . As of 2017, nearly 11% of households in Jackson Heights were severely overcrowded—defined as households in which there are more than 1.5 household members for each room (excluding bathrooms) in
12500-426: The population. The entirety of Queens Community District 3 , which comprises Jackson Heights as well as East Elmhurst and North Corona, had 179,844 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 84.7 years. This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are middle-aged adults and youth: 22% are between
12625-518: The portrayal of Jackson Heights as a crime-ridden neighborhood, some residents argued that de Dios had been murdered in Elmhurst, as the restaurant where he was attacked was on the south side of Roosevelt Avenue. Following the reduction of crime in New York City during the late 1990s, the market for illicit substances that fed the Colombian cocaine industry in Jackson Heights eventually decreased, leading to
12750-604: The process launder, millions of dollars in drug money to South America alongside customers who used the service to transfer legally earned money. The violence that ensued as a result of the growing Jackson Heights illegal drug trade is described in this excerpt from a 1978 New York magazine article titled "Gunfights in the Cocaine Corral": Over the past three years, in this nice, quiet neighborhood, 27 people have been killed and dozens have been injured.... The violence spreads to surround neighborhoods as cops and prosecutors fight
12875-481: The same for the tunnels. The doors add cost and complexity to the system, and trains may have to approach the station more slowly so they can stop in accurate alignment with them. Metro stations, more so than railway and bus stations, often have a characteristic artistic design that can identify each stop. Some have sculptures or frescoes. For example, London's Baker Street station is adorned with tiles depicting Sherlock Holmes . The tunnel for Paris' Concorde station
13000-646: The same name. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Jackson Heights was 108,152, a decrease of 5,175 (4.6%) from the 113,327 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 1,101.36 acres (445.70 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 98.2 inhabitants per acre (62,800/sq mi; 24,300/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 17.2% (18,567) White , 2.0% (2,210) African American , 0.1% (145) Native American , 22.0% (23,781) Asian , 0.0% (9) Pacific Islander , 0.5% (583) from other races , and 1.6% (1,736) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 56.5% (61,121) of
13125-768: The spans may be replaced with a monolithic vault (as in the Moskovskaya station of the Samara Metro or Sibirskaya of the Novosibirsk Metro ). In some cases, one of the rows of columns may be replaced with a load-bearing wall. Such a dual hall, one-span station, Kashirskaya , was constructed to provide a convenient cross-platform transfer. Recently, stations have appeared with monolithic concrete and steel instead of assembled pieces, as Ploshchad Tukaya in Kazan . The typical shallow column station has two vestibules at both ends of
13250-408: The station among the 69 most deteriorated stations in the subway system. In September 1985, Queens Community Board 6 held a meeting on the proposed closure of the entrances to the station from Union Turnpike in the underpass under Queens Boulevard. These entrances, which were used by people being dropped off or picked up by cars, had been already closed for more than a year during the reconstruction of
13375-468: The station brought significant growth to the adjacent communities of Forest Hills and Kew Gardens, transforming them from quiet residential communities to active population centers. The station became compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 in 2008 with the installation of three elevators and a ramp. Today, the station serves as a major transfer point between the subway and local buses. Bus service to eastern Queens or southern-central Queens
13500-406: The station is centered to the north side of Queens Boulevard, a longer passageway connects the mezzanine to the staircase on the south side of the street. To the eastern mezzanine, there are two staircases leading to 80th Road and Queens Boulevard, one for each side of the boulevard, and a staircase leading to the southeastern corner of Queens Boulevard and Union Turnpike. An elevator to this mezzanine
13625-486: The station to provide a transfer to the subway. In the 1950s, an unfinished stairway leading to the busy Q44A bus stop on the north side of Queens Boulevard at 78th Avenue was completed. Having only one staircase had resulted in dangerous conditions. As part of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA)'s 1975–1981 transit program, lighting at the station was improved. In 1981, the MTA listed
13750-470: The station, most often combined with below-street crossings. For many metro systems outside Russia, the typical column station is a two-span station with metal columns, as in New York City, Berlin, and others. In Chicago, underground stations of the Chicago 'L' are three-span stations if constructed with a centre platform. In the Moscow Metro , approximately half of the stations are of shallow depth, built in
13875-401: The station. This is resolved with elevators, taking a number of people from street level to the unpaid ticketing area, and then from the paid area to the platform. In addition, there will be stringent requirements for emergencies, with backup lighting , emergency exits and alarm systems installed and maintained. Stations are a critical part of the evacuation route for passengers escaping from
14000-437: The tennis courts, community garden, and the former golf course—between 76th and 78th streets and 34th and 37th avenues—all of which were built upon during the 1940s and 1950s. The corporation also began erecting traditional six-story apartment buildings. Dunolly Gardens, the last garden apartment Thomas designed, was an exception, a modernistic group of six buildings completed in 1939. The corner windows, considered innovative in
14125-529: The train carriages. Access from the street to ticketing and the train platform is provided by stairs , concourses , escalators , elevators and tunnels. The station will be designed to minimise overcrowding and improve flow, sometimes by designating tunnels as one way. Permanent or temporary barriers may be used to manage crowds. Some metro stations have direct connections to important nearby buildings (see underground city ). Most jurisdictions mandate that people with disabilities must have unassisted use of
14250-430: The two halves outside of fare control . Each mezzanine has three staircases leading to each platform. The eastern (railroad north) half of the mezzanine contains the station's full-time token booth. However, the western (railroad south) half, which serves riders of the heavily used Q46 bus line that runs along Union Turnpike , had its token booth closed and removed. A piece of artwork, Underground Skies-Cloud Forest, that
14375-465: The underpass that carries Union Turnpike and the Jackie Robinson Parkway. While the open eastern walkway is blocked from the underpass with a cube-glass wall, the closed western walkway is blocked from the underpass with a chain-link fence. A signal and switch tower is located at the north end of the northbound platform. There are two diamond crossovers near this station: one is located at
14500-406: The underpass with a subway station underneath was a massive undertaking. Three levels were required in order for the underpass and the subway station to be built. The upper level that was built was Queens Boulevard, which carries traffic east and west. The second level is an underpass that carries four lanes of Union Turnpike (and now also the Jackie Robinson Parkway) under the Boulevard. The underpass
14625-589: The underpass. The first section of the line opened on August 19, 1933 from the connection to the Eighth Avenue Line at 50th Street to Roosevelt Avenue in Jackson Heights . Later that year, a $ 23 million loan was approved to finance the remainder of the line, along with other IND lines. The remainder of the line was built by the Public Works Administration . In 1934 and 1935, construction of
14750-539: The unique architecture of its buildings, while others move for its cultural diversity. Most of the original neighborhood, comprising the garden city apartment buildings, was made a National Register Historic District and a New York State Historic Register District. The Jackson Heights New York State and National Register Districts range from 93rd Street through 69th Street between Northern Boulevard and Roosevelt Avenue. Some property fronting on Northern Boulevard and Roosevelt Avenue, as well as some "cut-outs", are not inside
14875-410: The unit—making it the second most overcrowded neighborhood in the city, behind only Elmhurst. The 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning showed that there were 54,300 Hispanic residents, 27,600 Asian residents, there were between 10,000 to 19,999 White residents and less than 5000 Black residents. Jackson Heights is among the most diverse neighborhoods in New York City and
15000-502: The western walkway, but both have been sealed and converted to employee facilities. Automobiles and buses were formerly allowed to drop off and pick up passengers along those walkways (similar to stations on the IND Concourse Line ), but car access is currently blocked. The underpass is graded east to allow for natural drainage. The lower level of the station contains the subway tracks, which are located about 20 feet (6.1 m) below
15125-539: Was a porn theater during its later years, before it was demolished in 2008. The Colony Theater, on 82nd Street north of Roosevelt Avenue, opened in 1935 and closed in 1991. The Jackson, later an Indian-owned theater called the Jackson Heights Cinema, on 82nd Street south of Roosevelt Avenue, was demolished in March 2017. The Boulevard Theater, on Northern Boulevard and 83rd Street, is now a Latin-American restaurant of
15250-476: Was designed by artist Krystyna Spisak-Madejczyk was installed in this half of the station mezzanine. This was a project of the Polish American Artist Society , and it was sponsored by the MTA Arts for Transit /Creative Stations Program. The intersection of Union Turnpike and Queens Boulevard was grade-separated in conjunction with the construction of the subway station. This project cost $ 250,000. The construction of
15375-582: Was investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board . Following this incident, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) created a task force to investigate safety features that would reduce the number of draggings. The NYCTA installing closed-circuit televisions (CCTV) at three stations and platform mirrors at ten stations on a pilot basis so train conductors could better see around platform curves. In addition,
15500-426: Was privately developed separately from the Queensboro Corporation. The structures on that stretch of 90th Street are mostly Tudor buildings. There were five historic movie theaters in Jackson Heights, which have all been either repurposed or closed. The Art Deco Earle Theater, opened in 1936 on 37th Road between 73rd and 74th streets, was a neighborhood movie theater before becoming a porn theater and then, with
15625-428: Was to be one of the Queens Boulevard Line's five express stops, as well as one of 22 total stops on the line between Seventh Avenue in Manhattan and 178th Street in Queens. The line was constructed using the cut-and-cover tunneling method, and to allow pedestrians to cross, temporary bridges were built over the trenches. One of the proposed stations would have been located at Union Turnpike. A map from June 1925 shows
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