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26-507: The residence is owned by the Finnish Government through Senate Properties . The Meilahti neighborhood where Kesäranta is located is a zone of prohibited airspace . Kesäranta was built in 1873 as the summer villa of architect Frans Ludvig Calonius , under the Swedish name, Bjälbo . At the time of its construction, Meilahti lay outside the boundaries of Helsinki. Initially, Kesäranta was

52-464: A change in governing party or group of parties or a general election. Parliamentary systems have a head of government (who leads the executive, often called ministers ) normally distinct from the head of state (who continues through governmental and electoral changes). In the Westminster type of parliamentary system , the principle of separation of powers is not as entrenched as in some others. Members of

78-570: A two-storey wooden villa, but in 1887, after it was acquired by Carl Robert Ignatius , a cashier at the Bank of Finland , the building was altered to the designs of Elia Heikel , who added a 20-metre tower and a bayside veranda to the building. In 1904, Kesäranta was purchased by the State to serve as the summer residence of the Governor-General of Finland . Architect Jac Ahrenberg was commissioned to make

104-639: Is the executive branch and cabinet of Finland , which directs the politics of Finland and is the main source of legislation proposed to the Parliament . The Government has collective ministerial responsibility and represents Finland in the Council of the European Union . In the incumbent Orpo Cabinet , the Government comprises 19 ministers leading 12 ministries . Majority coalition governments have become

130-438: The juditian or executive power , is that part of government which executes the law; in other words, directly makes the key decisions and holds power. The scope of executive power varies greatly depending on the political context in which it emerges, and it can change over time in a given country. In democratic countries, the executive often exercises broad influence over national politics, though limitations are often applied to

156-446: The 2000 constitution. Ministers are not required to be Members of Parliament (MPs), although they often are. Each minister is assisted by a secretary of state ( Finnish : valtiosihteeri ; Swedish : statssekreterare ), a political appointee who serves at the pleasure of the minister. Although ministers' portfolios are divided among the participating political parties, the Government has collective ministerial responsibility , and

182-743: The President of the Republic and the Government, the members of which shall have the confidence of the Parliament. The Government is led by the Prime Minister , considered practically the most powerful single office holder in Finland and often the leader of the largest political party. The Government is composed of 11 ministries plus the Prime Minister's Office. Each ministry is led by at least one minister. Unlike

208-406: The Prime Minister's official residence. In the summertime, the government holds its informal evening sessions at Kesäranta. These take place on Wednesday evenings and date back to the 1930s, when Prime Minister Aimo Cajander adopted the practice of inviting ministers to Kesäranta to discuss and prepare matters to be handled in the Government plenary session on Thursday. A thorough renovation of

234-402: The annual budget and introduces it to Parliament for discussion and approval. If the Government requires more funds mid-year, they have to submit an additional budget proposal to Parliament. For 2018, the central state budget was €55.8 billion, not including municipal budgets and non-departmental bodies like state-owned enterprises . The current Orpo cabinet is Finland's 77th Government, which

260-421: The control of the government bureaucracy , especially in the areas of overall economic or foreign policy . In parliamentary systems, the executive is responsible to the elected legislature, which must maintain the confidence of the legislature or one part of it, if bicameral. In certain circumstances (varying by state), the legislature can express its lack of confidence in the executive, which causes either

286-426: The executive ( ministers ), are also members of the legislature, and hence play an important part in both the writing and enforcing of law. In presidential systems , the directly elected head of government appoints the ministers. The ministers can be directly elected by the voters. In this context, the executive consists of a leader or leader of an office or multiple offices. Specifically, the top leadership roles of

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312-402: The executive branch may include: In a presidential system , the leader of the executive is both the head of state and government. In some cases, such as South Korea , there is a Prime Minister who assists the President, but who is not the head of government. In a parliamentary system , a cabinet minister responsible to the legislature is the head of government, while the head of state

338-400: The executive requires the support and approval of the legislature, the two bodies are "fused" together, rather than being independent. The principle of parliamentary sovereignty means powers possessed by the executive are solely dependent on those granted by the legislature, which can also subject its actions to judicial review. However, the executive often has wide-ranging powers stemming from

364-464: The executive, and interpreted by the judiciary . The executive can also be the source of certain types of law or law-derived rules, such as a decree or executive order . In those that use fusion of powers , typically parliamentary systems , such as the United Kingdom , the executive forms the government, and its members generally belong to the political party that controls the legislature. Since

390-476: The executive. In political systems based on the separation of powers , such as the United States of America , government authority is distributed between several branches in order to prevent power being concentrated in the hands of a single person or group. To achieve this, each branch is subject to checks by the other two; in general, the role of the legislature is to pass laws, which are then enforced by

416-581: The foundation of the Finnish Government; apart from a few historical exceptions, a Government is usually assembled by the representatives of two major parties and a number of smaller parties. The Government is the most important executive body of Finland composed of the ministers. Its supreme powers are based on Section 3, Chapter 1 of the Constitution of Finland (and the subordinate Government Act of 2003 ): The governmental powers are exercised by

442-494: The implementation of an act of Parliament, but cannot contradict it. They are similar to US standing executive orders . A typical example is specifying the actual monetary sums for benefits described in general terms in an act. Decrees form an important body of law alongside acts of Parliament. State funds can be spent only in the framework of the state budget ( Finnish : valtion talousarvio ; Swedish : statsbudget ), which must be confirmed by Parliament. The Government drafts

468-417: The main building took place first in the 1950s and again in the 1980s. The main building was restored to look as it did in the beginning of the century, including the rebuilding of the tower and the veranda, which had been removed in the 1950s. The courtyard of Kesäranta includes a seaside sauna, a maintenance building, a guard's house, a pavilion, a jetty, and a tennis court. In 2017, a blue sign reading "100"

494-429: The majority of legislation . A proposed act ( Finnish : laki ; Swedish : lag ) is drafted in the respective ministry under the direction of its minister, after which it is reviewed by the Government and forwarded as a government proposal ( Finnish : hallituksen esitys ; Swedish : regeringens proposition ) to Parliament for processing and possible amendments. However, since coalition governments have become

520-448: The ministers are expected to follow a government programme agreed upon during government formation talks. The Prime Minister may sit with a subset of the Government in a ministerial committee (cabinet committee), when it is not necessary or desirable to have the entire Government convene. There are government-specific and optional ministerial committees in addition to the four statutory ministerial committees: The Government initiates

546-812: The necessary changes to the building and its furnishings. A new kitchen wing was attached to the main building and a glazed veranda was built on to the side of the building facing the sea. The villa served as the summer residence of Governor-Generals Obolenski, Gerhard, Boeckmann, and Seyn . Following Finland's declaration of its independence in 1917 and the Finnish Civil War in 1918, the German general Rüdiger von der Goltz lived in Kesäranta briefly. Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim also used Kesäranta as an occasional residence during his term as Regent, or Protector of State , from 1918 to 1919. Since 1919, Kesäranta has served as

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572-538: The norm in Finland, the parties represented in the Government usually form the majority in the parliament, making the process somewhat more harmonious. Since 1957, all governments have been majority governments . Before a proposal is enacted into law, it must be confirmed by the President of Finland . As such, the president has the power of a delaying veto as a check against majority politics and potential violations of international agreements. Periods of cohabitation , wherein

598-525: The president and the government represent different political positions, can create strife. The president's veto can be overridden by the Parliament, although this is in practice not done. Parties can also agree to not to vote along party lines but to leave the decision to individual MPs, although this is uncommon. While the Parliament passes acts, the Government or an individual ministry issues decrees ( Finnish : asetus ; Swedish : förordning ) as delegated legislation . Decrees clarify, specify, and guide

624-441: The varying number and portfolios of ministers, the number and names of the ministries are fixed in law. All ministers sit in the Government. The Government itself proposes the number of ministers and their roles for the Parliament of Finland to confirm, and it is possible to reshuffle portfolios during the life of a Government. There are no senior or junior ministers, and ministers without portfolio are no longer permitted under

650-722: Was inaugurated on 20 June 2023. Out of the total 19 ministerial posts, eight ministers are from the National Coalition, seven from the Finns, three from the Swedish People's Party, and one from the Christian Democrats. The incumbent 19 ministers and their associated portfolios are listed below: The following is a list of all Finnish governments since 1917. 77/108 102/200 129/200 112/200 102/200 105/200 Executive (government) The executive , also referred to as

676-398: Was installed on the yard of Kesäranta to commemorate the centennial year of Finnish independence. 60°11′05″N 24°54′22″E  /  60.18468°N 24.90600°E  / 60.18468; 24.90600 Finnish Government The Finnish Government ( Finnish : Suomen valtioneuvosto ; Swedish : Finlands statsråd ; lit.   ' Finland's council of state ' )

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