114-631: Kenneth Alfred Ham (born 20 October 1951) is an Australian Christian fundamentalist , young Earth creationist , apologist and former science teacher, living in the United States. He is the founder, CEO, and former president of Answers in Genesis (AiG), a Christian apologetics organisation that operates the Creation Museum and the Ark Encounter . Ham advocates biblical literalism , believing that
228-500: A systematic theology . The ideology became active in the 1910s after the release of The Fundamentals , a twelve-volume set of essays, apologetic and polemic , written by conservative Protestant theologians in an attempt to defend beliefs which they considered Protestant orthodoxy . The movement became more organized within U.S. Protestant churches in the 1920s, especially among Presbyterians , as well as Baptists and Methodists . Many churches which embraced fundamentalism adopted
342-459: A cause'. Marsden saw fundamentalism arising from a number of preexisting evangelical movements that responded to various perceived threats by joining forces. He argued that Christian fundamentalists were American evangelical Christians who in the 20th century opposed "both modernism in theology and the cultural changes that modernism endorsed. Militant opposition to modernism was what most clearly set off fundamentalism." Others viewing militancy as
456-464: A core characteristic of the fundamentalist movement include Philip Melling, Ung Kyu Pak and Ronald Witherup. Donald McKim and David Wright (1992) argue that "in the 1920s, militant conservatives (fundamentalists) united to mount a conservative counter-offensive. Fundamentalists sought to rescue their denominations from the growth of modernism at home." According to Marsden, recent scholars differentiate "fundamentalists" from "evangelicals" by arguing
570-420: A defeat, but Bryan's death soon afterward created a leadership void that no other fundamentalist leader could fill. Unlike the other fundamentalist leaders, Bryan brought name recognition, respectability, and the ability to forge a broad-based coalition of fundamentalist religious groups to argue in favor of the anti-evolutionist position. Gatewood (1969) analyzes the transition from the anti-evolution crusade of
684-768: A documentary about the Ark Encounter entitled We Believe in Dinosaurs . Filmmakers Monica Long Ross and Clayton Brown followed the story line of a "religious organisation creating their own alternative science in a legitimate looking museum." Ham is married to Mally Ham; the couple have five children. Ham, Ken (2024). The Lie: Unraveling the Myth of Evolution/Millions of Years . Green Forest, Arkansas: Master Books. ISBN 978-1-68344-391-9 . Christian fundamentalism Christian fundamentalism , also known as fundamental Christianity or fundamentalist Christianity ,
798-456: A group of white stockmen, the paper published a long letter from a squatter in defence the killings. The squatter described the Indigenous inhabitants of Australia as "the most degenerate, despicable, and brutal race of beings in existence", writing: "they will, and must become extinct – civilization destroys them – where labor and industry flourish, they die!" The Herald 's editorialisation on
912-526: A high school in Brisbane , where he met John Mackay, another teacher who believed in young Earth creationism. According to Susan and William Trollinger, Ham was "appalled by the fact that some of his students assumed their textbooks that taught evolutionary science successfully proved the Bible to be untrue," and he said the experience "put a 'fire in my bones' to do something about the influence that evolutionary thinking
1026-689: A militant attitude with regard to their core beliefs. Reformed fundamentalists lay heavy emphasis on historic confessions of faith , such as the Westminster Confession of Faith , as well as uphold Princeton theology . Since 1930, many fundamentalist churches in the Baptist tradition (who generally affirm dispensationalism ) have been represented by the Independent Fundamental Churches of America (renamed IFCA International in 1996), while many theologically conservative connexions in
1140-402: A psychology than a theology," with characteristics shared by competing Christian theologies and competing religions. According French, that psychology is one that shares "three key traits": certainty (of a mind unclouded by doubt), ferocity (against perceived enemies of their religion) and solidarity (of "comrades in the foxhole", a virtue surpassing even piety in importance). The latter half of
1254-744: A school principal in several schools throughout Queensland . Ham earned a bachelor's degree in applied science (with an emphasis on environmental biology ) from the Queensland Institute of Technology and holds a Diploma in Education from the University of Queensland . While at university, he was influenced by John C. Whitcomb and Henry M. Morris 's 1961 book The Genesis Flood . Upon graduation in 1975, Ham began teaching science Dalby State High School in Dalby, Queensland . In 1977, Ham began teaching at
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#17328698977461368-600: A shift away from delivering the creationist message to raising donations." Ham was accused of trying to send the Australian ministry into bankruptcy . According to the CMI website, this dispute was amicably settled in April 2009. In 2008, Ham appeared in Bill Maher 's comedy-documentary Religulous . AiG criticised the movie for what it called Maher's "dishonesty last year in gaining access to
1482-550: A week. It is considered a newspaper of record for Australia. The print edition of The Sydney Morning Herald is available for purchase from many retail outlets throughout the Sydney metropolitan area, most parts of regional New South Wales , the Australian Capital Territory and South East Queensland . The Sydney Morning Herald publishes a variety of supplements, including the magazines Good Weekend (included in
1596-417: Is a religious movement emphasizing biblical literalism . In its modern form, it began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries among British and American Protestants as a reaction to theological liberalism and cultural modernism . Fundamentalists argued that 19th-century modernist theologians had misunderstood or rejected certain doctrines , especially biblical inerrancy , which they considered
1710-649: Is a daily tabloid newspaper published in Sydney, Australia, and owned by Nine Entertainment . Founded in 1831 as the Sydney Herald , the Herald is the oldest continuously published newspaper in Australia and claims to be the most widely read masthead in the country. The newspaper is published in compact print form from Monday to Saturday as The Sydney Morning Herald and on Sunday as its sister newspaper, The Sun-Herald and digitally as an online site and app , seven days
1824-495: Is a list of The Sydney Morning Herald 's former journalists. After 40 years as art critic , John McDonald was sacked in September 2024. Fairfax went public in 1957 and grew to acquire interests in magazines, radio, and television. The group collapsed spectacularly on 11 December 1990 when Warwick Fairfax , who was the great-great-grandson of John Fairfax, attempted to privatise the group by borrowing $ 1.8 billion. The group
1938-568: Is a violation of the Racial and Religious Hatred Act of 2006. The movement has its origins in 1878 in a meeting of the "Believers' Meeting for Bible Study" ( Niagara Bible Conference ) in the United States, where 14 fundamental beliefs were established by evangelical pastors. Fundamentalism draws from multiple traditions in British and American theologies during the 19th century. According to authors Robert D. Woodberry and Christian S. Smith, Following
2052-633: Is also sometimes affectionately known as Granny's Column, after a fictional grandmother who supposedly edited it. The column's original logo was a caricature of Sydney Deamer , originator of the column and its author for 14 years. It was edited for 15 years by George Richards, who retired on 31 January 2004. Other editors besides Deamer and Richards have been Duncan Thompson, Bill Fitter, Col Allison, Jim Cunningham, Pat Sheil, and briefly, Peter Bowers and Lenore Nicklin. The column is, as of March 2017, edited by Herald journalist Tim Barlass, who frequently appends reader contributions with puns; and who made
2166-584: Is infrequent, although there are fundamentalist denominations. Reformed fundamentalism includes those denominations in the Reformed tradition (which includes the Continental Reformed , Presbyterian , Reformed Anglican and Reformed Baptist Churches) who adhere to the doctrine of biblical infallibility and lay heavy emphasis on historic confessions of faith, such as the Westminster Confession . Examples of Reformed fundamentalist denominations include
2280-569: Is not very different". According to Olson, a key event was the formation of the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE) in 1942. Barry Hankins (2008) has a similar view, saying "beginning in the 1940s....militant and separatist evangelicals came to be called fundamentalists, while culturally engaged and non-militant evangelicals were supposed to be called evangelicals." Timothy Weber views fundamentalism as "a rather distinctive modern reaction to religious, social and intellectual changes of
2394-763: Is often based around the Russian Orthodox Church or the Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church . Orthodox Christian fundamentalism was often connected strongly to a sense of Russian nationalism , since the Russian Orthodox Church often has a strong connection to the Russian state . This Church-state connection has arguably existed since the time of Vladimir the Great 's conversion. In 2013, composer Andrei Kormukhin and athlete Vladimir Nosov founded
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#17328698977462508-454: Is sometimes mistakenly confused with the term evangelical . The term fundamentalism entered the English language in 1922, and it is often capitalized when it is used in reference to the religious movement. By the end of the 20th century, the term fundamentalism acquired a pejorative connotation, denoting religious fanaticism or extremism , especially when such labeling extended beyond
2622-749: Is the International Network of Churches , formerly known as the "Christian Outreach Centre". A former influential group was the Logos Foundation . The Logos Foundation, led by Howard Carter , was a controversial Christian ministry in the 1970s and 1980s that promoted Reconstructionist , Restorationist , and Dominionist theology. They also actively campaigned for several candidates for Queensland, Australia public office that shared their values (e.g., anti-abortion). The Logos Foundation disbanded shortly after an adulterous affair by Carter became public in 1990. In Russia , Christian fundamentalism
2736-511: Is to see a return of the Russian Tsar as supreme autocrat of Russia . The group as a particular affinity for Tsar Nicolas II . The group has at times referred to Russian president Vladimir Putin as a modern Tsar, though it is unclear as to whether or not this is a message of support for Putin or not. Bible Baptist Churches, Fundamental Baptist Churches or Independent Baptist Churches refuse any form of ecclesial authority other than that of
2850-484: The Association of Independent Methodists , which is fundamentalist in its theological orientation. By the 1970s Protestant fundamentalism was deeply entrenched and concentrated in the U.S. South. In 1972–1980 General Social Surveys , 65 percent of respondents from the "East South Central" region (comprising Tennessee , Kentucky , Mississippi , and Alabama ) self-identified as fundamentalist. The share of fundamentalists
2964-539: The Book of Genesis contained the true origin of the universe and a pattern for society, and that Christians should engage in a culture war against atheism and humanism . With his popularity growing in the United States, Ham left ICR in 1994 and, with colleagues Mark Looy and Mike Zovath, founded Creation Science Ministries with the assistance of what is now Creation Ministries International (Australia). In 1997, Ham's organisation changed its name to Answers in Genesis . From
3078-490: The Civil War , tensions developed between Northern evangelical leaders over Darwinism and higher biblical criticism ; Southerners remained unified in their opposition to both. ... Modernists attempted to update Christianity to match their view of science. They denied biblical miracles and argued that God manifests himself through the social evolution of society. Conservatives resisted these changes. These latent tensions rose to
3192-642: The Coalition at the 2013 and 2016 federal elections , the newspaper endorsed Bill Shorten 's Labor Party in 2019 , after Malcolm Turnbull was ousted as prime minister. At the state level, the Herald has consistently backed the Coalition; the only time since 1973 that it has endorsed a Labor government for New South Wales was Bob Carr 's government in the 2003 election , though it declined to endorse either party three times during this period. The Herald endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in
3306-410: The Creation Museum and AiG President Ken Ham." In March 2011, the board of Great Homeschool Conventions, Inc. (GHC) voted to disinvite Ham and AiG from future conventions. Conference organiser Brennan Dean stated Ham had made "unnecessary, ungodly, and mean-spirited statements that are divisive at best and defamatory at worst". Dean stated further, "We believe Christian scholars should be heard without
3420-585: The Creation Science Foundation (CSF) . As CSF's work expanded, Ham moved to the United States in January 1987 to engage in speaking tours with another young Earth creationist organisation, the Institute for Creation Research (ICR). His "Back to Genesis" lecture series focused on three major themes – that evolutionary theory had led to cultural decay, that a literal reading of the first eleven chapters of
3534-833: The Independent Baptist movement. By the late 1920s the national media had identified it with the South, largely ignoring manifestations elsewhere. In the mid-twentieth century, several Methodists left the mainline Methodist Church and established fundamental Methodist denominations, such as the Evangelical Methodist Church and the Fundamental Methodist Conference (cf. conservative holiness movement ); others preferred congregating in Independent Methodist churches, many of which are affiliated with
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3648-595: The King James Version , a position known as King James Onlyism . Fundamental Methodism includes several connexions , such as the Evangelical Methodist Church and Fundamental Methodist Conference , along with their seminaries such as Breckbill Bible College . Additionally, Methodist connexions in the conservative holiness movement , such as the Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection and Evangelical Methodist Church Conference , herald
3762-668: The National Library of Australia . In March 2024, David Swan, technology editor of SMH and The Age , won the 2023 Gold Lizzie for Best Journalist of the Year at the IT Journalism Awards. He also won Best Technology Journalist and Best Telecommunications Journalist, and was highly commended in the Best Technology Issues category. With The Age , SMH also won Best Consumer Technology Coverage and were highly commended in
3876-664: The Orthodox Presbyterian Church and the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster . Fundamentalists' literal interpretation of the Bible has been criticized by practitioners of biblical criticism for failing to take into account the circumstances in which the Christian Bible was written. Critics claim that this "literal interpretation" is not in keeping with the message which the scripture intended to convey when it
3990-583: The Russian far-right , including neo-Nazis and Third Positionists . The Sorok Sorokov Movement has its own political party as well, called For the Family . Many far-right Russian Christian nationalists have been highly supportive of Russia's unprovoked war with Ukraine . One such group supportive of Russian Orthodox Christian fundamentalist-nationalism is the Union of Orthodox Banner-Bearers . Known for their book burnings and political rallies , their primary goal
4104-576: The Sydney Olympic Games in 2000, Column 8 moved to the back page of the first section from 31 July 2000. As at February 2024, the column is the final column on the Opinion (editorial and letters) pages. The content tends to the quirky, typically involving strange urban occurrences, instances of confusing signs (often in Engrish ), word play , and discussion of more or less esoteric topics. The column
4218-526: The age of the universe is about 13.8 billion years and the age of the Earth is about 4.5 billion years. Arguing that knowledge of evolution and the Big Bang require observation rather than inference , Ham urges asking scientists and science educators, "Were you there?" The Talk.origins archive responds that the evidence for evolution "was there", and that knowledge serves to determine what occurred in
4332-506: The creation narrative in the Book of Genesis is historical fact and that the universe and the Earth were created together approximately 6,000 years ago, contrary to the scientific consensus that the Earth is about 4.5 billion years old and the universe is about 13.8 billion years old . Ham was born 20 October 1951 in Cairns, Queensland . His father, Mervyn, was a Christian educator who served as
4446-440: The five "fundamentals" in 1910, namely The Princeton theology , which responded to higher criticism of the Bible by developing from the 1840s to 1920 the doctrine of inerrancy, was another influence in the movement. This doctrine, also called biblical inerrancy, stated that the Bible was divinely inspired, religiously authoritative, and without error. The Princeton Seminary professor of theology Charles Hodge insisted that
4560-538: The "Five Fundamentals", this arose from the Presbyterian Church issuance of "The Doctrinal Deliverance of 1910". Topics included are statements on the historical accuracy of the Bible and all of the events which are recorded in it as well as the Second Coming of Jesus Christ . Fundamentalism manifests itself in various denominations which believe in various theologies, rather than a single denomination or
4674-612: The "liberal intelligentsia" have grossly overstated the influence of Ken Ham and those espousing similar views because, while "religious ecstasy, however nonsensical, is powerful in a way reason and logic are not", advocates like Ham "represent a marginalised constituency with little power". Ham has been awarded honorary degrees by six Christian colleges: Temple Baptist College (1997), Liberty University (2004), Tennessee Temple University (2010), Mid-Continent University (2012), Bryan College (2017), and Mid-America Baptist Theological Seminary (2018). On February 17, 2020, PBS aired
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4788-411: The 1920s devoted themselves to fighting against the teaching of evolution in the nation's schools and colleges, especially by passing state laws that affected public schools. William Bell Riley took the initiative in the 1925 Scopes Trial by bringing in famed politician William Jennings Bryan and hiring him to serve as an assistant to the local prosecutor, who helped draw national media attention to
4902-443: The 1920s to the creation science movement of the 1960s. Despite some similarities between these two causes, the creation science movement represented a shift from religious to pseudoscientific objections to Darwin's theory. Creation science also differed in terms of popular leadership, rhetorical tone, and sectional focus. It lacked a prestigious leader like Bryan, utilized pseudoscientific argument rather than religious rhetoric, and
5016-599: The 1920s, Christian fundamentalists "differed on how to understand the account of creation in Genesis" but they "agreed that God was the author of creation and that humans were distinct creatures, separate from animals, and made in the image of God." While some of them advocated the belief in Old Earth creationism and a few of them even advocated the belief in evolutionary creation , other "strident fundamentalists" advocated Young Earth Creationism and "associated evolution with last-days atheism." These "strident fundamentalists" in
5130-408: The 1930s, fundamentalism was viewed by many as a "last gasp" vestige of something from the past but more recently, scholars have shifted away from that view. In the early 1940s, evangelicals and fundamentalist Christians began to part ways over whether to separate from modern culture (the fundamentalist approach) or engage with it. An organization very much on the side of separation from modernity
5244-573: The 1930s, including H. Richard Niebuhr , understood the conflict between fundamentalism and modernism to be part of a broader social conflict between the cities and the country. In this view the fundamentalists were country and small-town dwellers who were reacting against the progressivism of city dwellers. Fundamentalism was seen as a form of anti-intellectualism during the 1950s; in the early 1960s American intellectual and historian Richard Hofstadter interpreted it in terms of status anxiety, social displacement, and 'Manichean mentality'. Beginning in
5358-730: The 1980s, the Christian Right began to have a major impact on American politics. In the 1980s and 1990s, the Christian Right was influencing elections and policy with groups such as the Family Research Council (founded 1981 by James Dobson ) and the Christian Coalition (formed in 1989 by Pat Robertson ) helping conservative politicians, especially Republicans , to win state and national elections. A major organization of fundamentalist, pentecostal churches in Australia
5472-518: The Australian branch and the smaller offices in Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa. This splitting into two groups led to the Australian branch renaming themselves Creation Ministries International (CMI). The AiG stayed with Ham and continued to expand its staff and work closely with the Institute for Creation Research (ICR). Young Earth creationist Kurt Wise was recruited by Ham as a consultant to help with
5586-480: The Bible is associated with conservative evangelical hermeneutical approaches to Scripture, ranging from the historical-grammatical method to biblical literalism . The Dallas Theological Seminary , founded in 1924 in Dallas , would have a considerable influence in the movement by training students who will establish various independent Bible Colleges and fundamentalist churches in the southern United States. In
5700-465: The Bible was inerrant because God inspired or "breathed" his exact thoughts into the biblical writers ( 2 Timothy 3 :16). Princeton theologians believed that the Bible should be read differently than any other historical document, and they also believed that Christian modernism and liberalism led people to Hell just like non-Christian religions did. Biblical inerrancy was a particularly significant rallying point for fundamentalists. This approach to
5814-627: The Bible, often using the Scofield Reference Bible of 1909, a King James Version of the Bible with detailed notes which interprets passages from a dispensational perspective. Although U.S. fundamentalism began in the North , the movement's largest base of popular support was in the South, especially among Southern Baptists , where individuals (and sometimes entire churches) left the convention and joined other Baptist denominations and movements which they believed were "more conservative" such as
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#17328698977465928-587: The Creation Research Society in California, all supported by distinguished laymen. They sought to ban evolution as a topic for study, or at least relegate it to the status of unproven theory perhaps taught alongside the biblical version of creation. Educators, scientists, and other distinguished laymen favored evolution. This struggle occurred later in the Southwest than in other US areas and persisted through
6042-739: The Methodist tradition (who adhere to Wesleyan theology ) align with the Interchurch Holiness Convention ; in various countries, national bodies such as the American Council of Christian Churches exist to encourage dialogue between fundamentalist bodies of different denominational backgrounds. Other fundamentalist denominations have little contact with other bodies. A few scholars label Catholic activist conservative associations who reject modern Christian theology in favor of more traditional doctrines as fundamentalists. The term
6156-603: The Orthodox fundamentalist and conservative Christian organization known as the Sorok Sorokov Movement . The Sorok Sorokov Movement was founded in reaction to Pussy Riot 's 2012 protests, which were themselves against increasingly socially conservative policies in Russia, including moves towards decriminalizing wifebeating and criminalizing homosexuality . The Sorok Sorokov Movement has received support from many priests of
6270-714: The Russian Orthodox Church, most notably celebrate priest Vsevolod Chaplin . Chaplin in particular supported the creation of "Orthodox squads" in order to punish people from carrying out "blasphemous acts" in religious places. Some have argues that the Sorok Sorkov Movement has been involved in protecting the construction of Russian Orthodox churches in Moscow , though the facts have been hard to verify with this. Just as many sources have argued that these acts were more in line with violent vigilantism against LGBT people in Russia. The Sorok Sorokov Movement has also been connected to
6384-885: The Saturday edition of The Sydney Morning Herald ); and Sunday Life . There are a variety of lift-outs, some of them co-branded with online classified-advertising sites: The executive editor is James Chessell and the editor is Bevan Shields. Tory Maguire is national editor, Monique Farmer is life editor, and the publisher is chief digital and publishing officer Chris Janz. Former editors include Darren Goodsir, Judith Whelan , Sean Aylmer, Peter Fray, Meryl Constance, Amanda Wilson (the first female editor, appointed in 2011), William Curnow , Andrew Garran , Frederick William Ward (editor from 1884 to 1890), Charles Brunsdon Fletcher , Colin Bingham, Max Prisk, John Alexander, Paul McGeough , Alan Revell, Alan Oakley , and Lisa Davies. The Sydney Herald
6498-515: The Science Guy ") on the topic of whether young Earth creationism is a viable model of origins in the contemporary scientific era. Critics expressed concern that the debate lent the appearance of scientific legitimacy to creationism while also stimulating Ham's fundraising. Nye said the debate was "an opportunity to expose the well-intending Ken Ham and the support he receives from his followers as being bad for Kentucky, bad for science education, bad for
6612-517: The Sputnik era. In recent times, the courts have heard cases on whether or not the Book of Genesis's creation account should be taught in science classrooms alongside evolution, most notably in the 2005 federal court case Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District . Creationism was presented under the banner of intelligent design , with the book Of Pandas and People being its textbook. The trial ended with
6726-446: The U.S. South . Both rural and urban in character, the flourishing movement acted as a denominational surrogate and fostered a militant evangelical Christian orthodoxy. Riley was president of WCFA until 1929, after which the WCFA faded in importance. The Independent Fundamental Churches of America became a leading association of independent U.S. fundamentalist churches upon its founding in 1930. The American Council of Christian Churches
6840-453: The U.S., and thereby bad for humankind." Ham said that publicity generated by the debate helped stimulate construction of the Ark Encounter theme park, which had been stalled for lack of funds. The Ark Encounter opened on 7 July 2016, a date (7/7) chosen to correspond with Genesis 7:7, the Bible verse that describes Noah entering the ark. The following day, Nye visited Ark Encounter, and he and Ham had an informal debate. According to Ham, he
6954-424: The beliefs of "separation from the world, from false doctrines, from other ecclesiastical connections" as well as place heavy emphasis on practicing holiness standards . In nondenominational Christianity of the evangelical variety, the word biblical or independent often appears in the name of the church or denomination. The independence of the church is claimed and affiliation with a Christian denomination
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#17328698977467068-402: The chief interdenominational fundamentalist organization in the 1920s. Some mark this conference as the public start of Christian fundamentalism. Although the fundamentalist drive to take control of the major Protestant denominations failed at the national level during the 1920s, the network of churches and missions fostered by Riley showed that the movement was growing in strength, especially in
7182-422: The concluding phases of the museum project. In May 2007, Creation Ministries International (CMI) filed a lawsuit against Ham and AiG in the Supreme Court of Queensland seeking damages and accusing him of deceptive conduct in his dealings with the Australian organisation. Members of the group expressed "concern over Mr. Ham's domination of the groups, the amount of money being spent on his fellow executives and
7296-412: The consensus view among scholars that in the wake of the Scopes trial, fundamentalism retreated into the political and cultural background, a viewpoint which is evidenced in the movie Inherit the Wind and the majority of contemporary historical accounts. Rather, he argues, the cause of fundamentalism's retreat was the death of its leader, Bryan. Most fundamentalists saw the trial as a victory rather than
7410-418: The content in the print edition. Around the same time, the organisation moved from Jones Street to new offices at Darling Park and built a new printing press at Chullora , in the city's west. The SMH later moved with other Sydney Fairfax divisions to a building at Darling Island. In May 2007, Fairfax Media announced it would be moving from a broadsheet format to the smaller compact or tabloid-size , in
7524-517: The decision to reduce the column's publication from its traditional six days a week, down to just weekdays. The Opinion section is a regular of the daily newspaper, containing opinion on a wide range of issues. Mostly concerned with relevant political, legal and cultural issues, the section presents work by regular columnists, including Herald political editor Peter Hartcher , Ross Gittins , and occasional reader-submitted content. Iconoclastic Sydney barrister Charles C. Waterstreet , upon whose life
7638-409: The everyday dilemmas of readers; a Samurai Sudoku ; and "The Two of Us", containing interviews with a pair of close friends, relatives or colleagues. Good Weekend is edited by Katrina Strickland. Previous editors include Ben Naparstek , Judith Whelan (2004–2011) and Fenella Souter. The paper has been partially digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program project of
7752-469: The fear of ostracism or ad hominem attacks." The disinvitation occurred after Ham criticised Peter Enns of The BioLogos Foundation , who advocated a symbolic, rather than literal, interpretation of the fall of Adam and Eve. Ham accused Enns of espousing "outright liberal theology that totally undermines the authority of the Word of God". In February 2014, Ham debated with American science educator and engineer Bill Nye (popularly known as " Bill Nye
7866-450: The first six decades of Federation , always endorsing a conservative government. The newspaper has since endorsed Labor in seven federal elections : 1961 ( Calwell ), 1984 and 1987 ( Hawke ), 2007 ( Rudd ), 2010 ( Gillard ), 2019 ( Shorten ), and 2022 ( Albanese ). During the 2004 Australian federal election , the Herald did not endorse a party, but subsequently resumed its practice of making endorsements. After endorsing
7980-410: The following year. Fairfax, whose family were to control the newspaper for almost 150 years, based his editorial policies "upon principles of candour, honesty and honour. We have no wish to mislead; no interest to gratify by unsparing abuse or indiscriminate approbation." Donald Murray , who invented a predecessor of the teleprinter , worked at the Herald during the 1890s. A weekly "Page for Women"
8094-432: The footsteps of The Times , for both The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age . After abandoning these plans later in the year, Fairfax Media again announced in June 2012 its plan to shift both broadsheet newspapers to tabloid size, with effect from March 2013. Fairfax also announced it would cut staff across the entire group by 1,900 over three years and erect paywalls around the papers' websites. The subscription type
8208-531: The former were more militant and less willing to collaborate with groups considered "modernist" in theology. In the 1940s the more moderate faction of fundamentalists maintained the same theology but began calling themselves "evangelicals" to stress their less militant position. Roger Olson (2007) identifies a more moderate faction of fundamentalists, which he calls "postfundamentalist", and says "most postfundamentalist evangelicals do not wish to be called fundamentalists, even though their basic theological orientation
8322-632: The founders of the international Council of Christian Churches. Oswald J. Smith (1889–1986), reared in rural Ontario and educated at Moody Church in Chicago, set up The Peoples Church in Toronto in 1928. A dynamic preacher and leader in Canadian fundamentalism, Smith wrote 35 books and engaged in missionary work worldwide. Billy Graham called him "the greatest combination pastor, hymn writer, missionary statesman, an evangelist of our time." A leading organizer of
8436-466: The founding owner of ATN , which became the flagship of what became the Seven Network . Column 8 is a short column to which Herald readers send their observations of interesting happenings. It was first published on 11 January 1947. The name comes from the fact that it originally occupied the final (8th) column of the broadsheet newspaper's front page. In a front-page redesign in the lead-up to
8550-634: The fundamentalist campaign against modernism in the United States was William Bell Riley , a Northern Baptist based in Minneapolis, where his Northwestern Bible and Missionary Training School (1902), Northwestern Evangelical Seminary (1935), and Northwestern College (1944) produced thousands of graduates. At a large conference in Philadelphia in 1919, Riley founded the World Christian Fundamentals Association (WCFA), which became
8664-533: The fundamentalist movement and the mainstream evangelical movement due to their anti-intellectual approaches. From 1910 until 1915, a series of essays titled The Fundamentals: A Testimony to the Truth was published by the Testimony Publishing Company of Chicago. The Northern Presbyterian Church (now Presbyterian Church in the United States of America ) influenced the movement with the definition of
8778-556: The fundamentalist movement, and the term is seldom used of them. The broader term " evangelical " includes fundamentalists as well as people with similar or identical religious beliefs who do not engage the outside challenge to the Bible as actively. Writing in 2023, conservative Christian journalist David French quotes a former president of the Southern Baptist Convention 's Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission, Richard Land , as identifying fundamentalism as "far more
8892-456: The fundamentals of the Christian faith. Fundamentalists are almost always described as upholding beliefs in biblical infallibility and biblical inerrancy, in keeping with traditional Christian doctrines concerning biblical interpretation , the role of Jesus in the Bible , and the role of the church in society. Fundamentalists usually believe in a core of Christian beliefs, typically called
9006-573: The judge deciding that teaching intelligent design in a science class was unconstitutional as it was a religious belief and not science. The original fundamentalist movement divided along clearly defined lines within conservative evangelical Protestantism as issues progressed. Many groupings, large and small, were produced by this schism. Neo-evangelicalism , the Heritage movement , and Paleo-Orthodoxy have all developed distinct identities, but none of them acknowledge any more than an historical overlap with
9120-490: The late 1800s and early 1900s, a reaction that eventually took on a life of its own and changed significantly over time". Fundamentalist movements existed in most North American Protestant denominations by 1919 following attacks on modernist theology in Presbyterian and Baptist denominations. Fundamentalism was especially controversial among Presbyterians. In Canada, fundamentalism was less prominent, but an early leader
9234-694: The late 1960s, the movement began to be seen as "a bona fide religious, theological and even intellectual movement in its own right". Instead of interpreting fundamentalism as a simple anti-intellectualism , Paul Carter argued that "fundamentalists were simply intellectual in a way different than their opponents". Moving into the 1970s, Earnest R. Sandeen saw fundamentalism as arising from the confluence of Princeton theology and millennialism . George Marsden defined fundamentalism as "militantly anti-modernist Protestant evangelicalism" in his 1980 work Fundamentalism and American Culture . Militant in this sense does not mean 'violent', it means 'aggressively active in
9348-516: The leadership and funding of former Princeton Theological Seminary professor J. Gresham Machen . Many Bible colleges were modeled after the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago. Dwight Moody was influential in preaching the imminence of the Kingdom of God that was so important to dispensationalism. Bible colleges prepared ministers who lacked college or seminary experience with intense study of
9462-448: The local church. Great emphasis is placed on the literal interpretation of the Bible as the primary method of Bible study as well as the biblical inerrancy and the infallibility of their interpretation . Dispensationalism is common among Independent Baptists. They are opposed to any ecumenical movement with denominations that do not have the same beliefs. Many Independent Fundamentalist Baptist (IFB) churches adhere to only using
9576-550: The main reasons [AiG] moved [to Florence] was because we are within one hour's flight of 69 percent of America's population." The 60,000-square-foot (5,600 m) museum, located in Petersburg, Kentucky , 4 miles (6.4 km) west of the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport , opened 27 May 2007. In February 2018, Ham was disinvited from the University of Central Oklahoma , where he
9690-631: The mid-1960s, a new competitor had appeared in Rupert Murdoch's national daily The Australian , which was first published on 15 July 1964. John Fairfax & Sons Limited commemorated the Herald's 150th anniversary in 1981 by presenting the City of Sydney with Stephen Walker's sculpture Tank Stream Fountain . In 1995, the company launched the newspaper's web edition smh.com.au . The site has since grown to include interactive and multimedia features beyond
9804-538: The newspaper's editorial stance at times reflected racist attitudes within the colony, with the paper urging squatters across Australia to emulate the mass killing of Native Americans . The front page of the paper on December 26, 1836 read: "If nothing but extermination will do, they will exterminate the savages as they would wild beasts." In the wake of the Myall Creek massacre in which at least twenty-eight unarmed Wirraayaraay men, women and children were murdered by
9918-484: The original movement which coined the term and those who self-identify as fundamentalists. Some who hold certain, but not all beliefs in common with the original fundamentalist movement reject the label fundamentalism , due to its perceived pejorative nature, while others consider it a banner of pride. In certain parts of the United Kingdom , using the term fundamentalist with the intent to stir up religious hatred
10032-474: The past and when. "Were you there?" questions also invalidate creationism as science. Creationists argue that if the Bible is truly the word of God, creationism is not invalidated by this question, since God was there. Ham believes that abortion, same-sex marriage, homosexual behaviour, and being transgender "are all attacks on the true family God ordained in Scripture". He believes that Christians should "take back
10146-481: The public as well as a panel of judges appointed by Fairfax. Winners have included: The contemporary editorial stance of the Sydney Morning Herald is generally centrist. It has been described as the most centrist of Australia's three major news publications (the others being The Australian and The Age ). In 2004, the newspaper's editorial page stated: " market libertarianism and social liberalism " were
10260-515: The rainbow", a popular symbol for the LGBT movement . As a condition for employment at the Ark Encounter, AiG, as directed by Ham, requires workers to sign a statement that they view homosexuality as a sin . Ham rejects the scientific consensus on climate change . Chris Mooney , of Slate magazine, believes Ham's advocacy of young Earth creation will "undermine science education and U.S. science literacy ". But Andrew O'Hehir of Salon argues that
10374-486: The run-up for the 2016 U.S. presidential election. The Herald endorsed the Liberal-National Coalition in the run-up for the 2023 New South Wales state election. In May 2023, the Herald opposed the extradition of former WikiLeaks editor Julian Assange to the United States, with the newspaper conducting a poll that found 79% oppose Assange's extradition to the United States. As The Sydney Herald ,
10488-507: The subsequent defence of his since-deleted column by editor Bevan Shields; Wilson pre-empted the Hornery disclosure with an Instagram post confirming her relationship. In 2012, Woman of the Year (WOTY) awards were created by the editor of the Daily Life section, Sarah Oakes, inspired by the sexism faced by former prime minister Julia Gillard . Winners were selected as the result of voting by
10602-399: The surface after World War I in what came to be called the fundamentalist/modernist split . However, the split does not mean that there were just two groups: modernists and fundamentalists. There were also people who considered themselves neo-evangelicals, separating themselves from the extreme components of fundamentalism. These neo-evangelicals also wanted to separate themselves from both
10716-842: The television workplace comedy Rake is loosely based, had a regular humour column in this section. Good Weekend was launched in May 1978, as a Saturday magazine appearing in both SMH and The Canberra Times . The editor was Valerie Lawson, and Cyprian Fernandes was founding chief sub-editor. It is now distributed with both The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age in Saturday editions. It contains, on average, four feature articles written by its stable of writers and others syndicated from overseas as well as sections on food, wine, and fashion. Writers include Stephanie Wood, Jane Cadzow, Melissa Fyfe, Tim Elliott, Konrad Marshall, and Amanda Hooton. Other sections include "Modern Guru", which features humorous columnists including Danny Katz responding to
10830-435: The time Ronald Reagan ran for the presidency in 1980, fundamentalist preachers, like the prohibitionist ministers of the early 20th century, were organizing their congregations to vote for supportive candidates. Leaders of the newly political fundamentalism included Rob Grant and Jerry Falwell . Beginning with Grant's American Christian Cause in 1974, Christian Voice throughout the 1970s and Falwell's Moral Majority in
10944-457: The time AiG was founded, Ham planned to open a museum and training centre near its headquarters in Florence, Kentucky , telling an Australian Broadcasting Corporation interviewer in 2007, "Australia's not really the place to build such a facility if you're going to reach the world. Really, America is." In a separate interview with The Sydney Morning Herald ' s Paul Sheehan , Ham explained, "One of
11058-621: The trial. In the half century after the Scopes Trial, fundamentalists had little success in shaping government policy, and they were generally defeated in their efforts to reshape the mainline denominations , which refused to join fundamentalist attacks on evolution. Particularly after the Scopes Trial, liberals saw a division between Christians in favor of the teaching of evolution, whom they viewed as educated and tolerant, and Christians against evolution, whom they viewed as narrow-minded, tribal, and obscurantist. Edwards (2000), however, challenges
11172-409: The trials contrasted with other newspapers which were more respectful on the matter and on the notion of Aboriginal Australians being protected under the law as British subjects, the same as settlers. In 2023, the paper apologised for its coverage of the massacre and the subsequent trials of the perpetrators. The below is a list of The Sydney Morning Herald ' s current journalists. The below
11286-664: The twentieth century witnessed a surge of interest in organized political activism by U.S. fundamentalists. Dispensational fundamentalists viewed the 1948 establishment of the state of Israel as an important sign of the fulfillment of biblical prophecy, and support for Israel became the centerpiece of their approach to U.S. foreign policy. United States Supreme Court decisions also ignited fundamentalists' interest in organized politics, particularly Engel v. Vitale in 1962, which prohibited state-sanctioned prayer in public schools, and Abington School District v. Schempp in 1963, which prohibited mandatory Bible reading in public schools. By
11400-502: The two "broad themes" that guided the Herald ' s editorial stance. During the 1999 referendum on whether Australia should become a republic , the Herald (like the other two major papers) strongly supported a Yes vote. It also endorsed the Yes vote for the 2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum . The Sydney Morning Herald did not endorse the Labor Party for federal office in
11514-568: Was English-born Thomas Todhunter Shields (1873–1955), who led 80 churches out of the Baptist federation in Ontario in 1927 and formed the Union of Regular Baptist Churches of Ontario and Quebec. He was affiliated with the Baptist Bible Union, based in the United States. His newspaper, The Gospel Witness, reached 30,000 subscribers in 16 countries, giving him an international reputation. He was one of
11628-522: Was a product of California and Michigan rather than the South. Webb (1991) traces the political and legal struggles between strict creationists and Darwinists to influence the extent to which evolution would be taught as science in Arizona and California schools. After Scopes was convicted, creationists throughout the United States sought similar anti-evolution laws for their states. These included Reverends R. S. Beal and Aubrey L. Moore in Arizona and members of
11742-494: Was added in 1905, edited by Theodosia Ada Wallace . The SMH was late to the trend of printing news rather than just advertising on the front page, doing so from 15 April 1944. Of the country's metropolitan dailies, only The West Australian was later in making the switch. The newspaper launched a Sunday edition, The Sunday Herald , in 1949. Four years later, this was merged with the newly acquired Sun newspaper to create The Sun-Herald , which continues to this day. By
11856-673: Was announced in July 2013 that the SMH 's news director, Darren Goodsir, would become editor-in-chief, replacing Sean Aylmer. On 22 February 2014, the Saturday edition was produced in broadsheet format for the final time, with this too converted to compact format on 1 March 2014, ahead of the decommissioning of the printing plant at Chullora in June 2014. In June 2022, the paper received global coverage and backlash to an attempted outing of Australian actress Rebel Wilson by columnist Andrew Hornery, and
11970-614: Was at or near 50 percent in "West South Central" ( Texas to Arkansas ) and "South Atlantic" (Florida to Maryland), and at 25 percent or below elsewhere in the country, with the low of nine percent in New England. The pattern persisted into the 21st century; in 2006–2010 surveys, the average share of fundamentalists in the East South Central Region stood at 58 percent, while, in New England , it climbed slightly to 13 percent. In
12084-475: Was bought by Conrad Black before being re-listed in 1992. In 2006, Fairfax announced a merger with Rural Press , which brought in a Fairfax family member, John B. Fairfax, as a significant player in the company. From 10 December 2018, Fairfax Media merged into Nine Entertainment , making the paper a sister to the Nine Network 's TCN station. This reunited the paper with a television station; Fairfax had been
12198-604: Was founded for fundamental Christian denominations as an alternative to the National Council of Churches . Much of the enthusiasm for mobilizing fundamentalism came from Protestant seminaries and Protestant "Bible colleges" in the United States. Two leading fundamentalist seminaries were the dispensationalist Dallas Theological Seminary , founded in 1924 by Lewis Sperry Chafer , and the Reformed Westminster Theological Seminary , formed in 1929 under
12312-419: Was founded in 1831 by three employees of the now-defunct Sydney Gazette : Ward Stephens, Frederick Stokes, and William McGarvie . A Centenary Supplement (since digitised) was published in 1931. The original four-page weekly had a print run of 750. The newspaper began to publish daily in 1840, and the operation was purchased in 1841 by an Englishman named John Fairfax who renamed it The Sydney Morning Herald
12426-486: Was having on students and the public as a whole." In 1979, he resigned his teaching position and, with his wife, founded Creation Science Supplies and Creation Science Educational Media Services, which provided resources for the teaching of creationism in the public schools of Queensland, a practice allowed at the time. In 1980, the Hams and Mackay merged the two organisations with Carl Wieland 's Creation Science Association to form
12540-583: Was inspired by his father, also a young Earth creationist, to interpret the Book of Genesis as "literal history" and first rejected what he termed "molecules-to-man evolution" during high school. As a young Earth creationist and biblical inerrantist , Ham believes that the Book of Genesis is historical fact. Ham believes the age of the Universe to be about 6,000 years, and asserts that Noah's flood occurred about 4,400 years ago in approximately 2348 BC. Astrophysical measurements and radiometric dating show that
12654-549: Was scheduled to speak, after an LGBTQ student group objected. Later that month, UCO reinvited Ham to speak, and Ham spoke on March 5 as planned. At the end of 2005, the AiG Confederation crumbled due to a disagreement between Ham and Carl Wieland over the "differences in philosophy and operation". This disagreement led to Ham effectively retaining the leadership of the UK and American branches while Wieland served as managing director of
12768-451: Was the American Council of Christian Churches , founded in 1941 by Rev. Carl McIntire . Another group "for conservative Christians who wanted to be culturally engaged" was the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE) founded in 1942, by Harold Ockenga . The interpretations given the fundamentalist movement have changed over time, with most older interpretations being based on the concepts of social displacement or cultural lag. Some in
12882-416: Was to be a freemium model, limiting readers to a number of free stories per month, with a payment required for further access. The announcement was part of an overall "digital first" strategy of increasingly digital or online content over printed delivery, to "increase sharing of editorial content," and to assist the management's wish for "full integration of its online, print and mobile platforms." It
12996-520: Was written, and it also uses the Bible for political purposes by presenting God "more as a God of judgement and punishment than as a God of love and mercy." In contrast to the higher criticism, fundamentalism claims to keep the Bible open for the people. However, through the complexity of the dispensational framework, it has actually forced lay readers to remain dependent upon the inductive methods of Bible teachers and ministers. The Sydney Morning Herald The Sydney Morning Herald ( SMH )
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