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149-551: In 1995, the commission was set up by Robert Dole and Newt Gingrich to study ways to encourage economic growth. After Dole and Gingrich chose Kemp as chairman, each appointed four additional members to the commission. During January 1996, the Kemp Commission reported on overhauling the tax system. The commission concluded that "a flat rate tax would not only be a fairer system for middle-income Americans but also would abolish income taxes for relatively poor people by providing for

298-604: A military draft notice for service in the Vietnam War but was granted a draft waiver because of a knee problem. The injuries healed, and Kemp debuted for Buffalo on November 18, 1962, by directing the only touchdown drive in a 10–6 win over the Oakland Raiders . He played only four games for Buffalo in 1962, but made the AFL All-Star team. The Bills won three of their last four games to finish 7–6–1. On December 14, 1962,

447-696: A born-again Christian. Kemp was a 33rd degree Freemason in the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction. After being selected by the Detroit Lions in the 17th round of the 1957 NFL draft , Kemp was cut from the team before the 1957 NFL season began. He spent 1957 with the Pittsburgh Steelers and 1958 on the taxi squads of the San Francisco 49ers and New York Giants . The Giants hosted

596-455: A cab with him. Kemp attended a boycott meeting and alongside Ron Mix convinced the white players to go with the idea of a boycott. One day after the players left the city, AFL Commissioner Joe Foss moved the game to Houston, Texas . According to Lamonica, the 1965 team had a new emphasis: "In '64 we had depended a lot on Gilchrist and our running attack to carry us. . .But that all changed in '65. The Bills had traded Gilchrist in

745-414: A campaign appearance with Heather Whitestone , the first deaf Miss America , where both of them signed "I love you" to the crowd. Around that time, Dole and his advisers knew that they would lose the election, but in the last four days of the campaign they went on the "96-hour victory tour" to help Republican House candidates. Dole lost, as pundits had long expected, to incumbent President Bill Clinton in

894-405: A candidate with foibles. Kemp's campaign managers say he was unmanageable: he ignored timers on his speeches, refused to call contributors, and refused to practice for debates. A humbling Super Tuesday , in which his 39 delegate total was fewer than eventual nominee and President Bush and both Dole and Pat Robertson, ended his campaign. After withdrawing from the race, he was still considered

1043-604: A censure motion instead of holding an impeachment trial. However, the Republican-controlled Senate instead held an impeachment trial in which Clinton was acquitted. President George W. Bush appointed Dole and Donna Shalala , former United States Secretary of Health and Human Services , as co-chairs of the commission to investigate problems at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in 2007. That same year, Dole joined fellow former Senate majority leaders Howard Baker , Tom Daschle , and George J. Mitchell to found

1192-548: A congressman came in 1982 when Reagan decided to reverse the tax cuts and promote tax increases. The reversal was controversial and stimulated opposition by Kemp. Nonetheless, the revised taxes passed. In 1983, Kemp opposed the policies of chairman Volcker on multiple occasions. The debates included domestic monetary involvement and roles in funding the International Monetary Fund . Kemp delivered speeches at several Republican National Conventions . He addressed

1341-782: A contender for the vice presidential nomination. In 1989, the Kemps switched their official residence from Hamburg , New York to Bethesda, Maryland , their residence at the time of his death. In 1994, Kemp's 1988 campaign reached a settlement with the Federal Election Commission by agreeing to pay $ 120,000 in civil penalties for 1988 campaign election law violations for, among other things, excessive contributions, improper direct corporate donations, press overbilling, exceeding spending limits in Iowa and New Hampshire , and failure to reimburse corporations for providing air transportation. As

1490-672: A degree in physical education , he pursued postgraduate studies in economics at Long Beach State University and California Western University in San Diego, and served in the military from 1958 to 1962. Kemp graduated from Occidental in 1957 and married Joanne Main, his college sweetheart, after she graduated from Occidental in 1958. Main had grown up in Fillmore, California , and attended Fillmore High School in Ventura County . Kemp's Biblical Literature professor, Keith Beebe, presided over

1639-507: A downed radioman . The injuries left him with limited mobility in his right arm and numbness in his left arm. He minimized the effect in public by keeping a pen in his right hand, and learned to write with his left hand. In 1947, he was medically discharged from the Army as a captain. Dole ran for office for the first time in 1950 and was elected to the Kansas House of Representatives , serving

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1788-646: A football fan like United States President Richard Nixon and as the recipient of advice from White House adviser Robert Finch and former Kemp boss Herb Klein, Nixon's director of communications. The Nixon aides encouraged Kemp to endorse the Cambodian invasion and to oppose criticism of Nixon's war policies in order to firm up Kemp's support from military hawks. Kemp championed several Chicago school and supply-side economics issues, including economic growth, free markets , free trade , tax simplification and lower tax rates on both employment and investment income. He

1937-505: A form of laissez-faire anarchy. However, as much as Kemp wanted to minimize government's role, he acknowledged that moves toward a more laissez-faire system should be well-thought out. After the May 1987 Gary Hart – Donna Rice scandal, a questionnaire by The New York Times requested things such as psychiatric records and access to FBI files from all 14 presidential candidates. Candidates from each party expressed opinions on both sides of

2086-756: A former record holder for most quarterback sacks in a game. Despite Kemp's many records, Joe Namath and Len Dawson were selected as the quarterbacks for the All-time AFL team. Kemp is a member of the Greater Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame and the Buffalo Bills' Wall of Fame. Kemp co-founded the AFL Players Association with Tom Addison of the Boston Patriots , and was elected its president five times. His founding of and involvement in

2235-521: A future leader in its 1974 "Faces for the Future" feature. Another early-career notable magazine appearance was in a 1978 issue of Esquire . The article explained allegations of homosexual activity among staffers in Ronald Reagan's Sacramento office in 1967; Kemp was not implicated. Kemp considered running for the U.S. Senate in 1980 and Hugh Sidey mentioned him as a contender to unseat Jimmy Carter in

2384-507: A generous personal exemption." The Kemp Commission laid out 6 "points of policy" in its proposal: William G. Gale wrote in a response for the Brookings Institution that "the report is symptomatic of the whole debate on tax reform: there is widespread agreement on the principles of tax reform, much less agreement on what those principles mean in practice, and perhaps very little on how to trade off one principle against another. But

2533-724: A group of business, civic, education, and other leaders interested in economic development in Washington, D.C., from 1998 to 2002. Dole was also involved in many volunteer activities. He served as national chairman of the World War II Memorial Campaign, which raised funds for the building of the World War II Memorial . After being built, he visited the memorial on a weekly basis for many years to greet visitors and remember those who served. Dole also teamed up with his former political rival, Bill Clinton, in 2001 on

2682-584: A house at 1035 North Maple in Russell and it remained his official residence throughout his political career. Dole graduated from Russell High School in the spring of 1941 and enrolled at the University of Kansas the following fall. Dole had been a star high school athlete in Russell, and Kansas basketball coach Phog Allen traveled to Russell to recruit him to play for the Jayhawks basketball team . While at KU, Dole

2831-743: A key role in an off the field decision. Kemp was part of the All-Star Game played three weeks after the Championship Game alongside teammates such as Cookie Gilchrist and Ernie Warlick , with the game scheduled to be played in New Orleans, Louisiana . However, Gilchrist led a movement of African American players wanting to boycott the game due to experiencing discrimination by cab drivers and others during their time in New Orleans; Kemp saw this firsthand when Gilchrist, and Warlick were not allowed to share

2980-437: A liberal Democrat; he supported affirmative action and rights for illegal immigrants . The New York Times described Kemp as the most proactive combatant in the war on poverty since Robert F. Kennedy . He differed from Rockefeller Republicans and earlier combatants such as Lyndon Johnson by supporting incentive-based systems instead of traditional social programs. For his commitment to inner city concerns from within

3129-434: A loss, opened up numerous opportunities for Dole owing in part to his sense of humor. He engaged in a career of writing, consulting, public speaking, and television appearances. Dole was the first defeated presidential nominee to become a political celebrity. In November 1996, Dole appeared on Late Show with David Letterman and also made a cameo appearance on Saturday Night Live , parodying himself (shortly after losing

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3278-644: A plan to salvage the Federal Housing Administration . He halted or revamped certain programs and developed an antidrug offensive, which enabled him to collaborate with Director of the National Drug Control Policy Bill Bennett . He supported "Operation Clean Sweep" and similar movements to prohibit firearm possession in public housing. Although Kemp coaxed Bush to support a $ 4 billion housing program that encouraged public housing tenants to buy their own apartments,

3427-419: A platform covering the full range of political subjects, Kemp's primary campaign weapon was a fiscal policy based on tax cuts. As part of his fiscal policy, he opposed a Social Security benefits freeze and endorsed a freeze on government spending. Some viewed Kemp's supply-side stance as an attempt to ignore the national budget deficit . In late 1987, political pundits saw that Kemp needed to gain support from

3576-698: A proponent of both Chicago school and supply-side economics, he is notable as an influence upon the Reagan agenda and the architect of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 , which is known as the Kemp– Roth tax cut. After his days in political office, Kemp remained active as a political advocate and commentator; he served on corporate and nonprofit organization boards. He also authored, co-authored, and edited several books. He promoted American football and advocated for retired professional football players. Kemp

3725-538: A rally in Chico, California , he was reaching down to shake the hand of a supporter, when the railing on the stage gave way and he tumbled 4 ft (1.2 m). While only slightly injured in the fall, "the televised image of his painful grimace underscored the age difference between him and Clinton" and proved an ominous sign for Republican hopes of retaking the White House . During the latter half of October 1996, Dole made

3874-524: A series of films with Christian apologists Frank Schaeffer and his father Francis Schaeffer in 1978, entitled Whatever Happened to the Human Race? based on the book of the same title that had been previously written by the elder Schaeffer. Frank Schaeffer and his associate, Jim Buchfuehrer provided a private, five-hour screening of Whatever Happened to the Human Race? to Jack Kemp and wife Joanne in their home that, according to Frank Schaeffer's account of

4023-588: A short time in 2003, a commentator opposite Bill Clinton on CBS 's 60 Minutes . After leaving office, Dole joined the Washington, D.C. firm Verner, Liipfert, Bernhard, McPherson and Hand, where he was a registered lobbyist on behalf of foreign governments (including those of Kosovo , Taiwan , and Slovenia ); the American Society of Anesthesiologists ; Tyco International ; and the Chocolate Industry Coalition. In 2003, after Verner, Liipfert

4172-462: A so-called "bleeding-heart conservative", Kemp was a logical choice for Bush as the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development , whose job would be to foster public sector and private sector methods to meet the demands of public housing. However, the scandals of Reagan's Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Samuel Pierce and the neglect of the president were obstacles from the start, and Kemp

4321-569: A television interview with Tom Brokaw , saying Bush should "stop lying about my record", in response to a Bush commercial which accused Dole of "straddling" on taxes. Despite a key endorsement by Senator Strom Thurmond , Dole was defeated by Bush again in South Carolina in early March. Several days later, every southern state voted for Bush in a Super Tuesday sweep. This was followed by another loss in Illinois, which persuaded Dole to withdraw from

4470-544: A tie for the AFL Eastern Division lead with a 7–6–1 record. Kemp again placed second in passing attempts, completions, and yards, and he also finished second to teammate Cookie Gilchrist in rushing touchdowns. The Bills played the Boston Patriots in an Eastern Division playoff game to determine the division title on December 28 at War Memorial Stadium in Buffalo, New York , in 10 °F (−12 °C) weather. During

4619-541: A two-year term. During his term he served on the following committees: Assessment and Taxation, Gas and Oil, and Military Affairs and Soldiers Compensation. He became the County Attorney of Russell County in 1953. Dole was elected to the United States House of Representatives from Kansas's 6th congressional district in 1960. After his first term, Kansas lost a congressional district, and most of Dole's district

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4768-419: Is no sin. It is what protects us from absolutism and intolerance"'. In his acceptance speech, Dole stated, "Let me be the bridge to an America that only the unknowing call myth. Let me be the bridge to a time of tranquility, faith, and confidence in action," to which incumbent president Bill Clinton responded, "We do not need to build a bridge to the past, we need to build a bridge to the future." As told in

4917-455: Is second in many other championship game categories, including career and single-game passer rating . He ranks third in rushing touchdowns by an NFL or AFL quarterback with 40, behind Steve Young 's 52 and Otto Graham 's 44. A Sporting News All-League selection at quarterback in 1960 and 1965, and the AFL MVP in 1965. He was the only AFL quarterback to be listed as a starter all 10 years of

5066-747: The 1980 presidential election and was a front runner for the vice presidency at the 1980 Republican National Convention , where he received 43 votes from conservative detractors of George H. W. Bush. After he was reelected for a sixth term in 1980, his Republican peers elected him to a party leadership position, and he served seven years as chairman of the House Republican Conference. This promotion occurred immediately after Kemp and David Stockman urged Reagan by memorandum to dedicate his first 100 days to working on an economic package with Congress. Kemp considered running for Governor of New York in 1982 but ultimately decided to stay in

5215-578: The 1992 Republican National Convention in Houston , Texas. Despite efforts and considerations of expanding his political domain, Kemp never held a fundraiser outside of his suburban Western New York district until well into his eighth term in Congress. Kemp was a critic of association football, known as soccer in the United States. In 1986, during a House floor debate over whether the United States should host

5364-406: The 1994 FIFA World Cup , Kemp proclaimed: "I think it is important for all those young out there—who someday hope to play real football , where you throw it and kick it and run with it and put it in your hands—[that] a distinction should be made that football is democratic capitalism, whereas soccer is a European socialist sport." Kemp compared his speech to George Carlin 's 1984 comedy routine on

5513-515: The 2016 Republican primaries , but later became the only former Republican presidential nominee to endorse Donald Trump in the general election. Dole was a member of the advisory council of the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation and special counsel at the Washington, D.C., office of law firm Alston & Bird . Dole was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal on January 17, 2018. He

5662-577: The AFL Players Association , for which he served five terms as president. During the early part of his football career, he served in the United States Army Reserve . As an economic conservative, Kemp advocated low taxes and supply-side policies during his political career. His positions spanned the social spectrum, ranging from his conservative opposition to abortion to his more libertarian stances advocating immigration reform . As

5811-795: The American Football League (AFL). He served as a captain of both the San Diego Chargers and the Buffalo Bills , earning the AFL Most Valuable Player award in 1965 after leading the Bills to a second consecutive championship. He played in the AFL for all 10 years of its existence, appeared in its All-Star game seven times, played in its championship game five times, and set many of the league's career passing records. Kemp also co-founded

5960-460: The Apennine mountains southwest of Bologna , Italy, Dole was seriously wounded by a German shell that struck his upper back and right arm, shattering his collarbone and part of his spine. "I lay face down in the dirt," Dole said. "I could not see or move my arms. I thought they were missing." As Lee Sandlin describes, when fellow soldiers saw the extent of his injuries, they believed all they could do

6109-612: The Bipartisan Policy Center , a non-profit think-tank that works to develop policies suitable for bipartisan support. Dole also served as a director for the Asia Universal Bank , a bank domiciled in Kyrgyzstan during the discredited Kurmanbek Bakiyev presidential regime which was subsequently shut down owing to its involvement in money laundering . Jack Kemp Jack French Kemp (July 13, 1935 – May 2, 2009)

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6258-610: The Clinton health care plan of 1993 , proposed by Democratic President Bill Clinton . President Gerald Ford chose Dole as his running mate in the 1976 election after Vice President Nelson Rockefeller withdrew from seeking a full term. The Ford-Dole ticket was defeated by the Democratic ticket of Jimmy Carter and Walter Mondale in the general election. Dole sought the Republican presidential nomination in 1980 , but quickly dropped out of

6407-469: The Democratic Congress allocated only $ 361 million to the plan. In addition to opposition in Congress, Kemp fought White House Budget Director Richard Darman , who opposed Kemp's pet project HOPE ( Homeownership and Opportunity for People Everywhere ). The project involved selling public housing to its tenants. Darman also opposed Kemp's proposed welfare adjustment of government offsets. HOPE

6556-583: The Erie County Republican Party approached him about running for the United States Congress . After the January 17, 1970, AFL All-Star game, Kemp returned home and talked to his wife before deciding to enter politics. Kemp said, "I had a four-year no-cut contract with the Bills at the time. ... I figured that if I lost I could always come back and play. But the fans had their say and I

6705-580: The Houston Oilers posted a touchdown in the second quarter for a 7–6 lead, the Chargers never recovered. In 1961 , San Diego Union editor Jack Murphy convinced Barron Hilton to move the Chargers from Los Angeles to San Diego . Kemp led the relocated team to a 12–2 record and a repeat Western Division Championship. He again finished second in passing yards (this time to George Blanda ). The Chargers earned an AFL championship game rematch against

6854-634: The McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Program , which, funded largely through the Congress, helps fight child hunger and poverty by providing nutritious meals to children in schools in developing countries. This internationally popular program would go on to provide more than 22 million meals to children in 41 countries in its first eight years. It has since led to greatly increased global interest in and support for school-feeding programs—which benefit girls and young women, in particular—and won McGovern and Dole

7003-621: The NFL championship game , known as the "Greatest Game Ever Played" and the first overtime NFL playoff game, but, as a third-string quarterback member of the taxi squad, Kemp did not take the field. In 1958, Kemp joined the United States Army Reserve and he served a year on active duty as a private to complete his initial training. He was a member of the San Diego–based 977th Transportation Company from 1958 to 1962. When his unit

7152-634: The Oilers . However, this time the Chargers were unable to score until a fourth-quarter field goal in a 10–3 loss. In 1962 , Kemp broke his middle finger when he struck a helmet against the New York Titans in the second game of the season and was unable to play. He persuaded his doctors to set his broken finger around a football, so that his grip would not be affected once the finger healed. Chargers coach Sid Gillman put Kemp on waivers to try to "hide" him. Buffalo Bills coach Lou Saban noticed that Kemp

7301-520: The Persian Gulf War and the budget negotiations overshadowed Kemp's new project. Darman battled Kemp and his allies such as Gingrich, James Pinkerton , and Vin Weber . The budget left him with $ 256 million for his plan, which Kemp increased during some appropriations battles. Soon after Clayton Yeutter was appointed chief White House domestic policy advisor, Kemp's Economic Empowerment Task Force

7450-501: The USC Trojans or UCLA Bruins , the major Southern California college football programs. At Occidental, Kemp was a record-setting javelin hurler and played several positions on the football team: quarterback, defensive back , place kicker , and punter . Although he was near-sighted , Kemp was tenacious on the field. During his years as starting quarterback, the 1955 and 1956 Occidental teams posted 6–2 and 3–6 records. Kemp

7599-905: The United States Army during World War II . Following a period as Russell County, Kansas Attorney, he won election to the House of Representatives in 1960. In 1968, Dole was elected to the Senate, where he served as chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1971 to 1973 and chairman of the Senate Finance Committee from 1981 to 1985. He led the Senate Republicans from 1985 to his resignation in 1996, and served as Senate Majority Leader from 1985 to 1987 and from 1995 to 1996. In his role as Republican leader, he helped defeat

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7748-722: The United States Army . Dole attended the University of Arizona in Tucson from 1948 to 1949, before transferring to Washburn University in Topeka , where he graduated with both undergraduate and law degrees in 1952. Dole joined the United States Army's Enlisted Reserve Corps in 1942 to fight in World War II, becoming a second lieutenant in the Army's 10th Mountain Division . In April 1945, while engaged in combat near Castel d'Aiano in

7897-486: The United States Senate . During his inaugural campaign, his district was in economic malaise, and The New York Times described him as a John F. Kennedy throwback who campaigned on family values , patriotism, sports, and defense. Upon his election to the Congress in a class of sixty-two freshmen, he was one of six newcomers—along with Ronald Dellums , Bella Abzug , Louise Day Hicks , Robert Drinan , and Pete du Pont —discussed in Time . The article described him as

8046-409: The United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry from 1975 to 1978, and the chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Finance from 1981 to 1985. In November 1984, Dole was elected Senate Majority Leader , defeating Ted Stevens 28–25, in the fourth round of balloting. The continuing war in Vietnam was the dominant source of political division on Capitol Hill in

8195-537: The 1994 FIFA World Cup with longtime soccer fan Henry Kissinger , although he wrote during the 2006 FIFA World Cup that soccer can be interesting to watch but is still a "boring game". In 1988, if Kemp had won his campaign for the United States presidency, it would have made him the first person to move from the United States House of Representatives to the White House since James Garfield . When he formed his exploratory committee, he signed Ed Rollins , Reagan's 1984 re-election political director, as an advisor. From

8344-438: The 1996 election. Clinton won in a 379–159 Electoral College landslide, capturing 49.2% of the vote against Dole's 40.7% and Ross Perot 's 8.4%. As Nixon had predicted, Clinton was able to ride a booming economy to a second term in the White House. Dole is the last World War II veteran to have been the presidential nominee of a major party. During the campaign, Dole's advanced age was brought up, with critics stating that he

8493-529: The 2008 World Food Prize . Dole offered the inaugural lecture to dedicate the University of Arkansas Clinton School of Public Service on September 18, 2004. During the lecture, he chronicled his life as a public servant and discussed the importance of public service related to defense, civil rights, the economy and daily life. Dole also gave the lecture as part Robert C. Vance Distinguished Lecture Series at Central Connecticut State University in 2008. Dole wrote several books, including one on jokes told by

8642-412: The Bills outbid the Green Bay Packers for Notre Dame quarterback Daryle Lamonica . In 1963 , a four-season starting quarterback battle began that continued until Lamonica left for the Raiders. Lamonica felt he "... learned a lot from Jack about quarterbacking. And I truly believe that we were a great one-two punch at the position for the Bills." In 1963, Kemp led the Bills from a slow start to

8791-447: The Chargers 23–0; for Kemp, the victory was special because it came against his former team. Kemp's role in leading the Bills to a repeat championship without Gilchrist and with star receiver Elbert Dubenion playing only three games earned him a share of the AFL MVP awards that he split with former Charger teammate, Paul Lowe . Kemp also won the Associated Press award and the Championship Game Most Valuable Player award. Following

8940-604: The Doles' joint biography, Unlimited Partners , speechwriter and biographer Kerry Tymchuk wrote "that he was going to make a statement. He was going to risk it all for the White House. He knew his time as leader was over. It would have been tough to come back [to the Senate as leader] if he lost in November. He knew it was time to move up or move out." Dole promised a 15% across-the-board reduction in income tax rates and made former U.S. representative and supply-side economics advocate Jack Kemp of New York his running mate for vice president. Dole found himself criticized from both

9089-511: The Families of Freedom Foundation, a scholarship fund campaign to pay for the college educations for the families of 9/11 victims. It helped raise more than $ 100 million. The Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics , housed on the University of Kansas campus in Lawrence, Kansas , was established to bring bipartisanship back to politics. The institute, which opened in July 2003 to coincide with Dole's 80th birthday, has featured such notable speakers as former President Bill Clinton, and awarded

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9238-703: The House. By 1984, many viewed Kemp as Reagan's heir apparent. Kemp had his first encounter with supply-side economics in 1976, when The Wall Street Journal ' s Jude Wanniski interviewed him at his congressional office. Kemp questioned Wanniski all day (until midnight, at Kemp's Bethesda, Maryland home) and was eventually converted to University of Southern California professor Arthur Laffer 's supply-side discipline. Thereafter, Kemp espoused supply-side economics freely, and in 1978 he and Sen. William Roth of Delaware proposed tax-cutting legislation. Kemp has been credited as responsible for supply-side economics' inclusion in President Reagan's economic plan, although at

9387-406: The New Hampshire results and announced his formal withdrawal from the race on March 15, instead being re-elected to his third term as Senator that year. Dole made another attempt for the Republican presidential nomination in 1988 , formally announcing his candidacy in his hometown of Russell, Kansas, on November 9, 1987. At the ceremony, Dole was presented by the VFW with a cigar box, similar to

9536-422: The Percy Jones Army Hospital in Battle Creek, Michigan . This complex of federal buildings, no longer a hospital, is now named Hart–Dole–Inouye Federal Center in honor of three patients who became United States Senators: Dole, Philip Hart , and Daniel Inouye . Dole was decorated three times, receiving two Purple Hearts for his injuries, and the Bronze Star with "V" Device for valor for his attempt to assist

9685-422: The Republican nomination for the United States Senate to succeed retiring Senator Frank Carlson . He subsequently won the seat in the general election. Dole was re-elected in 1974 , 1980 , 1986 , and 1992 , before resigning on June 11, 1996, to focus on his presidential campaign . While in the Senate, Dole served as chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1971 to 1973, the ranking Republican on

9834-423: The Republican party, David Gergen heralded him as a "courageous voice in the wilderness." Although he was liberal on many social issues and supported civil liberties for homosexuals, he opposed certain gay rights such as the right to teach in schools. Kemp at times felt his role was that of "freewheeling, entrepreneurial, wildcatting backbencher ." Time identified 38-year-old second-term congressman Kemp as

9983-399: The SDI. In an attempt to highlight his stands on key Reagan Era foreign policy initiatives, Kemp traveled in September 1987 to Costa Rica, Honduras and El Salvador to lobby the presidents of those nations against the Arias Peace Plan—a peace accord US conservatives felt too conciliatory to Central American communists. He was accompanied on the trip by 50-plus US conservative leaders. Despite

10132-402: The Senate during the 1996 campaign and did not seek public office again after the election. Dole remained active after retiring from public office. He appeared in numerous commercials and television programs and served on various councils. In 2012, Dole unsuccessfully advocated Senate ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities . He initially supported Jeb Bush in

10281-468: The Senate following the 1986 United States Senate elections , and Dole became Senate Minority Leader for the next eight years. Dole was a major supporter and advocate of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 . The Republicans took control of both the Senate and House of Representatives in the 1994 midterm elections , due to the fallout from President Bill Clinton's policies including his health care plan , and Dole became Senate Majority Leader for

10430-448: The Senate, and pressuring the Clinton administration and NATO to resolve the war there. In 1996, Dole was the first sitting Senate Party Leader to receive his party's nomination for president. He hoped to use his long experience in Senate procedures to maximize publicity from his rare positioning as Senate Majority Leader against an incumbent president but was stymied by Senate Democrats. Dole resigned his seat on June 11, 1996, to focus on

10579-417: The Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children ( WIC ), a federal assistance program for low-income pregnant women, breast-feeding women and children under the age of five. Dole served on congressional agriculture committees throughout the course of his political career, and became the Republican Party's chief spokesman on farm policy and nutrition issues in the Senate. When Ronald Reagan

10728-584: The United States . He was the Republican Leader of the Senate during the final 11 years of his tenure, including three non-consecutive years as Senate Majority Leader . Dole was also the Republican presidential nominee in the 1996 election and the vice presidential nominee in the 1976 election . Dole was born and raised in Russell, Kansas , where he established a legal career after serving with distinction in

10877-559: The White House, who said it would "blow a hole in the deficit". During the infancy of the Internet, Dole-Kemp was the first presidential campaign to have a website, which was set up by Arizona State college students Rob Kubasko and Vince Salvato, and edged out Clinton-Gore. The Dole-Kemp presidential campaign page is still live as of 2021. Concerns over Dole's age and lagging campaign were exemplified by an incident on September 18, 1996. At

11026-457: The budget and were unable to reach an agreement. By January 1996, Dole was more open to compromise to end the shutdown (as he was campaigning for the Republican presidential nomination), but he was opposed by other Republicans who wanted to continue until their demands were met. In particular, Gingrich and Dole had a tense working relationship as they were potential rivals for the 1996 Republican nomination. Clinton aide George Stephanopoulos cited

11175-482: The campaign, saying he had "nowhere to go but the White House or home". Dole ran unsuccessfully for vice president on a ticket headed by President Gerald Ford in 1976. Incumbent Vice President Nelson Rockefeller had announced the previous November his retirement from politics, opting against a run for a full term as vice president, and Dole was chosen as Ford's running mate. Dole was known for his sarcastic one-liner comments, often directed against himself, and during

11324-574: The championship game, Saban resigned to coach the University of Maryland and defensive coordinator Joe Collier was promoted to head coach for the 1966 season. Kemp led the Bills to their third consecutive division title with a 9–4–1 record. However, in the AFL championship game , which was played for the right to represent the AFL in Super Bowl I , the Bills lost to the Kansas City Chiefs 31–7. Kemp

11473-528: The charisma of the earlier John F. Kennedy . David Rosenbaum described Kemp as an independent politician who often legislated outside his committees ' jurisdictions and often spoke in favor of ideals and principles rather than his party's political platforms. As a supply-sider, he was not a proponent of balanced budgeting and trivialized it while speaking of growth as an economic goal. The Erie County, New York Republicans had drafted Kemp after incumbent congressman Richard D. McCarthy decided to run for

11622-605: The city of Detroit." Many voters felt that Dole's criticism was unfairly harsh, and that his dispassionate delivery made him seem cold. Years later, Dole would remark that he regretted the comment, believing that it had hurt the Republican ticket. Dole ran for the 1980 Republican presidential nomination , eventually won by Ronald Reagan . Despite Dole's national exposure from the '76 campaign, he finished behind Reagan, George H. W. Bush , and four others in Iowa and New Hampshire , receiving only 2.5% and 0.4% of votes cast in those contests, respectively. Dole ceased campaigning after

11771-532: The convention on July 15 at the 1980 Republican National Convention in Detroit, Michigan and on August 21 at the 1984 Republican National Convention in Dallas , Texas. During the 1984 Convention, with Trent Lott as Republican Party Platform Committee chairman, Congressmen Kemp and Newt Gingrich claimed control of the party platform to the consternation of G.O.P. senators Bob Dole and Howard Baker . Kemp's official role

11920-457: The differences between baseball and American football and wrote that his "tongue was firmly planted in cheek" when making the speech. Despite the levity of the speech, it garnered significant backlash. However, he continued to insist that soccer's main problem is "it doesn't have a quarterback". Kemp noted that about half of his grandchildren play or have played organized soccer and claimed to have "changed" his position on soccer. He even attended

12069-526: The early 1970s; in 1970 Democratic Senator George McGovern of South Dakota took the Senate floor and condemned the role of the deliberative assembly in maintaining the U.S. presence in Vietnam, saying the Senate chamber "reeks of blood", soon followed by freshman Republican senator Dole on the floor, who vociferously attacked McGovern. Dole was appointed chair of the Republican National Committee

12218-551: The encounter changed Dole's outlook on life, who years later wrote of Kelikian, a survivor of the Armenian genocide , "Kelikian inspired me to focus on what I had left and what I could do with it, rather than complaining what had been lost." Dr. K, as Dole later came to affectionately call him, operated on him seven times, free of charge, and had, in Dole's words, "an impact on my life second only to my family". Dole recovered from his wounds at

12367-482: The entire 1968 season . The Bills went 1–12–1 without Kemp. Despite Kemp's return from injury and the arrival of running back O. J. Simpson , the Bills only compiled a 4–10 record during the 1969 season under new coach John Rauch . Kemp was named an AFL All-Star in 1969 for the seventh time in the league's 10 years. He advocated recognition of the league, and in its last year, 1969, lobbied Pete Rozelle to have AFL teams wear an AFL patch to honor it. In 1969,

12516-470: The far right on non-social issues. Kemp was among the majority of Republican candidates in opposition to Reagan's INF Treaty agreement with the Soviet Union 's Mikhail Gorbachev despite general Republican voter approval of the treaty. With aspirations of support from right-wing voters, all candidates with low levels of poll support for the nomination took this same "sabre-rattling" stand. By early 1988,

12665-529: The favorable regulatory environment were also major factors. Detractors note that the expansion was fueled by undesirable sectors like gaming , prisons, medical treatment , and credit card use. An early Kemp tax reform attempt was an unsuccessful 1979 proposal to index tax brackets for cost of living fluctuations, which was incorporated in Reagan's 1980 package. Kemp co-sponsored a legislative attempt at enterprise zones in 1980. One of Kemp's more trying times as

12814-404: The game, Buffalo replaced Kemp with Lamonica after falling behind 16–0, but still lost 26–8. Kemp was said to be the "clubhouse lawyer" for the Bills because of his role in mediating conflicts. In 1964 , he managed personalities such as Gilchrist, who walked off the field when plays were not being called for him, and Saban, whom he kept from cutting Gilchrist the following week. He also managed

12963-562: The heavily Jewish Wilshire district of West Los Angeles , but his tight-knit middle-class family attended the Church of Christ, Scientist . In his youth, sports consumed Kemp, who once chose the forward pass as the subject of a school essay on important inventions, although his mother attempted to broaden his horizons with piano lessons and trips to the Hollywood Bowl . Kemp attended Melrose Avenue 's Fairfax High School , which was, at

13112-529: The inaugural Dole Leadership Prize to Rudy Giuliani for his leadership as the Mayor of New York City during the September 11 attacks in 2001. Dole's legacy also includes a commitment to combating hunger , both in the United States and around the globe. In addition to numerous domestic programs, and along with former Senator George McGovern (D-South Dakota), Dole created an international school lunch program through

13261-483: The infection with the administration of streptomycin , one of the first ever uses of that drug in a human. He remained despondent, "not ready to accept the fact that my life would be changed forever". He was encouraged to see Hampar Kelikian , an orthopedist in Chicago who had been working with veterans returning from war. Although during their first meeting Kelikian told Dole that he would never be able to recover fully,

13410-529: The late evening and early morning event in his book Crazy for God , led to both the Schaeffers and Koop obtaining "...access to everyone in the Republican Party". Joanne Kemp once suffered a miscarriage , which Kemp later said made him re-evaluate the sanctity of human life and affirmed his opposition to abortion. Following his wedding, Kemp converted to his wife's Presbyterian faith. He identified as

13559-604: The league's existence and one of only 20 players to serve all 10 of those years. His number 15 was retired by the Bills in 1984. In 2012, the Professional Football Researchers Association named Kemp to the PRFA Hall of Very Good Class of 2012. However, despite his success and important AFL records, he is most prominently listed in the NFL record book for less flattering accomplishments, including his place as

13708-415: The league's first 3,000-yard passers), led the AFL in yards per completion and times sacked , and finished one rushing touchdown short of the league lead. Under Kemp, the Chargers' offense averaged 46 points over its last four games and scored more than 41 points in five of its last nine games. In the AFL championship game , he led the team to field goals on its first two possessions, but after

13857-646: The left and the right within the Republican Party over the convention platform, one of the major issues being the inclusion of the Human Life Amendment . Clinton framed the narrative against Dole early, painting him as a mere clone of unpopular then-House Speaker Newt Gingrich , warning America that Dole would work in concert with the Republican Congress to slash popular social programs, like Medicare and Social Security , dubbed by Clinton as "Dole-Gingrich". Dole's tax-cut plan found itself under attack from

14006-565: The moderates (Bush and Dole) were clearly the front-runners and Kemp was battling with Pat Robertson as the conservative alternative to the moderates. He used a somewhat negative advertising campaign that seemed to have the intended initial effect of boosting him to serious contention. His 1988 campaign was based on the platform of supply-side economics and inner-city enterprise zones. In Bare Knuckles and Back Rooms: My Life in American Politics , campaign chairman Rollins described Kemp as

14155-499: The newly formed AFL agreed to "no tampering" policies with the NFL and CFL respectively, protecting each league's players. Players like Kemp, with modest NFL experience, were often signed by the AFL at the time. Kemp signed as a free agent with the AFL's Los Angeles Chargers . In 1960 , Kemp led the Chargers to a Western Division Championship with a 10–4 record. He finished second in the league to Frank Tripucka in passing attempts, completions, and yards (making him and Tripucka

14304-457: The next four years. I couldn't see the point. Maybe after all those partisan fights, you look for more friendships. One of the nice things I've discovered is that when you're out of politics, you have more credibility with the other side . . . And you're out among all kinds of people, and that just doesn't happen often for an ex-president; he doesn't have the same freedom. So it hasn't been all bad." The 1996 presidential election, despite ending in

14453-463: The next year. Over time in the Senate, Dole was seen by some as having a moderate voting record. During the following years of the 1970s, Dole and McGovern worked together on the Senate Hunger and Human Needs Committee. They partnered to help pass legislation making food stamps and school lunches more accessible, and fraud more difficult. They expanded the school lunch program and helped establish

14602-537: The objection of United States House Committee on Ways and Means Chairman Dan Rostenkowski . During the Reagan years, Kemp and his followers ignored budget balancing while promoting tax cuts and economic growth. These tax cuts have been credited by conservatives for the economic growth from 1983 to 1990, which by 1996 had become one of the longest expansions in American history. Kemp notes that Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcker 's success at stemming inflation and

14751-534: The off season to the Denver Broncos . So we went to a pass-oriented game more that season than we ever had before. We not only went to our receivers, but we threw a lot to our running backs . And I really think it brought out the best in Jack that year." In 1965 , the Bills finished with a 10–3–1 record. Kemp finished the season second in the league in pass completions. In the 1965 AFL Championship Game, Buffalo defeated

14900-507: The one he had used to collect donations for his war-related medical expenses, containing more than $ 7,000 in campaign donations. Dole started out strongly by defeating Vice President George H. W. Bush in the Iowa caucus —Bush finished third, behind television evangelist Pat Robertson . Bush defeated Dole in the New Hampshire primary a week later. After the returns had come in on the night of that primary, Dole appeared to lose his temper in

15049-436: The outset, Kemp had failed to position himself as the primary alternative to Vice President Bush. Except for a select few cognoscenti, the general public did not recognize Kemp's leadership ability, although he was a successful man of ideas. In fact, most of the Republican electorate found themselves unfamiliar with Kemp early in his campaign. Political pundits recognized him, however, as a visionary idea man. In addition, he

15198-523: The panel would require a rate of at least 25 percent to keep from adding to the deficit." Robert Dole Robert Joseph Dole (July 22, 1923 – December 5, 2021) was an American politician and attorney from Kansas who served in both chambers of the United States Congress , the United States House of Representatives from 1961 to 1969 and a member of the United States Senate from 1969 to his resignation in 1996 to campaign for President of

15347-560: The personal privacy issue, and Kemp rejected the Times inquiry as "beneath the dignity of a presidential candidate". His campaign was on an early positive course with many key early endorsements in New Hampshire, but Bush held the support of much of the Republican establishment in New York. Although he had an eclectic mix of supporters, Kemp's campaign began borrowing against anticipated Federal matching funds because it had quickly spent itself into

15496-655: The players' union contributed to his frequent siding with the Democrats on labor issues later in his career. The NCAA's highest honor, the Theodore Roosevelt Award , was presented to Kemp in 1992, and he was named one of the association's 100 most influential student-athletes in 2006. "Pro football gave me a good perspective. When I entered the political arena, I had already been booed, cheered, cut, sold, traded, and hung in effigy ." Kemp's political career began long before his 1970 campaign. In 1960 and 1961, Kemp

15645-457: The politics of his quarterback battle with Lamonica, who engineered four winning touchdown drives in the Bills' first seven games. Kemp was the first and only Professional Football player to pass for three touchdowns in the first quarter of a season-opening game, against the Kansas City Chiefs in 1964 , until the record was tied but not broken, 47 years later in 2011 by Aaron Rodgers . The 1964 team won its first nine games and went 12–2 for

15794-479: The presidential election). He guest-starred as himself on NBC 's Brooke Shields sitcom Suddenly Susan in January 1997. Dole became a television commercial spokesman for such products as Viagra , Visa Inc , Dunkin' Donuts , and Pepsi (with Britney Spears ). He was an occasional political commentator on the interview program Larry King Live , and was a guest a number of times on Comedy Central 's satirical news program, The Daily Show . Dole was, for

15943-461: The presidents of the United States, in which he ranks the presidents according to their level of humor. Dole released his autobiography, One Soldier's Story: A Memoir , on April 12, 2005. The book chronicles his World War II experiences and his battle to survive his war injuries. After the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal broke in 1998, Dole urged his party to practice "restraint" in their reaction to

16092-467: The race. Despite the 1994 elections, President Clinton's popularity soared due to a booming economy and public opinion polls supporting him in the 1995 budget shutdown. As a result, Clinton and Vice President Al Gore faced no serious opposition in the Democratic primaries. A few months before his death in April 1994, Richard Nixon warned Dole, "If the economy's good, you're not going to beat Clinton." Dole

16241-406: The race. He experienced more success in the 1988 Republican primaries but was defeated by Vice President George H. W. Bush . Dole won the Republican presidential nomination in 1996 and selected Jack Kemp as his running mate. The Republican ticket lost in the general election to Clinton, making Dole the first unsuccessful major party nominee for both president and vice president. He resigned from

16390-651: The red, which may have been due to the use of expensive direct mail fundraising techniques. To offset his socially moderate stances, Kemp clarified his opposition to abortion, his support of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and his support for a stronger military than that favored by Secretary of State George Shultz . To position himself as Reagan's successor, Kemp called for Shultz's resignation based on claims that Shultz had neglected freedom fighters in Afghanistan and Nicaragua and had waffled on

16539-512: The regular season, winning the Eastern Division with a final game victory over the Patriots at Fenway Park . Kemp led the league in yards per attempt and finished one rushing touchdown short of the league lead, which was shared by Gilchrist and Sid Blanks . In the AFL championship game, he scored the final touchdown with just over nine minutes left in a 20–7 victory. Not long after, Kemp played

16688-458: The revenue estimates provided above suggest that all of the stated goals of the commission cannot be achieved simultaneously: choices will have to be made between desirable features of the rate structure, the tax base, and extent and direction of social policy." Accounting firm, Coopers & Lybrand , concluded "that a flat tax offering exemptions for homeownership, charitable contributions, investments, payroll taxes and other priorities favored by

16837-536: The rooftops about what we need to do." Kemp's football colleagues confirmed this influence: John Mackey explained that "the huddle is colorblind." As a self-described "bleeding-heart conservative", Kemp represented a part of the suburban Buffalo region known as the Southtowns (that traditionally voted Democratic) in the United States House of Representatives from 1971 to 1989. He was described as having

16986-533: The running mate of Bob Dole ; they lost to incumbent president Bill Clinton and vice president Al Gore . Kemp had previously contended for the presidential nomination in the 1988 Republican primaries . Before entering politics, Kemp played as a quarterback for 13 years. He played briefly in the National Football League (NFL) and the Canadian Football League (CFL), but became a star in

17135-523: The scandal. After the resulting late-1998 impeachment of President Clinton , Dole proposed that, instead of holding an impeachment trial , the Senate instead censure Clinton and then have Clinton sign the censure himself in the presence of congressional leaders, the Vice President, Cabinet members, and the justices of the Supreme Court . Some Democratic senators came to support the notion of having

17284-546: The second time. In October 1995, a year before the presidential election, Dole and Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich led the Republican-controlled Congress to pass a spending bill that President Clinton vetoed, leading to the federal government shutdown from 1995 to 1996 . On November 13, Republican and Democratic leaders, including Vice President Al Gore, Dick Armey , and Dole, met to try to resolve

17433-459: The shutdown as having a role in Clinton's successful re-election campaign. In a January 3, 1996, Briefing Room address, amid the ongoing United States federal government shutdowns of 1995–1996 , President Clinton noted Dole as a lawmaker that was "working together in good faith" to reopen the government. From 1992 to 1996, Dole played a major role in mobilizing support for Bosnia and Herzegovina in

17582-577: The time of Robert Mundell 's Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics recognition some attributed much of the credit to Mundell, Laffer, Robert Bartley , and Wanniski. In 1979, Kemp wrote An American Renaissance ( ISBN   0-06-012283-8 ), to deliver his message that "A rising tide lifts all boats." Although the realization of early 1980s tax cuts are attributed to Reagan, they were initiated by Kemp and Roth through their 1981 Kemp–Roth Tax Cut legislation. Reagan's budget based on this legislation passed over

17731-450: The time, known for its high concentration of both Jewish students and children of celebrities. Over 95% of Kemp's classmates were Jewish, and he later became a supporter of Jewish causes. His classmates included musician Herb Alpert , baseball pitcher Larry Sherry , and academic Judith A. Reisman . During his years in high school, Kemp worked with his brothers at his father's trucking company in downtown Los Angeles. In his spare time, he

17880-659: The vice presidential debate replied to Walter Mondale concerning the issues of Watergate scandal and the Pardon of Richard Nixon , "It is an appropriate topic, I guess, but it's not a very good issue any more than the war in Vietnam would be or World War II or World War I or the war in Korea—all Democrat wars, all in this century. I figured up the other day, if we added up the killed and wounded in Democrat wars in this century, it would be about 1.6 million Americans, enough to fill

18029-695: The wedding. The Kemps had two sons. Both were professional football quarterbacks: Jeff Kemp (born in 1959) played in the NFL from 1981 to 1991, and Jimmy Kemp (born in 1971) played in the CFL from 1994 to 2002. Significantly for a man with his demanding schedule, Jack never missed one of their games as children or in college. They also had two daughters: Jennifer Kemp Andrews (born in 1961) and Judith Kemp (born in 1963). In 1976, C. Everett Koop wrote The Right to Live, The Right to Die , setting down his own concerns about abortion, infanticide, and euthanasia. Koop also took some time off from his surgical practice to make

18178-475: Was "give him the largest dose of morphine they dared and write an 'M' for 'morphine' on his forehead in his own blood, so that nobody else who found him would give him a second, fatal dose." Dole was paralyzed from the neck down and transported to a military hospital near Kansas. Having blood clots, a life-threatening infection, and a fever of almost 109 °F (43 °C), he was expected to die. After large doses of penicillin were not successful, he overcame

18327-501: Was a long-time proponent of the flat tax . He also defended the use of anti-Communist contra forces in Central America, supported the gold standard , spoke for civil rights legislation, opposed abortion, and was the first lawmaker to popularize enterprise zones , which he supported to foster entrepreneurship and job creation and expand homeownership among public housing tenants. During his career, he sometimes sounded like

18476-645: Was a rigorous reader, preferring history and philosophy books. After graduating from high school in 1953, he attended Occidental College , a founding member of the NCAA Division III Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference . Kemp selected Occidental because its football team used professional formations and plays, which he hoped would help him to become a professional quarterback. At 5 feet 10 inches (178 cm) and 175 pounds (79 kg), he considered himself too small to play for

18625-495: Was a voracious reader, and his political beliefs were founded in early readings of Goldwater's The Conscience of a Conservative , Ayn Rand 's novels such as The Fountainhead , and Friedrich von Hayek 's The Constitution of Liberty . He also brought from his football career a belief in racial equality which came from playing football with black teammates. As Kemp said, "I wasn't there with Rosa Parks or Dr. King or John Lewis . But I am here now, and I am going to yell from

18774-586: Was acquired by DLA Piper , Dole joined the Washington, D.C. law and lobbying firm Alston & Bird , where he continued his lobbying career. While working for Alston & Bird, Dole was registered as a foreign agent under the Foreign Agents Registration Act in order to represent the government of the Republic of China in Washington. Dole was head of the Federal City Council ,

18923-860: Was activated for the Berlin Crisis of 1961 , Kemp received a medical exemption for his chronically separated left shoulder. The injury led to his discharge from the Reserve in July 1962. In 1959, Kemp played one game for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League , which made him ineligible for the NFL, in 1959. According to his older brother Tom, his parents drove him from California to Calgary, Alberta , only to see him cut. By this time, Kemp had been cut from five professional teams (Lions, Steelers, Giants, 49ers, and Stampeders) and his family encouraged him to get on with his life. On February 9 and 11, 1960,

19072-463: Was an American politician and professional football player. A member of the Republican Party from New York, he served as Housing Secretary in the administration of President George H. W. Bush from 1989 to 1993, having previously served nine terms in the United States House of Representatives from 1971 to 1989. He was the Republican Party's vice presidential nominee in the 1996 election , as

19221-498: Was an editorial assistant to San Diego Union editor and future Richard Nixon aide Herb Klein . Subsequently, Kemp became a volunteer in both Barry Goldwater 's 1964 presidential campaign and Ronald Reagan 's successful 1966 California gubernatorial campaign. In the 1967 football off-season, Kemp worked on Reagan's staff in Sacramento . In 1969, he was special assistant to the Republican National Committee chairman. Kemp

19370-510: Was as the chairman of the platform subcommittee on foreign policy. However, the three platform planks that he proposed involved tax hikes, the gold standard and the role of the Federal Reserve . Despite Kemp's official role, his real influence as an author was on the grammatical structure of the plank on tax hikes. By 1985, Kemp was a leading contender for the 1988 presidential nomination. He also delivered remarks on free enterprise zones at

19519-415: Was available and claimed him for a $ 100 waiver fee on September 25, 1962, in what sportswriter Randy Schultz has called one of the biggest bargains in professional football history. The Dallas Texans and Denver Broncos also attempted to claim Kemp, but he was awarded to Buffalo by AFL commissioner Joe Foss . According to Billy Shaw , Kemp's acquisition solved the Bills' quarterback problem, but Kemp

19668-485: Was born in Texas). Dole found the initial draft of the nomination acceptance speech written by Mark Helprin too hardline, so Kerry Tymchuk, who was part of the "'Let Dole be Dole' crowd", revised the speech to cover the themes of honor, decency, and straight talk. It included the following line, a gibe at the all-or-nothing rookie Republicans who had ridden the 1994 midterm GOP wave into Congress: "In politics honorable compromise

19817-562: Was elected president in 1980, Dole held the chairmanship of the Senate Agriculture Committee's Nutrition Subcommittee and the Senate Finance Committee. Together with McGovern, Dole spearheaded the elimination of the purchase requirement to receive food stamp benefits and the simplification of eligibility requirements. Facing a reluctant President and Congress as chairman of the Senate Finance Committee in 1982, Dole

19966-442: Was elected to Congress." Kemp led Buffalo to the AFL playoffs four straight years (1963–1966), three consecutive Eastern Division titles (1964–1966) and two straight AFL Championships (1964–1965). He led the league in career passes attempted, completions, and yards gained passing. He played in five of the AFL's 10 Championship Games, and holds the same career records (passing attempts, completions, and yardage) for championships. He

20115-639: Was first proposed to White House chief of staff John Sununu in June 1989 to create enterprise zones, increase subsidies for low-income renters, expand social services for the homeless and elderly, and enact tax changes to help first-time home buyers. Sununu opposed it at first as did most of the Cabinet , but in August 1990 Sununu, at the urging of United States Attorney General Dick Thornburgh , encouraged President Bush to endorse Kemp's Economic Empowerment Task Force. However,

20264-441: Was married to former U.S. Senator Elizabeth Dole of North Carolina. Dole was born on July 22, 1923, in Russell, Kansas, the son of Bina M. (née Talbott; 1904–1983) and Doran Ray Dole (1901–1975). His father, who had moved the family to Russell shortly before Robert was born, earned money by running a small creamery . One of Dole's father's customers was the father of his future Senate colleague Arlen Specter . The Doles lived in

20413-605: Was merged with the neighboring 2nd district to form a new 1st district , encompassing much of central and western Kansas. Dole was elected from this merged district in 1962 and was re-elected two more times. During his tenure in the House, Dole voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968 , as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 . In 1968 , Dole defeated former Kansas Governor William H. Avery for

20562-535: Was named a Little All-America player one year in which he threw for over 1,100 yards. That year, he led the nation's small colleges in passing. He and close friend Jim Mora , who later became an NFL head coach , were members of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity. Another teammate in college was Ron Botchan , who was an NFL referee for years (record five Super Bowls). Kemp declined to become involved in student government. After graduating from Occidental with

20711-507: Was named an AFL All-Star for the sixth consecutive year. The 1967 Bills endured a 4–10 1967 AFL season , in which Kemp was not named to the All-Star game for the first time in his AFL career. On August 23, 1968, the Bills suffered a blowout preseason loss to the Houston Oilers . On August 26, Collier put the Bills through a 40-play scrimmage. During the scrimmage, Ron McDole fell on Kemp's right knee and injured it, forcing Kemp to sit out

20860-497: Was not excited about coming to Buffalo. According to Van Miller , "Jack's a skier, and he wanted to go to Denver and play for the Broncos. He hated the thought of coming to Buffalo." In Buffalo, he would become known for his love of reading a broad range of books including those by Henry Thoreau , which led to chidings from Saban. Injuries, including the broken finger, kept Kemp from playing for most of 1962. That season, Kemp received

21009-698: Was on the basketball team, the track team, and the football team. In football, Dole played at the end position. In 1942 he was a teammate of the founder and longtime owner of the Tennessee Titans Bud Adams , Adams's only season playing football at Kansas. While in college, Dole joined the Kappa Sigma fraternity, and in 1970 he was bestowed with the Fraternity's "Man of the Year" honor. Dole's collegiate studies were interrupted by World War II, when he enlisted in

21158-420: Was on the ropes because he wasn't conservative enough." Dole eventually won the nomination, becoming the oldest first-time presidential nominee at the age of 73 years, 1 month (President Ronald Reagan was 73 years, 6 months in 1984, for his second presidential nomination). If elected, he would have become the oldest president to take office and the first Kansas native to become president (as Dwight D. Eisenhower

21307-539: Was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009 by President Barack Obama . Born, raised, and educated in Los Angeles , Kemp was the third of four sons of Frances Elizabeth (née Pope) and Paul Robert Kemp Sr. Paul turned his motorcycle messenger service into a trucking company that grew from one to 14 trucks. Frances was a well-educated social worker and Spanish teacher. Kemp grew up in

21456-414: Was quickly perceived as a verbose speaker who sometimes lost contact with his audience. Although Kemp tried to appeal to conservatives, his libertarian philosophies of tolerance and individual rights and his commitment to supporting minorities, women, blue-collar workers and organized labor clashed with conservative voters' social and religious values. To Democrats, Kemp's free-market philosophies were

21605-406: Was the driving force behind a large tax increase, promoting it as a reform measure to collect money owed by tax cheats and under-taxed businesses. In December of that year, The New York Times referred to Dole as changing from "hard-line conservative" to "mainstream Republicanism". He became Senate Majority leader in 1985 initially serving in that position for two years. Democrats took control of

21754-571: Was the early front runner for the GOP nomination in the 1996 presidential race . At least eight candidates ran for the nomination. Dole was expected to win the nomination against underdog candidates such as the more conservative Senator Phil Gramm of Texas and more moderate Senator Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania. Pat Buchanan upset Dole in the early New Hampshire primary, however, with Dole finishing second and former Tennessee governor Lamar Alexander finishing third. Speechwriter Kerry Tymchuk observed, "Dole

21903-534: Was too old to be president. In his election night concession speech, Dole remarked "I was thinking on the way down in the elevator – tomorrow will be the first time in my life I don't have anything to do." Dole later wrote "I was wrong. Seventy-two hours after conceding the election, I was swapping wisecracks with David Letterman on his late-night show." During the immediate aftermath of his 1996 loss to Clinton, Dole recalled that his critics thought that "I didn't loosen up enough, I didn't show enough leg. They said I

22052-416: Was too serious . . . It takes several months to stop fretting about it and move on. But I did." Dole remarked that his decisive defeat to Clinton made it easier for him to be "magnanimous". On his decision to leave politics for good after the 1996 presidential election campaign, despite his guaranteed stature as a former Senate leader, Dole stated, "People were urging [me] to be a hatchet man against Clinton for

22201-399: Was unsuccessful at either of his major initiatives: enacting enterprise zones and promoting public housing tenant ownership. The goal of these two plans was to change public housing into tenant-owned residences and to lure industry and business into inner cities with federal incentives. Although Kemp did not affect much policy as HUD's director, he cleaned up HUD's reputation, and developed

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